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À‘√—≠ °—ß·Œ1

π‡√» ´à«π¬ÿ°2

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π—Ëπ »ÿ¿∏’√– °ÿ≈4

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AbstractKanghear, H.1, Suanyuk, N.2, Khongpradit, R.3, Subhadhirasakul, S.4 and Supamattaya, K.1

Effect of cinnamon bark oil (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume) on the preventation

of streptococcosis in sex-reversed red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus ×××××O. mossambicus)Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol., 2005, 27(Suppl. 1) : 347-358

The minimal inhibitory concentration of cinnamon bark oil extract against pathogenic Streptococcussp. was 250 ppm. An analysis of the extract by gas chromatography and mass spectrophotometer showed

three active substances, cinnamaldehyde (C9H8O) at 83.1 %, coumarin (C9H6O2) at 12.6 % and cinnamic acid

(C9H8O2) at 2.2 %.

An effect of cinnamon bark oil extract on growth and resistance to Streptococcus sp. in sex-reversed

red tilapia after feeding the extract-supplemented diets for 8 week was investigated. Four experimental diets

were formulated to contain the extract at 0, 250, 500 and 1,000 ppm.

1Aquatic Animal Health Research Center, Department of Aquatic Science, Faculty of Natural Resources,

2Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry,

4Department of Pharmacognosy and

Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla

90112, 3Aquatic Animal Inspection and Quarantine, Department of Fisheries, Khlong Hoi Khong, Songkhla

90115, Thailand.

1

π—°»÷°…“À≈—° Ÿµ√ «∑.¡. “¢“«“√‘™»“ µ√å 5

Dr. rer. nat. (Aquatic Animal Disease) √Õß»“ µ√“®“√¬å »Ÿπ¬å«‘®—¬ ÿ¢¿“æ —µ«åπÈ”

¿“§«‘™“«“√‘™»“ µ√å §≥–∑√—æ¬“°√∏√√¡™“µ‘ 2

π—°»÷°…“À≈—° Ÿµ√ ª√.¥. “¢“‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’™’«¿“æ §≥–Õÿµ “À°√√¡‡°…µ√ 4

Ph.D.

(Chemistry and Natural Products) √Õß»“ µ√“®“√¬å ¿“§«‘™“‡¿ —™‡«∑·≈–‡¿ —™æƒ…»“ µ√å §≥–‡¿ —™»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬

ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å Õ”‡¿ÕÀ“¥„À≠à ®—ßÀ«—¥ ß¢≈“ 90112 3

«∑.¡. («“√‘™»“ µ√å) π—°«‘™“°“√ª√–¡ß ¥à“πµ√«® —µ«åπÈ”®—ßÀ«—¥ ß¢≈“

°√¡ª√–¡ß Õ”‡¿Õ§≈ÕßÀÕ¬‚¢àß ®—ßÀ«—¥ ß¢≈“ 90115

Corresponding e-mail : [email protected]

√—∫µâπ©∫—∫ 3 °—π¬“¬π 2547 √—∫≈ßæ‘¡æå 7 ¡°√“§¡ 2548

Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol.

Vol. 27 (Suppl. 1), 2005 : Aquatic Science 348Effect of cinnamon bark oil on the preventation

Kanghear, H., et al.

The fish fed diet supplemented with 250 ppm cinnamon bark oil extract showed the best feed conver-

sion ratio (p < 0.05). Although weight gain and specific growth rate were the same as in the control group (p

> 0.05), fish fed 250 ppm extract-supplemented diet showed the highest resistance to Streptococcus sp. After

six weeks, the fish fed diet supplemented with cinnamon oil extract at 1,000 ppm showed abnormal hepatic

cells such as atrophy and degeneration and hepatic sinusoids.

Key words : Streptococcus sp., cinnamon bark oil, sex-reversed red tilapia

∫∑§—¥¬àÕ

À‘√—≠ °—ß·Œ π‡√» ´à«π¬ÿ° ‡√«—µ√ §ßª√–¥‘…∞å π—Ëπ »ÿ¿∏’√– °ÿ≈ ·≈– °‘®°“√ »ÿ¿¡“µ¬å

º≈¢ÕßπÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑»µàÕ°“√ªÑÕß°—π‚√§ ‡µ√ø‚µ§Õ§‚§ ’ „πª≈“π‘≈·¥ß·ª≈ß‡æ»

«. ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑. 2548 27(©∫—∫æ‘‡»… 1) : 347-358

§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπµË” ÿ¥¢ÕßπÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑»∑’Ë¬—∫¬—Èß‡™◊ÈÕ Streptococcus sp.¡’§à“ MIC ‡∑à“°—∫ 250 à«π„π

≈â“π à«π ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕπ”¡“«‘‡§√“–ÀåÀ“ à«πª√–°Õ∫·≈– Ÿµ√‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈¢ÕßπÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑» ¥â«¬«‘∏’ GC - MS æ∫

“√ ”§—≠ 3 ™π‘¥ §◊Õ cinnamaldehyde (C9H

8O) 83.1%, coumarin (C

9H

6O

2) 12.6% ·≈– cinnamic acid (C

9H

8O

2)

2.2% °“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ·≈–ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ„π°“√µâ“π∑“π‡™◊ÈÕ Streptococcus sp. ¢Õßª≈“π‘≈·¥ß·ª≈ß‡æ»À≈—ß®“°‰¥â√—∫

Õ“À“√º ¡πÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑»∑’Ë√–¥—∫µà“ßÊ §◊Õ 0, 250, 500 ·≈– 1,000 à«π„π≈â“π à«π °‘π‡ªìπ√–¬–‡«≈“

8 —ª¥“Àå æ∫«à“ª≈“∑’Ë‰¥â√—∫Õ“À“√º ¡πÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑» 250 à«π„π≈â“π à«π ¡’Õ—µ√“°“√‡ª≈’Ë¬πÕ“À“√‡ªìπ

‡π◊ÈÕ¥’∑’Ë ÿ¥Õ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠ (p< 0.05) „π¢≥–∑’ËπÈ”Àπ—°∑’Ë‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ·≈–Õ—µ√“°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ®”‡æ“–‰¡à·µ°µà“ß°—π∑“ß

∂‘µ‘°—∫™ÿ¥§«∫§ÿ¡ πÕ°®“°π’È¬—ßæ∫«à“ª≈“∑’Ë‰¥â√—∫Õ“À“√∑’Ëº ¡πÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑»∑’Ë√–¥—∫ 250 à«π„π≈â“π à«π

“¡“√∂µâ“π∑“π°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ‰¥â¥’∑’Ë ÿ¥ ·≈–æ∫≈—°…≥–°“√‡ª≈’Ë¬π·ª≈ß∑“ß‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕª≈“∑’Ë‰¥â√—∫Õ“À“√º ¡πÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°

Õ∫‡™¬‡∑» 1,000 à«π„π≈â“π à«π „π —ª¥“Àå∑’Ë 6 ¡’‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕµ—∫À¥‡≈Á°≈ß (atrophy) ·≈– hepatic sinusoid ¢¬“¬

°«â“ß¢÷Èπ

ªí®®ÿ∫—πª≈“π‘≈¡’°“√‡≈’È¬ß°—π¡“°¢÷Èπ„πÀ≈“¬Êª√–‡∑» ‡π◊ËÕß®“° “¡“√∂π”‡π◊ÈÕ¡“∑¥·∑πª≈“∑’Ë¡’‡π◊ÈÕ ’¢“«∑’Ë¡’§«“¡µâÕß°“√ Ÿß¢Õßµ≈“¥ºŸâ∫√‘‚¿§„πµà“ßª√–‡∑»(ª°√≥å, 2527 ; ‡§√◊Õ«—≈¬å, 2542) ®÷ß¡’°“√‡≈’È¬ß„πÕ—µ√“∑’ËÀπ“·πàπ¢÷Èπ ‡æ◊ËÕ‡æ‘Ë¡ª√‘¡“≥º≈º≈‘µ„Àâ‡æ’¬ßæÕµàÕ§«“¡µâÕß°“√¢Õßµ≈“¥ Õ—π°àÕ„Àâ‡°‘¥º≈°√–∑∫∑“ß¥â“π‚√§µ“¡¡“„π¿“¬À≈—ß ‚¥¬‡©æ“–‚√§∑’Ë¡’ “‡Àµÿ®“°°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕStreptococcus sp. ÷Ëß„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬¡’√“¬ß“π°“√‡°‘¥‚√§ ‡µ√ø‚µ§Õ§‚§´’ §√—Èß·√°„πª≈“∫Ÿà∑√“¬ (Oxyeleotris

marmoratus) (®‘√“æ√ ·≈–§≥–, 2529) ®“°π—Èπ„πªï 2530

¡’√“¬ß“π°“√‡°‘¥‚√§π’È„πª≈“°–æß¢“« (Lates calcarifer)

