A century of progressA century of progress

Dynamics of MatterDynamics of Matter in in TimeTime

with atomic-scale resolutionwith atomic-scale resolution

PhysicsChemistry Biology

Complexity

Van`t Hoff ( 1901 )Arrhenius ( 1903 )Ostwald ( 1909 )

Hinshelwood & Semenov ( 1956)Eigen & Norrish , Porter ( 1967 )

Herschbach , Lee & Polanyi ( 1986 )Marcus ( 1992 )

Townes & Basov , Prokhorov ( 1964 )

Seconds , Ensembles Rates & Mechanisms

Milli to PicosecondKinetics

FemtosecondDynamics

Atomic-ScaleFunction

AZ ( 1999 )

Trp18A7

A8A10

A9

Dynamics : Over A Century

Quantum MechanicsQuantum Mechanics

Classical MechanicsClassical Mechanics

CoherenceCoherence

The New FrontierThe New Frontier

Structures & DynamicsStructures & Dynamics in in bothboth Space Space and and TimeTime

Can it be achieved ?Can it be achieved ?

Why 4D ? Why 4D ?

Complex Energy LandscapesComplex Energy Landscapes

FESFES vsvs PES PES

Non-equilibrium StructuresNon-equilibrium StructuresWeak Forces :HI,EI,DI & HBWeak Forces :HI,EI,DI & HB

Structure , Dynamics , FunctionStructure , Dynamics , Function

Concept of UEDConcept of UED

Nature(London) 412, 279 (2001)

Science, 291, 458 (2001)

Diffraction Frame-Diffraction Frame-Reference MethodReference Method

1% change !!

_

Science, 291, 458 (2001)

Dark StructuresDark Structures

Science( 2005 )

Condensed Phase & BiologicalCondensed Phase & BiologicalOpportunities in the New FieldOpportunities in the New Field

ßß UEC & Structures ofUEC & Structures of CondensedCondensed PhasesPhases

ßß UEM & Molecular and Cell ImagingUEM & Molecular and Cell Imaging

ßß SURFACE REACTION DYNAMICSSURFACE REACTION DYNAMICSßß CRYSTALSCRYSTALSßß PHASE TRANSITIONSPHASE TRANSITIONSßß SELF-ASSEMBLYSELF-ASSEMBLYßß BIOLOGICAL STRUCTURESBIOLOGICAL STRUCTURES

(Experimental & Theoretical )

Paradigm case study : structural dynamics of GaAs (111)-Cl

Time & length Scales with Atomic ResolutionTime & length Scales with Atomic Resolution

Potential driven contractionPotential driven contraction fsfs to 1ps to 1ps - - 0.0150.015ÅÅ surface atoms surface atoms

Coherent to isotropic lattice expansionCoherent to isotropic lattice expansion psps to 7ps + 0.025 to 7ps + 0.025ÅÅ nm bulk nm bulk

Heat diffusion & re-structuringHeat diffusion & re-structuring 50ps to 1ns 50ps to 1ns + 0.0032 + 0.0032ÅÅ bulk bulk

Surface melting , phase transition & re-Surface melting , phase transition & re-structuring : high temperature (fluence)structuring : high temperature (fluence)

PNAS 101, 1123 (2004) Diffraction Frame Reference ( Si : -150 ps)

InterfacesInterfaces

Molecular Self-Assembly

Surface as a Template

Spatial & Temporal ResolutionsSpatial & Temporal Resolutions

Surface Temperature JumpSurface Temperature Jump

Structure:Structure: interface ordered interface orderedbulk disorderedbulk disordered

Dosing water at 120 K

Science (2004)

Bilayers – Structure & Dynamics

Theory : Heating Pulse Dynamics

4.7 Å

8.0 Å

Heating zone(1500 K)

Temperatureconstant(300 K)

fix

50 C20H42 molecules wereplaced on Si (111) surface.

x

z

x

y

Suzuki , Kubo , Shoji & Zewail

UEMUEMLaser/Amplifier

l/2

Glan-Thomson

Pockels Cell

SHG

OPA

Cathode

Condenser

Specimen

Objective

Focu

sing

and

Posit

ioni

ng Energy Filter

CCD

TEM

Delay

AHZ , Phil Tran R Soc ( 2004 )

PNAS ( 2005 )

35

Molecular ComplexityUED-1 / UED-2 UED-3

36

Macromolecular AssembliesUED-4

4D

Structures & DynamicsStructures & Dynamics in in bothboth Space Space and and Time !!!Time !!!

UED UEC UEMUED UEC UEM

39

UED , UEC , UEMChuck Williamson

Marcos Dantus

Scott Kim

Hyotcherl Ihee

Jiaming Cao

Hans Frey

Udo Gomez

Chong-Yu Ruan

Boyd GoodsonFranco VigliottiShoujun Xu

Spencer BaskinJonathan FeenstraDmitry Shorokhov

Milo LinSangtae Kim

Jerry YangNuh Gedik

Scott HabershonMarco SeidelSongye Chen

Vladimir LobastovRamesh Srinivasan

Bill Anderson$ National Science FoundationAir Force