ABSTRACT BOOK - pkspl.ipb.ac.id

LPPM PKSPL @pksplipb @pkspl_ipb PKSPL IPB University

rdThe 3 International Conference on Integrated CoastalManagement and Marine Biotechnology ICMMBT

“ICM & Marine Biotechnology Towards Sustainable Bioeconomy”

th thAugust 11 - 12 , 2021

WITH PROGRAMABSTRACT BOOK

THP FPIK

IPB University

MSP FPIK

IPB University

The 3rd International Conference on Integrated Coastal

Management and Marine Biotechnology ICMMBT

ICMMBT 2021 “Integrated Coastal Management & Marine Biotechnology

Towards Sustainable Bioeconomy”

Abstracts Book

with Program

2021 The 3rd International Conference on Integrated Coastal

Management and Marine Biotechnology (ICMMBT)

Bogor, Indonesia, 11th-12th August 2021

Host by

Co-Host

ICMMBT 2021 “Integrated Coastal Management & Marine Biotechnology Towards

Sustainable Bioeconomy”

Center for Coastal and Marine Resources Studies

IPB University

Department of Aquatic Product Technology

Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences

IPB University

Centre for Marine & Coastal Studies

Universiti Sains Malaysia

Center for Research and Community Services

Dumai of Marine and Fisheries Polytechnic

THP FPIK IPB University

MSP FPIK IPB University

Department of Aquatic Resources Management

Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences

IPB University

2021 The 3rd International Conference on Integrated Coastal

Management and Marine Biotechnology

Bogor, Indonesia, 11th-12th August 2021

Abstract Book

Printing of this Edition has been Financially supported by

CCMRS-LPPM IPB University

Editor Fery Kurniawan Muhammad Nur Arkham

Robba Fahrisy Darus Rizqi Ilmal Yaqin

Budi Prabowo Nurdin Ahmadi

Published by Center for Coastal and Marine Resources Studies IPB University

All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form

or by any means, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying or any

information storage and the retrieval system not known or to be invented, without

written permission from the Publisher

5

ICCMBT 2021

Dear Colleagues,

Dear Colleagues,

Welcome to the 3rd International Conference on Integrated Coastal Management and Marine

Biotechnology (ICMMBT): “Integrated Coastal Management & Marine Biotechnology towards

Sustainable Bioeconomy”. The International Conference is hosted by Center for Coastal and

Marine Resources Studies Bogor Agricultural University (CCMRS-IPB University) and co-

hosted by the International Collaboration Office (ICO) IPB University, Department of Aquatic

Product Technology Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences IPB University, Center for

Marine & Coastal Studies Universiti Sains Malaysia and Marine and Fisheries Polytechnic of

Dumai. This conference aims to provide a forum for ICM and MBT experts and practitioners

all over the region to meet and discuss their frontier ICM practices, as well as the latest

scientific-based approaches/methodologies/tools and technological advancements in this

important field. The conference also aims to advance the participants understanding of local,

regional and global ICM problems and their solutions. This abstracts book includes all

abstracts presented at the ICMMBT conference, organizing committee members and event

agenda. The conference is attended by 330 authors in 84 abstracts from Indonesia,

Netherland, USA, Malaysia, the Philippines, Vietnam, Spain and Czech Republic. Many

thanks and high appreciation to the sponsors, all members of local organizers and those who

have supported this conference. May you all still be able to enjoy the conference during this

pandemic circumstances. Stay safe and healthy!

Nurdin Ahmadi

Chairman of Organizing Committee ICMMBT 2021

FOREWORD

6

ICCMBT 2021

Chair :

Dr. Fery Kurniawan IPB University, Indonesia

Vice Chair :

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kustiariyah IPB University, Indonesia

Secretary of Committee :

Dr. M. Arsyad Al Amin IPB University, Indonesia

Members :

Prof. Dr. Aileen Tan Shau Hwai Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia

Prof. Dr. Dietriech G. Bengen IPB University, Indonesia

Prof. Dr. Joko Santoso IPB University, Indonesia

Prof. Dr. Lukas Kalous Czech University of Life Science

Prof. Dr. Rokhmin Dahuri IPB University, Indonesia

Prof. Dr. Tridoyo Kusumastanto IPB University, Indonesia

Prof. Dr. Uju IPB University, Indonesia

Prof. Dr. Yumiko Yoshie-Stark Tokyo University, Japan

Prof. Dr. Yusli Wardiatno IPB University, Indonesia

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ario Damar IPB University, Indonesia

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Jiri Patoka Czech University of Life Science

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Josep Llorent Universität de Gerona, Spain

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Luky Adrianto IPB University, Indonesia

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ruddy Suwandi IPB University, Indonesia

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Yonvitner IPB University, Indonesia

Dr. Le Thi Anh Hong Vietnam Institute of Educational Sciences, Vietnam

Dr. Negin Vaghefi Penang Institute, Malaysia

Dr. Nuttakan Nitayapat Kasetsart University Bangkok, Thailand

M. Nur Arkham, M.Si Dumai of Marine and Fisheries Polytechnic,

Indonesia

Robba Fahrisy Darus, M.Si. IPB University, Indonesia

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE

7

ICCMBT 2021

Rizqi Ilmal Yaqin, M.Eng. Dumai of Marine and Fisheries Polytechnic,

Indonesia

Budi Prabowo, M.Si. IPB University, Indonesia

8

ICCMBT 2021

Chair : Nurdin Ahmadi

Vice Chair : Bambang Yudho Rudiyanto

Novit Rikardi

Secretary : Sinta Hasriningtyas

Artika Nanda Maghfiroh

Mega Natasha Indah

Dety Meidina Saputri

Treasurer : Vepryany Oktaviarty

Logistics and Network : Heru Arafat

Agus Ramli

Johanes Ulitua Sinaga

Roni A. Ritonga

Eryawadi

Dony Suhartono

Consumption and Accommodation : Retno Puerwaning Hastuti

Darmawati

Public Relations, Documentation and

Sponsorship

: Kamsari Saleh

Nana Anggraini Yahya

Agus Soleh

Hermanto

Aulia Nur Larasati

Event Technical : Qustam Sahibuddin

Arif Trihandoyo

CONFERENCE ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

9

ICCMBT 2021

Arisman

Fuji Ardi Kartono

Toriq Furqon Al Mujaddid

Retno Ayu Yentiana

M. Aldi Febriansyah

Aya Cece Cahyadi

Rizki Darmawan

Surya Gentha Akmal

Publication : M. Nur Arkham

Robba Fahrisy Darus

Rizqi Ilmal Yaqin

Budi Prabowo

Organizer : Center for Coastal and Marine Resources Studies

IPB University

Address

: Kampus IPB Baranangsiang, Jl. Raya Pajajaran No. 1,

Bogor, Jawa Barat, Indonesia – 16127

Phone : (+62-251) 8374816, 8374820, 8374839

Fax : (0251) 8374726

E-Mail : [email protected]

Website : http://pksplipb.or.id/int/icmmbt/

CONFERENCE SECRETARIAT

10

ICCMBT 2021

August 11th – 12th 2021

Day 1, August 11th 2021 Time (GMT +7) Agenda PIC

11.30 – 12.00 Registration and CCMRS video views Committee

12.00 – 12.05 Opening Ceremony Sinta Hasriningtyas Hassane Nadio

12.05 – 12.10 National Anthem “Indonesia Raya” Sinta Hasriningtyas Hassane Nadio

12.10 – 12.20 Speech by CCMRS IPB Director Assoc. Prof. Dr. Yonvitner, S.Pi., M.Si

12.20 – 12.30 Welcoming speech by Rector of IPB Prof. Dr. Arif Satria, S.P., M.Si

12.30 – 12.35 Photo session Sinta Hasriningtyas Hassane Nadio

12.35 – 12.40 Introduction of MC Sinta Hasriningtyas Hassane Nadio

12.40 – 13.10 Opening speech by Secretary of Coord. Ministry of Mariime and Investment

Ir. Agung Kuswandono, M.A

13.10 – 13.15 Introduction of moderator Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kustiariyah Tarman

13.15 – 13.55 Keynote Speech : “Marine Natural Product: From Sea to Market”

Prof. Ulrike Lindequist (Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Germany)

13.55 – 14.00 Introduction of moderator Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kustiariyah Tarman

14.00 – 14.25 Invited speaker “Seaweed and its Roles on Health and Immunity”

Prof. Yumiko Yoshie Stark (Toyo University, Japan)

14.25 – 14.35 Discussion (Question and Answer) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kustiariyah Tarman

14.35 – 14.50 Break Sinta Hasriningtyas Hassane Nadio

14.50 – 14.55 Continue The Seminar agenda Sinta Hasriningtyas Hassane Nadio

14.55 – 15.00 Preparation oral presentation Committee

15.00 – 15.40

Oral presentation Akhmad Solihin, S.Pi., M.H

Room : ICM_Room 1

Oral presentation Andy Affandy, S.Pi., MM

Room : ICM_Room 2

15.40 – 15.50 Break

15.50 – 17.15

Oral presentation Akhmad Solihin, S.Pi., M.H

Room : ICM_Room 1

Oral presentation Andy Affandy, S.Pi., MM

Room : ICM_Room 2

17.15 – 17.25 Closing and announcement Sinta Hasriningtyas Hassane Nadio

EVENT AGENDA

11

ICCMBT 2021

Day 2, August 12th 2021 Time (GMT +7) Agenda PIC

08.00 – 08.30 Registration and CCMRS video views Committee

08.30 – 08.35 National Anthem “Indonesia Raya” Sinta Hasriningtyas Hassane Nadio

08.35 – 08.40 Preparation oral presentation Committee

08.40 – 11.45

Oral presentation Dr. M. Arsyad Al Amin

Room : ICM_Room 1

Oral presentation Dr. Ruddy Suwandi

Room : ICM_Room 2

08.40 – 11.45

Oral presentation Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kustiariyah Tarman

Room : MBT_Room 1

Oral presentation Dr. Wahyu Ramadhan

Room : MBT_Room 2

11.45 – 12.45 Break Committee

12.45 – 12.50 Introduction of moderator Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ario Damar

12.50 – 13.20 Invited speaker “Blue Food: unlocking health, environmental and economic opportunities”

Prof. Dato’ Dr. Aileen Tan Shau Hwai (USM, Penang, Malaysia)

13.20 – 13.30 Discussion Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ario Damar

13.30 – 13.35 Introduction of moderator Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ruddy Suwandi

13.35 – 14.00

Invited speaker “Governability of Coastal and Marine Resources in Indonesia – Double Shocking Effects toward the New Normal”

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Luky Adrianto (Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences IPB University)

14.00 – 14.10 Discussion Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ruddy Suwandi

14.10 – 14.15 Introduction of moderator Dr. Mukhlis Kamal

14.15 – 14.40

Invited speaker “Invasive Species in Indonesian Fishery and Related Socio-Economic and Environmental Risks”

doc. Ing. Jiří Patoka, Ph.D., DiS (Department of Zoology and Fisheries Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources Czech University of Life Sciences Prague)

14.40 – 14.50 Discussion Dr. Mukhlis Kamal

14.50 – 14.55 Introduction of moderator Dr. Ir. Zulhamsyah Imran, M.Si

14.55 – 15.20

Invited speaker “The poor situation of small-scale, artisanal fisheries in the Mediterranean Sea: what is the lesson to learn?”

Dr. Josep Lloret (University of Girona, Oceans and Human Health Chair, Girona, Spain)

12

ICCMBT 2021

August 11th 2021

Room : ICM_Room 1

Time : 14.30 – 16.50

Moderator : Akhmad Solihin, S.Pi., M.H

Time (GMT +7)

ID Name Title

15.00 – 15.08 A1-111 Fitria Ulfah Mapping Protected Animals Based on Community Local Knowledge at Marine Protected Area Datok Bandar, Lingga Regency, Riau Islands Province

15.08 – 15.16 A1-112 Cahyo Wijayanto

No-Take Zone Decisive of Marine Conservation Area in Southeast Sulawesi using Marxan

15.16 – 15.24 A1-113 Ruby C. Gonzales

Rapid Resource and Marine Protected Area Effectiveness Assessment in Tubajon, Laguindingan, Misamis Oriental, Philippines

15.24 – 15.32 A1-114 A N Magfiroh

IUCN Adaptive Modification Effectiveness Tracking Tool (IAME): An idea for integrating guidelines for assessment of the management effectiveness of Marine Protected Areas in Indonesia

15.30 – 15.40 Discussion

15.40 – 15.48 Break and Preparation of the next session

15.48 – 15.56 A2-115 Cheptia Amany

Seagrass, dugong, and people: Lessons learned from community-based conservation in Tolitoli Regency, Sulawesi Tengah, Indonesia

15.56 – 16.04 A2-116 N Rasyid Assessment of Marine Debris in seagrass Beds of Pramuka Island, Kepulauan Seribu

16.04 – 16.12 A2-117 Nurul D. M. Sjafrie

Community perception of seagrass restoration on Pari Island, Seribu Islands Regency

16.12 – 16.20 A2-118 Robba Fahrisy Darus

Seagrass rehabilitation in Thousand Islands, Jakarta: step to restore


16.30 – 16.35 Preparation of the next session

16.35 – 16.43 A3-119 Perdana Putra Kelana

Feasibility and carrying capacity analysis of beach recreation tourism in Cianjur West java

16.43 – 16.51 A3-1110 Moh. Aris Ni’matulloh

Analysis of Suitability and Carring Capacity Ecotourism of Manta Ray (Mobula Spp.) in Marine Protected Area Nusa Penida

16.51 – 16.59 A3-1111 Omega Raya Simarangkir

Study of Carrying Capacity for Marine Tourism Recovery In COVID-19 Pandemic New Normal Adaptation Period (Case Study: Derawan Island, Berau, East Kalimantan)

16.59 – 17.07 A3-1112 P B Utami

The Economic Marine Tourism Based on Cleanliness Health Safety and Environment (CHSE) Protocol as Covid-19 Outbreak Responses at Derawan Island, Indonesia


17.15 Back to main room

ORAL PRESENTATION

13

ICCMBT 2021

Room : ICM_Room 2

Time : 14.30 – 16.50

Moderator : Andy Affandy, S.Pi., MM

Time (GMT +7)

ID Name Title

15.00 – 15.08 A1-211 Dedi Hermon Climate Changes Impacts Towards Sedimentation Rate at the Shipwreck Diving Tourist Site in Mandeh Bay - Pesisir Selatan Regency

15.08 – 15.16 A1-212 Ofri Johan Layout The Coral disease and Compromise Health Abundance in Sabu Rajua Waters, East Nusa Tenggara

15.16 – 15.24 A1-213 Ofri Johan The Impact of Manta Mae Pinishi Ship Grounding at Gili Lawa Darat Marine National Park of Komodo, West Manggarai, East Nusa Tenggara

15.24 – 15.32 A1-214 Idris The Impact of MT Alex Grounding on a Patch Reef 'Gosong Panjang' in the Waters of Manggar, Bangka-Belitung Province


15.40 – 15.48 Break and Preparation of the next session

15.48 – 15.56 A2-215 Budi Prabowo Perspective of high coral growth rate on artificial reefs: what is causing enhancement of coral growth rate on Nyamuk Island, Anambas?

15.56 – 16.04 A2-216 Nurdyana Putri MD

Diversity of Reef Fish On Lembeh Island as an Indicator of The Coral Reef Health Condition

16.04 – 16.12 A2-217 S A Putra Sponge biodiversity assessments using a morphological approach on Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia

16.12 – 16.20 A2-218 Idris Assessing of Coral Reef Resilience on Lembeh Island, North Sulawesi



16.35 – 16.43 A3-219 A.Y. Abdurrahim

Forest-water-people nexus: Social-ecological profile of tropical coastal peatland landscape in West Kalimantan

16.43 – 16.51 A3-2110 MAK Budiman Avifaunas Diversity and Landscape Characteristics on the East Coast of Lampung Province

16.51 – 16.59 A3-2111 A R Yuliani Blue Carbon Stock in Post-Harvested Mangrove Forest, West Papua

16.59 – 17.07 B4-1217 Norrinah Baco Antibacterial activity of functional bioactive peptides derived from fish protein hydrolysate



ORAL PRESENTATION

14

ICCMBT 2021

August 12th 2021

Room : ICM_Room 1

Time : 09.00 – 12.00

Moderator : Dr. M. Arsyad Al Amin

Time (GMT +7)

ID Name Title

08.40 – 08.50 A1-121 Fazrul Hisam Study of the bycatch composition from different mesh size of bottom gill net in Kuala Tumpat, Kelantan

08.50 – 09.00 A1-122 N D Yanti

Managing Blue Swimming Crab (Portunus pelagicus Linnaeus, 1758) in Coastal of Pangkajene and Kepulauan Regency, South Sulawesi Province: Ecosystem approach for fisheries management

09.10 – 09.20 A1-123 Zairion Species Validation of Mantis Shrimp Based on Molecular Marker of Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (COI) from the south of Madura waters



09.35 – 09.45 A2-124 Tyas Dita Pramesthy

Length-Weight Relationships and Length Disribution of Euthynnus sp. in Nias Island, North Sumatera, Indonesia

09.45 – 09.55 A2-125 Abdullah Habibi

Management strategy evaluation for grouper fishery in Indonesia using length-based management procedures

09.55 – 10.05 A2-126 Taufiq Ejaz Ahmad

Fisheries Forecasting, Physical Approach Comparison between Regression and ARIMA Model



10.20 – 10.28 A3-127 Shiffa Febyarandika Shalichaty

The Analysis of Feasbility Fishing Effort Using Gillnet in Dumai Sea Waters

10.28 – 10.36 A3-128 S G Akmal

Evaluation of Fishing Gear Productivity in the Banten Sea Before the Tsunami Disaster

10.36 – 11.44 A3-129 MK Putri Carrying Capacity of Fisheries Business Investment in Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta

10.44 – 11.52 A3-1210 Achmad Mustofa

Legal analysis of the protection of Indonesia migrant fishers on foreign fishing vessels



11.05 – 11.15 A4-1211 La Ode M. Aslan

Gendered family roles in farming the seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii in Southeast (SE) Sulawesi, Indonesia

11.15 – 11.25 A4-1212 D Ferdiansyah Dynamics of semi-intensive and intensive traditional shrimp pond cultivation on the north coast of Sumenep Regency

ORAL PRESENTATION

15

ICCMBT 2021

Time (GMT +7)

ID Name Title

11.25 – 11.35 A4-1213 Muhammad Nur Arkham

Social ecological dynamic of small-scale fisheries in Coastal Area of Dumai City



16

ICCMBT 2021

Room : ICM_Room 2

Time : 09.00 – 12.00

Moderator : Dr. Ruddy Suwandi

Time (GMT +7)

ID Name Title

08.40 – 08.50 A1-221 Fadhliyah Idris Microplastic abundance in sea cucumber from seagrass ecosystem of Bintan Island and Sorrounding Area, Indonesia

08.50 – 09.00 A1-222 Kafabihi Microplastic Contamination Extent on Strombus sp. In North Bintan Waters

09.10 – 09.20 A1-223 N K Y Susanti Microplastics in Fishes as Seabird Preys in Jakarta Bay Area



09.35 – 09.45 A2-224 Nurviana Wulandari

Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Cd, Hg and Pb in Carp (Cyprinus carpio) from Jatiluhur Reservoir, West Java in Rainy Season

09.45 – 09.55 A2-225 Tumpak Sidabutar

An overview of harmful algal blooms (HABs) in Indonesian coastal waters

09.55 – 10.05 A2-226 Diana Azizah Index of environmental pollution and adaptation of avicennia marina around the ex-bauxite mining area Bintan Island



10.20 – 10.28 A3-227 Yoppie Christian

Coastal Natural Resources-based Potentials of Aceh Jaya Regency, Province of Aceh

10.28 – 10.36 A3-228 A Santoso Potential Risk of Invasive Species in Java

10.36 – 11.44 A3-229 H H Anh, N N Thuy

Assessment of riverbank erosion from heavy boat traffic: a case study at Cho Gao Canal, Tien Giang, Vietnam

10.44 – 11.52 A3-2210 SW Ambo Applying Risk Assessment Approach to Evaluate Small Island Status in Kepulauan Seribu



11.05 – 11.13 A4-2211 SM. Hari Mahardika

Engaging multistakeholders strategy toward strengthen mangrove rehabilitation program in Tangerang Regency

11.13 – 11.21 A4-2212 Tri Yaeni Rehabilitation Strategy for Mangrove Ecotourism Development in Tanjung Burung, Tangerang

11.21 – 11.29 A4-2213 Isdahartati The Joint efforts of the parties to realize ICM conception for sustainability of natural resources

11.29 – 11.37 A4-2214 M A Al Amin Sustainability status of bay management (case study in Jor bay, East Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province)



ORAL PRESENTATION

17

ICCMBT 2021

Room : MBT_Room 1

Time : 09.00 – 12.00

Moderator : Dr. Kustiariyah Tarman

Time (GMT +7)

ID Name Title

08.40 – 08.48 B1-121 Sugiyono Chemical Composition of Central Kalimantan Leptobarbus hoevenii, Blkr

08.48 – 08.56 B1-122 Sumartini Proximate and Nutrition Analysis of Chocolate Bar with Addition of Mangrove Leaves Powder during the Shelf Life

08.56 – 09.04 B1-123 I Dewa Made Rizky Wijaya

Systematic review effect of raw materials and extraction methods on collagen characteristics of fish and sea cucumber

09.04 – 09.12 B1-124 Putri Wening Ratrinia

The Effect of Addition Mangrove Leaves Powder to Lipid Oxidation of Chocolate Bar during the Shelf Life

09.12 – 09.20 B1-125 Mohd Zul Helmi Rozaini

Assesment of the Skin Photoprotective Capasities from Coastal Plant of Melaleuca cajuputi Essential Oil as a Potential UV Filters



09.35 – 09.43 B2-126 Sumartini Nutrition of Wet Noodles with Mangrove Fruit Flour during the Shelf Life by adding Catechins as a Source of Antioxidants

09.43 – 09.51 B2-127 Putri Wening Ratrinia

The Effect of Addition Different Types of Binders to the Effervescent Chemical Characteristics of Sonneratia casolaris Fruits

09.51 – 09.59 B2-128 Abdul Aziz Jaziri

Nutritional composition and mineral analysis of the by-products from tropical marine species, purple-spotted bigeye and barracuda

09.59 – 10.07 B2-129 Kristin Natalia Purba

Characterization of Spirulina and Seaweed Cookies with Different Concentrations of Spirulina platensis Biomass



10.20 – 10.28 B3-1210 M Arief Budiman

A review on the difference of physical and mechanical properties of bioplastic from seaweed hydrocolloids with various plasticizers

10.28 – 10.36 B3-1211 Marianti A Manggau

A study of the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, activity of fucoidan from brown seaweeds

10.36 – 10.44 B3-1212 Novianty Fuji Astuti

Effect of drying and extraction methods on Sargassum sp. antioxidant activity: a literature review

10.44 – 11.52 B3-1213 Joko Santoso Antioxidant Activities of Acetone Extract of Sargassum polycystum from Different Parts of Thallus



11.05 – 11.13 B4-1214 T. S. Khatulistiani

Characteristics and Bioactivity of Microencapsulation Halymenia durvillae Crude Extract

ORAL PRESENTATION

18

ICCMBT 2021

Time (GMT +7)

ID Name Title

11.13 – 11.21 B4-1215 Elmi Nurhaidah Zainuddin

In-vitro potential of Sargassum sp. as a natural antibacterial agent against fish pathogens

11.21 – 11.29 B4-1216 Kazi Nazira Sharmin

In silico analysis of Gracilaria changii proteins for potential bioactive peptides.