( ∂“æ√ ·≈–‡¬“«π‘µ¬å, 2530) À≈—ß®“°π—Èπ‡ªìπµâπ¡“ ‰¥â¡’°“√√–∫“¥¢Õß‚√§π’È„πª≈“°–æß¢“«∑’Ë‡≈’È¬ß„π¿“§„µâ¢Õßª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ‡™àπ „πæ◊Èπ∑’Ë¢Õß®—ßÀ«—¥ªíµµ“π’·≈–®—ßÀ«—¥

ß¢≈“ (‡¬“«π‘µ¬å ·≈–§≥–, 2543) ·≈–¬—ß¡’°“√√–∫“¥¢Õß‡™◊ÈÕ™π‘¥π’ÈÕ¬à“ß¡“°„πª≈“À≈“¬™π‘¥∑—Ë«‚≈° ∑—Èß„πª≈“πÈ”®◊¥·≈–πÈ”‡§Á¡√«¡∂÷ß —µ«åπÈ”™π‘¥Õ◊ËπÊ (Teska and

Shotts, 1994) ·≈–∑’Ë ”§—≠¡’√“¬ß“π°“√‡°‘¥‚√§π’È„πª≈“π‘≈ (Tilapia nilotica) ∑’Ë‡≈’È¬ß„πª√–‡∑»≠’ËªÿÉπ (Kitao

et al., 1981) ·≈–„πª≈“π‘≈≈Ÿ°º ¡ (Oreochromis

niloticus × O.aureus) (Al-Harbi, 1994) ‡ªìπµâπ ‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª‡°…µ√°√ºŸâ‡≈’È¬ß¡—°·°âªí≠À“°“√µ‘¥‡™◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬„πª≈“‚¥¬°“√„™â “√‡§¡’·≈–¬“ªØ‘™’«π– ´÷Ëß°“√„™â “√‡§¡’·≈–¬“ªØ‘™’«π–∑’Ë‰¡à∂Ÿ°«‘∏’¡—°°àÕ„Àâ‡°‘¥°“√µ°§â“ß¢Õß “√‡À≈à“π—Èπ„πª≈“∑’Ë‡≈’È¬ß·≈– ‘Ëß¡’™’«‘µÕ◊Ëπ„π·À≈àßπÈ” Õ’°∑—Èß¬—ß°àÕ„Àâ‡°‘¥ªí≠À“°“√¥◊ÈÕ¬“¢Õß‡™◊ÈÕ°àÕ‚√§ ´÷Ëß∑”„Àâ¬“°·°à°“√§«∫§ÿ¡·≈–√—°…“‚√§‰¥âµàÕ‰ª ‚¥¬„π·µà≈–ªïª√–‡∑»‰∑¬µâÕßπ”‡¢â“ “√‡§¡’·≈–¬“ªØ‘™’«π–®“°µà“ß

«. ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑.

ªï∑’Ë 27 (©∫—∫æ‘‡»… 1) 2548 : «“√‘™»“ µ√å 349º≈¢ÕßπÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑»µàÕ°“√ªÑÕß°—π‚√§

À‘√—≠ °—ß·Œ ·≈–§≥–

ª√–‡∑»¡“„™â„π°“√√—°…“‚√§„π —µ«åπÈ”‡ªìπ®”π«π¡“°¥—ßπ—Èπ‡æ◊ËÕ≈¥°“√ Ÿ≠‡ ’¬‡ß‘πµ√“„Àâ·°àµà“ßª√–‡∑» √—∞∫“≈‚¥¬‡©æ“–°√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥– ÿ¢‰¥â°”Àπ¥„Àâπ” ¡ÿπ‰æ√¡“„™â„πß“π “∏“√≥– ÿ¢¡Ÿ≈∞“π„π‚§√ß°“√ “æ—≤π“ ¡ÿπ‰æ√¡“‡ªìπ¬“” „π·ºπæ—≤π“‡»√…∞°‘®·≈– —ß§¡·Ààß™“µ‘©∫—∫∑’Ë 6 æ.». 2530 - 2534 (∫ÿ≠‡∑’¬¡ ·≈–§≥–, 2537 ;≈—¥¥“«—≈¬å, 2541)

Õ∫‡™¬ (Cinnamomum sp.) ‡ªìπ ¡ÿπ‰æ√∑’Ë¡’°“√π”¡“„™âª√–‚¬™πå°—π¡“° ‚¥¬‡©æ“–„πª√–‡∑»®’π¡’°“√„™âÕ∫‡™¬π“π°«à“ 4,000 ªï ·≈–¡’°“√„™â°—πÕ¬à“ß·æ√àÀ≈“¬∑—Ë«‚≈° ÷Ëßπ”¡“„™âª√–‚¬™πå„πÀ≈“¬≈—°…≥– ‡™àπ ¥â“πÕ“À“√·≈–°“√·æ∑¬å (Qin et al., 2003) ‚¥¬‡©æ“–πÈ”¡—πÕ∫‡™¬ (cinnamon oil) ∑’Ëπ‘¬¡„™â‡µ‘¡≈ß‰ª„πÕ“À“√‰«â‡æ◊ËÕªÑÕß°—πÕ“À“√‡πà“‡ ’¬ ‚¥¬¡’º≈„π°“√¬—∫¬—Èß®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å (antimicrobial) ‡™àπ ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ ¬’ µå ·≈–√“ ∑’Ë‡ªìπ “‡Àµÿ∑’Ë°àÕ„Àâ‡°‘¥‚√§Õ“À“√‡ªìπæ‘… (foodborne) ·°à§π·≈– —µ«å∑’Ë∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√π—ÈπÊ (Hu et al., 1985 ;

Masuda et al.,1998 ; Smith et al., 1998 ; Friedman

et al., 2000 ; Alzoreky and Nakahara, 2003 ; Mau

et al., 2000 ; Burt, 2004 ; Kim et al., 2004) ·≈–∑“ß¥â“π°“√·æ∑¬å¡’°“√π”πÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑» (Cinna-

momum zeylanicum Blume) ¡“„™â„π°“√ªÑÕß°—π°“√‡°‘¥·º≈‡ªóòÕ¬ (anti-ulcerous) (Qin et al., 2003) ¡–‡√Áß(anticarcinogenesis) ‡π◊ÈÕßÕ° (antitumor) ·≈–°“√°≈“¬æ—π∏ÿå (antimutagenic) ¢Õß·∫§∑’‡√’¬©«¬‚Õ°“ (Shaughnessy et al., 2001)

¥—ßπ—Èπ°“√π”πÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑»¡“„™âª√–‚¬™πå„π°“√µâ“π∑“π‡™◊ÈÕ Streptococcus sp.„π ª≈“π‘≈·¥ß·ª≈ß‡æ» µ≈Õ¥®π°“√»÷°…“«‘∏’°“√·≈–ª√‘¡“≥°“√„™âπÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑»∑’Ë‡À¡“– ¡·≈–æ—≤π“‡ªìπ¬“∑’Ë¡’√“§“∂Ÿ° ª≈Õ¥¿—¬ π—∫‡ªìπ·π«∑“ß∑’Ë¥’Õ—π “¡“√∂™à«¬≈¥ªí≠À“°“√„™â “√‡§¡’·≈–¬“ªØ‘™’«π–„π°“√‡æ“–‡≈’È¬ßª≈“≈¥ªí≠À“°“√¢“¥¥ÿ≈∑“ß°“√§â“°—∫µà“ßª√–‡∑»∑’Ë‡ªìπºŸâº≈‘µ “√‡§¡’·≈–¬“ªØ‘™’«π–·≈–‡ªìπ°“√„™â∑√—æ¬“°√∏√√¡™“µ‘∑’Ë¡’Õ¬Ÿà„πª√–‡∑»„Àâ‡°‘¥ª√–‚¬™πå Ÿß ÿ¥·≈–¬—Ëß¬◊π∑’Ë ÿ¥

Õÿª°√≥å·≈–«‘∏’°“√

1. µ—«Õ¬à“ßπÈ”¡—πÕ∫‡™¬

πÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑» (Cinnamomum zeylani-

cum Blume) ¢Õß∫√‘…—∑Õÿµ “À°√√¡‡§√◊ËÕßÀÕ¡ ‰∑¬-®’π®”°—¥ (Thai-China Flavours and Fragrances Industry

Co., Ltd.) ‰¥â®“°°“√°≈—Ëπ¥â«¬‰ÕπÈ” (steam distillation)

·≈–„™â‡Õ∑∏“πÕ≈‡ªìπµ—«∑”≈–≈“¬ ¡’§à“§«“¡∂à«ß®”‡æ“–(specific gravity) ‡∑à“°—∫ 1.0370-1.0530 ·≈–¡’§à“¥—™π’À—°‡À¢Õß· ß‡∑à“°—∫ 1.5800-1.6250

