4.Physic & Data Link Engineering

7/27/2019 4.Physic & Data Link Engineering

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Physic & Data link EngineeringPhysic & Data link Engineering

Telkom UniversityBandung

2013


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PendahuluanPendahuluan

Perkembangan teknologi & perkembanganaplikasijaringan beradaptasi secara dinamis

Perancangan jaringan bukan hal mudaharsitektur jaringan berfungsi memandu

perancangan dan implementasi jaringan Tantanganmendefinisikan suatu model yang

mewakili aspek-aspek penting dari sistem,membungkus (encapsulate) model tersebut dalamsuatu objek dan menyediakan antar muka

(interface) yang dapat dimanipulasi olehkomponen lain dalam sistem sementara itumenyembunyikan detil tentang implementasiobjek tersebut dari pengguna


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Ide Layeringsegalanya dimulai dari layanan yangditawarkan oleh perangkat keras, kemudianditambahkan layer demi layer diatasnya denganmasing-masing menawarkan level layanan yang

lebih tinggi (dan semakin abstrak) Keuntungan :

dekomposisi masalah pembangunan jaringan menjadikomponen-komponen yang lebih mudah ditangani

model untuk melakukan perancangan secara modular

Protokolobjek abstrak penyusun layer dalamsistem jaringan


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Network ArchitectureNetwork Architecture

Kumpulan aturan tentang format dan isi

dari protocol graph

Badan standarisasi internasional penyusun

arsitektur jaringan : IETF (InternetEngineering Task Force) dan ISO

(International Standard Organization)


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Benefit Of Using Layered ModelBenefit Of Using Layered Model

To visualize the interaction between various protocols, it iscommon to use a layered model.

There are benefits to using a layered model to describe networkprotocols and operations. Using a layered model:

Assists in protocol design, because protocols that operate at a specificlayer have defined information that they act upon and a defined

interface to the layers above and below. Fosters competition because products from different vendors can work

together.

Prevents technology or capability changes in one layer from affectingother layers above and below.

Provides a common language to describe networking functions and

capabilities.


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Protocol and Reference ModelProtocol and Reference Model

There are two basic types of networking

models:

protocol models

reference models.


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Protocol ModelProtocol Model

A protocol model provides a model that closelymatches the structure of a particular protocolsuite.

The hierarchical set of related protocols in a

suite typically represents all the functionalityrequired to interface the human network withthe data network.

The TCP/IP model is a protocol model becauseit describes the functions that occur at each

layer of protocols within the TCP/IP suite.


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Reference ModelReference Model

A reference model provides a common reference formaintaining consistency within all types of networkprotocols and services.

A reference model is not intended to be animplementation specification or to provide a sufficient

level of detail to define precisely the services of thenetwork architecture.

The primary purpose of a reference model is to aid inclearer understanding of the functions and processinvolved.

The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is themost widely known internetwork reference model. It isused for data network design, operation specifications,and troubleshooting.


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TCP/IP and OSI models are the primary modelsused when discussing network functionality,designers of network protocols, services,or devices can create their own models to

represent their products. Ultimately, designers are required to

communicate to the industry by relating theirproduct or service to either the OSI model or

the TCP/IP model, or to both.


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PerbandinganPerbandingan ArsitekturArsitektur


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TCP/IP MODELTCP/IP MODEL


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OSI MODELOSI MODEL

Initially the OSI model was designed by theInternational Organization for Standardization

(ISO) to provide a framework on which to build

a suite of open systems protocols.

The vision was that this set of protocols would

be used to develop an international network

that would not be dependent on proprietary

systems.


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Model Seven Layer OSI

Wire (Network Cable)

Application Program

Layer 7

Layer 6

Layer 5

Layer 4

Layer 3

Layer 2

Layer 1

Application Layer

Presentation Layer

Session Layer

Transport Layer

Network Layer

Datalink Layer

Physical Layer Berhub dg sinyal elektrik

Menyediakan koneksi point-to-point handal

Koneksi/pemgiriman paket ke tujuan

Menyediakan koneksi end-to-end

Manage koneksi end-to-end

Data filters (compression, encryption)

Interface ke program user

signals

Tujuan

NIC


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Layer 1: Physical Layer

Fungsi Utama: Berhubungan dgsinyal elektrik

Contoh: Manchester Signal Encoding

NRZI Signal Encoding

Bipolar-AMI Signal Encoding

Mendefinisikan bagaimana sinyal direpresentasikan

Interpretasi sinyal elektrik, representasikan sbg 1 atau 0



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Layer 2: Data Link Layer

Deteksi dan koreksierror sinyal, jika ada

Fungsi Utama:

Meneruskan/Forwardsinyal yg diterima ke network layer

Jika error tdk dp dikoreksi, memberikan error warningke network layer

Menyediakan Media Access Control (MAC)

- Utk shared network, kontrol siapa yg dp menggunakan network

Contoh penggunaan bersama Network:

Ring Bus

Star (=hub)



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Layer 3: Network Layer

Fungsi Utama:

Best effort delivery service

- Translasi address

- Meroutekan paketdari sumber ke tujuan



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Layer 4: Transport Layer

Fungsi Utama:

Deteksi dan koreksi error paket (error control) utk E2E

Melaksanakan flow control

- Jikapenerima ingin slow down, mengurang laju transmisi TX

- Jika network congesti, mengurang laju transmisi

congestion control

Layer 5: Session Layer

Fungsi Utama:

Establish/Manage/Deletekoneksi (E2E)

Kontrol Full-Duplex/Half-Duplex

QoS(specifikasi toleransi delay maximum)



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Layer 6: Presentation Layer Fungsi Utama: Encryption, compression, dll

Presentation Layer

Encrypted Data

Raw Data

Encryption

Presentation Layer

Compressed Data

Raw Data

Compression

Fungsi Utama: Interface ke application programs

Layer 7: Application Layer

Contoh: Network API (Application Program Interface)



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Model Seven Layer OSIModel Seven Layer OSI -- SummarySummary


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Bagaimana Data Mengalir?Bagaimana Data Mengalir?


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End-to-End dan Point-to-Point

Host A Host B

Intermediate Routers

Point-to-point

NIC

End-to-end


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SekianSekian


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TCP/IP ModelTCP/IP Model


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Physical LayerPhysical Layer

Lapis fisik, memiliki 4 karakteristik penting:

Mekanikperalatan fisik antarmuka ke

media transmisi

Listrikrepresentasi bit, laju transmisidata

Fungsikegunaan masing-masing

rangkaian listrik pada antarmuka Prosedururutan event pertukaran bit


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Data Link LayerData Link Layer

Framing Error Control (parity check, checksum)

Flow Control( stop n wait, sliding

window) Address Information (MAC)

Ada 2 Sublayer :1. MAC (kontrol shared medium)

2. LLC

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4.Physic & Data Link Engineering