11.29 – 11.37



19

ICCMBT 2021

Room : MBT_Room 2

Time : 09.00 – 12.00

Moderator : Dr. Wahyu Ramadhan

Time (GMT +7)

ID Name Title

08.40 – 08.48 B1-221 Ratih Purnama Sari

Study of changes in freshness quality of mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) with extract concentration and variation of mangrove leaves

08.48 – 08.56 B1-222 K G Bondar

Characterization and Identification of Marine Sediment Isolation Bacteria Producing Extracellular Enzymes Marine Polysaccharides, and Molecular Detection of Enzyme Coding Gene

08.56 – 09.04 B1-223 Dien Arista Anggorowati

Diversity and fluctuation of cultivable Vibrio bacteria population in an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) system of Holothuria scabra, Chanos chanos and Gracilaria sp

09.04 – 09.12 B1-224 E Chasanah Detection of native peptides from Channa striata extract using de novo sequencing

09.12 – 09.20 B1-225 Asadatun Abdullah

Application of Mitochondrial DNA and real-time PCR for Rapid Detection of Endangered Shark Species in Fishery Products



09.35 – 09.43 B2-226 Mohammad Tamrin Bin Mohamad Lal

Antifungal Effect of Bacterial Extracts (Postbiotic) on Crustacean Pathogen

09.43 – 09.51 B2-227 A Sabdono Antimicrobial Potential of Nudibranch Chromodoris lineolata Associated Bacteria Againts Skin Diseases Pathogents

09.51 – 09.59 B2-228 Kurnia Sada Harahap

The potencial natural preservative from various mangrove fruit extract as a bacterial growth resistor in Euthynnus affinis

09.59 – 10.07 B2-229 Wini Trilaksani Emulsion Formulations Optimization of Pregnancy Supplement Based on Tuna Eye Virgin Fish Oil and Fish Protein Hydrolisate using Mixture Design



10.20 – 10.28 B3-2210 Hanin Bela Kartika

Extraction of Heparin from Tuna Gut (Thunnus sp.) as an Anticoagulant Agent

10.28 – 10.36 B3-2211 Dwiyitno Distribution of Saxitoxin Producing Algae in Jakarta Bay and the Implication to Saxitoxin Concentration in Mussel Species

10.36 – 10.44 B3-2212 Sumartini Antioxidant activity of mangrove leaf tea powder with leave maturity and variation of mangrove types Sonneratia alba and Rhizopora mucronata

10.44 – 11.52 B3-2213 Muhammad Nursid

Antioxidant Capacity of Dry Sea Cucumber Holothuria edulis, Pearsonothuria graeffei and Stichopus herrmanni from Boalemo Waters, Gorontalo Indonesia



11.05 – 11.13 B4-2214 Uju Effect of Alkaline-Ultrasonic Pretreatment on Solid Waste Agar Industry to Produce Bioethanol

ORAL PRESENTATION

20

ICCMBT 2021

Time (GMT +7)

ID Name Title

11.13 – 11.21 B4-2215 Prastyo Abi Widyananto

Aliphatic Polyester Biodegradation by Associated-Bacteria from Stony Coral in The Karimunjawa National Park

11.21 – 11.29 B4-2216 E H Frederick Bioprospection Study of Marine Yeast as Antimicrobial Agent, Bioremediation Agent, and Enzyme Producer

11.29 – 11.37 B4-2217 Yeti Darmayati Descriptive Study on Application of Bioremediation Strategies in Oil Contaminated Coastal of Pari Island



Mechanism of Presentation:

1. Participants can follow the event online via the zoom application with the following link:

Join Zoom Meeting: ipb.link/icmmbt3

2. The presenter is required to use the zoom ID Name as follows:

Number ID_Name of Presenter

Ex: A1-111_ Fitria Ulfah

Note: Number Based on Oral Presentation

3. The presenters will present the exposure material using the share screen feature

independently with an exposure time allocation of 8-10 minutes

4. Participants must turn off sound (mute audio) during the trial.

5. Q&A session will be given after the presentation is complete. Participants who want to

ask questions are allowed to open the audio when invited by the moderator and must

turn off the audio (mute) again after finishing asking.

6. The presenter must follow the course of the oral presentation until finish.

Note ID:

A = ICM

B = MBT

21

Marine Natural Products: from Sea to Market (Commerzialisation of Marine Natural Products)

Ulrike Lindequist

Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Germany

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

The marine habitat occupies a large part of our earth's surface. The organisms living in it are characterized by a high diversity, close communities and their adaptation to the special living conditions in the sea. One important adaptation mechanism is the production of biologically active secondary metabolites. In order to make them usable for humans without damaging nature, suitable cultivation, extraction and testing methods must be developed. Special problems arise in the case of organisms that cannot be cultivated, lacking knowledge about the actual producer, high toxicity, or due to the strict approval requirements especially for pharmaceutical products. Nevertheless, marine natural products and materials are increasingly succeeding in commercialization as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and foods. Some examples are presented. They include highly effective cytostatics like Eribulin mesylate®, a synthetic analogon of the natural compound halichondrine B from sponges, and Brentuximab Vedotin Adcetris®, a conjugate consisting of an antibody against CD30 on tumour cells, a linking molecule, and the highly toxic auristatine. Auristatine is an analogon of dolastatin 10, produced by cyanobacteria and first isolated from molluscs. Another example is the analgesic Ziconotide® from Conus snails. Today the peptide is produced on a synthetic way. The presentation also addresses the unique challenges of finding, harnessing, and approving new marine natural products. Open problems are presented and possible solutions identified.

ABSTRACT OF KEYNOTE SPEAKER

22

Seaweeds and its roles on health and immunity

Yumiko YOSHIE-STARK

Faculty of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, Izumino, Itakura, Gunma 374-0193,

Japan

Seaweeds are categorized in three major groups based on their dominant pigmentation: red,

brown, and green. They are utilized mainly in two ways; direct intake after boiling (e.g. as

soup or salad) or polysaccharide extraction (soluble dietary fibers). Red seaweeds are the

main source for the extraction of gelling agents such as agar, carrageenan and alginate.

Based on FAO-FISH STAT, 1,000-1,300 million tons wet weight of seaweeds are harvested

worldwide per year. Carrageenan, agar, and alginate are used as gelling agent in food

systems, and commercially available in dried form. Carrageenan and agar are important

cultivated seaweeds in Indonesia. Galactose and anhydrogalactose, agarose and

agaropectin are included in the building blocks of carrageenan and agar. They are including

sulfate/acidic groups on the sugar units. Various effects on intestinal health of these

polysaccharides from seaweeds were reported. These polysaccharides were resistant to

digestion, however they were fermented by gut microbiota then produce short-chain fatty acids

which stimulate immune response of the host (human). Immune response was affected by

intake of polysaccharides, and that response was also changed by sulfate contents, molecular

mass, and molecular structure. Recently modification of extraction method such as

microwave-assisted extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, and degradation of

polysaccharide to obtain oligosaccharide from carrageenan or agar were tried, and the

difference of immune response of seaweed-derived polysaccharides were evaluated by many

researchers

ABSTRACT OF INVITED SPEAKER

23

Blue Food: unlocking health, environmental and economic opportunities

Aileen Tan Shau Hwai

Centre For Marine & Coastal Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

To support the growth in population, demand for fish has increased tremendously compared to land based animal and nonanimal. In the effort of feeding the world, we may be pushing the Ocean Food to a limit. Ocean Food is not only from Fisheries but also from Mariculture and Fresh-water culture, and all these are considered as Aquatic Food. To implement sustainability, “Blue Food” maybe the answer. Blue Food coluld have a huge role to play in feeding the planet sustainably and healthily. The transition to sustainability through Blue Food requires collaboration across sectors and countries. An increase in blue food consumption is a key part of a healthy food future. Increasing the access and availability of blue food, notably nutrient-rich small fish, to more than 2 billion people, currently lacking key micronutrients in their diets, would help reverse the rising trend in global malnutrition, which provides significant social and economic benefits. Blue food provides smaller environmental footprint compared to terrestrial animal sourced foods. Blue food is still greatly under-utilized and under-researched as part of holistic food-based nutrition interventions – still opportunities to unlock. There is a need for greater alignment and collaboration across science, civil society, public and private sectors which will be essential factors in securing a thriving future for our blue planet, and its people. We need Blue Transformation for transformational fisheries management, sustainable aquaculture and updgrade and innovate fish value chains


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Governability of Coastal and Marine Resources in Indonesia – Double Shocking Effects toward the New Normal

Luky Adrianto

Associate Professor, Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences IPB University and Senior Researcher at Center for Coastal and Marine Resources Studies, IPB University *Corresponding author: [email protected]

It has been revealed that coastal and marine resources governance is facing double challenges in terms of its vulnerability and resilience. First, it is facing with climate changes which has been obviously clear in terms of their predicted impact to the living resources including marine ecosystems and fish stocks. Secondly, it is also facing the multi-temporal impact of pandemic Covid-18 which was begun at the end of 2019 and become an outbreak during 2020 till now. In this regard, the dynamic of policy actions to mitigate the externalities coming from those two shocks is also interesting to be discussed. This presentation aims to elaborate prospects and challenges of the Integrated Coastal Management in the perspective of governability. As Bavinck, et.al (2013) explored, this presentation will discuss the properties of system to governed and the types of governing interactions in the spirit of maintaining and increasing the quality of sustainable development of coastal and marine resources in Indonesia. Keywords: coastal and marine resources, governability, system to be governed, governing interactions, climate changes, pandemic Covid-19


25

Invasive species in Indonesian fishery and related socio-economic and environmental risks

Jiří Patoka

Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague – Suchdol, Czech Republic


Biological invasions cause huge environmental and socio-economic losses globally. In comparison with terrestrial environment, invasive species can spread in aquatic environment mostly unseen or overlooked by humans until reach high abundances. Moreover, various pathogens, parasites and symbionts are introduced and transmitted via these species. Indonesia covers three biodiversity hotspots with numerous endemic species. Since fishery activities are partly unlimited in this island country and legislative regulations are mostly ineffective, invasive species spread there easily. Their numbers are rising year by year with devastating impact on native biota. In case of freshwater species, among others, Australian crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus, North-American crayfish Procambarus clarkii, and South-American fishes Arapaima gigas, Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus and P. pardalis were recently recorded. Procambarus clarkii serves as a host and vector of non-native crayfish plague pathogen Aphanomyces astaci which is harmful for several decapod crustaceans. The most important pathways and vectors are: aquaculture for human consumption, ornamental aquaculture, and pest control. The intensive education of general public, conservationists, wildlife managers, policymakers and other stakeholders about related risks is crucial and strongly recommended. Acknowledgements: Supported by The Indonesian Crayfish Research Group, by Sulawesi Keepers, z. s., and by the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic within the project “DivLand” (SS02030018)


26

The poor situation of small-scale, artisanal fisheries in the Mediterranean Sea: what is the lesson to learn?

Josep Lloret

Director of the Sea Health research group and the Oceans & Human Health Chair University of Girona, Catalonia, Spain


Small-scale, artisanal fisheries (SSF) (in the Mediterranean usually considered as vessels < 12 m length, with 1-3 people onboard, fishing close to the shore and using mostly passive fishing gears) have represented important socioeconomic activities in the Mediterranean since centuries. Currently they undergoing a number of important changes. From the biological standpoint, the use of fishing gears that actively select certain vulnerable species and the deployment and loss of fishing gears on certain fragile habitats threaten the sustainability of these fisheries and pose a major threat for the coastal biodiversity that should not be neglected. On the other hand, there is an increasing competition between SSF and (i) recreational fisheries, particularly for vulnerable species, (ii) semi-industrial fisheries (trawlers and purse seiners) for many exploited species and (iii) scuba diving and other tourism activities such as leisure boating, for the space (fishing areas rich in fish is also where leisure boating and scuba diving takes place). This is particularly evident in marine protected areas (MPAs), where maritime tourism activities are increasing (particularly after the COVÏD-19 pandemics), when more people are willing to visit pristine/beautiful areas such as MPAs. In this context, SSF are decreasing in many Mediterranean coastal areas while recreational fisheries and coastal tourism is increasing. Fishers face a poor future with overfishing and climate change affecting severely the abundance of Mediterranean fishery resources. The policy makers in Catalonia (Spain) have reacted with the establishment of co-management working groups made of artisanal fishers, fishery and MPA managers, scientists and environmental NGOs to try to find solutions for this poor situation, attempting to implement new regulations to reduce fishing effort and increase the closed areas to fishing. At the same time, however, other emerging activities that can affect fish stocks remain largely unregulated, for example high speed vessels, jet skis and megayachts (all related to tourism), whereas other activities that can severely impact on coastal fish stocks such as marine pollution or projected offshore wind parks (with consequences on biodiversity) are on the rise. The cumulative effects of all these activities are expected to affect coastal fish stocks and marine biodiversity in an unprecedented way, posing also at risk SSF and seafood supply. Furthermore, SSF regulations in the Mediterranean are not harmonized; large differences exist among countries making difficult the implementation of an ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management in the Mediterranean.


27

International Conference

3rd Integrated Coastal Management and Marine Biotechnology

(3rd ICMMBT) 2021

ABSTRACT OF ORAL PRESENTERS

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ICCMBT 2021

Mapping Protected Animals Based on Community Local Knowledge at Marine Protected Area Datok Bandar, Lingga Regency, Riau Islands Province

F Ulfah1*, F Lestari2, D Apdillah3, T S Razai4, F Idris3, I Karlina3, T Febrianto3

1Social Economic of Fisheries Department, Marine Science and Fisheries Faculty, Maritime Raja Ali Haji University, Jalan Raya Dompak Tanjungpinang, Kepulauan Riau, Indonesia 2Aquatic Resource Management Department, Marine Science and Fisheries Faculty, Maritime Raja Ali Haji University, Jalan Raya Dompak Tanjungpinang, Kepulauan Riau, Indonesia 3Marine Science Management Department, Marine Science and Fisheries Faculty, Maritime Raja Ali Haji University, Jalan Raya Dompak Tanjungpinang, Kepulauan Riau, Indonesia 4Aquaculture Department, Marine Science and Fisheries Faculty, Maritime Raja Ali Haji University, Jalan Raya Dompak Tanjungpinang, Kepulauan Riau, Indonesia.


Datok Bandar is one of the marine protected areas in Riau Islands Province, which is the habitat for several vulnerable animals. This study aims to map the existence of these animals based on local ecological knowledge. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative through in-depth interviews and focus group discussion with local communities at Marine Protected Area Datok Bandar, Lingga Regency. The results obtained revealed that local communities had seen the vulnerable animals in the waters of the Lingga Regency. The local communities also can pinpoint the existence of these animals on the map. The result of the study also mapped the distribution of the use of fishing gear in the Datok Bandar. The result of this study could use to developing conservation strategies in marine protected areas to protect vulnerable animals and their habitats. Keywords: Marine Protected Area; Vulnerable Animal; Local Knowledge; Lingga Regency

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No-Take Zone Decisive of Marine Conservation Area in Southeast Sulawesi using Marxan

C Wijayantoa1, F Yuliandab2, Z Imran3

1Graduate School of Coastal and Marine Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia. 2Lecturer of Coastal and Marine Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia.

*Corresponding author: [email protected].

The Southeast Sulawesi Marine Conservation Area is one of the marines protected areas, namely Aquatic Tourism Park type, appointed by The Governor’s decree of Southeast Sulawesi Number 98 the Year 2016. This area is located in The Konawe Regency, Kendari City and The South Konawe Regency with 21,785.14 hectares. This area was still in initiation, so it has not marine spatial planning. This study aims to formulate and determine the no-take zone. Marxan was used to assign the no-take zone and solve the marine spatial planning and utilization conflict. Three scenarios were used to analyze the critical habitat of level protection at 30%, 50%, and combinations. These results described that scenario A has 751 ha, scenario B has 1008 ha, and combinations scenario have 1498 ha. The no-take zone area is under 1 % of the total area conservation. So, all scenarios do not qualify the criteria required by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Besides, all scenarios have qualified the thirty percents of critical habitat protection. Managers and stakeholders could use these findings to decide the no-take zone, spatial planning, and sustainable developments.

Keywords: Critical Habitat; Marine Protected Area; Marine Spatial Planning; No-Take Zone Area;

Southeast Sulawesi

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ICCMBT 2021

Rapid Resource and Marine Protected Area Effectiveness Assessment in Tubajon, Laguindingan, Misamis Oriental, Philippines

R C Gonzales1*, W H Uy1, V E Leopardas1, R A Abrea1, E P Moleno2, E V Ruiz3, D M Calimot4, F Bagayna1, A D Pantallano5, M L Magcanta3, M Mortos3, G Ambato6, F Cabactulan1

1College of Science and Environment, Mindanao State University Naawan 9023 Naawan, Misamis Oriental, Philippines 2Extension Division, Mindanao State University Naawan 9023 Naawan, Misamis Oriental, Philippines 3Research Division, Mindanao State University Naawan 9023 Naawan, Misamis Oriental, Philippines 4College of Business Administration and Accountancy, Mindanao State University Naawan 9023 Naawan, Misamis Oriental, Philippines 5School of Marine Fisheries and Technology, Mindanao State University Naawan 9023 Naawan, Misamis Oriental, Philippines 6College of Education and Social Sciences, Mindanao State University Naawan 9023 Naawan, Misamis Oriental, Philippines


The sustainability of coastal and marine resources has always been the ultimate goal of all sectors for the past several decades worldwide. Among the strategies implemented, the establishment of marine protected area has proven to be effective depending on the level of management. In the Philippines, a number of marine protected areas have been established with different levels of management implementation. Among these marine protected areas, the MPA in Tubajon, Laguindingan, Misamis Oriental was initiated by the Tubajon Barangay Council with technical assistance from the local government unit of Laguindingan, Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, Department of Environment and Natural Resources and the Macajalar Bay Development Alliance (MBDA) was established in 2002 by virtue of Municipal Ordinance 94. It has a 22-ha area covering mangrove, seagrass and coral reef ecosystems with a no-take-zone policy at the heart of the MPA. The first assessment of the MPA was conducted in 2008 by MBDA. The area was revisited in 2010-2012 by the Coastal Ecosystem Conservation and Adaptive Management (CECAM) project (Fortes and Nadaoka, 2015). Several studies have been conducted also in the area by the students from Xavier University and MSU Naawan for their undergraduate and graduate thesis covering a variety of commodities. With the booming tourism and industrialization activities in Laguindingan, there is a need to assess the status of the MPA, including its effectiveness, which was the concern of the Office of the Municipal Mayor of Laguindingan, through the Office of the Municipal Agriculturist headed by Mr. Diosdado G. Ayson. Barangay Tubajon is endowed with extensive seagrass beds and mangroves serving as habitat for a wide diversity of flora and fauna, providing an excellent field laboratory for many schools in the region. The assessment specifically focused on (i) seagrass structures and their invertebrate and fish associates from seagrass beds planted with mangroves towards seagrass-corals habitat (ii) corals, reef fishes, benthic life forms, and (iv) effectiveness of the MPA management. The species richness and abundance of macrobenthic invertebrates and fish associated with the seagrass beds of Tubajon MPA, Laguindingan, Misamis Oriental was assessed in permanent plots on October 16, 2018 using a combination of methods following the JST-JICA “Coastal Ecosystem Conservation and Adaptive Management” CECAM Project permanent stations: seagrass beds associated with planted mangroves (Seagrass-Mangrove), pure seagrass beds (Seagrass), and seagrass beds associated with corals (Seagrass-Coral) (Fortes and Nadaoka, 2015). A total of six species of seagrasses were recorded

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dominated by the dugong grass, Thalassia hemprichii, followed by Halodule uninervis and Enhalus acoroides (tropical eelgrass). Seagrass cover ranged from 37.9-71.2%, while seagrass density ranged from 114-418 shoots/m2. A total of 14 species of macrobenthic invertebrates were recorded in Tubajon MPA. Some species also showed habitat preference; Conomurex luhuanus, locally called liswi, was observed abundant in seagrass beds associated with corals; cowry shell Monetaria sp. (sigay) attached mostly on seagrass blades; and upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea sp. was observed in seagrass beds planted with mangroves. Indirect comparisons or analysis of the results to other reports in Tubajon MPA showed that microbenthic invertebrates are highly dependent on the above-ground habitat complexity and that some populations, such as urchins area already showing a decline. A total of 17 fish species in nine families were documented inside the seagrass beds of the MPA. The Labrids and Pomacentrids are the most common group, followed by the Siganids. Different patterns of fish distribution was observed across habitat type. Fish associated with the seagrass beds are generally small sized, while larger fish were observed in the seagrass-coral transition zone Coral reef and reef assessment were conducted adopting the Coral Reef Targeted Research (CRTR) protocol (van Woesik et al., 2009) and day time Fish Visual Census (English et al., 1997) with modification. Results obtained 55.95% live coral cover to indicate Category A hard coral cover (HCC) (Licuanan et al. 2017) or Good coral cover (Gomez et al. 1981). Reef fish status may be categorized as “moderate” (Alino and Dantis, 1999 and Hilomen et al., 2000) in fish species richness (64 species from 16 fish families), abundance (2110 fish per 1000m2) (Aliño and Dantis, 1999; Hilomen et al., (2000) and “very high” in biomass i.e., 66 Kg/1000m2 (Alino and Dantis, 1999 and Hilomen et al., 2000). The effectiveness of the Tubajon Marine Protected Area was assessed using the Management Effectiveness Assessment Tool (MEAT). Fishers interviewed claimed that everyone is aware of the existence of the Tubajon MPA. Fishers also claimed that generally, there is an increase in the catch and fishers and non-fishers benefited from it. Illegal fishing also decreased drastically. They also reported that the MPA management group is functional and that the MPA can be sustained, especially when the leaders possess strong political will to strictly implement the rules and laws governing the MPA. All participants expressed support to continuing MPA efforts. They thought that MPA’s biggest threat is the leadership (political intervention). Issues mentioned included increase in honorarium for (MPA watchers/guards) and the disappearance of sea urchins. Results of MPA MEAT showed that Tubajon MPA is excellently and effectively managed (Level 2). For the participants, the MPA is a prominent feature of the Tubajon coastline. It helped the people in the community, fishers and non-fishers alike. Finally, it has been found that IEC is conducted regularly (quarterly). The assessment of the MPA in Tubajon, Laguindingan, Misamis Oriental yielded interesting and challenging results affecting it sustainability. The following recommendations are highly endorsed to attain the ultimate goal of its existence which is protection of critical habitats, species and ecological functions for the benefit of the current and future generations: Continue the strict enforcement of laws and rules governing the MPA to protect the 55% live coral cover and very high biomass of reef fishes, moderate reef fish species richness and abundance. Develop and innovate IEC initiatives to spread the good news and benefits of having a well-manage MPA covering the mangrove, seagrass and coral reef ecosystems; Further studies to address the declining population of edible sea urchins and liswi, as well as the declining size and abundance of aninikad; Long term monitoring is needed for Tubajon MPA to establish or detect ecological patterns from large data sets directly or indirectly covering broad-scale aspects (e.g.,hydrology, monsoon, larval dispersal, coastal area urbanization) through time; Expansion of Tubajon MPA area to cover more zones for protection; Implement initiatives for the MPA to move up from level 2 to level 4, particularly on incentive system, income generation; annual monitoring and evaluation of the management body, sustainable financing, and implementation of ecological and socioeconomic impact assessment.

