5.1: INDUSTRIALIZATION AND GLOBAL CAPITALISM 5:2: IMPERIALISM AND NATION-STATE FORMATION 5.3:...
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5.1: INDUSTRIALIZATION AND GLOBAL CAPITALISM 5:2: IMPERIALISM AND NATION-STATE FORMATION 5.3: NATIONALISM, REVOLUTION, AND REFORM 5.4: GLOBAL MIGRATION
5.1: INDUSTRIALIZATION AND GLOBAL CAPITALISM 5:2: IMPERIALISM
AND NATION-STATE FORMATION 5.3: NATIONALISM, REVOLUTION, AND REFORM
5.4: GLOBAL MIGRATION Period 5: Industrialization and Global
Integration, c. 1750-1900- 20% of test
Slide 2
Key Concept 5.1:Industrialization and Global Capitalism
Industrialization fundamentally changed the production and
consumption of goods around the world A variety of factors led to
the I.R. Europes location and geographical distribution of coal,
iron, timber Urbanization Agricultural productivity Legal
protection of private property Access to foreign resources
Accumulation of capital
Slide 3
Key Concept 5.1:Industrialization and Global Capitalism
Machines Steam engine Internal combustion engine Possible to
exploit fossil fuels Factory systems Specialization of labor Second
Industrial Revolution Steele, chemicals, electricity, precision
electricity
Slide 4
Key Concept 5.1:Industrialization and Global Capitalism Need
for raw materials led to specialized mass production of single
natural resources (cotton, rubber, palm oil, sugar, wheat, etc)
Decline of agricultural activity in some places-Textile production
in India New consumer markets-China Mining centers-copper in
Mexico, gold and diamonds in Africa Development and expansion of
financial institutions- stock markets, insurance, gold standard,
corporations Classical liberalism-Adam Smith and John Stuart Mill
Transportation and communication
Slide 5
Key Concept 5.1:Industrialization and Global Capitalism Social
Classes Middle class and industrial working class Gender roles
changed Urbanization-unsanitary conditions and new types of
communities Global Capitalism Alternative visions: Utopian
socialism, Marxism, Anrarchism Government promotion of
industrialization-Meiji Japan, Tsarist Russia, Chinas Self-
Strengthening, Ottoman Empire Reforms: state pensions and public
health- Germany, suffrage rights- Britain, public education
Slide 6
Key Concept 5.2: Imperialism and Nation- State Formation States
expanded overseas colonies and established new types of colonies
Modern empire building impacted regional warfare and diplomacy
Increase in European influence, USA, and Japan Land based empires
in Eurasia were challenged by new empires New ideas about
nationalism, race, gender, class, and culture developed and
facilitated growth of empires and formation of new national
identities
Slide 7
Key Concept 5.2: Imperialism and Nation- State Formation
Strengthening colonial control-British in India, Dutch in Indonesia
Europeans used warfare and diplomacy to establish empires-Britain
in W. Africa, Belgium in Congo European settler colonies-British in
S. Africa, Australia, New Zealand and the French in Algeria
Economic imperialism-British and French
Slide 8
Key Concept 5.2: Imperialism and Nation- State Formation
Imperialism influenced state formation and contraction around the
world Anti-imperialism resistance led to the contraction of Ottoman
Empire USA and Russia expanded their land borders New states
developed on the edge of existing empires-The Cherokee Nation, Zulu
Kingdom, Hawaii Nationalism-Germany, Philippines, Liberia Social
Darwinism justified imperialism
Slide 9
Key Concept 5.3: Nationalism, Revolution, and Reform Intense
period of revolution and rebellion, establishment of new nation
states Enlightenment Locke, Voltaire, Rousseau Revolutionary
documents-Declaration of Independence, Declaration of Rights of Man
and Citizen, Jamaica Letter Individual Rights, Natural Rights,
Social Contract New ideologies Anti-imperial Liberalism, Socialism,
Communism Womens suffrage, emergent feminism-Mary Wollstonecraft,
Declaration of Sentiments
Slide 10
5.4: Global Migration Number of migrants increased
significantly Change connected to transoceanic empires and a global
capitalist economy Some economic benefits Some people became
economic commodities Produced dramatically different societies on
both ends Challenging for governments-trying to foster national
identities and regulate the flow of people (enclaves such as
Indians in S. Africa) (Chinese Exclusion Acts) Global population
rose because of changes in food production and improved medical
conditions New transportation Increased urbanization-people
relocated to cities
Slide 11
Key Concept 5.4 : Global Migration End of slave trade but
increased indentured labor and penal colonies Long Distance
migration Regulation of borders (passports, citizenship as part of
nation state)
Slide 12
Demographic and Environmental Changes Migration Immigration
Why? Where?