2. °“√‡µ√’¬¡‡™◊ÈÕ

‡™◊ÈÕ Streptococcus sp. ∑’Ë·¬°‰¥â®“°ª≈“ªÉ«¬∑’Ë‡≈’È¬ß„π·À≈àßπÈ”∏√√¡™“µ‘∫√‘‡«≥æ◊Èπ∑’Ë¿“§„µâ¢Õßª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ´÷Ëß¡’§à“§«“¡√ÿπ·√ß¢Õß‡™◊ÈÕ∑’Ë∑”„Àâª≈“µ“¬§√÷ËßÀπ÷Ëß(LD50) ‡∑à“°—∫ 1.42×102 CFU/¡≈. π”¡“‡æ“–≈ß∫πÕ“À“√‡≈’È¬ß‡™◊ÈÕ∑’Ëº ¡‡≈◊Õ¥·°– (sheep blood agar : SBA)

·≈–∫à¡∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 35 oC π“π 18-24 ™—Ë«‚¡ß ‰«âæ√âÕ¡ ”À√—∫∑¥≈Õß

3. °“√‡µ√’¬¡ª≈“∑¥≈Õß

‡µ√’¬¡ª≈“π‘≈·¥ß·ª≈ß‡æ»¢π“¥ 1.5-2 π‘È«πÈ”Àπ—°ª≈“‡©≈’Ë¬µàÕµ—«‡√‘Ë¡µâπÕ¬Ÿà„π™à«ß 2.33±0.01 -

2.35±0.01 °√—¡ ®”π«π 1,000 µ—« ®“° ∂“π’ª√–¡ßπÈ”®◊¥æ—∑≈ÿß ®—ßÀ«—¥æ—∑≈ÿß ¡“Õπÿ∫“≈„π∂—ß‰ø‡∫Õ√å¢π“¥ 1,000

≈‘µ√ π“π 7-14 «—π ‚¥¬„Àâ°‘πÕ“À“√∑¥≈Õß Ÿµ√§«∫§ÿ¡‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâª≈“ª√—∫ ¿“æ‡¢â“°—∫ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡·≈–Õ“À“√„À¡à‰¥â·≈â«π”¡“™—ËßπÈ”Àπ—°°àÕπª≈àÕ¬≈ß‡≈’È¬ß„πµŸâ∑¥≈Õß¢π“¥8.5×10×14 ´¡. ¡’ª√‘¡“µ√πÈ”‡∑à“°—∫ 20 ≈‘µ√ ·≈–ª≈àÕ¬ª≈“ 20 µ—«/µŸâ ®”π«π 20 µŸâ

4. §à“§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπµË” ÿ¥ (MIC) ¢ÕßπÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬

∑’Ë “¡“√∂¬—∫¬—Èß‡™◊ÈÕ Streptococcus sp. ‚¥¬«‘∏’ Agar

dilution method (¥—¥·ª≈ß®“° Washington, 1974)

1) π”πÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑»¡“≈–≈“¬¥â«¬ “√∑”≈–≈“¬ dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) (Hili et al.,

1997) ·≈â«π”¡“º ¡°—∫Õ“À“√‡≈’È¬ß‡™◊ÈÕ Mueller Hinton

Agar (MHA) „πÕ—µ√“ à«π 1:100 ( “√ °—¥ 0.2 ml :




MHA 19.8 ml) ∑”°“√‡®◊Õ®“ß„Àâ¡’§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ≈¥≈ß 2 ‡∑à“(2-fold serial dilution) „Àâ‰¥â§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ ÿ¥∑â“¬ 5 √–¥—∫§◊Õ 1,000, 500, 250, 125 ·≈– 62.5 à«π„π≈â“π à«πº ¡„Àâ‡¢â“°—π„πÀ≈Õ¥∑¥≈Õß π”¡“‡∑≈ß„π®“π‡æ“–‡™◊ÈÕµ—Èß∑‘Èß‰«â„ÀâÕ“À“√·¢Áß ∑”°“√∑¥ Õ∫ 3 È” à«π™ÿ¥§«∫§ÿ¡„™âMHA º ¡°—∫ DMSO (¡“≈‘π, 2540)

2) π”‡™◊ÈÕ Streptococcus sp. ∑’Ë¡’Õ“¬ÿ 18-24 ™—Ë«‚¡ß≈–≈“¬„ππÈ”‡°≈◊Õ 0.85 % ∑’Ë¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ·≈â«„Àâ¡’§«“¡¢ÿàπ‡∑à“°—∫Standard Mcfarland No. 0.5 ´÷Ëß®–¡’‡™◊ÈÕ 1.5 × 108

CFU/ ¡≈ (¡“≈‘π, 2540) À≈—ß®“°π—Èπ∑”°“√‡®◊Õ®“ß‡™◊ÈÕ„Àâ≈¥≈ß·≈â«À¬¥ (drop plating techniques) ‡™◊ÈÕ≈ß∫π®“π‡æ“–‡™◊ÈÕ∑’Ë¡’πÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑»‰«â„π¢—Èπµâπ ‚¥¬¡’§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õß‡™◊ÈÕª√–¡“≥ 104 CFU/¡≈ (¥—¥·ª≈ß®“°Straka and Stokes, 1957) ·≈â«π”‰ª∫à¡∑’Ë 35 oC ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 24 ™—Ë«‚¡ß Õà“πº≈‚¥¬¥Ÿ§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπµË” ÿ¥¢ÕßπÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑»∑’Ë¬—∫¬—Èß°“√‡®√‘≠¢Õß‡™◊ÈÕ Streptococcus

sp. ‡∑’¬∫°—∫™ÿ¥§«∫§ÿ¡

5. °“√»÷°…“ª√‘¡“≥ à«πª√–°Õ∫¢Õß “√ ”§—≠·≈– Ÿµ√

‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈¢ÕßπÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑»

∑”°“√µ√«®À“ “√ ”§—≠¢ÕßπÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑» ¥â«¬‡∑§π‘§°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå GC-MS ¥â«¬«‘∏’ WI-RES-

GC/MS-001 „™â‡§√◊ËÕß HP 5890 Gas Chromatograph

§Õ≈—¡πå HP-INNOWAX ‚¥¬°“√©’¥µ—«Õ¬à“ßπÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑»∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 250 oC ª√‘¡“µ√ 1 ‰¡‚§√≈‘µ√¿“¬„µâ ¿“«–§Õ≈—¡πå∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘‡√‘Ë¡µâπ 65 oC ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ®π∂÷ß200 oC ∑’Ë§«“¡‡√Á« 5 oC/π“∑’ ‚¥¬¡’·°ä Œ’‡≈’Ë¬¡ (He)

‡ªìπµ—«æ“ (mobile phase) ∑’ËÕ—µ√“‡√Á« (flow rate) ‡∑à“°—∫1 ¡≈./π“∑’ ‚¥¬ “√∑’Ëºà“π°“√·¬°¥â«¬ GC ®–∂Ÿ°π”‡¢â“mass spectrometry ‡æ◊ËÕ»÷°…“‚§√ß √â“ß·≈–¡«≈‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈¢ÕßπÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑» ¥â«¬‡§√◊ËÕß HP 5972 Mass

Selective Detector ‚¥¬ºà“πøî≈‡µÕ√å‡æ◊ËÕ∑”„Àâ‡¢â¡¢âπ¢÷Èπ®“°π—Èπ‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈¢ÕßπÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬®–∂Ÿ°∑”„Àâ·µ°µ—«‡ªìπ‰ÕÕÕπ¥â«¬°“√„Àâ‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈√—∫æ≈—ßß“π∑’Ë¡“°æÕ∑’Ë∑”„Àâ‡°‘¥°“√·µ°µ—«‡ªìπ‰ÕÕÕπ ¥â«¬Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 220 oC ·≈–µ‘¥µ“¡ª√–®ÿ∫«°∑’Ë‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ∑’Ë¡’πÈ”Àπ—°√–À«à“ß 35-350 amu

‚¥¬‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫ ‡ª°µ√—¡°—∫ “√µ—«Õ¬à“ß¡“µ√∞“π

6. °“√»÷°…“πÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑»µàÕ°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ

·≈–§«“¡µâ“π∑“πµàÕ‡™◊ÈÕ Streptococcus sp. „πª≈“

π‘≈·¥ß·ª≈ß‡æ»

1) °“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ¢Õßª≈“π‘≈·¥ß·ª≈ß‡æ»∑’Ë‰¥â√—∫Õ“À“√º ¡πÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑»«“ß·ºπ°“√∑¥≈Õß·∫∫ ÿà¡µ≈Õ¥ (completely

randomized design, CRD) ‚¥¬·∫àß‡ªìπ 4 ™ÿ¥°“√∑¥≈Õß Ê ≈– 5 ´È” (replication) (´÷Ëß·∫àß 3 ´È”‡æ◊ËÕ»÷°…“°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ Õ’° 2 È” π”‰ª»÷°…“§«“¡µâ“π∑“π‚√§·≈–°“√‡ª≈’Ë¬π·ª≈ß¢Õß‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕª≈“π‘≈∑’Ë‰¥â√—∫ “√ °—¥πÈ”¡—πÕ∫‡™¬) ‚¥¬·µà≈–´È”®–„™âª≈“®”π«π 20 µ—« ‚¥¬πÈ”Àπ—°‡©≈’Ë¬¢Õßª≈“µàÕµŸâ‡∑à“°—∫ 46.40-47.19 °√—¡ ·µà≈–µŸâ∑¥≈Õß∫√√®ÿπÈ” 20 ≈‘µ√ „π√–∫∫‡≈’È¬ß„ÀâÕ“°“»µ≈Õ¥√–¬–‡«≈“°“√‡≈’È¬ß·≈–„ÀâÕ“À“√«—π≈– 2 §√—Èß ‡«≈“‡™â“9.00 π. ·≈–‡¬Áπ 16.00 π. («‘¡≈·≈–°‘®®“, 2535) ‚¥¬„Àâª≈“°‘πÕ“À“√µ“¡‡ªÕ√å‡´ÁπµåπÈ”Àπ—°µ—« (°√¡ª√–¡ß,2541) ‡ªìπ√–¬–‡«≈“ 8 —ª¥“Àå ¥—ßπ’È