Keywords:

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ICCMBT 2021

IUCN Adaptive Modification Effectiveness Tracking Tool (IAME): An idea for integrating guidelines for assessment of the management effectiveness of Marine Protected Areas in Indonesia

A N Magfiroh1*, Z Zairion1,2, F Yulianda2, and F Kurniawan1,2

1Center for Coastal and Marine Resources Studies (PKSPL), IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Baranangsiang Campus of IPB, Jl. Raya Pajajaran, Bogor 16143. 2Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Jl. Agatis, IPB Dramaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia.


Marine protected areas (MPA) in Indonesia is authorised under the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, and the Local Government. However, management tools seem to be different. With such as condition, it is necessary to integrate guidelines for assessing the effectiveness of the MPA management. The paper aims to improve guidelines on the effectiveness of MPA management. The methods used in this study were: (1) analysis of the METT (guideline from Ministry of Environment and Forestry, E-KKP3K (guideline from Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries), COREMAP II – LIPI (guideline from COREMAP and LIPI) and IUCN Programme on Protected Areas (Pomeroy et al. 2004), which were carried out qualitatively-quantitatively, (2) Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) analysis was used to determine the priority level of the element of effectiveness assessment from the modified processing results of the IUCN Program on MPA; (3) Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) analysed to determine the sustainability status of each element produced by ISM. The results show that the METT, E-KKP3K, COREMAP II – LIPI and IUCN Programme on Protected Areas (Pomeroy et al. 2004) need improvement. The IUCN Adaptive Modification Effectiveness Tracking Tool (IAME) guideline was made with an ecological sustainability index was 99.28%. In comparison, socio-economic and institutional sustainability indexes were 97.13% and 88.88%, respectively. The results of the sustainability index show that the ecological aspect was the factor that most determines the effectiveness of MPA management. Therefore, IAME can serve as a guideline for the effectiveness of adaptive and sustainable MPA management.

Keywords: Adaptive; Conservation; Government; Integration; Sustainable

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ICCMBT 2021

Seagrass, dugong, and people: Lessons learned from community-based conservation in Tolitoli Regency, Sulawesi Tengah, Indonesia

C Amany1*, M M Kamal1, F Kurniawan1,2

1Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Bogor, Indonesia 2Center for Coastal and Marine Resources Studies, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Bogor, Indonesia


Dugong (Dugong dugon) is a protected mammal in Indonesia. Hunting for dugongs is still very high, so that the status of this animal is threatened, one of which is in Tolitoli Regency, Central Sulawesi. Hence, conservation efforts need to be carried out, both species and habitat area. Based on observation and interviews, dugong conservation in Tolitoli Regency was community-based habitat management. Kelompok Masyarakat Pengawas or Monitoring Community Group (Pokmaswas) was a form of community-based management in charge of maintaining, protecting, and preserving the existence of dugong and seagrass protection. From a community perspective, significant indicators in the management of dugong habitats were community awareness, seagrass percentage, and management quality. There was 11 kind of seagrass species have been identified in Tolitoli Regency. Seagrass conditions in all three villages were characterized by less than 60% of seagrass cover, especially seagrass that was close to the shoreline. The appearance of dugongs is based not only on good seagrass conditions but also on sea conditions and ship traffic.

Keywords: Dugong; Indicators; Management; Seagrass.

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ICCMBT 2021

Assessment of Marine Debris in seagrass Beds of Pramuka Island, Kepulauan Seribu

N Rasyid1*, D G Bengen1 and B Subhan1

1 Department of Marine Science and Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Jl. Agatis Darmaga Bogor, Bogor 16680, Indonesia


Pramuka Island is the centre of district goverment of Kepulauan Seribu with high dense population and become a tourist destination. High anthropogenic activities from locals and tourists can produce large quantities of marine debris and impacting seagrass ecosystem. This research aimed to identify marine debris in the habitat of seagrass beds Pramuka Island. Large surveys include the observations of seagrass community structures, the measurment of chemical and physical parameters of the water, and marine debris inventory at 3 stations in Pramuka Island. From the observed location we found 6 seagrass spesies, namely, Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea serrulata, Cymodocea rotundata, Halophila ovalis and Syringodium isoetifolium with coverage ranged from 1.67-47.32% while the density 28-112.76 ind/m2. Marine debris can be classified into 6 types: plastic, metal, rubber, glass, organic matter and others. The weight of marine debris for each type ranges from 0.03–2.38 kg. In addition, microplastic found consisted of fiber, film and fragment with unit weighted of 20–440 particles/kg. In conclusion, marine debris observed seagrass beds of Pramuka Island were dominated by microplastic fibers associated with monospesific beds of Thalassia hemprichii, while mixed beds of Enhalus acoroides and Cymodocea rotundata were associated with microplastic film and fragments.

Keywords: Pramuka Island; marine debris; seagrass; microplastics; seagrass beds

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ICCMBT 2021

Community perception of seagrass restoration on Pari Island, Seribu Islands Regency

N D M Sjafrie1, F Zulfikar1, Triyono1, S Rahmawati1, U E Hermawan1

1Pusat Penelitian Oseanografi LIPI, Jl Pasir Putih I, Ancol Timur, Jakarta Utara


Pari Island is one of the islands located in the Seribu Islands Regency. Seagrasses on this island are scattered almost around the island. However, development on this island is overgrowing, so there is a decrease in the seagrass area. This study aims to determine the community's perception of the possibility of seagrass restoration on the island. Data collection was conducted in May 2021 through a questionnaire. Respondents were defined purposively, namely the local people of Pari Island. The number of respondents was 104 people consisting of fishers, tourism actors, housewife, and entrepreneurs. The results showed that, in general, people in Pari Island know the existence of seagrass (99.04%), understand the functions and benefits of seagrass (100%), and use the biota that lives in the seagrass ecosystem for their lives, namely as household food needs. Almost all respondents agreed with the seagrass restoration in Pari Island (96.15%) and voluntarily participated in restoration activities (91.35%). A total of 90.38% of respondents agree that there is a regulation on protecting seagrass beds and say that restoration efforts must involve local communities, Non-Government organizations (NGOs), Research Institutes or Universities, and the Government. Our finding shows that the local community in Pari Island has a deep concern for seagrass restoration.

Keywords: Seagrass Ecosystem; Community Perception; Restoration; Pari Island

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ICCMBT 2021

Seagrass rehabilitation in Thousand Islands, Jakarta: step to restore

R F Darus1*, S B Agus1, F Kurniawan2,3, Juraij4, and T Subarno5

1Department of Marine Science and Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Jl. Agatis, Darmaga Bogor, Bogor 16680, Indonesia 2Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Jl. Agatis, Darmaga Bogor, Bogor 16680, Indonesia 3Center for Coastal and Marine Resources Studies, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia 4Indonesian Seagrass Foundation, Jl. Amonia F–10, Beji Timur, Depok 16422, Indonesia 5Rare Kendari-Indonesia, Jl. Sao-Sao, BTN 1 blok H6, Bende Kadia, Kendari 93117, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia


Seagrass plays an important role in coastal areas with ecological functions such as marine habitat, sediment trap, sediment stabilizer, filtering nutrients, and reducing current velocity. Fisheries and tourism are the seagrass ecosystem services that are the main community livelihood in Thousand Island. However, seagrass status has decreased in the last decade, influenced by coastal development, mass tourism, and climate change. This study aims to assess the seagrass status and identify the threat in the last decade. Seagrass coverage was assessed in 2007 and 2018 using plot transect. The seagrass threats were documented in the field and collected from research articles, manuscripts, proceedings, and unpublished reports. Seagrass coverage has significantly decreased. Pollution, reclamation, boat activities, mass tourism, coastal development, sea surface temperature, and biotic factor (macroalgae and epiphyte coverage) are seagrass threats. The threats impact seagrass conditions, such as species diversity, area, and ecosystem services. Rehabilitation is needed to recover seagrass conditions using introduce or non-introduce technique. These findings recommend that managers should arrange the seagrass rehabilitation action plan to minimize seagrass degradation.

Keywords: Coastal Development; Climate Changes; Rehabilitation; Seagrass; Thousand

Islands

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ICCMBT 2021

Feasibility and carrying capacity analysis of beach recreation tourism in Cianjur West java

P P Kelana1, W Pamungkas2*, M N Arkham1

1Dumai of Marine and Fisheries Polytechnic, Jl. Wan Amir No 1, Pangkalan Sesai, Dumai Barat, Dumai, 28826, Indonesia 2Faculty of fisheries and marine science Padjadjaran University, Indonesia


The southern part of Cianjur West Java which borders the Indian Ocean, has the potential to be used as a beach recreation tourism object. This research was conducted to analyze the feasibility and carrying capacity of coastal recreational tourism. Survey method is used for data collection. The parameters observe were physical appearance of the beach, dangerous biota, supporting facilities and infrastructure. Data processing performed to calculate the value of the beach recreation tourism feasibility Index in order to determine the category of tourism feasibility and calculate the carryng capacity of the tourism area. Based on the result of this research, the percentage value of the feasibility of 6 beaches ranges from 42.59% -76.85%. Jayanti Beach and Batu Kukumbung beach is categorized as very suitable, Cilaki Beach, Ciwidig Beach and Apra Beach is categorized as quite suitable, while Tipar Sunrise Beach is categorized as conditional. The carrying capacity of the smallest beach recreation tourism object is Batu Kukumbung beach with 374 people/day, while the largest is the Tipar Sunlight Beach with 13705 people/day.

Keywords: Beach tourism, carrying capacity, Cianjur, feasibility

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ICCMBT 2021

Analysis Of Suitability And Carring Capacity Ecotourism Of Manta Ray (Mobula Spp.) In Marine Protected Area Nusa Penida

M A Ni’matulloh1*, F Yulianda2 and Z Imran3

1Sekolah Pascasarjana Program Studi Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Pesisir dan Lautan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan (FPIK)-Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB), Bogor 2Departemen Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan (FPIK)- Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB), Bogor


Nusa Penida marine protected area has a lot of biodiversity resources that become the main attraction for tourists both local and foreign, one of which is the existence of manta rays in nusa penida. It takes efforts to examine the main attraction of marine tourism. The purpose of this study is to analyze the suitability and support capacity of manta rays ecotourism in nusa penida with the method developed by Yulianda (2019) then made modifications according to its designation and know the level of understanding of tourists who come to nusa penida with questionnaire methods. The results showed that 227.2 hectares is suitable and suitable for diving activities and 63.18 hectares for snorkeling activities with a tourism capacity of 9,088 people/day for diving and 2,527 people/day for snorkeling. A total of 26.67% of tourists understand and know about how to interact with manta rays. Diving and snorkeling activities are still carried out at the location of manta bay and manta point, there are still many locations that have not been used as a place to interact with manta rays. Keywords: MPA Nusa Penida; Marine Tourism; Tourist; Diving; Snorkeling.

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ICCMBT 2021

Study Of Carrying Capacity for Marine Tourism Recovery In COVID-19 Pandemic New Normal Adaptation Period (Case Study: Derawan Island, Berau, East Kalimantan)

O R Simarangkir1, F Tawang2, Irwan1, P B Utami3, Ricky4, Nani5, and T Kodiran6

1Study Program of Marine Science, East Kutai School of Agriculture, Indonesia 2Mobula Project Indonesia, Indonesia 3Study Program of Aquatic Resource Management, Tanjungpura University, Indonesia 4Department of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia 5Center of Management for Coastal and Marine Resources Pontianak, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Indonesia 6Study Program of Aquatic Resource Management, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia


The COVID-19 pandemic has forced all sectors to adapt to new habits including the tourism sector. The implementation of environmental sustainability on the CHSE protocol, in line with the concept of marine ecotourism. This study aims to examine the carrying capacity of a particular area, especially marine tourism areas used for diving and snorkelling. Thus, the results can be used in management of marine tourism in the new normal period. The method used is carrying capacity marine tourism formula and descriptive. The study of area carrying capacity was carried out at six diving tourism and five snorkelling tourism sites that are scattered in the waters of Derawan Island. The carrying capacity of diving was 1,611 people/day with an area of 402,704.29 m2 and the carrying capacity of snorkelling was 1,126 people/day with an area of 281,453.29 m2. Based on the recommendation of the Government of Indonesia, namely tourist visitor restriction by 50% during the new normal period meaning the carrying capacity applied is 806 people/day for diving areas and 563 people/day for snorkelling areas. The utilization of marine tourism on Derawan Island is still in sustainable use because the number of tourist visits is smaller than the carrying capacity..

Keywords: CHSE; Derawan; diving; marine ecotourism; snorkelling

A3-1111

40

ICCMBT 2021

The Economic Marine Tourism Based on Cleanliness Health Safety and Environment (CHSE) Protocol as Covid-19 Outbreak Responses at Derawan Island, Indonesia

P B Utami1,2*, D Parluhutan3, K Taryono4, Auliansyah5, O Raya6, Ricky7, Nani8

1Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanjungpura University, Prof Hadari Nawawi St, West Kalimantan, Indonesia 2Department of Tropical Marine Economic, Faculty of Economic and Management, IPB University, Agatis St, West Java, Indonesia 3Directorate General of Marine Space Management, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fishery, Medan Merdeka Timur St, Jakarta, Indonesia 4Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science IPB University, Agatis St, West Java, Indonesia 5Departemen of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Mulawarman University, Kuaro St. East Kalimantan, Indonesia 6Department of Oceanography, East Kutai Agricultural College School, Soekarno Hatta St, East Kalimantan, Indonesia 7Center of Management for Coastal and Marine Resource Pontianak, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fishery, Husein Hamzah St, West Kalimantan, Indonesia 8Department of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of East Kalimantan Province, Kusuma Bangsa St, East Kalimantan, Indonesia


Popular tourism activities at Derawan Island are snorkeling and diving. The covid-19 outbreak led these activities down and reduced visitors and income for restaurant, lodging, and diving center business units. The Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy of Indonesia (KEMENPAREKRAFT) issued a new regulation to suppress the adverse impact of pandemic specifically design for New Normal Tourism with CHSE. They created new trouble in business units' cash flow. It requires financial incentives and stimuli for its stability. This study assessed the tourists' WTP, evaluation using the CVM, which covered the cash flow with three schemes. The value of the WTP substituted to financial analysis and looked at the number of BEP. WTP value for each person was US$ 2.92, or about US$ 186,692.08 - 282,705.15 in a year. If the cash flow did not reach the BEP, it would have proposed the financial stimuli to be submitted to related stakeholders. The restaurant was the most business unit that needed several financial stimuli. Restaurants faced difficulties to reach BEP in three schemes, and they needed around US$ 166,896.55 - 242,206.90 in a year for over 20 restaurants.

Keywords: New Normal Tourism; Indonesia Economic Recovery.

A3-1112

41

ICCMBT 2021

Climate changes impacts towards sedimentation rate at the shipwreck diving tourist site in Mandeh Bay - Pesisir Selatan Regency

D Hermon1,4*, M Gusman2,4, I Dewata3,4, and A Putra4

1Study Program in Geography, Universitas Negeri Padang – Indonesia 2Study Program in Mining Engineering, Universitas Negeri Padang – Indonesia 3Study Program in Chemistry, Universitas Negeri Padang – Indonesia 4Doctoral Program in Environmental Science, Universitas Negeri Padang – Indonesia


Sufficiently high sediment deposit at the shipwreck diving tourism site (MV Boelongan Nederland) in Mandeh Bay - Pesisir Selatan Regency has resulted in significant changes in the physical environment at the location and may affect the existence of the sinking ship. This can be studied further to determine the speed of the sedimentation rate, how long the remains of the sinking ship will be buried by sediment from the river flow. The analysis method regarding the sedimentation rate is carried out based on data from sediment trap that have been installed at the location of the sinking ship and the river estuary. Based on the sedimentation rate measurement data from the sediment trap, it was found that the sedimentation rate in the coastal waters of Mandeh Bay adjacent to the location of the sinking ship was 272.82g.m-2.day-1. There is a close relationship between the sediment supply of the Pinang River and the Nyalo River, as well as the current acting on the sediment that affects the sedimentation rate at the location of the sinking ship, especially during the east season. With the condition of the Mandeh Bay waters being semi-closed from open water, it is suspected that the sediment contributed from these rivers is mostly trapped and settled in these water areas. The relatively small current mixing/turbulence factor still makes the surrounding waters turbid, especially from very fine floating sediments, in addition to human/fishermen activities, the cultivation of floating net cages also contributes to the declining physical quality of the waters. Keywords: Climate Changes; Sedimentation; Shipwreck; Tourist; Mandeh Bay

A1-211

42

ICCMBT 2021

Layout The Coral disease and Compromise Health Abundance in Sabu Rajua Waters, East Nusa Tenggara

O Johan1, Idris2

1Reseach Institute for Ornamental Fish Culture. Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Jl. Perikanan, No. 13, Pancoran Mas, Depok 16436, Indonesia. 2The Indonesian Coral Reefs Foundation. Depok, 16438, Indonesia


Coral die-offs can be caused by several factors, one of which is the infectious coral disease. Currently, limited data and information are available regarding coral diseases in Indonesia. Such condition has resulted in a relatively poor understanding of the extent and distribution of coral diseases in Indonesia’s reef ecosystem. The purpose of this research was to investigate the types and abundance of coral disease as well as determine the overall health condition of infected coral reefs. The research was carried out in 12 sites in the waters around Sabu Raijua waters, which belong to several zonation areas in Sawu Marine National Park. This study found that the areas’ coral health conditions varied from bad to poor. The study also successfully identified 8 coral diseases and 9 compromise health in the sites with varying degrees of infection and distribution. The identified coral diseases were black band disease, white syndrome, Atromentous Necrosis, Focal Bleaching, Bleaching, Brown Band Disease, Skeleton Eroding Band, and tumor with an abundance from 0.02 to 0.12 col/m2. The compromised health was found up normal growth, Crown of thorn, bore organism, sponge, calcareous algae, soft coral, fungi, Drupella, Coralliophilla, Macroalgae, Filamentous algae, fish bite and pigmentation with its abundance from 0.02 to 0.33 col/m2. This study concludes that the level of coral disease abundance in the area can be classified as low. However, a regular survey has to be carried out in the area to monitor the progress and distribution of the coral diseases and measure their future impacts on the coral reef ecosystem of the national park.

Keywords: Coral Disease; Compromise Health; Coral Condition; Tumor

A1-212

43

ICCMBT 2021

The Impact of Manta Mae Pinishi Ship Grounding at Gili Lawa Darat Marine National Park of Komodo, West Manggarai, East Nusa Tenggara

O Johan1, Idris2, Fakhrurrozi2, O Sianipar3

1Research Institute for Ornamental Fish Culture, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Depok, 16436, Indonesia 2The Indonesian Coral Reef Foundation-Depok 16438, Indonesia 3Directorate of Environmental Dispute Settlement Outside the Courts-Ministry Environment and Forestry, Jakarta, Indonesia

*Corresponding author: [email protected]; [email protected]

Indonesia is an archipelagic country that has widely coral reefs with various functions as fisheries sources and tourism benefits. Coral reefs are very vulnerable to various threats, such as ship grounding which happened in several areas in Indonesia. The survey was carried on 3-8 August 2018 in Gili Lawa Darat. The measurement of the extent of damage to coral reef ecosystems uses the irregular polygon method while the level of damage and its impact is measured using the underwater photo transect (UPT) method. The sinking of the Pinishi Manta Mae ship has caused massive damage to coral reefs with an area of 46.89 m2. Types of damage in the form of the coral split, broken and shifted. The ship grounding caused the coral colonies to be uprooted and blew from the substrate, destruction of coral skeletons, lifting, and displacement of sediment. These injured colonies became stress and died after several weeks. Coral condition at the control area that outside of damage area found 35.13% (bad condition), whereas condition on the damaged area as the impact of ship grounding as 14% in trajectory zone. The degradation of coral reef ecosystems can affect and reduce the value of the functions and benefits of these ecosystems both ecologically and economically. The ship owner has to do the rehabilitation of the damaged area as a result of the negotiation.