Slide 13
19 th c. Migration to Latin America Asian immigration to Latin
Americans Filipinos in 16 th century Indentured labor: Chinese,
Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese Brazil now has 2.3 million Asian
Latin Americans 3% of population today in Peru
Slide 14
Changing Relationships between Latin America and the World
Political independence (Simon Bolivar and Gran Colombia) Rebellions
of the Last Incas Economic dependency (sugar, coffee, bananas,
guano) Emerging Relationship with the United States (neo-
imperialism)
Slide 15
Simon Bolivar--The Jamaica Letter The role of the inhabitants
of the American hemisphere has for centuries been purely passive.
Politically they were nonexistent. We are still in a position lower
than slavery, and therefore it is more difficult for us to rise to
the enjoyment of freedomStates are slaves because of either the
nature or the misuse of their constitutions; a people is therefore
enslaved when the government, by its nature or its vices, infringes
on and usurps the rights of the citizen or subject.
Slide 16
Simon Bolivar--The Jamaica Letter More than anyone, I desire to
see America fashioned into the greatest nation in the world,
greatest not so much by virtue of her area and wealth as by her
freedom and glory. Although I seek perfection for the government of
my country, I cannot persuade myself that the New World can, at the
moment, be organized as a great republic. . The American states
need the care of paternal governments to heal the sores and wounds
of despotism and war. As soon as we are strong and under the
guidance of a liberal nation which will lend us her protection, we
will achieve accord in cultivating the virtues and talents that
lead to glory. Then will we march majestically toward that great
prosperity for which South America is destined.
Slide 17
New Dependencies Sugar Guano Bananas Coffee
Slide 18
Banana Republics
Slide 19
Rise of Western Dominance Patterns of Expansion Imperialism and
Colonialism African continent, much of Asia, and Oceania Ethiopia
and Siam Hawaii and New Zealand
Slide 20
Rise of Western Dominance Cultural and Political Reactions to
western dominance (reform, resistance, rebellion, racism,
nationalism) Japan Commodore Perry and Meiji Restoration Russia
Reforms and Rebellions Siam and Ethiopia-- defensive modernization
China--Boxer Rebellion Islamic and Chinese responses compared
Impact of Changing European Ideologies on Colonial
Administrations
Slide 21
Rise of Western Dominance Scramble for Africa
Slide 22
Talking Points: The Magnificent African Cake Berlin Conference
Boer War: Dutch and the British Liberia and Ethiopia Resistance
efforts Cecil Rhodes Lobengula and the Rudd Concession King
Leopolds Ghost French vs. British rule Resource exploitation:
rubber, diamonds
Slide 23
Comparing Intervention Forms of intervention in 19 th century
Latin America and Africa Case studies: US involvement in Latin
America compared to Belgians in Congo or British in Nigeria?
British actions in South Africa (Boer War) compared to British in
Falklands or French in Algeria? Italian intervention in Ethiopia
compared to French in Haiti Others?