™ÿ¥°“√∑¥≈Õß∑’Ë 1 Õ“À“√™ÿ¥§«∫§ÿ¡ 0 à«π„π≈â“π à«π

™ÿ¥°“√∑¥≈Õß∑’Ë 2 Õ“À“√º ¡πÈ”¡—πÀÕ¡√–‡À¬‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑» 250 à«π„π≈â“π à«π

™ÿ¥°“√∑¥≈Õß∑’Ë 3 Õ“À“√º ¡πÈ”¡—πÀÕ¡√–‡À¬‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑» 500 à«π„π≈â“π à«π

™ÿ¥°“√∑¥≈Õß∑’Ë 4 Õ“À“√º ¡πÈ”¡—πÀÕ¡√–‡À¬‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑» 1,000 à«π„π≈â“π à«π

∑”°“√™—ËßπÈ”Àπ—°ª≈“∑ÿ° 2 —ª¥“Àå ‡æ◊ËÕ«‘‡§√“–ÀåπÈ”Àπ—°ª≈“∑’Ë‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ (% weight gain) Õ—µ√“°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ®”‡æ“– (% specific growth rate) §”π«≥µ“¡«‘∏’¢Õß Jantrarotai ·≈–§≥– (1994) ·≈–Õ—µ√“°“√‡ª≈’Ë¬πÕ“À“√‡ªìπ‡π◊ÈÕ (feed conversion ratio) §”π«≥µ“¡«‘∏’¢Õß Dupree ·≈– Sneed (1966)

«‘‡§√“–Àå¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‚¥¬„™â°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå§«“¡·ª√ª√«π (ANOVA) ·∫∫ CRD ·≈–‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫§«“¡·µ°µà“ß¢Õß§à“‡©≈’Ë¬¥â«¬ Duncan’s Multiple Range Test

(Steel and Torrie, 1980)

2) °“√»÷°…“§«“¡µâ“π∑“π‚√§ (disease resist-

ance)

∑ÿ° 2 —ª¥“Àå À≈—ßª≈“‰¥â√—∫Õ“À“√º ¡πÈ”¡—π

«. ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑.


À‘√—≠ °—ß·Œ ·≈–§≥–

‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬∑’Ë§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπµà“ßÊ ∑”°“√∑¥ Õ∫§«“¡µâ“π∑“πµàÕ‡™◊ÈÕ Streptococcus sp. ‚¥¬π”ª≈“ 10 µ—« ®“°·µà≈–™ÿ¥°“√∑¥≈Õß∑’Ë·¬°‰«â 2 ´È” ‚¥¬«‘∏’°“√©’¥‡™◊ÈÕ¡’§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ‡∑à“°—∫§à“ LD50 (3.59×103 CFU/¡≈) ‡¢â“™àÕß∑âÕß¢Õßª≈“µ—«≈– 0.1 ¡≈. ∫—π∑÷°°“√µ“¬¢Õßª≈“„π·µà≈–«—π·≈â«π”‰ªÀ“§à“ Relative Percent Survival (RPS)

(Ellis, 1988)

7. °“√»÷°…“°“√‡ª≈’Ë¬π·ª≈ß¢Õß‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ¢Õßª≈“π‘≈·¥ß

·ª≈ß‡æ»À≈—ß®“°‰¥â√—∫Õ“À“√º ¡πÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°

Õ∫‡™¬‡∑»

‡°Á∫µ—«Õ¬à“ß‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ¢Õßª≈“ 2 µ—« ®“°·µà≈–™ÿ¥°“√∑¥≈Õß∑’Ë·¬°‰«â 2 ´È”¢â“ßµâπ ∑ÿ° 2 —ª¥“Àå ®π§√∫8 —ª¥“Àå ‚¥¬‡°Á∫‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ‡Àß◊Õ° ·≈–Õ«—¬«–¿“¬„π ‰¥â·°àµ—∫ ‰µ ·≈–¡â“¡ ¥Õß‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ„ππÈ”¬“øÕ√å¡“≈‘π‡¢â¡¢âπ10 % ‡æ◊ËÕ√—°…“ ¿“æ¢Õß‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ π”Õ«—¬«–∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ºà“π¢—ÈπµÕπ°“√‡µ√’¬¡‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ ‚¥¬„™â‡§√◊ËÕß automatic tissue

processor π”‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ¡“Ωíß„πæ“√“æ≈“ ∑å ·≈â«π”¡“µ—¥¥â«¬‡§√◊ËÕß‰¡‚§√‚µ¡ (sliding microtome) Àπ“ 3 ‰¡§√Õπµ“¡«‘∏’¢Õß Humason (1979) ·≈–¬âÕ¡¥â«¬ ’ hema-

toxylin ·≈– eosin µ“¡«‘∏’¢Õß Bancroft (1967) ‡æ◊ËÕπ”¡“∑”‡ªìπ ‰≈¥å∂“«√·≈–π”‰ªµ√«® Õ∫°“√‡ª≈’Ë¬π·ª≈ß¢Õß‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ‚¥¬°≈âÕß®ÿ≈∑√√»πå∏√√¡¥“

º≈°“√∑¥≈Õß

1. §à“§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπµË” ÿ¥ (MIC) ¢ÕßπÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬

‡∑»∑’Ë “¡“√∂¬—∫¬—Èß‡™◊ÈÕ Streptococcus sp.

À¬¥‡™◊ÈÕ≈ß∫π®“π‡æ“–‡™◊ÈÕ∑’Ë¡’πÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑»º ¡„πÕ“À“√ MHA „π√–¥—∫µà“ß Ê §◊Õ 62.5, 125,

250, 500 ·≈– 1,000 à«π„π≈â“π à«π ‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫™ÿ¥§«∫§ÿ¡ æ∫«à“∑’Ë√–¥—∫§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õß “√ °—¥250, 500 ·≈– 1,000 à«π„π≈â“π à«π “¡“√∂¬—∫¬—Èß‡™◊ÈÕStreptococcus sp. ‰¥â‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫™ÿ¥§«∫§ÿ¡∑’Ë¡’‡™◊ÈÕ¢÷Èπª√°µ‘‡©≈’Ë¬ 4.732 × 104 CFU/¡≈ ·≈– “¡“√∂ √ÿª‰¥â«à“¡’§à“ MIC ¢ÕßπÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑»‡∑à“°—∫250 à«π„π≈â“π à«π

2. ª√‘¡“≥·≈– à«πª√–°Õ∫¢Õß “√ ”§—≠¢ÕßπÈ”¡—π

‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑»

‡¡◊ËÕ«‘‡§√“–ÀåÀ“ “√ ”§—≠¢ÕßπÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑»∑’Ë„™â„π°“√»÷°…“§√—Èßπ’È¥â«¬«‘∏’ GC-MS ®–æ∫ ‡ª°µ√—¡¢Õß “√‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ 6 æ’° ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕπ”µ—«Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë‰¥â¡“µ√«®À“‚§√ß √â“ß·≈–¡«≈‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈¥â«¬ MS æ∫ à«πª√–°Õ∫¢Õß “√ ”§—≠¢ÕßπÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑» 3 ™π‘¥ §◊Õ cinna-

maldehyde (C9H8O) 83.1 %, coumarin (C9H6O2)

12.6 % ·≈– cinnamic acid (C9H8O2) 2.2 %

3. º≈¢ÕßπÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑»µàÕ°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ·≈–

°“√µâ“π∑“π‡™◊ÈÕ Streptococcus sp. „πª≈“π‘≈·¥ß

·ª≈ß‡æ»

3.1 º≈µàÕ°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ¢Õßª≈“π‘≈·¥ß·ª≈ß‡æ»