Keywords: Affected; Coral Coverage; Irregular Polygon Method; Massive Damage; Trajectory

Zone

A1-213

44

ICCMBT 2021

The Impact of MT Alex Grounding on a Patch Reef 'Gosong Panjang' in the Waters of Manggar, Bangka-Belitung Province

Idris1, Fakhrurrozi1,J R P Daud2 And O Sianipar3

1Division of Resources Management, Coral Reef Foundation of Indonesia, Depok 16438 Indonesia 2Center for Marine Conservation Technology, Conservation Laboratory, Manado State Polytechnic 95252 Indonesia 3Directorate of Out-of-court Environmental Dispute Resolution-Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Jakarta, Indonesia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

The ship's ran aground on coral reefs often result in severe physical and biological damage, including the removal and crushing of corals from reefs (dislodging), the destruction of coral skeletons (pulverization), the erosion and removal of sedimentary calcium carbonate, and the loss of three-dimensional complexity. They range from relatively small coral injury to overall degradation of coral reef structure complexity. Moreover, this event occurred in the patch reef was far away from the nearest land, located in the waters of Manggar – Bangka-Belitung Province with a distance of ± 65 nautical miles from the city of Manggar. The ship ground has caused damage to the marine environment especially the patch reef „gosong panjang‟ at the location. The Fishbone method with the transect gauge is used to measure the extent of the affected area in each zone and underwater photo transect to measure the level of coral reef damaged. Total extent of affected area of each zone taking into account the survival of corals ie 10.177 square meter.Hard coral cover condition in the affected (indirect) area of 7.7 percent goes to the criteria of serious damage or 'poor'. Hard coral species (scleractian) was affected in location were 43 species and 21 species are listed as red IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) with vulnerable status and near threatened.

Keywords: Coral Reefs; Impact And Unimpact Zone; Coral Coverage; Coral Diversity; Type

Of Damage; Damage Zone; Damage Area

A1-214

45

ICCMBT 2021

Perspective of high coral growth rate on artificial reefs: what is causing enhancement of coral growth rate on Nyamuk Island, Anambas?

B Prabowo1*, N Rikardi1, M A Setiawan2, P Santoso3, D Arafat3, B Subhan3, and A Afandy1

1Centre for Coastal and Marine Resources Studies (PKSPL-IPB), IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia. 2Anambas Marine and Fisheries Agency, Anambas, Indonesia. 3Department of Marine Science and Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.


Coral growth rate affected by several ecological condition which could lead to enhancment or decelartion. Good marine habitat and water condition would escalate coral fragment growth rate on rehabilitation sites. This study was assessed to determined coral growth rate which transplanted on artificial reef-building for rehabilitation purposed and indicated main driving factors that lead to enhancment of coral growth rate at Nyamuk Island, Anambas. Benthic communities, coral length, and coral growth rate compared through year. Analysis of variances (ANOVA) and Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to indicated differences between variable and analyse driving factors of coral growth rate. Hard coral and sand coverage increasing during observation, besides dead coral with algae, other fauna, and silt decreasing. Acropora and Porites were the most abundant corals on sites. Even yearly observation showed fluctuation coverage of both coral genera. Coral length based indicated constant escalation, however coral growth yearly showed fluctuation with peak growth on 2014 to 2015. PCA exhibited hard coral, dead coral with algae, sponge, and sand played important roll on supporting coral growth on rehabilitation at Anambas. Development of coral ecosystem rehabilitation on Anambas was closely related to other coastal ecosystem which surround the rehabilitation area. Available niche for other marine faunas which built by artificial reef-building could support to preserve the coral fragments. Acquisitions of hard coral by coral fragments could supported by good coverage of natural hard coral coverage in habitat. herbivorous could be one factor that could supported recent coral reefs. Keywords: Artificial Reef-Building; Benthic Communities; Coral Growth Rate; Marine Habitat Condition

A2-215

46

ICCMBT 2021

Diversity of Reef Fish on Lembeh Island as an Indicator of The Coral Reef Health Condition

Nurdyana P M D, Idris and Nugroho S W

1The Indonesian Coral Reef Foundation-Depok 16438, Indonesia


Lembeh Strait, North Sulawesi is one of the areas that is included in the world's coral triangle and has an important role in distributing and maintaining a lot of marine life. High diversity indicates that the ecosystem is more resilient to disturbance. Coral reef structures provide a habitat for reef fish. Herbivorous and invertivorous fish were an important role in ecosystem components to determine the direction of coral reef succession. Restoration of coral reef ecosystems depends on its complexity as a habitat. The purpose of this study is to examine the health of coral reefs based on the presence of reef fish. Observations were made from 16 – 19 January 2019 at an average depth of 7 m, with a total of 22 observation points. Observation of reef fish communities using the underwater visual census (UVC) method with a belt transect as a benchmark in an area of 50 x 5 m. At the observation site, it was found that there were 263 species of reef fish. The dominant composition and proportion based on biomass are omnivorous fish (61.67%), Carnivores (4.73 %), Herbivores (15.85 %), Planktivores (15.66%), and Coralivores (2.09%). The species Hemiglyphidodon plagiometopon was the most abundant reef fish. The resilience of coral reefs based on the presence of reef fish has a high value on the parameters of abundance of herbivorous fish, taxonomic diversity and abundance of live reef fish on live coral.

Keywords: Reef Fish; Coral Reef Health; Lembeh Strait; Resilience

A2-216

47

ICCMBT 2021

Sponge biodiversity assessments using a morphological approach on Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia

S A Putra1,2*, R Ambo-Rappe3, J Jompa3, and N J de Voogd4,5

1Center for Quality Assurance Development of Vocational Education in Maritime, Fisheries, Information and Communication Technology (BPPMPV KPTK), Gowa, Indonesia. 2Graduate School, Hasanuddin University, Kota Makassar, Indonesia. 3Department of Marine Science, Faculty of fisheries and Marine Science, Hasanuddin University, Kota Makassar, Indonesia. 4Department of Marine Biodiversity, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. 5Institute of Environmental Sciences, Environmental Biology Department, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.


Sponges are a key component of coral reef ecosystems, but they are rarely represented in monitoring and biodiversity assessment due to their difficult taxonomic identification. Difficulties in sponge identification are characterized to high morphological plasticity and variants. Morphological analysis of sponges is still essential even if combined with the molecular approach. This study aimed to identification of sponge (Porifera: Demospongiae) morphology that found in the subtidal zone. The observation was done by roving technique (diving and snorkelling) during July 2020 – March 2021 in the inner-mid shelf zone islands of Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia. Thirty-seven species of subtidal sponges are identified. Order Haplosclerida shows as the dominant group in this subtidal habitat. The sponge morphologies were classified into eight groups. Several of skeleton characters also described. This study may assist in further sponge study and coral reef monitoring activity. Keywords: Demosponges; Identification; Shallow Water; Monitoring; Coral Reef

A2-217

48

ICCMBT 2021

Assessing of Coral Reef Resilience on Lembeh Island, North Sulawesi

Idris1*, Fakhrurrozi1 and C Adiwijaya2

1Indonesian Coral Reef Foundation (TERANGI), Jalan Asyibaniyah No. 105-106 Pondok Jaya Cipayung Depok Jawa Barat 16438 2Graduate School of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Jl. Agatis, Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia


Resilience is the ability of a system to reach equilibrium after a temporary disturbance. When an ecosystem is disturbed, the recovery of the system is very dependent on the diversity of species that left. The remaining communities determine the direction of new successional communities that are formed after the disturbance has passed, such as coral communities, fish communities, and other biota communities. Located on the strait near to the Bitung Harbour, the coral reefs on Lembeh Island are under threat by large tonnage marine vessels pass through that ecosystem. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of resilience of coral reef ecosystems on Lembeh Island. Observation was carried out from 16 – 19 January 2019 around the waters of Lembeh Island, at an average depth of 7 m and a maximum of 12 m. Determination of the coral reef index will refer to the table developed by Grimsditch & Salm in 2005. The result show that the resilience of coral reefs on Lembeh Island currently has a high potential for recovery (resilience) from natural disturbance. This can be seen from the 16 parameters used in this study, 7 parameters show very high resilience results. These parameters include the proportion of bleaching resistant species, community resistance to bleaching, taxonomic diversity, size/age distribution, the abundance of reef fish on live coral, the abundance of coral benthos on live coral and coral disease levels.

Keywords: Resilience, Coral reef, Lembeh strait, Potential recovery

A2-218

49

ICCMBT 2021

Forest-water-people nexus: social-ecological profile of tropical coastal peatland landscape in West Kalimantan

AY Abdurrahim1,2*, AH Dharmawan2, S Adiwibowo2, M van Noordwijk3,4, and H Yogaswara1

1Research Center for Population, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jakarta 12710, Indonesia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0213-0135. 2Rural Sociology Study Program, Graduate Program, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia. 3Plant Production Systems, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands. 4World Agroforestry (ICRAF), 16155 Bogor, Indonesia.


As a social-ecological system (SES), a tropical coastal landscape has complex problems. The landscape has distinctive aspects of its social system and ecological system that interact and influence each other. This research was conducted in Pelang Landscape, Ketapang Regency, West KalimantanProvince using the SES approach to analyze the connections and interactions of the forest, water, and people in the landscape. With a qualitative approach, this study found important results. First, Pelang Landscape has the 'natural system' which consists of forest, peatland, and coastal ecosystems; each of which has a unique structure and function, but is interrelated. Second, the landscape has the 'human system' which consists of multi-stakeholders and multi-level governance. The dynamics of change occur in the social system, both as a form of adaptation and as a driver of ecosystem change. Third, the social and ecological systems build a mutual relationship which is very important in managing the landscape. Water, including forest and peatland hydrology, agricultural irrigation, and the influence of seawater, are important aspects of the relationship. In conclusion, the landscape as an arena of forest-water-people nexus is a complex, dynamic, and multifunctionality SES. Understanding forest-water-people nexus and their interdependence are key in sustainable tropical coastal peatland landscape management. Keywords: Forest-Water-People Nexus; Social-Ecological System; Tropical Coastal Peatland Landscape; Sustainable Landscape Management; Multi-Level Governance

A3-219

50

ICCMBT 2021

Avifaunas Diversity and Landscape Characteristics on the East Coast of Lampung Province

M A K Budiman 1,2*, Y Christian1, B Prabowo1, A Affandy1, A I F Assifa3

1Center for Coastal and Marine Resources Studies, IPB University; Kampus IPB Baranangsiang, Jl. Raya Pajajaran No. 1 Bogor - Post 16127 – West Java - Indonesia 2Forestry Study Program Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University; Soil Departement, Faculty of Agriculture Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Ketawanggede, Kec. Lowokwaru, Malang, Post 65145 – East Java – Indonesia 3Forest Ecology Laboratory, Sylviculture Department, Faculty of Forestry, IPB University; Jl. Lingkar Akademik Kampus IPB, Dramaga, Bogor – Post 16680, West Java Indonesia


Activities of fisheries, agriculture, aquaculture, and human settlements dominate the land use of the coast of Lampung Province. These activities give certain anthropogenic pressure on avifauna habitat. In another way, avifauna can be used as an indicator of environmental health. Bird diversity structures can be used to detect ecological balance at a landscape scale. This paper aims to examine the comparison of bird diversity between locations to obtain an overview of each class's classification of habitat structure. In addition, it will also discuss the similarities and differences that occur in each bird habitat in the land use landscape. By looking at the bird similarity index in each location, there are three landscapes: protected landscapes, anthropogenic landscapes (cultivation and settlements), and small island landscapes. Field data collection was carried out on the east coast of Lampung Province in December 2020. The sample locations consisted of 14 locations, namely Margasari, Ketapang, Tridarmayoga, Ruguk (Mangrove), Bakauheuni, Segamat Island, Sriminosari, Muara Balok, Muara Sekampung, Sekopong, Sebrang Mundu, Kuala Penet, Gambas, and Ruguk (Non-Mangrove). The study results showed that the birds found in all locations contained 86 bird species from 34 families. The highest bird diversity is in Ruguk (Non-Mangrove) and Gambas locations. These two locations are mixed habitats where there are aquaculture habitats, mixed agriculture, and human settlements. This diverse habitat is very likely to become an ecotone for birds living in one habitat. Especially at the Gambas location, the determining factor is due to on the edge of the protected area of Way Kambas National Park.

Keywords: Birds; Landscape; Land use; Coastal ecosystem; Lampung.

A3-2110

51

ICCMBT 2021

Blue Carbon Stock in Post-Harvested Mangrove Forest, West Papua

A R Yuliani1, N Wijayanto2

1Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Jl. Lingkar Kampus IPB Darmaga Bogor, Bogor 16680, Indonesia 2Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Jl. Lingkar Kampus IPB Darmaga Bogor, Bogor 16680, Indonesia


The conservation of mangrove carbon stocks as one of the effective carbon sinks has been promoted globally due to their potential contribution to mitigating greenhouse gases emission. Over the past decade, the number of blue carbon studies has escalated, however, the majority of existing research is limited to undisturbed forest yet the field data availability is supposed to be quantified in a variety of environments and geographical conditions. We present the assessment of carbon storage in a-year- old post-harvest forest specifically on seed trees in Bintuni Bay, West Papua, Indonesia. Carbon storage was evaluated across 11 plots covering disturbed mangroves by measuring above-ground biomass and species composition in circular plots along transects. Results suggest that the carbon stocks in post-harvest plots are diverse depends on species composition and biomass. Mangrove regeneration over a year resulted in a mean carbon stock 23.29 MgC/ha and Rhizophora apiculata was found to be dominant species and had the highest carbon storage among other species in plot area.

Keywords: Blue Carbon; Climate Change Mitigation; Coastal Management; Indonesia

A3-2111

52

ICCMBT 2021

Study of the bycatch composition from different mesh size of bottom gill net in Kuala Tumpat, Kelantan

F Hisam1,2 and L Rozali1

1Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science,Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia 2Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia


The fisheries sector is very important as it provides marine produce as a source of food for humans. In 2018, overall global catch fishery production reached the highest level ever recorded at 96.4 million tonnes, an increase of 5.4 per cent from the average of the previous three years and total fishery production was used for direct human consumption in 2017 is 89 percent, or over 153 million tonnes. By catch is unwanted species or discard species. The lack of awareness of by catch in bottom gill net activity can cause increase of bycatch composition. This study also to provide data for identification of bycatch and fish composition entangled to bottom gillnet which is by using three different mesh size of bottom gillnet. This study assessed by catch composition and target species composition from three different mesh size of bottom gill net in Kuala Tumpat, Kelantan. A total number of 84 individuals sample were collected on October 2020. The number individuals of bycatch were caught within proportion of (72) 86% and number individual of target species within proportion (12) 14%. During sampling, mesh size of 4.0cm entangled, no target species and number of by catch 14(16.7%). Following with mesh size 4.5cm entangled, 11(12.8%), individual of target fish and 58(69.3%), individuals of bycatch. Finally mesh size 7.0 cm entangled, 1(1.2%), individual of target fish and no bycatch were entangled at this mesh size. The composition of target species and bycatch in Kuala Tumpat was affected by mesh size (P<0.05), depth of water (P>0.05) and weather condition (P<0.01, highly significant). As the conclusion most composition of target species and bycatch species affected by mesh size (4.0 cm, 4.5cm and 7.6cm), depth of water and weather condition.

Keywords: Bycatch; Coastal Area; Fish Gill Net Introduction

A1-121

53

ICCMBT 2021

Managing blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus Linnaeus, 1758) in Coastal of Pangkajene and Kepulauan Regency, South Sulawesi Province: ecosystem approach for fisheries management

N D Yanti1, R Kurnia2, A Mashar2, Y Mardyani3, L Lindawati4, and S Hermawati5

1Program Study of Aquatic Resources Management, Universitas Puangrimaggalatung, Jl. Sultan Hasannudin, Wajo, South Sulawesi 90918, Indonesia. 2Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University, Jl. Agatis Darmaga Bogor, Bogor 16680, Indonesia. 3Regional Development Planning and Research Agency of Kepulauan Bangka Belitung Province, Jl. Pulau Belitung, Pangkalpinang 33148, Indonesia. 4Research Center for Marine and Fisheries Socio Economics, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. 5Marine and Fisheries Directorate, WWF-Indonesia, Graha Simatupang Tower, Jl. Tahi Bonar Simatupang, Jakarta, Indonesia.


Blue Swimming Crab (BSC) is the main export commodity of Indonesian fisheries after shrimp and tuna. One of the BSC agribusinesses in the South Sulawesi province is in the coastal waters of the Pangkajene dan Kepulauan (Pangkep) Regency. However, in recent years, BSC agribusiness in this region is estimated to be unsustainable due to various problems in the management of BSC fisheries, ranging from the decrease in resource stocks, uncontrolled fishing, and minimal institutional functions. The purpose of this study is to formulate the management of BSC (Portunus pelagicus) resources with the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM) approach in the coastal waters of the Pangkajene dan Kepulauan (Pangkep) Regency. The average value of the scores in the BSC management domain is in the medium category (resource, habitat, economic, and institutional domains); the fishing techniques domain is in the good category, while the social domain is in the poor category. In general, the status of BSC fisheries management is categorized as medium (value = 194.25), therefore it can still be developed and improved. To gradually improve the BSC fisheries management, tactical decisions were made to enhance the indicator conditions. To make the fisheries activity sustainable, recommendations to improve the condition of the BSC fisheries in the Pangkep Regency include strengthening the supervision of fishermen to return BSC caught below the size of 10 cm and egg-berried ones to the sea, improving the seagrass cover, improving coordination among institutions on the BSC fisheries management, and increasing stakeholder participation in the effort to manage the BSC fisheries. Keywords: Ecosystem Approach For Fisheries Management; Blue Swimming Crab; Tactical Decisions; Pangkajene Dan Kepulauan Regency

A1-122

54

ICCMBT 2021

Species Validation of Mantis Shrimp Based on Molecular Marker of Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (COI) from the south of Madura waters

Z Zairion 1,2*, Y A C Ekalaturrahmah1, A A Hakim1, Y Wardiatno1,2

1Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), IPB Dramaga Campus, Bogor 16680 2Center for Coastal and Marine Resources Studies, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Campus IPB Baranangsiang, Jalan Raya Pajajaran, Bogor 16143


Mantis shrimp has a relatively high contribution to the total catch in the south of Madura waters. However, information on the existence of these species in these locations is still very limited. This study aimed to validate the species of mantis shrimp based on the molecular marker of Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (COI) from Madura waters. The research was conducted from September 2018 to February 2019 including sampling in the south of Madura waters, morphological and molecular analysis at the Aquatic Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Aquatic Resources Management, FPIK-IPB University. Twelve samples were identified by morphology, DNA isolation, PCR, electrophoresis and sequencing. The results of morphological identification obtained seven species namely Harpiosquilla harpax, Harpiosquilla sp. 1, Oratosquillina sp. 1, Miyakella sp. 1, Erugosquilla sp. 1, Carinosquilla sp. 1, and Chlorida sp. 1, and successfully validated molecularly into six genera, namely Harpiosquilla, Oratosquillina, Miyakella, Erugosquilla, Clorida, and Carinosquilla. Based on the results of BLAST-n, only samples of Harpiosquilla harpax have been identified morphologically and molecularly validated with an identical percent value of 97-99%, while other samples are not molecularly validated because they have an identical percent below 97%. This shows that the genetic data in GenBank for the COI gene of mantis species is still very limited.

Keywords: COI; Harpiosquilla Harpax; Mantis Shrimp; South Of Madura; Validation

A1-123

55

ICCMBT 2021

Length-Weight Relationships and Length Disribution of Euthynnus sp. in Nias Island, North Sumatera, Indonesia

T D Pramesthy1*, P P Kelana1, and A A Siregar1

1Marine and Fisheries Polytechnic of Dumai. Jl. Wan Amir No 1, Pangkalan Sesai, Dumai Barat, Dumai, Riau 28826, Indonesia


Province of North Sumatra is one of the province that has a large fishery potential. In 2016 the catch of fishermen in North Sumatra reached 380,349 tons (BPS Province of North Sumatra, 2018). This study aims to determine the growth pattern of Mackarel Tuna (Euthynnus sp.) caught in the waters of Nias Island, North Sumatra. Mackarel Tuna (Indonesia’s name is Tongkol). Sampling was carried out in July 2020. The study was conducted by following fishing operations on purse seine vessels start from Sibolga City. Sample of 59 fish were taken randomly during the operation of the fishing gear in one trip. Length of fish was measured using a ruler (nearest: 1 mm) and weight of fish was measured using a digital scale (nearest: 1 g). The results showed that the growth pattern of Euthynnus sp. was positive allometric growth (b > 3). The Formula for Length-Weight Relationships (LWRs) is W = 0.006L3.2611 (r = 0.97). The total length of the fish about 35–53 cm. There are 7 classes in Length Distribution of fish that caught in July 2020. The highest frequency of total length is 40-42 cm. The length-weight relationship remains a popular instrument for providing information that supports for stocks assessment of fish in the world. The length-weight relationship can describe the condition of fish population growth in nature and the symptoms of fishing in nature. This is necessary to support the management of fishery resources.

Keywords: Growth pattern; Length-Weight relationships; Length disribution

A2-124

56

ICCMBT 2021

Management strategy evaluation for grouper fishery in Indonesia using length-based management procedures

A Habibi1, M Natsir2,3, A Budiarto4, S G Akmal5

1School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington. 1122 NE Boat St, Box 355020 Seattle, WA 98195-5020, United States of America 2Center for Fisheries Research, Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resources, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries. Gedung BRSDMKP 2, Jl. Pasir Putih II Ancol Timur, Jakarta Utara, Jakarta 14430, Indonesia 3School of System Information Science, Future University Hakodate, 116-2 Kamedanakano, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8655, Japan 4Directorate of Fisheries Resources Management, Directorate General for Capture Fisheries, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries. GMB II, lt. 14, Jl. Medan Merdeka Timur, Gambir, Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia 5Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Science Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague − Suchdol, Czech Republic


Length-based management procedures is being seen as a solution to the fishery with limited available data. This type of data-limited management procedures has been used to manage the fishery and prevent the overfishing, mainly by implement restriction on minimum sizes of retained fish. However, an increase interest from the stakeholder on fisheries management requires a better understanding and guidelines on the future projection and trajectories of the fish stock to guide on the development of fishery regulation in Indonesia. Here, we simulated a test on the performance of length-based management procedures for grouper fishery. The size limit and spawning potential ratio length-based management procedures, combined with and without the presence of marine protected area were used to identify the inherent trade-offs among performance measures. The assessment will present the future projection of grouper biomass and fishing effort, giving an important input for the fish stakeholder from the ecological and economical point of view. The future direction on the use of management strategy evaluation to support decision making in the fishery will also be presented.

