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4.8. The Social and Economic Environment of
Roşia Montană
S. C. Roşia Montană Gold Corporation S.A. - Report on Environmental Impact Assessment Study Chapter 4.8 The Social and Economic Environment of Roşia Montană
Table of Contents
- ii -
Table of Contents 1 Potential Impacts – Overview ..................................................................................... 4 2 Methods to Assess and Predict the Impacts on the Socio-Economic Environment ... 11
2.1 Establishment of the Baseline Situation............................................................. 11 2.2 Prediction and Assessment of Impacts – Design of Mitigations ......................... 12
3 Legislative Context ................................................................................................... 13 4 Overview of the Baseline Socio-Economic Conditions.............................................. 15
4.1 General Outlines ............................................................................................... 15 4.2 Geographical and Administrative Situation ........................................................ 15 4.3 Characteristics of the population in the impact zone.......................................... 16
History...................................................................................................................... 16 Ethnic characteristics and Religion ........................................................................... 16 Demographical profile............................................................................................... 16
4.4 Local economical conditions and labour market ................................................ 21 Employment and unemployment dynamics .............................................................. 21 Roşia Montană Employment Dynamic...................................................................... 22 Economic activities................................................................................................... 23
Industry ............................................................................................................. 23 Agriculture ......................................................................................................... 25 Tourism ............................................................................................................. 26 Investments....................................................................................................... 26
4.5 Living conditions in the area .............................................................................. 27 Home ownership ...................................................................................................... 27 Dwellings – living conditions..................................................................................... 28
4.6 Health status ..................................................................................................... 29 Information on the disease rate at the inhabitants’ level ........................................... 29 Health risks in Roşia Montană .................................................................................. 30
4.7 Civil Society....................................................................................................... 31 5 Institutional Background ........................................................................................... 33
5.1 Local and County Government .......................................................................... 33 5.2 Regional Development Agency ......................................................................... 33
6 Potential Impacts...................................................................................................... 35 6.1 Identification of the Social Impacts Area............................................................ 35
Direct Impacts .......................................................................................................... 35 Indirect Impacts........................................................................................................ 35 Project Physical Footprint......................................................................................... 35 Project Social Impacts Area...................................................................................... 35
6.2 Identification and Description of Potential Socio-Economic Impacts during Construction, Operation and Closure........................................................................ 36
7 Mitigation and Monitoring Measures, Implementation Responsibilities ..................... 40
S. C. Roşia Montană Gold Corporation S.A. - Report on Environmental Impact Assessment Study Chapter 4.8 The Social and Economic Environment of Roşia Montană
Table of Contents
- iii -
List of Tables Table 1-1. Summary of Socio-Economic-Related Impacts ................................................ 5 Table 2-1. Socio-Economic Baseline Surveys................................................................. 11 Table 4-1. Ethnic distribution of population ..................................................................... 16 Table 4-2. Description of population types in the Community.......................................... 21 Table 4-3. Percentage of active/non-active population in the Community ....................... 21 Table 4-4. Value of procurement to Roşia Montană Gold Corporation ............................ 24 Table 4-5. Main investment disincentives concerning Roşia Montană............................. 26 Table 4-6. Health risks in Roşia Montană ....................................................................... 30 Table 6-1. Population Size in the Social Impacts Area.................................................... 35 Table 6-2. Potential Socio-Economic Impacts during the construction, operation and
closure........................................................................................................... 36 Table 7-1. Mitigation and Monitoring Measures, & Responsibilities................................. 41 List of Figures Figure 4.1. Community population dynamic ..................................................................... 17 Figure 4.2. Community population dynamic and trends ................................................... 18 Figure 4.3. Roşia Montană age pyramid .......................................................................... 19 Figure 4.4. Marital status of household heads.................................................................. 19 Figure 4.5. Household by number of members ................................................................ 19 Figure 4.6. Education trends in the Community ............................................................... 20 Figure 4.7. Education level by age in Roşia Montană ................................................... 20 Figure 4.8. Community employment dynamic .................................................................. 22 Figure 4.9. Roşia Montană definition of population and trends......................................... 23 Figure 4.10. Roşia Montană income source ................................................................... 23 Figure 4.11. Procurement dynamics of Roşia Montană Gold Corporation in the Community
……………………………………………………………...………………………24 Figure 4.12. Agricultural characteristics of Roşia Montană ............................................. 25 Figure 4.13. Community home ownership trends ........................................................... 27 Figure 4.14. Community living conditions in homes........................................................ 28 Figure 4.15. Incidence of Ischaemic heart disease in the Community ............................ 29
S. C. Roşia Montană Gold Corporation S.A. - Report on Environmental Impact Assessment Study Chapter 4.8 The Social and Economic Environment of Roşia Montană
Section 1: Potential Impacts – Overview
Page 4 of 52
1 Potential Impacts – Overview The following chapter provides an overview of potential impacts, proposed mitigations, and related management plans concerning socio-economic aspects associated with the Roşia Montană Project (RMP) currently being developed by SC Roşia Montană Gold Corporation SA (RMGC). Socio-economic impacts resulting from the project can be divided into two components: 1. Direct impacts. Socio-economic impacts related with land acquisition (physical and
economic displacement) and are addressed in the Resettlement and Relocation Action Plan (RRAP).