3.1.1 πÈ”Àπ—°‡©≈’Ë¬µàÕµ—«

‡¡◊ËÕ‡√‘Ë¡°“√∑¥≈ÕßπÈ”Àπ—°ª≈“‡©≈’Ë¬µàÕµ—«Õ¬Ÿà„π™à«ß 2.33±0.01-2.35±0.01 °√—¡ πÈ”Àπ—°‡©≈’Ë¬¢Õßª≈“∑’Ë‰¥â√—∫Õ“À“√∑¥≈Õß 4 Ÿµ√ ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπµ“¡√–¬–‡«≈“∑’Ë‡≈’È¬ßµ≈Õ¥ 8 —ª¥“Àå ‚¥¬æ∫«à“„π —ª¥“Àå∑’Ë 2 ª≈“„π™ÿ¥§«∫§ÿ¡¡’πÈ”Àπ—°‡©≈’Ë¬‰¡à¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ (p > 0.05)

°—∫™ÿ¥°“√∑¥≈Õß∑’Ë‰¥â√—∫Õ“À“√º ¡πÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑»250 à«π„π≈â“π à«π ·µà Ÿß°«à“™ÿ¥°“√∑¥≈Õß∑’Ë‰¥â√—∫Õ“À“√º ¡πÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑» 500 ·≈– 1,000 à«π„π≈â“π à«π (p < 0.05) ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ ‘Èπ ÿ¥°“√∑¥≈Õß æ∫«à“ª≈“∑’Ë‰¥â√—∫Õ“À“√º ¡πÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑» 250 à«π„π≈â“π à«π ¡’πÈ”Àπ—°‡©≈’Ë¬µàÕµ—« Ÿß°«à“™ÿ¥°“√∑¥≈Õß∑’Ë‰¥â√—∫Õ“À“√º ¡πÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑» 500 ·≈– 1,000 à«π„π≈â“π à«π Õ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠ (Table 1)

3.1.2 πÈ”Àπ—°∑’Ë‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ Õ—µ√“°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ

®”‡æ“–·≈–Õ—µ√“°“√‡ª≈’Ë¬πÕ“À“√‡ªìπ‡π◊ÈÕ

πÈ”Àπ—°∑’Ë‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ °“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ®”‡æ“– ·≈–Õ—µ√“°“√‡ª≈’Ë¬πÕ“À“√‡ªìπ‡π◊ÈÕ¢Õßª≈“π‘≈·¥ß·ª≈ß‡æ»∑’Ë‰¥â√—∫Õ“À“√∑—Èß 4 Ÿµ√ ‡ªìπ√–¬–‡«≈“ 8 —ª¥“Àå æ∫«à“πÈ”Àπ—°∑’Ë‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ¢Õßª≈“π‘≈·¥ß·ª≈ß‡æ»∑—Èß 4 ™ÿ¥°“√∑¥≈Õß —¡æ—π∏å°—π ‚¥¬ª≈“„π™ÿ¥°“√∑¥≈Õß∑’Ë‰¥â√—∫Õ“À“√º ¡πÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑»∑’Ë√–¥—∫ 250 à«π„π≈â“π à«π¡’πÈ”Àπ—°∑’Ë‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ Ÿß ÿ¥·≈–‰¡à¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß°—π∑“ß ∂‘µ‘(p > 0.05) ‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫™ÿ¥§«∫§ÿ¡ à«π™ÿ¥°“√




∑¥≈Õß∑’Ë‰¥â√—∫Õ“À“√º ¡πÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑» 500

·≈– 1,000 à«π„π≈â“π à«π ¡’§à“≈¥≈ßµ“¡≈”¥—∫Õ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠ (p < 0.05) ‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫™ÿ¥°“√∑¥≈Õß¢â“ßµâπ (Table 1)

Õ—µ√“°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ®”‡æ“–¢Õßª≈“π‘≈·¥ß·ª≈ß‡æ»∑—Èß 4 ™ÿ¥°“√∑¥≈Õß ¡’§«“¡·ª√º—πµ“¡πÈ”Àπ—°ª≈“∑’Ë‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ·≈–¡’Õ—µ√“°“√‡ª≈’Ë¬πÕ“À“√‡ªìπ‡π◊ÈÕ¡’§à“Õ¬Ÿà„π™à«ß1.04±0.00 - 1.22±0.16 ‚¥¬ª≈“∑’Ë‰¥â√—∫Õ“À“√º ¡πÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑» 250 à«π„π≈â“π à«π ¡’Õ—µ√“°“√‡ª≈’Ë¬πÕ“À“√‡ªìπ‡π◊ÈÕ¥’∑’Ë ÿ¥ à«πª≈“„π™ÿ¥∑’Ë‰¥â√—∫Õ“À“√º ¡πÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑»∑’Ë√–¥—∫ 500 ·≈– 1,000 à«π„π≈â“π à«π ¡’Õ—µ√“°“√‡ª≈’Ë¬πÕ“À“√‡ªìπ‡π◊ÈÕ√Õß≈ß¡“ „π¢≥–∑’Ëª≈“„π™ÿ¥§«∫§ÿ¡¡’Õ—µ√“°“√‡ª≈’Ë¬πÕ“À“√‡ªìπ‡π◊ÈÕµË” ÿ¥·≈–¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß°—π∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ (p < 0.05) °—∫ª≈“∑’Ë‰¥â√—∫Õ“À“√º ¡πÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑» 250 à«π„π≈â“π à«π (Table 2)

3.2 §«“¡µâ“π∑“π‚√§¢Õßª≈“π‘≈·¥ß·ª≈ß‡æ»

®“°°“√∑¥ Õ∫°“√µâ“π∑“π‡™◊ÈÕ¢Õßª≈“π‘≈·¥ß·ª≈ß‡æ»À≈—ß‰¥â√—∫Õ“À“√∑¥≈Õß ‚¥¬°“√©’¥‡™◊ÈÕ Strepto-

coccus sp. æ∫«à“ —ª¥“Àå∑’Ë 2 ª≈“∑’Ë‰¥â√—∫Õ“À“√º ¡πÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑»∑’Ë√–¥—∫ 250 à«π„π≈â“π à«π ¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ„π°“√µâ“π∑“π‚√§ Ÿß ÿ¥ ¡’§à“ RPS ‡∑à“°—∫50 % ·≈–∑’Ë§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ 500 ·≈– 1,000 à«π„π≈â“π à«π¡’§à“ RPS ‡∑à“°—∫ 17 % ‡∑à“°—π „π —ª¥“Àå∑’Ë 4 ª≈“À≈—ß®“°‰¥â√—∫Õ“À“√º ¡πÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑» 250, 500

·≈– 1,000 à«π„π≈â“π à«π ¡’§«“¡µâ“π∑“π‚√§‡∑à“°—π∑ÿ°™ÿ¥°“√∑¥≈Õß ‚¥¬¡’§à“ RPS ‡∑à“°—∫ 37.5 % „π —ª¥“Àå∑’Ë 6 ª≈“∑’Ë‰¥â√—∫Õ“À“√º ¡πÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑» 250

à«π„π≈â“π à«π ¡’§«“¡µâ“π∑“π‚√§ Ÿß∑’Ë ÿ¥ ¡’§à“ RPS

‡∑à“°—∫ 33 % ´÷Ëß Ÿß°«à“™ÿ¥∑’Ëª≈“∑’Ë‰¥â√—∫Õ“À“√º ¡πÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑» 500 ·≈– 1,000 à«π„π≈â“π à«π ∑’Ë¡’§à“RPS ‡∑à“°—∫ 17 % ·≈–„π —ª¥“Àå ÿ¥∑â“¬ æ∫«à“ª≈“∑’Ë‰¥â

Table 1. Growth performance of sex-reversed red tilapia fed test diet supplemented with

cinnamon bark oil extract.

Period (Weeks)

0 2 4 6 8

1. Control 2.35±0.00a 4.13±0.12a 7.72±0.36a 11.52±1.04a 17.64±1.76a

2. 250 ppm 2.35±0.00a 3.96±0.09a 7.86±0.37a 11.43±0.40a 18.09±1.01a

3. 500 ppm 2.33±0.01a 3.30±0.23b 6.23±0.51b 8.90±0.90b 14.85±1.05b

4. 1,000 ppm 2.35±0.01a 2.88±0.13c 5.22±0.27c 7.21±0.49c 11.44±0.63c

1 Mean ± standard deviation of three replications.

Mean within each column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different (p<0.05).

Treatment

Table 2. Weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio of sex-reversed red tilapia

fed test diet for 8 weeks.

Specific growth rate Feed consumption Feed conversion

(% / days) (g) ratio

1. Control 652.08±80.90a 3.60±0.19a 146.29±4.82a 1.22±0.16b

2. 250 ppm 669.40±42.18a 3.64±0.10a 129.92±10.78b 1.04±0.00a

3. 500 ppm 536.14±46.33b 3.30±0.13b 118.58±12.01b 1.14±0.08ab

4. 1,000 ppm 387.03±28.16c 2.83±0.11c 82.52±3.96c 1.10±0.06ab

1Mean±standard deviation of three replications.

Mean within each column not sharing a common superscript are significantly different (p<0.05).

Treatment % Weight gain

«. ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑.