Keywords: Grouper; Length-Based; Size-Limit; Spawning Potential Ratio; Management

Strategy Evaluation

A2-125

57

ICCMBT 2021

Fisheries Forecasting, Physical Approach Comparison between Regression and ARIMA Model

T E Ahmad1*, A Rais1, D R Azhari1, A A Rosalia1, R Y F Hutapea2

1Sistem Informasi Kelautan, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudi No.229, Isola, Kec. Sukasari, Kota Bandung, Jawa Barat 40154 2 Marine and Fisheries Polytechnic of Dumai. Jl. Wan Amir No 1, Pangkalan Sesai, Dumai Barat, Dumai, Riau 28826, Indonesia *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Empowerment of fishery resources requires analysis of forecasting results as an effort to maintain sustainability and human needs. Forecasting is an approach to predict based on facts from the past, which is expected to be used as a decision support system. However, there are problems with the accuracy. In this study, we compare the regression method with ARIMA to find out which method can be used as the most appropriate choice in the field of fisheries forecasting with physical benchmarks (Seasonal and climate). We conduct a systematic literature study on various studies with the theme of fisheries forecasting. The focus of the search is on studies with the main criteria in the form of an explicit discussion of the basic forecasting methods and literature on marine physical influences. Then define a search method by combining fishery stocks or landings against forecasting with marine physical features optionally using PRISMA. The results show that the ARIMA models has better fitting value and accuracy compared to regression, because the ARIMA model captures the history of autocorrelation of data and extrapolates it to the forecasting framework that will be carried out, so it is most suitable for use with additional marine physical variability.

Keywords: ARIMA; Forecasting; PRISMA; Regression

A2-126

58

ICCMBT 2021

The Analysis of Feasbility Fishing Effort Using Gillnet in Dumai Sea Waters

S F Shalichaty1*, R P Sari1, R S Mardiah1

1Marine and Fisheries Polytechnic of Dumai. Jl. Wan Amir No 1, Pangkalan Sesai, Dumai Barat, Dumai, Riau 28826, Indonesia


Gillnet fishing gear is an environmental friendly fishing gear and which is operated annually in Dumai Sea Waters by traditional fishermen. Fishing with gillnets is an activity that has been carried out by fishermen for a long time and it is a potential business that can be developed, but until now the management is not good enough. The purpose of this research is to determine the income and profits of the gillnet fishing business and to analyze the economic aspects of gillnet fishermen and of course calculate financially the gillnet fishing business too. The location of this research is in Pelintung Village, Dumai City. The results showed that the income of gillnet fishermen was Rp. 179.050.000,-/year or Rp. 1,380,000/trip. The profit from the gillnet fishing business is Rp. 479,224/trip or Rp. 62,299,167/year. The Net Present Value (NPV) is Rp. 236.972.229,- and NPV shows that is a positive numbers. So the business is worthy because the internal rate of return (IRR) value is 68% and it is greater than the micro interest value which is 6%, the value of B/C Ratio is 0.54. The value of payback period is 1.17.

Keywords: Benefits; Dumai; Feasibility; Gillnet; Incom

A3-127

59

ICCMBT 2021

Evaluation of Fishing Gear Productivity in the Banten Sea Before the Tsunami Disaster

S G Akmal1,*, D Santoso2

1 Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Science Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague − Suchdol, Czech Republic 2 Department of Mathematic, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Andalas University, Jl. Limau Manis, Padang 25163, West Sumatera, Indonesia


The main indicator for reconstruction of fisheries is fishing productivity to make sure of sustainability fisheries. The low productivity is also indicating of infectivity and inefficiency in fishing process. This research aims to evaluate and measure of productivity and effectivity of fishing gear in Banten Sea. This research conducted in 2018 based on production data from 2003-2017. The value that used as reference point to evaluate productivity level determined by using statistic descriptive from mean and confidence limit of data. Result of this research showed that the most effective of fishing gears are payang, purse seine, drift gillnet, and boat lift net. Payang production at 280,560 kg per year and productivity at 31,612 ton per year, Purse seine production at 517,341 ton per year and productivity at 44,986 per year, and also production of drift gillnet reach 1074,311 ton per year and productivity at 9.231 ton per year. Generally, districts that highly productive are Serang and Lebak, if it was compared with Tangerang and Labuan. The reconstruction of fisheries activity can be started by considering fishing gear, which is less effective such as guiding barrier, shrimp nets, drift longline and bubu. The weakness of this research is this research hasn’t considered economic value of fishing.

Keywords: Effectivity; Fisheries Governance; Fishing Gears; Reconstructions.

A3-128

60

ICCMBT 2021

Carrying Capacity of Fisheries Business Investment in Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta

MK Putri1,3, Yonvitner2,3, Z Imran3

1Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science- IPB University 2Centre for Coastal and Marine Resources Studies (CCMRS) 3Southeast Asian Regional Center for Tropical Biology (SEAMEO Biotrop)


Kepulauan Seribu consists of small islands that have enormous fishery potential that can be as fisheries investment. The main livelihoods include aquaculture and capture fisheries. The development of fisheries business is highly depended on aspect of the carrying capacity environment. The existence of investment in fisheries business by taking into account the carrying capacity is expected to ensure the results of capture fisheries or aquaculture production from fishery businesses, so that can affect the needs of the Kepulauan Seribu citizen. The purpose of this study is to analyze the carrying capacity of fishery business investment in Kepulauan Seribu with a business feasibility method approach so that it can be carried out in a sustainable manner. This research method is survey and observation with feasibility study, and multi-criteria analysis. The main potential of capture fisheries in Harapan Island, Kelapa Island, and Kelapa Dua Island are tuna, yellowtail fish, and squid, while the result of aquaculture is grouper. Capture fishery or aquaculture activity at the research location has met the investment criteria so that it is feasible. Capture fishery and aquaculture activity in Kelapa Island in Harapan Island have the better carrying capacity for investment based on ecological, economic, and social aspects.

Keywords: Carrying Capacity; Investment; Thousand Islands; Small Islands; Fishery

Business

A3-129

61

ICCMBT 2021

Legal Analysis of The Protection of Indonesia Migrant Fishers on Foreign Fishing Vessels

A Mustofa1*, A Solihin2,3, C Desyana1, B T Hardianto1

1WWF Indonesia 2Pusat Kajian Sumberdaya Pesisir dan Lautan – Institut Pertanian Bogor 3Departemen Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya Perikanan – Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan IPB


The protection of crew members on foreign fishing vessels is a common concern, both in the world and in Indonesia. This is due to the many cases of violations of Indonesian crew members on foreign fishing vessels. The purpose of this study is to analyze the regulation of crew protection on foreign fishing vessels based on international law and Indonesian laws and regulations, as well as their implementation. This research is descriptive by using normative juridical methods on international law and national law, and comparative juridical which compares international law and national law, as well as empirical juridical on the implementation of human rights protection in Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that international law protects crew members related to certification standards and training standards, ship construction standards, and decent working conditions standards. Meanwhile, Indonesian national law is in accordance with international law, except for the absence of standard ship construction standards. The implementation of human rights protection found that there were violations of human rights related to salaries that were not in accordance with the contract and working hours that exceeded the limit.

Keywords: Crew Protection; Foreign Fishing Vessels; Certification Standards; Training

Standards; Decent Working Conditions Standards

A3-1210

62

ICCMBT 2021

Gendered family roles in farming the seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii in Southeast (SE) Sulawesi, Indonesia

L O M Aslan1, M Rahim2, W Iba1, A B Patadjai3, S A A Taridala4, N I Wianti5, Z R Yala6

1Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Halu Oleo University, Kendari 93232, Indonesia 2Department of Economics Science and Development Study, Faculty of Economics and Business, Halu Oleo University, Kendari 93232, Indonesia 3Department of Fish Processing technology, Faculty of of Fisheries and Marine Science, Halu Oleo University, Kendari 93232, Indonesia 4Department of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University, Kendari 93232, Indonesia 5Department of Agricultural Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University, Kendari 93232, Indonesia 6Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Fisheries, Tadulako University, Palu, Central Sulawesi 94148 Indonesia


The seaweed, K. alvarezii, is the most farmed seaweed in SE Sulawesi. Seaweed farming covers at least 11 activities, namely site preparation, tying and planting seeds, cleaning cultivation ropes during maintenance, preventing pests, harvesting, releasing the harvested seaweed to the para-para (drying block), drying the harvested seaweed, releasing the dried seaweed into sacks, transporting the dried seaweed into the house, and selling the harvest. This study was conducted in two districts in SE Sulawesi: Langere Village, North Buton District (BU) and in Bungin Indah Village, South Konawe District (KS). This study undertook structured interviews involving a total of 62 and 90 household respondents in BU and in KS, respectively. The majority of respondents in BU were of Kulisusu ethnicity, while those in KS were of Bajo ethnicity. The results showed that, in general, of the 11 cultivation activities, all cultivation activities in BU were carried out by husbands (100%) except for tying the seeds. In KS, the roles of men (M) and women (W) or those in which the two parties co-operated (M-W) vary widely. Site preparation was dominated by M (91.92%); planting seedlings was M (94.95%), cleaning the cultivation rope during maintenance was done by M (86.87%); pest prevention was by M 100%; harvesting by M (84.85%); releasing the harvested seaweed was M (87.88%); drying the harvested seaweed was W (44.44%); putting dried seaweed into sacks was M (82.83%); transporting the dried seaweed into the house was M (85.86%); bringing crops to buyers was M (100%). The different patterns of cooperation among family members in seaweed farming will be discussed.

Keywords: Family; Seaweed; Farming; Southeast Sulawesi

A4-1211

63

ICCMBT 2021

Dynamics of semi-intensive and intensive traditional shrimp pond cultivation on the north coast of Sumenep Regency

D Ferdiansyah1, ETW Rini1 and Sugiono1*

1Universitas Islam Madura


Sumenep Regency is one of the areas on Madura Island whose coastal land has begun to be used as shrimp pond cultivation. The use of coastal areas for aquaculture areas in this area has begun to increase and exceed the allocation of space allocation in the coastal zone, some of the pond land converts mangrove ecosystems and does not ignore the environmental impact. Shrimp production is currently still below the environmental carrying capacity which can still be increased. This study aims to formulate the use of aquaculture areas that are sustainable and environmentally friendly in the northern coastal area of Sumenep Regency. The objectives of this study are: (1) to analyze the area of traditional, semi-intensive and intensive shrimp ponds that meet the criteria for land suitability and environmental carrying capacity, (2) to formulate priorities for alternative aquaculture technologies that are environmentally friendly. Field survey to analyze the socio-economic community and land use through interviews with 10 cultivators and business actors spread over 4 coastal sub-districts. Business analysis is carried out to complete the considerations in selecting technology and optimizing the utilization of coastal aquaculture areas. Minimizing waste disposal by managing pond waste water and reforesting mangrove forests so that it will have a positive impact on sustainability and sustainability

Keywords: Shrimp Pond; Land Suitability; Sumenep Coastal

A4-1212

64

ICCMBT 2021

Social ecological dynamic of small-scale fisheries in Coastal Area of Dumai City

M N Arkham1,2, Y Krisnafi1, R Y F Hutapea1, S A Ikhsan1, M Tiku1, R B K Haris1, P P Kelana1

1Marine and Fisheries Polytechnic of Dumai. Jl. Wan Amir No 1, Pangkalan Sesai, Dumai Barat, Dumai, Riau 28826, Indonesia 2Researcher’s Association on Marine and Fisheries Social Ecological System (RAMFiSES), Bogor, Indonesia


The scale of fishing business in Dumai City is small scale fisheries with fishing boat using outboard motorboats < 5 GT and traditional temporary. The dominant fishing gear used by fishermen in Dumai City is gillnet, scoop net (sondong) and portable trap (pengerih). The purpose of this study was to identify dynamic of social and ecological systems to the sustainability of small-scale fisheries in the waters of Dumai City. The are 3 research location in village, namely Pelintung, Tanjung Palas, and Bangsal Aceh. The research method is a survey using interview techniques with a questionnaire. The data analysis in this research is descriptive qualitative, fishing gear productivity, fishermen's income, and the relationship dynamics of the catch. The results of the study indicate that the social characteristics of fishermen in Dumai City are the same as fishermen in general, where the education level of fishermen is a mostly elementary school (SD). The wives of fishermen in Dumai City are mostly still taking care of the household, only a few are processing fish. Fishermen in Dumai City also carry out the duration of fishing operations based on the type of fishing gear (gillnet, scoop net and portable trap). The productivity of fishing with gillnet fishing gear for the last 7 years has tended to increase, while for scoop net and portable trap fishing gear, it has tended to decrease. The RPUE value of gillnet fishermen shows the highest profit, where the average income in 1 trip is IDR 724,440.00 compared to other fishermen. Based on the perception of fishermen, it also shows that the catch of gillnet fishermen during the last 5 years has increased.

Keywords: Small-Scale Fisheries; Social-Ecological Dynamic; Productivity; Dumai City

A4-1213

65

ICCMBT 2021

Microplastic abundance in sea cucumber from seagrass ecosystem of Bintan Island and Sorrounding Area, Indonesia

F Idris1, T Febrianto1, J R Hidayati1, Rajib1, A H Nugraha1*

1Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, Raja Ali Haji Maritime University


The increasing use of plastic in various aspects of life has an impact on the increase in plastic waste in the environment. Plastic waste in the environment will break down into the smallest fragments called microplastics. The presence of microplastics in the waters can threaten the sustainability of marine life in the vicinity. Bintan Island is one of the seagrass hots spots located in the west of Indonesian waters and its location is in the regional area. . This study examines the abundance of microplastics in sea cucumbers, which are associated biota of seagrass beds, which are scattered in seagrass ecosystems in the waters of Bintan Island and the surrounding environment. The sea cucumber data was collected using the transect method. The sea cucumbers obtained will then be dissected and observed for their microplastic content. The results of the study showed that there were 3 types of sea cucumbers found, namely H.atra, H. scabra, and Sticopus variegatus. The highest density of sea cucumbers was found in Pengujan waters with a value of 90/ha. The highest microplastic content was found in sea cucumbers in Pengudang. The dominant types of microplastics were fiber and fragments.

Keywords: Bintan; Microplastik; Sea cucumber; Seagrass Ecosystem

A1-221

66

ICCMBT 2021

Microplastic Contamination Extent on Strombus sp. in North Bintan Waters

Kafabihi1, F Idris1, R D Putra3, A H Nugraha1, T Apriadi2, A D Syakti4*

1Marine Science Department, Marine Science and Fisheries Faculty – Raja Ali Haji Maritime University, Jl. Politeknik Senggarang-Tanjungpinang, Riau Islands Province, 29100, Indonesia 2Aquatic Resource Management, Marine Science and Fisheries Faculty – Raja Ali Haji Maritime University, Jl. Politeknik Senggarang - Tanjungpinang, Riau Islands Province, 29100, Indonesia 3Shipping Engineering, Faculty of Engineering – Raja Ali Haji Maritime University, Jl. Politeknik Senggarang - Tanjungpinang, Riau Islands Province, 29100, Indonesia 4Master in Invironmental Science – Raja Ali Haji Maritime University, Jl. Politeknik Senggarang - Tanjungpinang, Riau Islands Province, 29100, Indonesia


Microplastics, which are crumbled plastic waste measuring less than 5 mm, are known to have contaminated the gonggong snail species Strombus sp and sediments in the waters of North Bintan. This study aims to provide a basic report on the number of stranded plastic crumbs (micro) and the level of contamination that occurs in Gonggong Snails (Strombus sp) In North Bintan waters. The methods used in this research are survey and quantitative methods. Determination of the location point by purposive sampling, data collection in this study is divided into two, namely primary and secondary. The research procedure was divided into two, namely quadrant sampling in the field and analysis of microplastic particles in the laboratory with H2O2liquid as an oxidizer and ZnCl2 solution as a determinant of microplastics with a floating system, the number of microplastics Strombus sp 16.4 ± 31.6 particles / individuals. Meanwhile, the level of contamination that occurs in Strombus sp experienced in Pengudang Village by 88%, which means that on average each individual at the Pengudang station has the potential to be contaminated with 22 microplastic particles. The high level of contamination is a threat to the safety of seafood (Seafood) because there is contamination of microplastic particle pollutants in one of the marine biota consumed by Strombus sp

Keywords: Plastic waste; Microplastics; Bintan; Contamination; Strombus sp

A1-222

67

ICCMBT 2021

Microplastics in fishes as seabird preys in Jakarta Bay Area

N K Y Susanti1*, A Mardiastuti2, and S Hariyadi3

1Tropical Biodiversity Conservation Program, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Jl. Lingkar Akademik Kampus IPB, Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia). 2Departement of Forest Resource Conservation and Ecotourism, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Jl. Lingkar Akademik Kampus IPB, Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia). 3Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Jl. Agatis Darmaga Bogor, Bogor 16680, Indonesia).


There has been some growing research on plastics in fishes as human food in Indonesia, but none linked to fishes as seabirds’ prey. The objective of this research was to reveal whether there were microplastics in fishes as prey of little-black cormorant. The study site was the coastal area of Pulau Rambut Wildlife Sanctuary in Jakarta Bay, where the cormorants search for fish food. Fish samples (12-16,8 cm, 5 species; n=8) were collected by using fish-rod, at the usual fishing area of cormorants along the southern coast of the reserve. Gastrointestinal tracts of the samples were observed to find macro, meso and microplastic. After NaCl dilution, followed by observation using SRCC and microscope (10x10 magnification), followed by grouping based on type, colour, and size. No macro or mesoplastic found. Total of 100 microplastics particles were found from all samples (range 7-26particles/fish), with Lutjanus vitta having the highest number (15-26particles/fish). Film (2-21 particles/fish) and fiber (1-10 particles/fish) were found, but no fragment. Transparent microplastics were found the most (57.3%), followed by blue (26.4%), black (10.0%), and red (6.4%). The size of the microplastic found were mostly (64.5%) between 100-1,000μm. A more intensive research is needed, as these sampled fishes might also consumed by human. Keywords: Cormorants; Lutjanus Vitta; Macroplastics; Mesoplastics; Pulau Rambut Wildlife Sanctuary

A1-223

68

ICCMBT 2021

Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Cd, Hg and Pb in Carp (Cyprinus carpio) from Jatiluhur Reservoir, West Java in Rainy Season

N Wulandari1, W Trilaksani1 and R Suwandi1

1Department of Aquatic Product Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Jl. Agatis Darmaga Bogor, Bogor 16680, Indonesia


The Jatiluhur Reservoir which dams the Citarum River is used as a location for aquaculture activities. The issue related to the water source of the Jatiluhur Reservoir originating from the Citarum River is the presence of heavy metal pollution so that it can pose a risk to humans who consume the fish. Carp (Cyprinus carpio) is one of the fishery products produced with the highest volume. This study aims to determine the relationship between chemical parameters of water quality and heavy metal content of Jatilhur Reservoir water, determine the heavy metal content in carp (C. carpio) and risk assessment of consumption of carp originating from Jatiluhur Reservoir. Fish and water samples were taken from the farm during the rainy season in October, November 2020 and March 2021. The risk assessment was based on USEPA (2000) and used a risk ranger spreadsheet. The results showed that there was a relationship between BOD, COD, total phosphate and ammonia on the heavy metal content of Cd, Hg and Pb. Furthermore, there is heavy metal lead (Pb) as the highest contamination (1.085 mg/kg) and the risk assessment based on the average level of fish consumption is 0.04627 kg/day and the respondent's body weight is 63.5 kg, indicating that human health from consuming the fish is relatively safe and based on the risk ranger shows a risk rating of 44 (medium).

Keywords: Risk Assessment; Heavy Metals; Cyprinus Carpio; Jatiluhu Reservoir

A2-224

69

ICCMBT 2021

An overview of harmful algal blooms (HABs) in Indonesian coastal waters

T Sidabutar1, E S Srimariana2 and S Wouthuyzen1

1Research Centre for Oceanography, LIPI. Jl. Pasir Putih I, Jakarta 14430, Indonesia 2Faculty of Fisheries, IPB university Campus Darmaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia


The occurrence of harmful algal blooms (HABs) in Indonesian waters has been increasing since 1991. There are three types of harmful algal blooms known in this country. The first is a toxic algal bloom associated with fish and other marine organisms’ mass mortality because they produce potent toxins. The second one is non-toxic bloom but harmful to aquatic organisms due to oxygen depletion in the waters. The third one is non-toxic but harmless to aquatic organisms. Most of the non-toxic blooms cause water discolouration, but few of them cause harmful effects. Several algal blooms had caused massive fish kills, leading to economic losses in local fisheries, decrease water quality and even people’s sickness after eating contaminated shellfish. The number and distribution of HABs species also increased coincident with the increased observations in this country. Some of the causative species were known to be very toxic and belong to dinoflagellates species, namely, Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum, Aleandrium sp, Gymnodinium catenatum, and Cochlodinium sp. Among them, only a few have caused bloom’s phenomena such as Pyrodinium bahamense var compressum and Cochlodinium sp. The most frequent taxa which caused bloom’s phenomena in Indonesian coastal waters, namely, Skeletonema, Chaetoceros, Trichodesmium and Noctiluca. Nutrient enrichment in coastal waters generally regarded as one of the primary reasons for the increased occurrence of algal blooms. Increased nitrogen and phosphorous input to the coastal waters resulting from anthropogenic activities makes the coastal waters eutrophic. The occurrences, distribution, causes and impact of harmful algal blooms in Indonesian coastal water are discussing in this paper.

Keywords: Harmful Algal Bloom; Distribution; Causative Species; Coastal Water; Impact

A2-225

70

ICCMBT 2021

Index Of Environmental Pollution And Adaptation Of Avicennia Marina Around The Ex-Bauxite Mining Area Bintan Island

D Azizah1*, F Lestari12 , Susiana1, D Kurniawan1, W R Melany1 and T Apriadi 1

1Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, UMRAH (Maritime Raja Ali Haji University), Senggarang, Tanjungpinang, Kepulauan Riau, 29111, Indonesia) 2Postgraduate Program of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, UMRAH (Maritime Raja Ali Haji University)


Bintan Island has high bauxite resource potential. However, its utilization is not balanced with efforts to restore ex-mining land. Physical damage that occurs include erosion and sedimentation of red mud along the coast and the surrounding mangrove forest. This study aims to determine the status of environmental pollution based on the accumulation of lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr) in redmud found in mangrove forests around thebauxite ex-mining area and the adaptation of Avicennia marina to heavy metals. This research was conducted from April to December 2020, conducted by survey and laboratory analysis using AAS. The results showed that Pb in the sediments and organs of A. marina was higher than Cr. The results showed that the mangrove forest around the bauxite ex-mining area of Bintan Island was contaminated with low levels of Pb and Cr metals (CF<1, PLI<1) and the environment is lightly polluted (0<Igeo<1). Adaptation of A. marina showed that the metal uptake mechanism was rhizofiltration (BCF<1, TF<1, BCF<TF) and the physical condition was slightly damaged. There was no significant effect between the presence of Pb and Cr metals in the sediments and organs of A. marina on the stem diameter and tree height (Sig.> 0.05)..