2. Indirect impacts. Socio-economic and environmental impacts not related with land
acquisition and are addressed in the Community Sustainable Development Programme. The Community Sustainable Development Programme (CSDP) includes measures which will help strengthen and develop local communities’ socio-economic circumstances and reduce or mitigate potential negative impacts from changes to the current social and economic condition. Socio-economic impacts and effects will be considered and addressed taking into account the specific circumstances and context of Roşia Montană and its regions. As with all aspects of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), the socio-economic aspects will be developed and managed in compliance with Romanian legislation, European Union (EU) legislation, the Equator principles, and international best practice. These are described in detail in the CSDP. The following table provides a brief summary of potential impacts, proposed mitigations, and related management plans for the construction, operation and closure phases.
S. C
. Roş
ia M
onta
nă G
old
Cor
pora
tion
S.A
. - R
epor
t on
Env
ironm
enta
l Im
pact
Ass
essm
ent S
tudy
C
hapt
er 4
.8 T
he S
ocia
l and
Eco
nom
ic E
nviro
nmen
t of R
oşia
Mon
tană
S
ectio
n 1:
Pot
entia
l Im
pact
s –
Ove
rvie
w
Pag
e 5
of 5
2
Tabl
e 1-
1.
Sum
mar
y of
Soc
io-E
cono
mic
-Rel
ated
Impa
cts
Topi
c #
Act
ion
/ act
ivity
Po
tent
ial i
mpa
ct
Prev
entio
n / M
itiga
tion
mea
sure
s
App
licab
le
man
agem
ent p
lans
1 Ac
quis
ition
of l
and
for
purp
oses
of m
inin
g op
erat
ions
Phys
ical
and
eco
nom
ic d
ispl
acem
ent o
f pe
ople
: the
acq
uisi
tion
of a
bout
1,6
00
hect
ares
of l
and,
and
dis
plac
emen
t of a
bout
97
0 ho
useh
olds
, mos
tly fr
om th
e lo
calit
ies
of R
oşia
Mon
tană
(circ
a 57
7 ho
useh
olds
an
d 13
6 ap
artm
ents
), C
orna
(ca.
150
ho
useh
olds
), an
d G
ura
Cor
neii
(ca.
111
ho
useh
olds
).
Land
and
imm
ovea
ble
asse
ts a
cqui
red
from
ow
ners
by
RM
GC
on
the
basi
s of
“willi
ng s
elle
r – w
illing
buy
er” t
rans
actio
ns.
Dis
plac
ed h
ouse
hold
s ar
e el
igib
le to
one
of t
he fo
llow
ing
two
optio
ns:
Res
ettle
men
t, in
clud
ing
allo
catio
n of
a re
side
ntia
l plo
t and
re
cons
truct
ion
of re
side
ntia
l hou
ses
in re
settl
emen
t site
s de
velo
ped
by
RM
GC
in P
iatra
Alb
a, R
oşia
Mon
tană
com
una
- or i
n Al
ba Iu
lia, a
nd
othe
r ass
ista
nce
as d
etai
led
in th
e R
RAP
, R
eloc
atio
n, w
here
by th
e di
spla
ced
hous
ehol
d pu
rcha
ses
thei
r new
re
side
nce
them
selv
es, u
sing
the
com
pens
atio
n of
the
affe
cted
ass
ets
at
full
repl
acem
ent v
alue
. Rel
ocat
ion
also
incl
udes
oth
er a
ssis
tanc
e as
de
taile
d in
the
RR
AP.