À‘√—≠ °—ß·Œ ·≈–§≥–

√—∫Õ“À“√º ¡πÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑» 250, 500, ·≈–1,000 à«π„π≈â“π à«π “¡“√∂µâ“π∑“π‚√§≈¥≈ß‡∑à“°—π‚¥¬¡’§à“ RPS ‡∑à“°—∫ 14 % ‡∑à“°—π∑ÿ°™ÿ¥°“√∑¥≈Õß(Figure 1)

4. º≈¢ÕßπÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑»µàÕ‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕª≈“π‘≈·¥ß

·ª≈ß‡æ»

®“°°“√»÷°…“‰¡àæ∫°“√‡ª≈’Ë¬π·ª≈ß¢Õß‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕµ—∫·≈–‰µ¢Õßª≈“π‘≈·¥ß·ª≈ß‡æ»∑’Ë‰¥â√—∫Õ“À“√º ¡πÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑»„π —ª¥“Àå∑’Ë 2 ·≈– 4 à«πª≈“∑’Ë‰¥â√—∫Õ“À“√º ¡πÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬ 1,000 à«π„π≈â“π

à«π π“π 6 —ª¥“Àå ·≈–ª≈“∑’Ë‰¥â√—∫Õ“À“√º ¡πÈ”‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑» 500 à«π„π≈â“π à«π π“π 8 —ª¥“Àå æ∫«à“‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕµ—∫À¥‡≈Á°≈ß (atrophy) ·≈–‡´≈≈å‡ ◊ËÕ¡ ¿“æ(degeneration) √«¡∑—Èß hepatic sinusoids ¢¬“¬°«â“ß¢÷Èπ‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ‰µ‡°‘¥°“√À¥µ—«¢Õß‚°≈‡¡Õ√Ÿ≈— (Figure 2-6)

√ÿª·≈–«‘®“√≥åº≈°“√∑¥≈Õß

®“°°“√»÷°…“æ∫«à“πÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑» “¡“√∂¬—∫¬—Èß‡™◊ÈÕ Streptococcus sp. ‰¥â‚¥¬„Àâ§à“ MIC

‡∑à“°—∫ 250 à«π„π≈â“π à«π ´÷Ëß Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫√“¬ß“π¢Õß

Figure 1. Disease resistance of sex-reversed red

tilapia fed with fish test diet and after

challenge with Streptococcus sp. .

Figure 2. Liver of sex-reversed red tilapia in

control group (H&E, Bar = 100 µµµµµm).

Figure 4. Liver of sex-reversed red tilapia fed with

cinnamon bark oil 500 ppm for 8 weeks

pancreatic acinar showed the reduction

of zymogen granulus (H&E, Bar =

100 µµµµµm).

Figure 3. Kidney of sex-reversed red tilapia in

control group (H&E, Bar = 100 µµµµµm).




Figure 5. Liver of sex-reversed red tilapia fed with

cinnamon bark oil 1,000 ppm showing

atrophic (arrows) change of hepatic cord

and dilation of hepatic sinusoid (H&E,

Bar = 100 µµµµµm).

Figure 6. Kidney of sex-reversed red tilapia fed

feed with cinnamon bark oil 1,000 ppm

showing shrinken of glomerulus

(arrows) kidney tubule apparently

normal (H&E, Bar = 100 µµµµµm).

Bullerman ·≈–§≥– (1977) ∑’Ë√“¬ß“π«à“πÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑»∑’Ë§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ 200-250 à«π„π≈â“π à«π “¡“√∂¬—∫¬—Èß°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ¢Õß‡™◊ÈÕ√“ Aspergillus pa-

rasiticus ∑’Ë √â“ß “√æ‘… (mycotoxin) à«π Kim ·≈–§≥– (2004) √“¬ß“π«à“‰¥â °—¥ “√∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ï cinnamalde-

hyde ®“°πÈ”¡—πÕ∫‡™¬®’π¡“¬—∫¬—Èß°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ¢Õß‡™◊ÈÕEscherichia coli “¬æ—π∏ÿå O 157:H 7 ·≈– “¬æ—π∏ÿåO26 ‚¥¬¡’§à“ MIC ‡∑à“°—∫ 250 à«π„π≈â“π à«π ´÷Ëß

Masuda ·≈–§≥– (1998) ‰¥â√“¬ß“π«à“ cinnamalde-

hyde ∑’Ë·¬°∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ï®“°πÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑» “¡“√∂¬—∫¬—Èß°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ¢Õß·∫§∑’‡√’¬‰¥â∑’Ë√–¥—∫§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õß “√ ”§—≠ 500 à«π„π≈â“π à«π ‚¥¬ “¡“√∂¬—∫¬—Èß‡™◊ÈÕStaphylococcus sp., Micrococcus sp., Bacillus sp.

·≈– Enterobacter sp. ®“°√“¬ß“π°“√»÷°…“¢â“ßµâπæ∫«à“ “√ ”§—≠™π‘¥ cinnamaldehyde ‡ªìπ “√∑’Ë “¡“√∂¬—∫¬—Èß°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ¢Õß®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å‰¥â ®÷ß‰¥â∑”°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå “√ ”§—≠¢ÕßπÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑» ‚¥¬«‘∏’ GC-MS

‰¥âæ∫ “√ ”§—≠ 3 ™π‘¥ §◊Õ cinnamaldehyde (C9H8O)

ª√‘¡“≥ 83.1 %, coumarin (C9H6O2) ª√‘¡“≥ 12.6 %

·≈– cinnamic acid (C9H8O2) ª√‘¡“≥ 2.15 % ´÷Ëß Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫√“¬ß“π¢Õß Shelef (1983) ·≈– Ka ·≈–§≥– (2003) ∑’Ëæ∫«à“ “√ ”§—≠À≈—°∑’Ë·¬°‰¥â®“°πÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬ ‰¥â·°à “√ cinnamaldehyde ·≈– eugenol

·µà Hu ·≈–§≥– (1985) ‰¥â·¬° “√„ππÈ”¡—πÕ∫‡™¬ æ∫ “√ cinnamaldehyde ·≈– coumarin ¥—ßπ—Èπ®“°°“√«‘‡§√“–ÀåÀ“ “√ ”§—≠ “¡“√∂π”¡“‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫ª√‘¡“≥ “√ cinnamaldehyde ∑’Ë·¬°‰¥â®“°°“√∑¥≈Õß°—∫√“¬ß“π®“°°“√«‘‡§√“–ÀåÀ“ “√ ”§—≠®“°πÈ”¡—πÕ∫‡™¬™π‘¥µà“ßÊ‰¥â¥—ß Table 3 ´÷Ëß‡ÀÁπ‰¥â«à“ª√‘¡“≥ “√ cinnamalde-

hyde ®“°™π‘¥·≈– à«πµà“ßÊ ¢ÕßµâπÕ∫‡™¬¡’ª√‘¡“≥ “√ª√–°Õ∫Õ¬Ÿà‰¡à‡∑à“°—π ®“°√“¬ß“π„πÕ¥’µ æ∫«à“¡’°“√π” “√ cinnamaldehyde ∑’Ë·¬°∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ï®“°πÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬™π‘¥µà“ßÊ ¡“¬—∫¬—Èß°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ¢Õß®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å ‡™àπ∑“ß¥â“π°“√·æ∑¬å‰¥â¡’°“√„™âπ” “√ ”§—≠∑’Ë·¬°∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ï®“°‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬ §◊Õ cinnamaldehyde ¡“µàÕµâ“π°“√‡°‘¥¡–‡√Áß·≈–°“√°≈“¬æ—π∏ÿå¢Õß®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å∑’Ë°àÕ‚√§‰¥â·≈–‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ªπ‘¬¡π”πÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑»¡“„™â°—π¡“°„πÕÿµ “À°√√¡º≈‘µÕ“À“√ ‚¥¬„™â‡µ‘¡≈ß„πÕ“À“√‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ°“√∂πÕ¡Õ“À“√ ‡æ◊ËÕ¬—∫¬—Èß°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ¢Õß®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬åÕ’°∑—Èß “¡“√∂µâ“π∑“π®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å∑’Ë¡—°°àÕ„Àâ‡°‘¥°“√‡πà“‡ ’¬¢ÕßπÈ”º—°·≈–º≈‰¡â à«π Ouattara ·≈–§≥– (1997)

√“¬ß“π«à“πÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑» “¡“√∂¬—∫¬—Èß°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ¢Õß®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å∑’Ë‡®√‘≠„π‡π◊ÈÕµâ¡‰¥â·≈–∑’Ë ”§—≠ “√cinnamaldehyde “¡“√∂¬—∫¬—Èß°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ¢Õß‡™◊ÈÕ√“A. flavus ∑’Ë “√ “√æ‘…∑’ËÕ—πµ√“¬¡“°∑’Ëªπ‡ªóôÕπÕ¬Ÿà„π«—µ∂ÿ¥‘∫Õ“À“√ —µ«å

«. ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑.