Keywords: Bauxite Ex-Mining Area; Environmental Index; Lead, Chromium; A. Marina;

Bintan Island

A2-226

71

ICCMBT 2021

Coastal Natural Resources-based Potentials of Aceh Jaya Regency, Province of Aceh

Y Christian1* and A Affandi1

1Centre for Coastal and Marine Resources Studies (CCMRS)-LPPM IPB University

*Corresponding author: e-mail address here.

The coastal regency of Aceh Jaya has great potential resources to be developed into an integrated development area either in the fields of marine and fisheries, agriculture-plantation-animal farming, forestry, minerals-mining, tourism, processing industry, and renewable energy. However, significant challenges arise regarding selecting and managing all of these potentials with the principle of sustainability: encouraging economic development, being accountable and socially accepted, and having an ecological perspective as a short to medium plan to accelerate economic growth. This study has identified the leading sectors with the most potential resources to become the basis of the development priority of Aceh Jaya nearly two decades after the 2004’s tsunami. The research was conducted in nine districts in Aceh Jaya Regency, and all collected data is processed through Market Analysis, Gap Analysis, Stakeholder and Institutional Analysis, and Sectoral Analysis. This analysis identified eight sectors with each superior product for the development acceleration of Aceh Jaya. Those sectors and the products are agriculture (rice), capture fisheries (tuna, skipjack, mackerel tuna, crustacean), aquaculture (giant-tiger shrimp, tilapia, lobster), animal farming (cattle, buffalo, goat, duck), forestry (agarwood, dragonblood, rattan), tourism (Geureutee, Reusam Island), mineral (coal), industry (prawn cracker, shredded catfish, soybean, patchouli oil, biogas). However, there some challenges that must be addressed first by the regency government and related regional actors to bring significant transformation on regional economic development and labor absorption.

Keywords: Aceh Jaya, Coastal Development, Natural Resources, Economic Acceleration,

Natural Resources

A3-227

72

ICCMBT 2021

Potential Risk of Invasive Species in Java

A Santoso1*, Yonvitner2 and S G Akmal3

1Department of Statistic, Faculty of Science and Technology, Indonesia Open University, Pondok Cabe, 154 37 South Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia 2Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University, Jl. Agatis Darmaga, 166 80 Bogor, West Java, Indonesia 3Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Science Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague − Suchdol, Czech Republic


Potential risk is an effort that shows the likelihood and severity of potential adverse impacts from exposure of invasive species agents to an ecosystem. The purpose of this study is to analyze the potential risk of invasive. This research is expected to provide information on invasive species threats and how to prevent them. This study uses a purposive sampling method for informants. Information about the process of entering invasive species and how to prevent it is expected to be an important part in the management of invasive species in the area. The potential risk of invasive species on the island of Java is at a moderate risk level. The point of entry for these invasive species is inadvertently separated from cultivation activities, regardless of their community intentionally and of unknown origin. Policy making at the central level needs to be accelerated and adjusted to regulate invasive species introduction activities at the regional level. In addition, the preparation of a population control plan for invasive species also needs to be prepared.

Keywords: Exposure; Threats; Prevent; Risk.

A3-228

73

ICCMBT 2021

Assessment of riverbank erosion from heavy boat traffic: a case study at Cho Gao Canal, Tien Giang, Vietnam

H H Anh1, N N Thuy2*

1Faculty of Economics, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; 2Office of international cooperation, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam


Cho Gao canal is the arterial waterway of the Mekong Delta; it is the only inland waterway channel for river transport with large tonnage transporting rice, agricultural products, and goods from the Mekong Delta to Ho Chi Minh City. However, big waves from heavy boat traffic have been gradually wearing away the river banks, creating severe erosions and affecting local communities' livelihood and safety. This study was conducted to assess the vulnerability of riverbank erosion in Cho Gao canal using a quantified erosion index and the continent valuation method. The data was collected from 120 households living along the canal. The calculation revealed that 76,67% of the surveyed households had moderate erosion vulnerability; this vulnerability will become higher in the future unless government interventions are made. Besides, this paper also examined people’s willingness to accept (WTA) to compensate for the losses from riverbank erosion. On average, each household along the canal accepted 575,057 VND (24.9 USD) of compensation to make up for their suffered losses. Estimated logit regression discovered factors influencing people’s WTA were erosion affected levels, income, and age. People living along Cho Gao canal have been suffering damages from riverbank erosion since 2009 and there is a demand for state interventions to alleviate the problem and restabilize local communities’ livelihood.

Keywords: Riverbank Erosion; Cho Gao Canal; Tien Giang; Vietnam; Erosion Index;

Continent Valuation Method

A3-229

74

ICCMBT 2021

Applying Risk Assessment Approach to Evaluate Small Island Status in Kepulauan Seribu

S W Ambo1*, Yonvitner2, A M Samosir3

1Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science-IPB University 2Centre for Coastal and Marine Resources Studies (CCMRS) *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Kepulauan Seribu with all potential needs to be realized in an integrated manner for sustainable development. The development process carried out needs to consider the risks that will occur. Disaster risk consists elements of hazard, vulnerability, impact and ability of individuals and groups. Disaster risk needs to be studied to determine the amount of loss that has been estimated so that it can be anticipated in an area, and for the management of small islands them selves through disaster mitigation. The purpose of this research is to analyze the level of risk in small islands and estimate the appropriate management of small islands for Kepulauan Seribu area. The method used in this research is a survey and observation method with ananalys is of the IPCC(2014) model. The type of hazard that has the most potential to disaster is tornado, while high waves, abrasion and garbage have no potential. The level of vulnerability in Harapan Island, Kelapa Island and Kelapa Dua Island is relatively low, because there is only one hazard that has the potential to become a disaster, namely a tornado with a large enough magnitude and loss. The level of capacity possessed by the three islands is quite good, so that the risk value in Harapan Island is 0.69, Kelapa Island is 0.68, and Kelapa Dua Island is 0.62 which is included in the low category.

Keywords: Hazard; Capacity; Kepulauan Seribu; Vulnerability; Risk

A3-2210

75

ICCMBT 2021

Engaging multi-stakeholders strategy toward strengthen mangrove rehabilitation program in Tangerang Regency

S M A H Mahardika1*, F Yulianda2, Sulistiono2, L Adrianto2,3 and M A Al Amin2,3

1Doctoral Program of Coastal and Marine Resources, Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Jl. Agatis, Darmaga Bogor, Bogor 16680, Indonesia 2Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Jl. Agatis, Darmaga Bogor, Bogor 16680, Indonesia 3Center for Coastal and Marine Resources Studies, Bogor Agricultural University, Jl. Raya Pajajaran, Bogor 16127, Indonesia


The Tangerang’s coastal area faces (1) decreasing environmental quality, (2) poverty. The government developed Gerbang Mapan Program, an integrated coastal management (ICM) program designed to accelerate the recovery of coastal ecosystems and community development. To encourage the acceleration of the program, the government invites various parties (multistakeholders) to be involved in the program. This study aims to explore the processes of involving multistakeholders in the success of the mangrove rehabilitation, which has now succeeded transforms from damage to be good and have even become centers of community socio-economic activities. The method is an explorative method with a coevolutive dynamic historical process approach from 2014 to 2020. The involvement of various parties i.e local government agencies/institutions in Tangerang Regency, the private sector, TNI/Polri, schools, universities, and coastal community groups in mangrove rehabilitation programs and awareness campaigns and public education have encouraged the acceleration of mangrove rehabilitation, where by 2020, rehabilitation has been carried out with planted 720,000 mangrove trees, with 6 species (Rhizopora sp, Avicienna sp, Bruguiera cylindrica, Bruguiera gymnoriza, Ceriop tagal and Sonneratia alba), where the survival rate reached 69.22%, with the most adaptive type Avicienna sp planted in Tangerang Regency with a survival rate of 90.71%.

Keywords: Gerbang Mapan, multistakeholders engagement, mangrove

A4-2211

76

ICCMBT 2021

Rehabilitation Strategy for Mangrove Ecotourism Development in Tanjung Burung, Tangerang

T Yaeni 1*, F Yulianda2, G Yulianto2 1Graduate School of Coastal and Marine Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Jl. Agatis Darmaga Bogor, Bogor 16680, Indonesia 2Lecturer of Coastal and Marine Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Jl. Agatis Darmaga Bogor, Bogor 16680, Indonesia


Mangrove ecotourism is one of the efforts of tourism activities by paying attention to the sustainability of natural resources and the environment. Research objectives are to determine the suitability and carrying capacity of the mangrove ecosystem as reference material in the development of ecotourism. The study was conducted in February-March 2020 in Tanjung Burung Village, Teluk Naga District, Tangerang Regency, Banten Province. Data analysis used a tourism suitability index (IKW) analysis matrix, and the spatial analysis used a Geographic Information System (GIS) approach, followed by an assessment of the area's carrying capacity (DDK) to determine the maximum number of visitors per day. The results showed that the IKW was categorized according to 9 ha, the length of the tracking area was 576 m, and the carrying capacity of ecotourism was 92 people/day considering the length of time each visitor traveled 2 hours (open 8 hours/day). The mangrove area in Tanjung Burung as a whole has not been included in the appropriate category for ecotourism due to the uneven distribution of rehabilitation efforts in each area so that a mangrove ecosystem management strategy is needed such as mangrove planting and design tracking of mangrove tourism.

Keywords: Ecotourism; Mangrove; Carrying Capacity; Suitability; Rehabilitation

A4-2212

77

ICCMBT 2021

The Joint efforts of the parties to realize ICM conception for sustainability of natural resources

Isdahartati1, A Solihin1,2, A Damar1, 3, C I S Narcise4

1Center for Coastal and Marine Resources Studies, IPB University (CCMRS IPB), Kampus IPB, Jl. Pajajaran No.1 Bogor, Indonesia 2Departement of Fisheries Resources Utilization, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences IPB University (PSP FPIK IPB), Jl. Agatis, Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, Indonesia 3Department Aquatic Recourses Management - Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science IPB University (MSP FPIK IPB) IPB, Jl. Agatis, Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, Indonesia 4PEMSEA Resource Facility, DENR Compound, Visayas Avenue, Quezon City 1100, Philippines


Sukabumi Regency has a coastline of 117 km and has a very high potential for marine coastal resources. Sukabumi was also appointed as a demo site for Pemsea in the Implementation of Integrated Coastal Area Management as outlined in the Memorandum of Understanding between the Ministry of Environment and Forestry and the Sukabumi Provincial Government Number MCC-19/PPKL/PPKPL/PKL.1 /6/2016 and Number 660/Pj. 19-Huk/2016 dated 22 June 2016. The high potential of coastal and marine resources in Sukabumi Regency has a large complexity issue between agencies so that it needs to be managed and planned in an integrated and coordinated manner in an effort to manage the sustainability of coastal and marine resources with an Integrated Coastal Management approach. (ICM). In order for priority issues to become a program and reduce conflicts of interest, active coordination between relevant agencies is required. Considering the size of the role of stakeholders and the number of local government organizations (OPD) in managing these resources, the coordination mechanism becomes a critical point, for that it is necessary to establish institutions in the management of coastal resources in an integrated and sustainable manner. In line with the Pemsea ICM framework, in which in developing an integrated coastal resource management plan and reducing conflicts of interest, it is necessary to develop a coordination mechanism through institutions or known as ICM PCC/PMO. The coordination mechanism through institutions or known as ICM PCC/PMO has been implemented by Sukabumi Regency since 2014 as stated in the SK PCC and PMO ICM Institutions with The Regent's Decree No. 213/2003 and revision of Regent's Decree 660.1/Kep.579-BLH/2014 consisting of 40 Local Government Units (OPD), community groups and NGOs that are the main key in establishing the strategic plan of coastal areas and small islands of Sukabumi Regency and was revised in 2016. The interagency coordination mechanism, one of the main dynamics of ICM, plays a key role in establishing the strategic plan of coastal areas and small islands of Sukabumi Regency as well as approving and establishing annual work plans and financing plans for the implementation of ICM Sukabumi Regency programs, such as the integrated environmental monitoring program (IEMP), geopark development, waste management in the control of turtle on the beach of Pangumbahan. Each program implemented is the result of the implementation of ICM program consisting of identification, program planning, program implementation, adoption and evaluation monitoring. Each program is part of a well-designed and planned solution always being evaluated for further better improvement. The objective this activities is to find out how it operates and is being sustained, and how it has been applied to address priority issues.

Keywords: ICM, Coordination Mechanism, local government, Natural resources,

ICMPCC/PMO

A4-2213

78

ICCMBT 2021

Sustainability status of bay management (case study in Jor bay, East Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province)

M A Al Amin1*, L Adrianto2, T Kusumastanto3, Z Imran2, A Damar2

1Center for Coastal and Marine Resources Studies, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia 2Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Jl. Agatis, Darmaga Bogor, Bogor 16680, Indonesia 3Department of Economic and Environmental Resources, Faculty of Economic and Management, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Jl. Kamper Dramaga, Bogor. 16680, Indonesia


Jor Bay in East Lombok - West Nusatenggara is a small bay system characterized by a common pool resource, in which found a contestation of utilization among resources users. Even thought the bay has been manage by local institution namely Lembaga Pemangku Awiq-awiq Teluk Jor (LPATJ), but the role and perform of institutions in the manage the bay is still very low. To ensure the sustainability of bay, need to convergence the different resource users’ interest by balancing utilization to accommodate economical, ecological and social dimension. This study aimed to assess the sustainability status of bay management and design future sustainable bay management strategy. To measure the sustainability status, we used a sustainability index which intended developed to bay ecosystem form. The current sustainability status of Jor Bay management showed MODERATE level. The institutional dimension is providing the greatest sustainability value, while the lowest degree showed in the ecological dimension. The governability of Jor Bay management shows low institutional interaction, limited scale (local), minimal initiative and low willingness to cooperate among elements. For this reason, the ICM-based management mechanism (integrated coastal management) needs to be strengthened to ensure the functioning of the Teluk Jor Bay management system.

Keywords: Bay management; SES; Sustainability

A4-2214

79

ICCMBT 2021

Chemical Composition of Central Kalimantan Leptobarbus hoevenii, Blkr

Sugiyono1*, E Marraskuranto1 and E Chasanah1

1Research Center for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnology, Jl. KS Tubun, Petamburan 6, Jakarta, Indonesia


Leptobarbus hoevenii Blkr locally known as Ikan Jelawat is a fresh water fish, indigenous, high economic value and well known for having white and thick meat. We can find the fish in the river and other fresh water ponds in Kalimantan and Sumatra. The objective of the research was to study the chemical composition of wild Leptobarbus hoevenii Blkr. The fish has been harvested from a river of Central Kalimantan, and brought to the lab frozen. Results showed that the fish had edible portion ranging from 38.42% - 41.58%, moisture content of 81.55 + 0.61%, protein of 17.43 + 0.67%, ash of 0.95 + 0.11%, and fat of 0.84 + 0.51%. The fish had high macromineral content, i.e Kalium (K) of 225.00 + 9.89%, and micromineral Zn of 0.465 + 0.007%. Wild Leptobarbus hoevenii Blkr contained essential amino acid being the highest was methionine (102.274±18.996 mg/100g fish meat) and non-essential amino acid, being the highest was glycine (463.843 ± 127.31 mg/100 g fish meat).

Keywords:

B1-121

80

ICCMBT 2021

Proximate and nutrition analysis of chocolate bar with addition of mangrove leaves powder during the shelf life

S Sumartini1*, P W Ratrinia1, and K H Sitorus1

1Processing of Fisheries Product Study Program, Politeknik Kelautan dan Perikanan Dumai, Dumai, 28824


Exploration of the potential of mangrove leaves as an additive in food products has been widely carried out. Mangrove leaves contain primary and secondary metabolites that can be used to increase the nutritional value of food products, one of which is chocolate. The purpose of this part must be done to increase the economic value of local chocolate during storage. This research aims to determine the nutritional characteristic of diversification chocolate by adding mangrove leaves powder A officinalis (AO), A marina (AM), and R apiculata (RA) extract as a natural agent that can increase the shelf-life of the product. Chocolate is made with four different varieties of mangrove leaves powder addition (AM, AO, RA, and CO) and storage for 14 days at ambient temperature. This research method is an experimental laboratory with a randomized block design. Nutritional test results indicated that the most preferred product was chocolate made from RA (Rhizophora apiculata) mangrove leaves powder addition. The selected chocolate contains water content about 7.25-10.25%, ash content about 0,75-0,95%, fat content 28,77-29,33%, protein content about 4.86-5.70%, and carbohydrate content about 51.84-53.53%. Keywords: Chocolate; Mangrove Leaves; Nutrition; Proximate Analysis

B1-122

81

ICCMBT 2021

Systematic Review Effect of Raw Materials and Extraction Methods on Collagen Characteristics of Fish and Sea Cucumber

I D M R Wijaya1, I Setyaningsih1, M Safithri2, K Tarman1,3*

1Department of Aquatic Product Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University) 2Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University) 3Division of Marine Biotechnology, Center for Coastal and Marine Resources Studies, IPB University


Collagen is a type of structural protein composed of amino acids proline, hydroxyproline, alanine and glycine. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of raw materials and extraction methods on the characteristics of fish and sea cucumbers collagen from various literature sources. The research method was using the Systematic Literature Review for collagen from marine research at 2009 to 2020. This study was divided into several stages, including question identification, protocol development, determination of database, selection of research, extracting and synthesis of results, and presentation of results. The review showed that the highest yield of collagen was from fish skin and sea cucumber with enzymatic process correspondingly 23.90% and 16.31%, while from swimming bladders and fish scales with hydro-extraction was 21.34% and 10.16%, respectively. The highest glycine and proline of collagen was from fish scales and skin with hydro-extraction in a value of 38.45% and 12.78%. Collagen from fish and sea cucumber has a functional group at the peak of the absorption of amide A, amide B, amide I, amide II, and amide III.

Keywords: Amino Acid; Fish Scale; Fish Skin; Functional Group; Yield

B1-123

82

ICCMBT 2021

The Effect of addition mangrove leaves powder to lipid oxidation of chocolate bar during the shelf life

P W Ratrinia1*, S Sumartini1, and N E Hasibuan1



Mangrove leaves consist of antioxidants to covert the nutritional value during storage, to the handling of radical scavenging and lipid oxidation. Many kinds of mangrove species such as A.officinalis (AO), A.marina (AM), and R.apiculata (RA) with contains an antioxidant such as flavonoids, tannins, and saponin. The study was aimed to determine FFA Value, Peroxide Value (PV), vitamin C, and moisture content of chocolate by adding mangrove leaves powder (A.officinalis, A.marina, and R.apiculata) during storage 14 days at ambient temperature. The design used in this research was Randomized Block Design (RBD) using three different treatments for variety mangrove leaves powder. The test method used in this study are testing FFA Value, Peroxide Value (PV), vitamin C, and moisture content. The statistical analysis used in this study is the analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a confidence level of 95. %. The result showed that the storage time was significantly different (P<0,05) to FFA, PV, Vitamin C, moisture content. Chocolate with mangrove leaf powder from R. apiculata has the best result which is it has lowest percentage of FFA and PV during storage 14 days. In addition, chocolate with R. apiculata powder has the highest percentage of Vitamin C. In the conclusion, addition of mangrove leaves powder can reduce the potential for lipid oxidation in chocolate during 14-days storage period. Keywords: Antioxidant; Chocolate; Mangrove Leaves; Lipid Oxidation

B1-124

83

ICCMBT 2021

Assesment of the Skin Photoprotective Capasities from Coastal Plant of Melaleuca cajuputi Essential Oil as a Potential UV Filters

M Z H Rozaini1,3*, M U Osman2, M H Razali2, M F A Aziz3 and M S Azhar 1,3

1Institute of Marine and Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia 2Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia 3Faculty of Fishery and Food Sciences, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia


UV irradiation can cause cutaneous damage that may be specific according to the wavelength of UV rays. For example, damage from UVB irradiation manifests itself in the form of sunburn cells and enhancement of the expression of p53, while damage from UVA exposure results in an increase in the expression of vimentin. These reactions to UV irradiation were used in this work to evaluate the photoprotective capacities of two sunblock preparations that were applied to the surface of the skin. One sunblock preparation is a UVB absorber containing the coastal plant of melaleuca cajuputi essential oil and titanium oxide (TiO2) exclusively. The other sunblock preparation is a conventional sunblock containing oxybenzone as comparison. Result obtained for UV-Vis test was observed that the new formulation derived showed good absorption and exhibit high potential to be further develop as sunscreen in cosmeceutical applications

Keywords: Sunscreen; Coastal Plant; Miroemulsion; Melaleuca Cajuputi Essential Oil

B1-125

84

ICCMBT 2021

Nutrition of wet noodles with mangrove fruit flour during the shelf life by adding catechins as a source of antioxidants

S Sumartini1*and P W Ratrinia1

1Processing of Fisheries Product Study Program, Politeknik Kelautan dan Perikanan Dumai, Dumai, 28824.


Wet noodles are foods that are very popular with the public, but basically, noodles do not contain many important nutrients. Catechins are a class of antioxidant compounds that can be extracted from various plant sources. The manufacture of noodles from mangrove fruit flour with the addition of catechins is carried out with the aim of increasing the nutritional and nutritional value and improving the quality of wet noodles during the shelf life. The research method used an experimental design with a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 factors (K = Control, S = T. Mangrove fruit S. caseolaris). A (T. Mangrove fruit A.marina) and 3 test levels, namely storage time (0.3, and 5 days). The results were processed using SPSS version 22 software with one-way ANOVA. The results showed the value of water content in the range of 46.33-56.82%, protein content 3.88-6.83%, fat content 1.76-2.82%, ash content 0.04-0.18%, levels of carbohydrates 39.08-48.79%, fiber content 3.09-8.81%, antioxidant activity 5.11-47.74%. The results showed that seaweed fruit flour wet noodles with catechins as a source of antioxidants were able to improve the quality and nutrition of wet noodles during the shelf life. Keywords: Antioxidant; Catechin; Mangrove Fruit; Shelf Life; Wet Noodle

B2-126

85

ICCMBT 2021

The effect of addition different types of binders to the effervescent chemical characteristics of Sonneratia casolaris fruits

P W Ratrinia1*, S Sumartini1, and U I Komala1

1Processing of Fisheries Product Study Program, Politeknik Kelautan dan Perikanan Dumai, Dumai, 28824.