Slide 24
Race and Civilization Racism Social Darwinism Herbert
Spencer
Slide 25
Revolutions Revolutions (Haiti, Americas, Europe) and colonial
revolts Enlightenment ideology as well as the use of spirituality
in some rebellions Liberal political principles embraced suffrage,
abolition, and gender equality
Slide 26
Political Revolutions and Independence Movements Revolutions
Why Revolution now? Where? United States (1776) France (1789) Haiti
(1803) Mexico (1910) China (1911)
Slide 27
Political Revolutions and Independence Movements Latin American
Independence Movements Why? Simon Bolivar
Slide 28
Political Revolutions and Independence Movements Haitian
Revolution Toussaint LOuverture
Slide 29
Political Revolutions and Independence Movements Mexican
Revolution
Slide 30
Liberator-Hero Analysis: Eulogies and Portraits
Slide 31
New Political Ideas Rise of Nationalism Growth of Nation-states
Compare to Germany, Italy, Japan, India, Ethiopia
Slide 32
Resistance in Africa Samoure Toure Menelik II
Slide 33
Abolition: End of the Slave trade Why? William Wilberforce So
enormous, so dreadful, so irremediable did the Trade's wickedness
appear that my own mind was completely made up for Abolition. Let
the consequences be what they would, I from this time determined
that I would never rest until I had effected its abolition. Is it
not the great end of religion, and, in particular, the glory of
Christianity, to extinguish the malignant passions; to curb the
violence, to control the appetites, and to smooth the asperities of
man; to make us compassionate and kind, and forgiving one to
another; to make us good husbands, good fathers, good friends; and
to render us active and useful in the discharge of the relative
social and civil duties? Equianno
Slide 34
Abolition of slave trade- Britain 1807
Slide 35
Wahhabism 18 th century conservative Islam movement Modern
Legacy within Arab nationalism
Slide 36
Mohammad Ali and Egypt Such being my supreme pleasure on all
the points above specified, thou, thy children, and thy
descendants, grateful for this exalted sovereign favour, ye shall
always be diligent in scrupulously executing the conditions laid
down, ye shall take need not to infringe them, ye shall be careful
to ensure the repose and the tranquility of the Egyptians by
protecting them from all injury and from all oppressions, ye shall
report to this place, and ye shall apply for orders on all matters
of importance which concern those countries, it being for these
purposes that the present Imperial FIRMAN, which is decorated with
my sovereign signature, has been written, and is sent to you.
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Slide 37
Suffrage Movements Small presence of movement in Latin American
countries though in Africa women were more involved in nationalist
struggles (later) National women's suffrage was granted in 1929 in
Ecuador, 1932 in Brazil, 1939 in El Salvador, 1942 in the Dominican
Republic, 1945 in Guatemala, and 1946 in Argentina. In African
countries, men and women have generally received the vote at the
same time, as in Liberia (1947), Uganda (1958), and Nigeria
(1960).
Slide 38
Impact of Industrialization in Latin America Raw materials Beef
Extract (BWH series) Trade Case studies student jigsaw Argentina
Peru Brazil (The Seamstress) Mexico Nicaragua Cuba
Slide 39
Impact of Industrialization in Africa Raw materials Colonialism
Case Studies student jigsaw Congo (Choices unit) Rhodesia/ South
Africa Kenya Morocco The Gambia/ Senegal (Donald Wrights book)
Slide 40
Gender Roles and conditions of upper/ middle versus working/
peasant class women in western Europe compared to women in Latin
America and Sub- Saharan Africa in the 19 th century
Slide 41
Changes in Global Commerce, Communication and Technology Modes
of Transportation/ communication Impact of railroad, steam,
telegraph Suez Canal, Panama Canal
Slide 42
Panama Canal
Slide 43
Slide 44
Suez Canal Suez canal opened in 1869
Slide 45
Conclusions What are the global processes that are at play?
Which have intensified? Diminished? Predict how the events of the
19 th century are a natural culmination of earlier developments.
Speculate what historical events in the 19 th century would have
most surprised historians of earlier eras. What region (s) are in a
position to be players in the next period?