À‘√—≠ °—ß·Œ ·≈–§≥–

°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ¢Õßª≈“π‘¥·¥ß·ª≈ß‡æ»∑’Ë‰¥â√—∫Õ“À“√∑—Èß 4 Ÿµ√ „π™à«ß·√°¢Õß°“√„ÀâÕ“À“√ ª≈“∑’Ë‰¥â√—∫Õ“À“√∑¥≈Õßº ¡πÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑»∑’Ë√–¥—∫§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ 500 ·≈– 1,000 à«π„π≈â“π à«π °‘πÕ“À“√‰¥âπâÕ¬°«à“™ÿ¥§«∫§ÿ¡·≈–™ÿ¥∑’Ë‰¥â√—∫Õ“À“√º ¡πÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑» 250 à«π„π≈â“π à«π ®÷ß∑”„Àâ¡’§à“πÈ”Àπ—°‡©≈’Ë¬µàÕµ—«·µ°µà“ß°—πÕ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠ ÷Ëß¡’ “‡Àµÿ¡“®“°ª√‘¡“≥¢Õß “√ °—¥‡¢â¡¢âπ Ÿß·≈–¡’°≈‘Ëπ©ÿπ¢ÕßπÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑» ®“°°“√ —ß‡°µæƒµ‘°√√¡°“√°‘πÕ“À“√æ∫«à“ ª≈“Õ¡Õ“À“√‰«â„πª“° ·≈â«§“¬Õ“À“√∑‘Èß ®÷ß∑”„Àâª≈“≈¥§«“¡Õ¬“°°‘πÕ“À“√ (palatability) ·≈–¬Õ¡√—∫Õ“À“√‰¥âπâÕ¬≈ß (acceptability) ª≈“®÷ß°‘πÕ“À“√‰¥âπâÕ¬°«à“ª√°µ‘ àßº≈„Àâª≈“√—∫ “√Õ“À“√‰¥âπâÕ¬°«à“∑”„Àâ¡’°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µµË” (Watanabe et al.,

1988) ·µà‡¡◊ËÕ∂÷ß —ª¥“Àå∑’Ë 4 ·≈– —ª¥“Àå∑’Ë 8 ª≈“„π™ÿ¥§«∫§ÿ¡·≈–ª≈“∑’Ë‰¥â√—∫Õ“À“√º ¡πÈ”¡—πÕ∫‡™¬‡∑» 250

à«π„π≈â“π à«π ¡’§à“πÈ”Àπ—°‡©≈’Ë¬µàÕµ—« Ÿß∑’Ë ÿ¥ ª≈“¡’≈—°…≥–§«“¡µâÕß°“√°‘πÕ“À“√¡“°°«à“ Ÿµ√Õ◊Ëπ Ê ®÷ß “¡“√∂°‘πÕ“À“√‰¥â„πª√‘¡“≥¡“°°«à“ à«πª≈“∑’Ë‰¥â√—∫Õ“À“√º ¡πÈ”¡—πÕ∫‡™¬‡∑»∑’Ë Ÿß°«à“ 250 à«π„π≈â“π à«πª≈“¡’°“√ª√—∫æƒµ‘°√√¡°“√°‘πÕ“À“√·≈–≈—°…≥–°“√°‘πÕ“À“√‰¥â‡ªìπª√°µ‘

®“°°“√»÷°…“§√—Èßπ’È®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â«à“ª≈“π‘≈·¥ß·ª≈ß‡æ»∑’Ë‰¥â√—∫Õ“À“√™ÿ¥§«∫§ÿ¡·≈–™ÿ¥∑’Ë‰¥â√—∫Õ“À“√º ¡πÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑» 250 à«π„π≈â“π à«π ¡’º≈°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ·≈–ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ°“√„™âÕ“À“√∑’Ë‰¡à·µ°µà“ß°—π·≈–¡’§à“¥’°«à“ª≈“∑’Ë‰¥â√—∫Õ“À“√º ¡Õ∫‡™¬‡∑»∑’Ë√–¥—∫500 ·≈– 1,000 à«π„π≈â“π à«π ‡¡◊ËÕæ‘®“√≥“§à“ —¡æ—π∏å

‡ªÕ√å‡´Áπµå°“√√Õ¥µ“¬ æ∫«à“ª≈“∑’Ë‰¥â√—∫πÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑»∑’Ë√–¥—∫ 250 à«π„π≈â“π à«π ¡’§«“¡µâ“π∑“π‚√§ Ÿß∑’Ë ÿ¥ ´÷Ëß¡’§à“ RPS ‡∑à“°—∫ 50 % ‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫™ÿ¥§«∫§ÿ¡ ·≈–™ÿ¥°“√∑¥≈ÕßÕ◊Ëπ Ê „π —ª¥“Àå∑’Ë 2

‡π◊ËÕß®“°ª≈“‰¥â√—∫ª√‘¡“≥πÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑»„πª√‘¡“≥∑’Ë‡À¡“– ¡∑’Ë ÿ¥ ‚¥¬ “√ cinnamaldehyde ∑’Ë‡ªìπÕß§åª√–°Õ∫À≈—°¢ÕßπÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑»‰ª∑”≈“¬µ”·Àπàß·≈–°≈‰°¢Õß‡´≈≈å·∫§∑’‡√’¬„Àâ‡°‘¥§«“¡‡ ’¬À“¬À√◊Õ‡°‘¥√Õ¬√—Ë« (leakage) ¢Õßºπ—ß‡´≈≈å (cell wall) ·≈–‡¬◊ËÕÀÿâ¡‡´≈≈å (cytoplasmic membrane) (Helender et al.,

1998 ; Sikkema et al.,1994) ∑”„ÀâÀπâ“∑’Ë¢Õß‡¬◊ËÕÀÿâ¡‡´≈≈å∑”ß“πº‘¥ª√°µ‘ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–°“√ªÑÕß°—π‰¡à„Àâ “√µà“ßÊ‡¢â“ÕÕ°®“°‡´≈≈å (osmotic barrier) Õ’°∑—Èß¡’Àπâ“∑’Ë‡°’Ë¬«°—∫√–∫∫°“√¢π àß electron transport ·≈– oxidative

phosphorylation ∑”„Àâæ≈—ßß“π„πµ—«·∫§∑’‡√’¬∂Ÿ°ª≈¥ª≈àÕ¬ÕÕ°¡“‰¥âπâÕ¬≈ß (Burt, 2004) ∑”„Àâ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ÕàÕπ·Õ·≈–µ“¬ ·≈–¬—ß “¡“√∂ √ÿª‰¥â«à“ª≈“„π™ÿ¥°“√∑¥≈Õß∑’Ë‰¥â√—∫ª√‘¡“≥πÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑» 500 ·≈–1,000 à«π„π≈â“π à«π Õ“®‰¥â√—∫ª√‘¡“≥ “√∑’Ë‰¡à‡À¡“– ¡∑”„Àâ¡’Õ—µ√“°“√√Õ¥µ“¬µË” Õ’°∑—ÈßÕ“®¡’Õ“°“√º‘¥ª√°µ‘¢Õß‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ¿“¬„π ‚¥¬‡©æ“–‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕµ—∫ÕàÕπ∑’Ëº≈‘µ‡Õπ‰´¡å∑√‘ª´‘π∑’Ë∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë¬àÕ¬‚ª√µ’π (Robaina et al., 1998) ®÷ß∑”„Àâª≈“¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ°“√¬àÕ¬‚ª√µ’πµË” Õ—π¡’ “‡Àµÿ¡“®“°ª≈“Õ¥Õ“À“√„π™à«ß —ª¥“Àå·√°Ê (Hibiya, 1982)

‡æ√“–ª√‘¡“≥πÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬∑’Ëº ¡„πÕ“À“√„π§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ∑’Ë Ÿß‡°‘π‰ª ÷Ëß àßº≈„Àâ¡’°“√‡ª≈’Ë¬π·ª≈ß¢Õß‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ Õ¥§≈âÕß„π√Ÿª∑’Ë 4-6 ¢Õßª≈“π‘≈·¥ß·ª≈ß‡æ»∑’Ë‰¥â√—∫Õ“À“√º ¡πÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑» 1,000 à«π„π≈â“π à«π

Table 3. Comparison of percent cinnamaldehyde compound present in cinnamon oil.