Sonneratia caseolaris fruit or often called pedada fruit is one of the most common types of mangrove fruit used as raw material for food processing because it has high nutritional and antioxidant content. One of the uses of Sonneratia caseolaris fruit that has not been widely explored is as an effervescent raw material. The purpose of this study was to determine the effervescent chemical characteristics of Sonneratia caseolaris fruit with the addition of several different types of binders. The research design used in this study was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) using four treatments using different binders, namely Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP), gelatin, Pulvis Gummi Arabicum (PGA), and maltodextrin. The test method used in this research is the analysis of water content, pH value, vitamin C, antioxidants, phenols, and soluble time. Statistical analysis used was the analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a 95% confidence level. The results showed that the use of different binders had a significantly different effect (P<0.05) on the test results for water content, pH, vitamin C, antioxidants, phenols, and soluble time. The addition of gelatin to the effervescent gave the best value on the results of the soluble time test, namely water content, antioxidants, and soluble time. Meanwhile, the addition of PGA gave the best value for the phenolic test results. The conclusion obtained from this study is that the addition of different binders can have a significantly different effect on the effervescent chemical characteristics of Sonneratia caseolaris fruit. Keywords: Binders; Effervescent; Sonneratia Caseolaris

B2-127

86

ICCMBT 2021

Nutritional composition and mineral analysis of the by-products from tropical marine species, purple-spotted bigeye and barracuda

A A Jaziri1,2, H Hasanuddin1, R Shapawi3, R A M Mokhtar4, W N M Noordin5 and N Huda1,6

1 Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia 2 Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Brawijaya, 65145 Malang, Indonesia 3 Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia 4 Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia 5 Fisheries Research Institute, Batu Maung, 11960 Penang, Malaysia 6 Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 57126 Surakarta, Indonesia


The aim of this study was to evaluate nutritional composition and macro- and micro-elements derived from the by-products of tropical marine fish species, purple-spotted bigeye (Priacanthus tayenus Richardson, 1846) and barracuda (Sphyraena obtusata Cuvier, 1829) extensively used for surimi production. The proximate composition showed significant differences (p < 0.05) and highly varied for all tested parameters. The contents of moisture, protein, fat, ash and carbohydrate for purple-spotted bigeye sample ranged 56.22-79.26%, 12.46-31.14%, 0.24-1.29%, 1.27-22.86% and 0.42-0.98%, respectively, while for barracuda contained moisture (55.76-79.86%), protein (18.46-27.29%), fat (0.05-2.55%), ash (1.22-24.36%) and carbohydrate (0.41-0.88%). For macro-elements analysis, both fish species had a higher level of calcium especially found in the fins, bone and skin of purple-spotted bigeye, achieving 61.60, 60.77 and 43.38 mg/g, respectively, whilst for barracuda only observed in the fins (73.12 mg/g) and bone (19.13 mg/g). Other macro-elements (magnesium, potassium and sodium), all tested samples showed lower than 4.5 mg/g. Furthermore, both samples were more dominant in zinc micro-element, but the levels of zinc were permissible limits recommended by the FAO/WHO and the Malaysian Food and Regulations. Similar results also found in copper of all examined samples. These by-products also possessed amount of selenium, which has an essential function on blocking oxidative stress in human cell. More importantly, the chromium, cadmium and lead elements were far below toxic levels regulated by the FAO/WHO and the MFR. Thus, the by-products used in this study may be used for potential food ingredients and for baseline information in the further experimentation.

Keywords: Purple-Spotted Bigeye; Barracuda; By-Products; Chemical Composition; Mineral

B2-128

87

ICCMBT 2021

Characterization of Spirulina and Seaweed Cookies with Different Concentrations of Spirulina platensis Biomass

K N Purba1, I Setyaningsih1, K Tarman1,2*

1Department of Aquatic Product Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University) 2Division of Marine Biotechnology, Center for Coastal and Marine Resources Studies, IPB University


Spirulina platensis is a microalga that has a high protein content. Spirulina platensis contains metabolites such as tannins, alkaloids, fenols, saponins and steroids. A red seaweed Eucheuma cottonii has a high fiber content. Spirulina and cottoni can be used as additional ingredients in making cookies to enrich the protein and crude fiber content. This study was conducted using three formulae of cookies and control, namely containing different concentration of S. platensis (0%, 1.5%, 3.0%, dan 4.0%) with the addition of 25 g E. cottonii and backed using temperature of 150 oC for 20 minutes. The protein content in cookies increased with the addition of S. platensis powder. The protein content of the cookies with different Spirulina concentration correspondingly was 1.07%, 2.50%, 3.60%, and 4.35%. Cookies with 3% Spirulina was the selected formula. The Spirulina cookies contained 3.6% protein and 4.8% crude fiber. Phytochemical compounds detected in the cookies with 3% Spirulina were steroids.

Keywords: Biscuit; Formula; Phytochemical; Red Seaweed

B2-129

88

ICCMBT 2021

A Review on The Difference of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Bioplastic from Seaweed Hydrocolloids with Various Plasticizers

M A Budiman1, Uju1, K Tarman1,2*

1Department of Aquatic Product Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University 2Division of Marine Biotechnology, Center for Coastal and Marine Resources Studies, IPB University


Seaweed hydrocolloids such as alginate and carrageenan extracted from brown and red algae have the potential to be developed as bioplastic. Bioplastic is a polymer from natural materials that are biodegradable. Alginate and carrageenan based bioplastics are brittle and inelastic. Plasticizers such as glycerol, sorbitol and polyethylene glycol can be added to formulate plastic to improve its properties. The aim of the research was to determine the physico-chemical properties of the bioplastic made from seaweed hydrocolloids with various additions of plasticizers. The data used in this study were taken from several accredited national journals and international publications. The data were presented quantitatively and synthesized narratively to answer the hypothesis of the study. The results showed that the addition of plasticizer in bioplastic preparation affected the physico-chemical properties of bioplastics. The thickness and elongation at break of bioplastic increased after the plasticizers addition. However, the tensile strength of the bioplastic has decreased after added with plasticizer.

Keywords: Alginate; Carrageenan; Hydrocolloids; Plasticizers

B3-1210

89

ICCMBT 2021

A study of the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, activity of fucoidan from brown seaweeds

M Manggau1*, S Kasim1, N Fitri1, N Aulia1, A N Agustiani1, M Raihan1 and W B Nurdin2

1Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, 2Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Hasanuddin University


The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticoagulant is essential to prevent cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of death. This study investigate effect of fucoidan obtained from of brown algae Sargassum polycistum were studied to examine the effect of fucoidan on their biological activities. The antioxidant activity using FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) methode showed an IC50 value of 91.306 ppm compared to vitamin C as positive control which had an IC50 value of 4,1667 ppm, Fucoidan showed strong antioxidant activity. Whereas, the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of fucoidan from brown algae Sargassum polycystum has been done by the artificial oedema formation method using CFA (Completed Freund's Adjuvant). This study used 25 mice divided into 5 groups, namely the positive control group (Diclofenac sodium), negative control (NaCMC), the fucoidan compounds (doses of 10, 50, and 250 mg/kg). Edema measurements were carried out using a pletismometer. The results showed that the fucoidan had an anti-inflammatory effect that was not significantly with positive controls and significantly different from negative controls. In the anticoagulant activity 25 mice were divided into 5 treatment groups, namely negative control (NaCMC), positive control (Warfarin) 5 mg/kg, fucoidan sample with the dosage of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg. The measurement of bleeding time and blood clotting time was carried out after 60 minutes of treatment, by cutting the mice tails as long as 0.5 cm from the tip of the tail. The measurement of bleeding time was observed every 30 seconds of blood that came out dripped on filter paper until the bleeding stopped, while the measurement of blood clotting time was done by placing 2-3 drops of blood on the object glass and followed by observation on the formation of fibrin fibers from the blood specimen every 30 seconds using lancet. The test results were analyzed using One Way Anova and Least Significantly Difference. The results showed that the fucoidan dosage of 100 mg/kg has anticoagulant activity comparable to warfarin 5 mg/kgBW. From this study it can be concluded, that fucoidan isolated from Sargassum polycistum has potency to prevent and treat cardiovasculer disease.

Keywords: Antioxidant; Anti-Inflammatory; Anticoagulant; Fucoidan; Sargassum Polycistum

B3-1211

90

ICCMBT 2021

Effect of drying and extraction methods on Sargassum sp. antioxidant activity: a literature review

N F Astuti1, J Santoso1, K Tarman1,2*

1Department of Aquatic Product Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University 2Division of Marine Biotechnology, Center for Coastal and Marine Resources Studies, IPB University


Antioxidants are active compounds that play a role in preventing the negative effects of free radicals. The purpose of this study was to identify, analyze and compare literature sources on the effect of drying and extraction methods with different solvents on the antioxidant activity of Sargassum sp. The average of total phenol of the oven and shade-dried Sargassum extract was 1.333±0.615 mg GAE/g and 24.020±4.029 mg GAE/g dry weight, respectively, with the highest average in shade-dried sample. The polarity of the solvents resulted different extract yield. The average of total phenol of the semi polar extract was 4.132±2.565 mg GAE/g, while the polar extract was 17.135±6.032 mg GAE/g. The antioxidant activity of the shade and oven-dried Sargassum extract correspondingly was 63.12±31.09 ppm and 1840.85±1059.46 ppm. The strongest antioxidant activity was the extract from shade-dried sample. The average of antioxidant activity of polar and semi-polar extract was 45.55±9.11 ppm and 98.14±6.03 ppm, respectively. The highest average of antioxidant activity was the sample extracted using polar solvent. This study concludes that the extract from shade dried sample which extracted with polar solvents showed the strongest antioxidant activity.

Keywords: Antioxidant; Drying Method; Extraction; Phenol; Polarity

B3-1212

91

ICCMBT 2021

Antioxidant Activities of Acetone Extract of Sargassum polycystum from Different Parts of Thallus

J Santoso1*, K Khasanah1, K Tarman1, I K Sumandiarsa2

1Teknologi Hasil Perairan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Institut Pertanian Bogor 2Politeknik Ahli Usaha Perikanan, Jakarta


Brown alga Sargassum polycystum in Indonesian waters is quite abundant and several studies show that brown alga has antioxidant activities higher than that of red and green algae. Analysis of active compounds in the alga is generally carried out as a whole of macroalga thallus. This research was carried out to study the effect of thallus parts, namely basal, middle, and tip on the antioxidant activity and fucoxanthin content in acetone extract of S. polycystum. The extraction was performed by ultrasonic-assisted method using 90% acetone. The basal part contained the highest fucoxanthin of 1.00±0.025 mg/kg, while the highest antioxidant activity was in the tip part of 65.78±5.31 µg/mL for the DPPH method, 383.19±8.81 µmol ascorbic acid/g for the CUPRAC method, and 964.75±3.91 µmol Fe(II)/g for the FRAP method. This study shows antioxidant activity had a negative correlation with the fucoxanthin content. It is concluded that fucoxanthin was not the major contributor to antioxidant activity acetone extract of S. polycystum thallus.

Keywords: Antioxidant; Brown Alga; Fucoxanthin; Sargassum Polycystum; Thallus

B3-1213

92

ICCMBT 2021

Characteristics and Bioactivity of Microencapsulation Halymenia Durvillae Crude Extract

T S Khatulistiania1*, I Munifaha1, D A Oktaviaa1, E Marraskurantoa1

1Research and Development Center for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnology, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Indonesia


Halymenia durvillae was common red algae in Indonesia. Its active compound could inhibit oxidation and can be used as a natural colorant. Therefore, it has a potency as food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical material. Microencapsulation could be the solution to preserve H.durvillae crude extract. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of microencapsulated H. durvillae (MHD) and its bioactivity (antioxidant and antityrosinase). The samples of H. durvillae. were extracted by maceration method with distilled water (ratio 1:2, w/v) for 24 hours at cold temperature. Emulsion characteristics (viscosity, color, R-PE content, and surface morphology) were determined using Brookfield DV2T, Colorflax EZ Hunterlab, UV/VIS spectrophotometry (λ 455, 565, and 592 nm), and Jeol-SEM. The antioxidant and antityrosinase were determined using Ferric Reducing/Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and mushroom tyrosinase assays. The highest viscosity were obtained in MHD A (4,64±0,06 Cp). Based on the CIE L* a* b* analysis, all samples gave a pinkish color, and the R-PE content for all treatments were not significant. The coating materials of the samples (MHD A, B, C, D) were completely covered the active compound, they have wrinkled shape, but lots of crack in the control (MHD E). The highest antioxidant obtained in MHD A (171,47±12,73 µM/μg extract) inhibition (p < 0,05), while the antityrosinase activity is too low in all microencapsulation treatments (p > 0,05). Microencapsulation could be the solution to preserve the physical appereance and active compound of Halymenia durvillae extract more longer, also it has a potency to be an antioxidant agent for cosmetics, food, and pharmaceutical ingredient.

Keywords: Halymenia Durvillae; Microencapsulation; Characteristic; Bioactivity; Natural

Colorant

B4-1214

93

ICCMBT 2021

In-vitro potential of Sargassum sp. as a natural antibacterial agent against fish pathogens

E N Zainuddin1,2*, A Massinai1, R D Amalia1, N Rahmah1, Rustam1,2

1Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia 2CEDUST, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia


Diseases in cultured aquatic organisms have always been an obstacle in the development of intensive systems. The use of synthetic antibiotics often has a negative impact if used inappropriately and excessively, both for preventive measures and as treatment. To overcome this problem, the use of seaweed products such as Sargassum sp. as a natural antibiotic can be used as an alternative without side effects. The method used consisted of successive extraction with a stirrer, followed by an antibacterial activity and a MIC tests using agar diffusion method. The results showed that Sargassum sp. has moderate antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria of Vibrio spp. with the inhibition zone diameters as follows: Vibrio harveyi (11.00 mm), Vibrio alginolyticus (10.16 mm), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (9.33 mm). The same activity was also shown by extracts of Sargassum sp. against Aeromonas hydrophila with an inhibition zone diameter of 10.00 mm. No inhibitory activity was detected from seaweed extract against Flavobacterium sp. and Serratia sp. These results indicate that Sargassum sp. has the potential to be used as a natural antibacterial agent to prevent or treat several diseases in fish.

Keywords: Sargassum Sp.; Natural Antibacterial Agent; Fish Pathogens

B4-1215

94

ICCMBT 2021

In silico analysis of Gracilaria changii proteins for potential bioactive peptides

N S Kazi1, M A Amiza1*, A Fisal1, S A Razali2 and F Hashim2

1Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus. Terengganu, Malaysia. 2Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus. Terengganu, Malaysia.


Gracilaria changii is a red seaweed species in Malaysia with high protein content (12.57% (dry basis)). Thus, G. changii proteins are potential precursors for producing bioactive peptides. To date, no study has been reported on the potential of G. changii proteins as potential precursors for bioactive peptides. In this study, fourteen G. changii proteins were selected as potential precursors of bioactive peptides using in silico approach. It was found that the most potential bioactivity were dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP IV) inhibitory and angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities. Papain, ficin and stem bromelain were used for in-silico proteolysis. Stem bromelain was found to be more effective in terms of release of fragments with given activity. Furthermore, two tripeptides (ACF and YCL) were screened as a novel and promising bioactive peptide. The characteristics of both peptides were also analyzed using PeptideRanker, PepCalc, Peptide Cutter, ToxinPred, AllerTop and AHTpin bioinformatic tools. The bioinformatic tools predicted that both peptides were non toxic, non allergen and highly potential. The present work suggests that G. changii can serve as a potential source of bioactive peptides and these findings can provide a basis for future in-vitro and in-vivo study of bioactive peptides from G. changii proteins.

Keywords: Gracilaria Changii, Bioactive Peptides, In Silico, ACE Inhibitor, DPP-IV Inhibitor

B4-1216

95

ICCMBT 2021

Antibacterial activity of functional bioactive peptides derived from fish protein hydrolysate

N Baco1, S N H Oslan1, and N Huda1*

1Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia.


In fish processing, by-product removal is estimated from 25 to 70% from improper fish production handling and major problems in the fish industry today. However, one of the effective strategies to manage this raw material, including skin, bones, heads, and viscera, is by converting their protein into peptides through hydrolysis methods, producing fish protein hydrolysate (FPH). FPH have been reported consisting bioactive properties such as antibacterial, antihypertensive, antioxidative, anticancer and anticoagulant. The bioactivity could be fully utilized for the future in the nutraceuticals as well as the food industry. Numerous studies were reported on the acceptability of FPH in obtaining bioactive properties from different fish to obtain bioactive properties, particularly on antibacterial activity. This review discusses functional bioactive peptides derived from fish protein hydrolysate, which potentially be used as antibacterial activity through growth inhibition of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, also covers the different species and part of fish, and methods of hydrolysis in order to maximize the yields of activity.

Keywords: Fish Protein Hydrolysate; Bioactive Peptides; Antibacterial Activity; Different Fish

Species; Food Industry

B4-1217

96

ICCMBT 2021

Study of Changes in Freshness Quality of Mackerel (Scomberomorus Commerson) with Extract Concentration and Variation of Mangrove Leaves

R P Sari1, Sumartini2

1Capture Fisheries Study Program, Politeknik Kelautan dan Perikanan Dumai, Dumai, 28824

2Processing of Fisheries Product Study Program Politeknik Kelautan dan Perikanan Dumai, Dumai, 28824


Mackerel is one of the economic and important fish that human like, but fresh mackerel is a perishable food product that can rot easily. Deterioration in fish quality is inevitable and occurs very quickly in wet products that have high water and protein content, such as fish, milk, and meat. The main cause of fish deterioration process is by the microbial activity found in its body which quickly occurs after dies, these changes include autolysis, enzymatic changes, biochemical changes, chemical changes, and microbiological changes. The research method used was an experimental design with a completely randomized design (CRD) with 2 factors of factorial pattern (Rhizophora sp Leaf Extract & Avicennia sp Leaf Extract) and 3 test levels (2%, 3%, and 4%). The data were processed by using SPSS Version 22 software. The results of this study indicated that mangrove leaf extract could increase the organoleptic value and inhibit the rate of fish spoilage compared to samples without the addition of mangrove leaf extract. The best treatment was obtained by samples with the addition of Rhizophora sp mangrove leaf extract by 4% because it could maintain freshness and safe limits for consumption for 8 hours of storage in room temperature compared to control which was only 4 hours.

Keywords:

B1-221

97

ICCMBT 2021

Characterization and Identification of Marine Sediment Isolation Bacteria Producing Extracellular Enzymes Marine Polysaccharides, and Molecular Detection of Enzyme Coding Gene

K G Bondar1,2, M T Sibero1,2*

1Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Diponegoro. Jl. Prof. H. Soedarto, S.H., Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Central Java, Indonesia. Tel.: +62-24-7474698, Fax.: +62-24-7474698 2Natural Product Laboratory, Integrated Laboratory for Research and Services, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia


The utilizing of carbohydrase enzyme from bacteria in industrial sector has increasing over time. Improving the quality of enzymes production from extreme environments bacteria causes the discovery of potential bacteria from marine ecosystems. This study aimed at screening carbohydrase enzyme producing bacteria Panjang island marine sediment and detection of their enzyme coding genes. A total of 12 bacterial isolates were obtained from the sediment sample. Out of these, seven isolates were selected on the basis of biochemical characteristics and enzyme production result. Based on the calculation of enzyme activity index, isolate PP.K.15 showed the highest carrageenase production of 2.88, isolate PP.K.21 showed the best alginate-lyase production of 2.43, isolate PP.K.6 on amylase production of 3.56, and isolate PP.K.20 showed the best agarase production of 1.77. PCR amplification and detection of the enzyme encoding gene confirmed the presence of the enzyme gene in the selected isolates. According to 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence-based identification, all selected isolates belong to Basillus safensis (PP. K.6), Salinicola zeshunii (PP.K.11), Sinomicrobium oceani (PP.K.11), Micrococcus luteus (PP. K.15; PP.K.21), Salinicoccus cyprini (PP.K.23), and Qipengyuania flava (PP.K.22).

Keywords: Bacteria; Sediment; Carbohydrase; Enzyme Activity Index

B1-222

98

ICCMBT 2021

Diversity and fluctuation of cultivable Vibrio bacteria population in an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) system of Holothuria scabra, Chanos chanos and Gracilaria sp.

D A Anggorowati1* and H Munandar1

1Research and Development Division for Marine Bio Industry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) Jl. Raya Senggigi, Teluk Kodek, Pemenang, North Lombok, Indonesia 83352


Aquaculture is a strategic sector for food production and plays a vital role in supporting the country's economic development. Sea cucumber is one of the important aquaculture commodities in the global market. Progressive demand and limiting the supply of sea cucumber from natural sources drove the development technique of sea cucumber aquaculture. IMTA, an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture system, was a polyculture system in aquaculture to improves aquatic animals' production by promoting nutrient utilisation through different tropical levels. This system combines sea cucumber (Holothuria scabra), milkfish (Chanos chanos), and seaweed (Gracillaria sp.) in a rearing tank system. Several factors are affecting the success of IMTA processes, including microorganisms. Microorganisms in the aquaculture environment play a crucial role in elements cycling, energy flow and farmed-species health. Diseases caused by the bacteria, mostly from the Vibrionaceae family, are often chronic than acute and may also cause a high percentage of mortality which is highly induced by environmental stress. This study aimed to investigate the bacterial diversity and fluctuation of Vibrio in the water of IMTA rearing tanks. The result indicated that the Vibrio bacterial diversity from the polyculture system (IMTA) was generally higher than the monoculture system. Vibrio bacteria populations from different culture systems have been found to consist of the same bacterial species, however, the predominant species was varied. The increase in Vibrio level is generally associated with decaying feed and faeces. Twenty species of bacteria were identified from IMTA and monoculture systems. The polyculture system is suggested as a sustainable and eco-friendly culture system.

Keywords: Microorganism; Vibrio Spp.; IMTA; Bacteria; Diversity; Aquaculture System

B1-223

99

ICCMBT 2021

Detection of native peptides from Channa striata extract using de novo sequencing

E Chasanah1*, S Budiari2, and M A Kurnianto3

1Research Center for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnology, Jl. KS Tubun, Petamburan 6, Jakarta, Indonesia 2Research Center for Chemistry- LIPI, Kawasan PUSPITEK Gedung 452, Setu Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15314 3Food Science Study Program, Graduate School, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia


Channa striata or Snakehead fish is wellknown as medicinal fish in several Asian countries including Indonesia. It is rich in fungsional amino acid as well as high protein. Our previous study showed that the fish extract was active as ACE inhibitor in vitro, in which 5 – 10 kDa fraction of 50% ethanol extract has the potential ACE inhibitory activity (4,76% inhibition of ACE/g protein). This study aims to identify the native peptide in the Channa striata extract using LC-MS MS. The 5 – 10 kDa extract fraction was further purified using Sephadex G-50, then the major peak fraction was treated with trypsin and untreated, before analyzed using LC-MSMS. Result showed that untreatment fraction had better results compared to trypsin treated one, indicated that the major peak fraction contains native peptide. We identified the presence of a 25.8 kDa Beta-actin fragmen using Channa striata data base, and 2 peptides GQVITIGNER, VITIGNER that meet requirement software Proteome Discoverer 2.1. De Novo sequencing resulted of 319 peptida with ALC> 70%. Bioinformatics study revealed that the native peptide resulted from de novo sequencing was rich in inhibitor ACE peptide. Implication of this results is Channa striata contains native peptide that is potential as inhibitor ACE or anti hipertension.

Keywords:

B1-224

100

ICCMBT 2021

Application of Mitochondrial DNA and real-time PCR for Rapid Detection of Endangered Shark Species in Fishery Products

A Abdullah1,5*, P Rianti2, I Yulianto3,4, A E Ratih1

1Department of Aquatic Product Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Bogor, Indonesia. 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Bogor, Indonesia. 3Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) Indonesia Program, Indonesia 4Department of Fishery Resources Utilisation, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University, Indonesia 5Molecular Science Research Group, Advanced Research Laboratory, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Bogor, Indonesia.


Sharks are traded in fins, fish oil, and used as substitutes for animal food, so the identification process using morphological and meristic methods is difficult. The availability of new fishery products introduced into international markets has increased public awareness of food safety and authenticity issues. In the present study, two mitochondrial DNA gene regions and a real-time PCR technique were utilized to identify important sharks’ species in Indonesia. This study aimed to develop novel specific primers for Appendix II CITES endangered shark groups (Sphyrna lewini, Alopias pelagicus, Carcharhinus falciformis) and apply them to the fishery products. Analysis using COI and 12S rRNA genes showed that species-specific primers successfully amplified S. lewini, C. falciformis, and A. pelagicus species in fishery products. The method is suggested to be adopted in the Indonesian seafood traceability system.

Keywords: COI; 12S rRNA; Species Identification; Sharks; Processed Products

B1-225

101

ICCMBT 2021

Antifungal Effect of Bacterial Extracts (Postbiotic) on Crustacean Pathogen

E J Joning1, A S K Yong1, C Y Ang1, S Dan2, K Hamsaki2 and M T M Lal1,*

1Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia 2Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan


Pathogenic marine fungi, Lagenidium thermophilum is known causative agent in the crustacean industry. Current disinfection practice in hatchery has risks and negative impacts which prompts suitable substitute to synthetic antifungal agents. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the antifungal potential of postbiotic from four potential probiotics towards marine oomycetes, L. thermophilum IPMB 1401. The screening test showed that the Lactobacillus plantarum GS12 and B. cereus GS15 postbiotics were positive for antifungal activity on L. thermophilum IPMB 1401. These two bacterial extracts have minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at 50%. The toxicity assay on MIC level of the postbiotic revealed that the cumulative mortality of brine shrimp exposed to B. cereus postbiotic was significantly lower compared to L. plantarum GS12 postbiotic and formalin. This indicates a high potential of B. cereus GS15 as a prospect for alternative control method for fungal infections in the crustacean culture industry.

Keywords: Aquaculture; Disease Control; Alternative Treatment Method; Biocide.

B2-226

102

ICCMBT 2021

Antimicrobial Potential of Nudibranch Chromodoris lineolata Associated Bacteria Againts Skin Diseases Pathogents

A Sabdono1, M T Sibero1,2*, A P Wijaya1,2 and O K Radjasa1

1Center for Coastal and Marine Resources Studies, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia 2Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Jl. Agatis, Darmaga Bogor, Bogor 16680, Indonesia 3Department of Economic and Environmental Resources, Faculty of Economic and Management, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Jl. Kamper Dramaga, Bogor. 16680, Indonesia


Skin disease is the fourth most common disease caused by infection of opportunistic pathogens on the skin. Skin disease are generally treated by antibiotic products. However, overuse of antibiotics can increase the resistance of pathogens to various classes of antibiotics. Therefore, the study of new antibiotic compounds againts MDR pathogens are urgently needed. This study aims to isolate nudibranch Chromodoris lineolata associated bacteria with antimicrobial activity againts various skin pathogens and detect the presence of PKS I, PKS II, and NRPS genes through a molecular approach. Screening of the isolates antimicrobial activity using agar plug method indicated that 4 bacterial strains namely TA.3.8; P.10.5; P.10.6; and P.10.11 showed antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acne, Candida albicans, and Malassezia furfur. Molecular identification through BLAST homology showed that strain TA.3.8; P.10.5; P.10.6; and P.10.11 has similarity to Streptomyces lateritius, Labrenzia marina, Bacillus stratosphericus, and Halomonas meridiana. The detection of the biosynthetic gene cluster showed that the PKS II gene was detected in Streptomyces lateritius and Labrenzia marina with the base pair range of 600bp-650bp. However, the antimicrobial test using the disc diffusion method showed that the crude extracts of Streptomyces lateritius and Bacillus stratosphericus didn’t showed any antimicrobial activity.

Keywords: Antimicrobial; Bacteria; MDR; NRPS; Nudibranch; PKS

B2-227

103

ICCMBT 2021

The potential natural preservative from various mangrove fruit extract as a bacterial growth resistor in Euthynnus affinis

K S Harahap1, Sumartini1, S A Ikhsan2*

1Processing of Fisheries Product Study Program, Polytechnic of Marine and Fisheries Dumai, Dumai, Riau Province, 28824 2Catching Fisheries Study Program, Polytechnic of Marine and Fisheries Dumai, Dumai, Riau Province, 28824


This research was conducted to study the effect of various of mangrove fruit submersion as a bacterial growth resistor is in Euthynnus affinis in the proccess of preserving the fish. The designed used in this research was with experimental design using 4 treatments (Avicennia sp., Sonneratia sp., and Bruguierra sp.) mangrove extract with submersion fruit: water (3:1). The parameters which being observed included the organoleptic test, total plate count number test, pH test, moisture content and protein content. The result of the study showed that the lowest total bacterial colonies were found in the treatment of Avicennia sp. mangrove's fruit extract which was 7,78x103. The use of mangrove fruit extract in this study was able to extend the shelflife for fresh fish for one week with refrigerated temperature.

Keywords: Mangrove Fruit; TPC; Shelf Life; Fish

B2-228

104

ICCMBT 2021

Emulsion Formulations Optimization of Pregnancy Supplement Based on Tuna Eye Virgin Fish Oil and Fish Protein Hydrolisate using Mixture Design

W Trilaksani1, U D Syafitri 2, B Riyanto1 and S Fauziah1*

1Department of Aquatic Product Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia 2Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematic and Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia


Currently Indonesia is facing serious nutritional problem causing stunting reach almost 30,8% of children population requiring a completion of protein, mineral and brain nutrition specifically docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Dried bonito and tuna eyes rich in protein and DHA to facilitate in fulfilment of nutrition requirement. This study intended to determine the optimization of pregnancy supplement emulsion formulations based on tuna eye virgin fish oil and dried bonito protein hydrolysate using mixture design. The research comprising preparation, extraction, and characterization of tuna eye virgin-fish oil, alongside hydrolysis and characterization of dried bonito protein and completed with optimization of emulsion formulations using mixture experiment {3.1} simplex-lattice design with axial points. The optimal formula obtained was 40.40% tuna eye virgin fish oil, 25.69% dried bonito protein hydrolysate, and 33.40% egg yolk. This formula provide 210 mg DHA/81 g, therefore with 27 g/serving size 3 times consumption per day will meet the daily DHA needs of pregnant women, and donate 4,4 g protein hydrolisate contain bioactive peptides. This supplement formula is expected to contribute in fulfilment especially DHA requirement preventing stunting impact.

Keywords: Bioactive Peptides; Bonito; Design; Docosahexaenoic Acid; Stunting

B2-229

105

ICCMBT 2021

Extraction of Heparin from Tuna Gut (Thunnus sp.) as an Anticoagulant Agent

H B Kartika1, S D Hardiningtyas1 and K Tarman1

1Department of Aquatic Product technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Jl. Agatis Darmaga Bogor, Bogor 16680, Indonesia


Heparin is one of anticoagulants has been clinically used as a drug for patients with thrombotic disorders. Pharmaceutical grade heparin is commonly made from mammalian animal tissues such as bovine and porcine, however, this also limit the use of mammalian heparin because considered high risk among groups with religious restrictions and the occurrence of bovine encephalitis spore. Recently glycosaminoglycan or heparin itself, has been found in non-mammalian animals, such as fish or other invertebrates with properties identical or mimicking mammalian heparin. This research used tuna gut obtained from tuna derivatives manufacturer as raw material for preparing heparin. The aim of the study was to determine the best papain enzyme concentration for the extraction of heparin from different parts of tuna gut, to obtain the characteristics of selected pure heparin derived from different parts of tuna gut and to determine the anticoagulant activity of selected pure heparin. Part of tuna gut used for this research are stomach, liver and combination of pyloric caeca with intestine. The extraction of heparin from tuna gut done with papain enzymes in concentrations of 20, 40 and 60 U/mL, respectively, then the crude heparin purified with acetone solution. The result shows tuna’s stomach produced the highest heparin concentration, furthermore, 40 U/mL enzyme papain is the best concentration for extracting heparin. Compound from tuna gut showed the characteristics of heparin-like functional group and exhibited low anticoagulant activity.

Keywords: Anticoagulant; Concentration; Chemical Structure; Fish Gut; Heparin

B3-2210

106

ICCMBT 2021

Distribution of saxitoxin producing algae in Jakarta Bay and the implication to saxitoxin concentration in mussel species

Dwiyitno1*, G R Barokah1, and R K Rustiani2

1Research Center for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnology, Jl. KS Tubun Petamburan VI, Jakarta 10260. 2Graduate School of Fisheries Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University,Jl. Raya Palka No.Km 3, Panancangan, Kec. Cipocok Jaya, Serang, Banten 42124


Harmful algae blooms (HABs) have been associated with an annual incidence in Jakarta Bay. The present study aimed to investigate the concentration of dinoflagellates producing saxitoxins (STXs) in Jakarta and the STXs concentration in mussel species from this coastal water. A sampling of plankton, green mussel, and measurement of environmental parameters were conducted during the wet season and dry season. Water nutrients of Jakarta Bay, mainly nitrite, nitrate, ammonia, and sulfate in some green mussel aquaculture, have exceeded the recommended concentration (Governmental Law No.82/2001 on Water Quality and Water Pollution Management) that support the eutrophication/algae bloom. Plankton identification found STXs producing dinoflagellates such as Alexandrium sp and Gymnodinium sp at Cilincing and Kalibaru regions. Other species of dinoflagellates and diatom showed predominantly to trigger algae bloom i.e., Skeletonema, Chaetoceros, Prorocentrum, Gonyaulax, Protoperidinium, and Nitzchia. STX producing dinoflagellates were identified in the coastal water with an N/P ratio between 10-18. Further analysis of mussel samples showed saxitoxin in green mussel (Perna viridis) and blood mussel (Anadara granosa). They include STX, GTX, and neo-STX at a concentration of up to 50 mg/kg, which is relatively far below the official maximum limit (800 mg/kg) as set by FAO/WHO or national standard (SNI 3460.1:2009). Keywords: Jakarta Bay; Saxitoxin; Mussel; Algae Bloom

B3-2211

107

ICCMBT 2021

Antioxidant activity of mangrove leaf tea powder with leave maturity and variation of mangrove types Sonneratia alba and Rhizopora mucronata

Sumartini1*, P W Ratrinia1



Mangrove leaves are green plants that have high antioxidant potential and bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids/tannins, phenols, catechins, saponins, triterpenoids, and many other compounds. growing environment, mangrove leaf species, and mangrove leaf age. Based on the many properties of the two types of mangroves, mangrove leaves have the potential to be used as raw materials for making alternative drinks such as tea. The research method used is an experimental design with a completely randomized design (CRD) with a factorial pattern with 2 factors (Rhizophora sp leaves & extracts). Sonneratia sp) and 2 test levels (old and young leaves). The data were processed using SPSS Version 22 software. The results showed that mangrove leaf tea has the potential to be used as an alternative drink with high antioxidant activity (strong-very strong) with an IC50 value in the range of 49.76-50.12 with the highest antioxidant activity value obtained by leaves. Rhizophora mucronata (RM2) tea with old leaves as raw material.

Keywords: Tea; Mangrove Leaves; Antioxidan; Sonneratia; Rhizopor

B3-2212

108

ICCMBT 2021

Antioxidant Capacity of Dry Sea Cucumber Holothuria edulis, Pearsonothuria graeffei and Stichopus herrmanni from Boalemo Waters, Gorontalo Indonesia

M Nursid1*, D A Hadiati2, T Winanto2

1Research Center for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnology, Jl. KS. Tubun Petamburan VI Jakarta 10260, Indonesia 2Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, University of Jenderal Soedirman, Jl. HR Boenyamin, Purwokerto, 53123 Indonesia


Sea cucumber was marine invertebrate from class Holothuroidea, and phylum Echinoderm that possessed various bioactive compounds. Estimation of antioxidant properties of sea cucumber and evaluation of their antioxidant ability was the aim of this study. The antioxidant properties of sea cucumbers were estimated by FRAP and CUPRAC assay and for control, ascorbic acid and Trolox were used. The samples were dried sea cucumber of Holothuria edulis, Pearsonothuria graeffei and Stichopus herrmannii from Boalemo, Gorontalo. The three samples had various antioxidant capacity. H. edulis had the highest value, both in FRAP and CUPRAC assay, followed by P. graeffei and S. herrmanni. The FRAP values were 48,47; 28,32; dan 11,95 µM/L, respectively and the CUPRAC values were 6,5; 5,9; dan 1,49 µmol Trolox/g extract. The result showed correlativity between FRAP value and CUPRAC value, however those values revealed that the samples had low antioxidant capacity. It suggested that bioactive compounds from samples couldn’t reduce Fe3+ and Cu2+ ions entirely.

Keywords: Antioxidant capacity, Sea cucumber, FRAP, CUPRAC

B3-2213

109

ICCMBT 2021

Effect of Alkaline -Ultrasonic Pretreatment on Solid Waste Agar Industry to Produce Bioethanol

Uju1,2*, B G Pamungkas1, I Winarni3, J Santoso2, T Wibowo4

1Department of Aquatic Product Technology, IPB University, Bogor 2Surfactant and Bioenergy Research Center, IPB University, Bogor 3Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Keteknikan Kehutanan dan Pengolahan Hasil Hutan, Bogor 4Pusat Kebijakan APBN, Jakarta


Bioethanol is produced from cellulosic materials through several stages of the process. Solid waste of agar has potential as raw material for bioethanol because it contains cellulose, cheap feedstock, and low lignin content. Naturally, cellulose is difficult to be hydrolyzed by cellulase due to the strong intra-inter hydrogen bonds of cellulose. Pretreatment is the step of lignocellulosic bioethanol to breakdown lignin and to reduce the recalcitrance of cellulose. This study aims to determine the effect and pretreatment time of alkaline-ultrasonication to increase total content of reducing sugars and ethanol. The research includes sample preparation, pretreatment of ultrasonication in alkaline at different times, 60, 90 and 120 min, saccharification and fermentation and distillation. Cellulose is identified in the functional group analysis characterized by a peak at wave number 1058 cm-1. The pretreatment of 120 min ultrasonication resulted in the highest total content of reducing sugar and ethanol content of 83.01 mg/mL and 2.48% respectively. The pretreatment also resulted in the highest ethanol yield and fermentation efficiency of 29.94% and 58.71% respectively.

Keywords: Alkaline; Bioethanol; Solid Waste Agar Industry; Ultrasonication

B4-2214

110

ICCMBT 2021

Aliphatic Polyester Biodegradation by Associated-Bacteria from Stony Coral in The Karimunjawa National Park

P A Widyananto1,*, S I Muchlissin1,2, A Sabdono1,2 and O K Radjasa2,3

1Marine Science Department, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. H. Soedarto, S.H. Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Indonesia; 2 Tropical Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, Marine Science Department, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. H. Soedarto, S.H. Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Indonesia; 3 Deputy of Earth Sciences, Indonesia Institute of Science, Jl. Gatot Subroto, Kuningan, South Jakarta, DKI Jakarta 12710 Indonesia.


Plastic waste is one of the environmental pollutants that is difficult to degrade. The spread of plastic waste is almost everywhere even in the ocean especially in coral reef ecosystem. Non-degradable plastic like polyethylene, polyprophyelen, and polystyrene are began to be partially replaced with biodegradable plastic materials (i.e polycaprolactone) as a strategy to reduce non-degradable polymer materials. Hence, the aim of this study is to find the potential of polycaprolactone biodegradation from associated-bacteria from stony coral in Karimunjawa National Park. Coral samples were isolated in July 2020 from areas with influence by anthropogenic. Bacterial isolates were screened using tributyrin and polycaprolactone as substrates to reveal potential polyester degradation enzymes. The result obtained only one active bacterial isolate that potential to degrade polycaprolactone from total 18 isolates bacteria. LBB 2 showed that strain can degrade polycaprolactone by 8 days incubation period with 4 days in room temperature and 4 days in 4°C incubation room. Bacterial identification by 16S rRNA sequences showed that strain LBB 2 refers to the bacteria Bacillus subtilis. The similarity level in the database of National Center Biotechnology Information by 99.45%. Theseresult prove that associated bacteria from stony coral might play a role in degrading aliphatic polyesters.

Keywords: Aliphatic Polyester; Biodegradation; Associated-Bacteria; Stony Coral;

Karimunjawa

B4-2215

111

ICCMBT 2021

Bioprospection Study of Marine Yeast as Antimicrobial Agent, Bioremediation Agent, and Enzyme Producer

E H Frederick1,2, M T Sibero1,2* and A Sabdono1,3

1Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Diponegoro. St. Prof. Soedarto, S.H., Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Central Java, Indonesia. 2Natural Product Laboratory, Integrated Laboratory for Research and Services, Universitas Diponegoro, St. Prof. Soedarto, S.H., Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Central Java, Indonesia. 3Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Diponegoro. St. Prof. Soedarto, S.H., Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Central Java, Indonesia.


Yeast is a microorganism with wide distribution geologically. Due to its high tolerance to extreme environmental conditions, this microorganism has been utilized in industrial applications, especially its ability in producing enzymes. However, there are lack of studies about marine yeast application in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential of marine yeast as antimicrobial agent, bioremediation agent, and enzyme producer. Marine yeast with given code MTY.1, MTY.2, and MTY.3 were recultivated from glycerol stock on Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) for 3 days and incubated at 26°C. After 3 days, 100µL of each seed culture were streaked on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). Antibacterial assay was performed using agar plug method against several clinical pathogenic bacteria, such as Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Shewanella algae. Antifungal assay was performed using antagonistic method against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. Screening of polyethylene-degrading enzyme was performed by inoculating the isolates on a medium containing 0,1% (w/v) polyethylene. Screening of enzyme activity was performed to evaluate several enzymes, such as agarase, alginate-lyase, amylase, carrageenase, gelatinase, and protease. Molecular study was conducted to identify the isolates. All isolates showed no potential as antimicrobial and bioremediation agent. On the other hand, all isolates showed potential as enzyme producer. MTY.1, MTY.2, and MTY.3 were identified as Yamadyzma triangularis, [Candida] oceani, and Hortaea werneckii.

Keywords: Antimicrobial; Bioremediation; Enzyme; Marine Yeast

B4-2216

112

ICCMBT 2021

Descriptive Study on Application of Bioremediation Strategies in Oil Contaminated Coastal of Pari Island

Y Darmayati1, L I Sutiknowati1, K Munawir1, E Kusmanto1, and Muhadjirin1

1Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute Of Sciences


Oil spill is one of the latent threats to the waters of the Thousand Islands. In order to protect the soil and prior to disposal in the environment. A number of physicochemical methods such as adsorption, ion exchange, liquidliquid extraction, and chemical oxidation have been reported in the literatures for efficient treatment of industrial wastewater. Adsorption technology has been widely applied for the removal of organic and inorganic micropollutants from aqueous solutions. To this end, activated carbons are the most extensively investigated adsorbents having excellent adsorption capabilities for phenolic compounds due to their high surface area, pore volume, and porosity. However, the cost associated with regeneration and the production of carbons dust due to the brittle nature of carbons used for phenol removal has led the researchers to find other economic and environment-friendly alternatives. In this regard, a wide variety of material, such as clay, silica beads, zeolite, chitosan, dead biomass, sawdust, rice husk, fly ash, red mud, etc., have been explored for efficient adsorption. Polymeric adsorbents have also emerged as a viable alternative for efficient removal of contaminant. Although adsorption by uncharged polymeric resins has been extensively investigated for removing hydrocarbons from wastewater, they have demonstrated a lower capacity of removal than that of the activated carbon. The overall removal of PAH from petroleum wastewater can be improved by using anionic resins which can uptake via ion-exchange mechanism in addition to adsorption. In recent years, catalytic oxidation has gained much attention in converting organic pollutants into inorganic carbon or into products that can be eliminated by the biological residual treatment. The method of catalytic oxidation by different oxidizing agent such as ozone, oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, sulfite-oxygen, or the combination of them has been demonstrated to be extremely effective in the removal of contaminant from industrial wastewater. Besides, the method of solvent extraction has also been investigated to separate individual component from contaminated water. However, most of these physicochemical methods do not actually degrade the target recalcitrant compound. Instead, they transfer it from one phase to another and, thereby, produce hazardous secondary pollutants. Moreover, these techniques suffer from additional disadvantage of high cost. In this regard, biological methods emerged as more environment-friendly and cost-effective alternative in recent years Bioremediation is to reduce the impact Oil spills in Seribu Island is one of the latent treath The devastating environmental impacts of oil spills in 1989 and its media notoriety made it a frequent comparison to the BP Deepwater Horizon spill in the popular press in 2010, even though the nature of the two spills and the environments impacted were vastly different. Fortunately, unlike higher organisms that are adversely impacted by oil spills, microorganisms are able to consume petroleum hydrocarbons. These oil degrading indigenous microorganisms played a significant role in reducing the overall environmental impact of both the Exxon Valdez and BP Deepwater Horizon oil spills.

Keywords:

B4-2217

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