Compound of

cinnamaldehyde

1. Cinnamomum zeylanicum (bark) 65 Lens- Lisbonne et al., (1987)2. C. zeylanicum (bark) 75 Jayaprakasha et al., (2000)3. C. osmophloeum (leaf) 76 Chang et al., (2001)4. C. cassia (shoot) 96.5 Kim et al., (2004)5. C. cassia (bark) 81 Friedman et al., (2000)6. C. zeylanicum (bark) 81.3 Present study

Species of cinnamon Reference




„π —ª¥“Àå∑’Ë 6 æ∫«à“‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕµ—∫À¥‡≈Á°≈ß (atrophy) ·≈–Hepatic sinusoid ¢¬“¬°«â“ß¢÷Èπ ·≈–‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ‰µ‡°‘¥°“√À¥µ—«¢Õß‚°≈‡¡Õ√Ÿ≈— °“√‡æ‘Ë¡®”π«π acidophilic group

‡π◊ËÕß®“°°“√·µ°À—°¢Õß‚§√ß √â“ß‚ª√µ’π ‡¡◊ËÕ‡∑’¬∫°—∫‡´≈≈åª°µ‘ ‡´≈≈åµ“¬®–¡’π‘«‡§≈’¬ ‡≈Á°°«à“ µ‘¥ ’Œ’¡“∑Õ°‰´≈’π·πàπ∑÷∫ ‚¥¬‚§√¡“µ‘πÕ¬Ÿà™‘¥¢Õ∫π‘«‡§≈’¬ ·≈–„π√–¬–√ÿπ·√ß®–æ∫π‘«‡§≈’¬ À¥µ—«·≈–·µ° (Wheater et al.,

1985 ; Hibaya, 1982) Õ’°∑—Èß Burkit ·≈–§≥– (1996)

√“¬ß“π«à“°“√∑’Ëπ‘«‡§≈’¬ À¥µ—«Õ“®‡°‘¥®“°°“√À¥∑÷∫¢Õß‚§√¡“µ‘π ´÷Ëß‡°‘¥®“°§à“§«“¡‡ªìπ°√¥-¥à“ß (pH) ≈¥≈ß‡π◊ËÕß®“°°√–∫«π°“√‡¡µ“‚∫≈‘´÷¡·∫∫‰¡à„™âÕÕ°´‘‡®π·≈– “‡Àµÿ∑’Ë∑”„Àâ‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ¢Õßª≈“π‘≈·¥ß·ª≈ß‡æ»∑’Ë‰¥â√—∫Õ“À“√∑¥≈Õßº ¡πÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑»∑’Ë§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ500 ·≈– 1,000 æ’æ’‡ÕÁ¡ ´÷Ëß‡°‘¥®“°°“√∑’Ëª≈“‰¥â√—∫πÈ”¡—π‡ª≈◊Õ°Õ∫‡™¬‡∑»∑’Ëº ¡„πÕ“À“√„π§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ∑’Ë Ÿß‡°‘π‰ª·≈–°“√‡ª≈’Ë¬π·ª≈ß¢Õß‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕµ—∫º‘¥ª°µ‘ ®–∑”„Àâª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ°“√∑”ß“π¢Õßµ—∫≈¥πâÕ¬≈ß àßº≈„Àâª≈“¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ°“√„™âÕ“À“√µË”≈ß ®÷ß àßº≈„Àâª≈“¡’°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ¥’‰¡à‡∑à“°—∫ª≈“ª√°µ‘ ´÷Ëß Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫√“¬ß“π¢ÕßHibiya (1982) √“¬ß“π«à“§«“¡º‘¥ª°µ‘„πµ—∫ÕàÕπ ¡—°æ∫‡´≈≈åÀ¥≈’∫ ‡´≈≈åµ“¬ ‰´‚¡‡®π°√“πŸ≈≈¥≈ß ‡π◊ËÕß®“°ª≈“Õ¥Õ“À“√‡ªìπ‡«≈“π“π ®÷ß àßº≈„Àâ‡°‘¥§«“¡º‘¥ª√°µ‘¢Õß‡´≈≈åµ—∫ (Zhalka and Bdolah, 1987 ; Beccaria

et al., 1992 ; Zhaobin and Xuefu, 2000)

°‘µµ‘°√√¡ª√–°“»

ß“π«‘®—¬§√—Èßπ’È ‰¥â√—∫∑ÿπÕÿ¥Àπÿπ°“√«‘®—¬ª√–‡¿∑‡™◊ËÕ¡‚¬ß°—∫∫—≥±‘µ»÷°…“¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å §≥–ºŸâ«‘®—¬¢Õ¢Õ∫§ÿ≥ §ÿ≥‡©≈‘¡ À«—πÀ¡“π ∑’Ë‰¥â„Àâ§”™’È·π–„π√–À«à“ß°“√∑¥≈Õßµ≈Õ¥¡“·≈–¢Õ∫§ÿ≥ §ÿ≥∂πÕ¡æß»å∫—«∫√√®ß ·≈– §ÿ≥«—™√æß…å ÀπŸ‡æ™√ ∑’Ë‰¥â„Àâ§«“¡™à«¬‡À≈◊Õµà“ß Ê

‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß

°√¡ª√–¡ß. 2541. §Ÿà¡◊Õ°“√‡≈’È¬ßª≈“π‘≈‡æ»ºŸâ “¬æ—π∏ÿå®‘µ√≈¥“ 2. ∂“∫—π«‘®—¬·≈–æ—≤π“æ—π∏ÿ°√√¡ —µ«åπÈ”.°√–∑√«ß‡°…µ√·≈– À°√≥å.

‡§√◊Õ«—≈¬å ∂‘µ‘√—µ. 2542. µ≈“¥ —µ«åπÈ”µ√–°Ÿ≈ª≈“À¡Õ‡∑»/ª≈“π‘≈ (Tilapia) „π´’°‚≈°µ–«—πÕÕ°. «. °“√ª√–¡ß.52 : 263-266.

®‘√“æ√ ‡°…√®—π∑√å ‘∑∏‘ ∫ÿ≥¬√—µº≈‘π ·≈– °‘®°“√ »ÿ¿¡“µ¬å.2529. Streptococcus sp. ·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’Ë‡ªìπ “‡Àµÿ¢Õß‚√§„πª≈“∫Ÿà∑√“¬. «. ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑ 8(3) :

329 - 332.

∫ÿ≠‡∑’¬¡ §ß»—°¥‘Ïµ√–°Ÿ≈ √ÿàß√–«’ ‡µÁ¡»‘√‘ƒ°…å°ÿ≈ «‘ ÿ¥“ ÿ«‘∑¬“ ¡„® π§√™—¬ ·≈– ¬ÿ«¥’ «ß»å°√–®à“ß. 2537. °“√»÷°…“ƒ∑∏‘Ï≈¥‰¢â¢Õß∫Õ√–‡æÁ¥. «. ‡¿ —™»“ µ√å. ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¡À‘¥≈. 21(1) : 1 - 6.

ª°√≥å Õÿàπª√–‡ √‘∞. 2527. ª≈“π‘≈·¥ß. «. °“√ª√–¡ß. 37 :

229-234.

¡“≈‘π ®ÿ≈»‘√‘. 2540. ¬“µâ“π®ÿ≈™’æ : §«“¡√Ÿâæ◊Èπ∞“π·≈–°“√ª√–¬ÿ°µå. æ‘¡æå§√—Èß∑’Ë 1. °√ÿß‡∑æœ : ‚√ßæ‘¡æå ∂“∫—πæ—≤π“°“√ “∏“√≥ ÿ¢Õ“‡´’¬π.

‡¬“«π‘µ¬å ¥π¬¥≈ ∂“æ√ ¥‘‡√°∫ÿ…√“§¡ ·≈– ‡æÁ≠»√’ ‡¡◊Õß‡¬“«å. 2543. §ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘¢Õß‡™◊ÈÕ·≈–°“√‡°‘¥‚√§®“°‡™◊ÈÕ β-hemolytic Streptococcus sp. „πª≈“°–æß¢“«∑’Ë‡≈’È¬ß„π®—ßÀ«—¥ªíµµ“π’·≈–®—ßÀ«—¥ ß¢≈“. ‡Õ° “√«‘™“°“√©∫—∫∑’Ë 8/2543. ß¢≈“ : ∂“∫—π«‘®—¬°“√‡æ“–‡≈’È¬ß —µ«åπÈ”™“¬Ωíòß®—ßÀ«—¥ ß¢≈“ °√¡ª√–¡ß°√–∑√«ß‡°…µ√·≈– À°√≥å.

≈—¥¥“«—≈¬å ∫ÿ≠√—µ√°√°‘®. 2541. ‚Õ°“ ·≈–∑“ß‡≈◊Õ°¢Õß ¡ÿπ‰æ√‰∑¬. «. »√’π§√‘π∑√«‘‚√≤‡¿ —™ “√. 3:43-51.

«‘¡≈ ®—π∑√‚√∑—¬ ·≈– °‘®®“ „®‡¬Áπ. 2535. °“√»÷°…“™π‘¥¢ÕßÕ“À“√ ”‡√Á®√Ÿª‡æ◊ËÕ„™â„π°“√‡≈’È¬ß≈Ÿ°ª≈“π‘≈·¥ß·ª≈ß‡æ». ‡Õ° “√«‘™“°“√©∫—∫∑’Ë 123/2535. °√ÿß‡∑æœ: ∂“∫—π«‘®—¬ª√–¡ßπÈ”®◊¥ ®µÿ®—°√ °√ÿß‡∑æœ °√¡ª√–¡ß°√–∑√«ß‡°…µ√·≈– À°√≥å.

∂“æ√ ¥‘‡√°∫ÿ…√“§¡ ·≈– ‡¬“«π‘µ¬å ¥π¬¥≈. 2530. ‚√§√–∫“¥∑’Ë‡°‘¥®“° non-hemolytic Streptococcus sp.

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