Diff
eren
t liv
elih
ood
rest
orat
ion
mea
sure
s ar
e pu
t in
plac
e as
det
aile
d in
th
e R
RAP
and
the
CSD
P.
Dis
plac
ed p
eopl
e ha
ve a
cces
s to
a s
peci
fic g
rieva
nce
man
agem
ent
mec
hani
sm.
Vuln
erab
le p
eopl
e ar
e ad
dres
sed
thro
ugh
a sp
ecifi
c as
sist
ance
pa
ckag
e.
Res
ettle
men
t and
relo
catio
n m
easu
res
are
impl
emen
ted
by R
MG
C. T
he
budg
et o
f res
ettle
men
t and
relo
catio
n is
abo
ut U
SD 8
0 M
.
Land, infrastructure & demography
2 Lo
ss o
f pub
lic in
frast
ruct
ure
in
Roş
ia M
onta
nă
Cur
rent
pub
lic in
frast
ruct
ure
and
faci
litie
s in
R
osia
Mon
tana
are
des
troye
d in
ord
er th
at
min
ing
oper
atio
ns m
ay c
omm
ence
.
The
cons
truct
ion
of th
e re
settl
emen
t site
in P
iatra
Alb
a w
ill in
clud
e th
e re
plac
emen
t of a
ll pu
blic
infra
stru
ctur
e, in
clud
ing
the
Tow
n H
all,
polic
e st
atio
n, p
ost o
ffice
, cul
tura
l hou
se, n
ew p
iata
(tow
n ce
ntre
), he
alth
care
ce
ntre
and
pha
rmac
y. A
sch
ool w
ill a
lso
be c
onst
ruct
ed a
t Pia
tra A
lba
Pipe
d w
ater
, wat
erbo
rne
sew
erag
e, e
lect
ricity
and
tele
phon
e co
nnec
tions
will
be p
rovi
ded
to a
ll re
settl
emen
t hou
ses
M
ost c
hurc
hes
and
cem
eter
ies
rem
ain
unaf
fect
ed a
s a
resu
lt of
the
prot
ectio
n m
easu
res
that
will
be
impl
emen
ted
in th
e de
sign
ated
hi
stor
ical
pat
rimon
y pr
otec
tion
area
. Tho
se c
ongr
egat
iona
l stru
ctur
es
that
may
be
affe
cted
will
be e
ither
reco
nstru
cted
or c
ompe
nsat
ed, a
t the
co
ngre
gatio
n’s
choi
ce. C
emet
erie
s an
d gr
aves
will
be re
loca
ted
in
acco
rdan
ce w
ith R
oman
ian
legi
slat
ion
Res
ettle
men
t and
R
eloc
atio
n Ac
tion
Plan
(R
RAP
) C
omm
unity
Su
stai
nabl
e D
evel
opm
ent P
lan
(CSD
P)
Cul
tura
l pat
rimon
y pr
otec
tion
plan
(CPP
P)
Workforce
3
predominantly
male job-seekers Im
pact
on
loca
l in
frast
ruct
ure,
Pote
ntia
lly d
etrim
enta
l to
loca
ls v
ia
redu
ctio
n in
acc
ess
to a
nd q
ualit
y of
loca
l se
rvic
es. C
ompe
titio
n fo
r ser
vice
s.
Hiri
ng P
olic
y gi
ving
prio
rity
to lo
cals
for r
ecru
itmen
t by
RM
GC
, EPC
co
ntra
ctor
s an
d su
b-co
ntra
ctor
s. In
clud
ing
emph
asis
in e
qual
op
portu
nity
em
ploy
men
t to
incr
ease
num
bers
of w
omen
in w
orkf
orce
Com
mun
ity
Sust
aina
ble
Dev
elop
men
t Pla
n
S. C
. Roş
ia M
onta
nă G
old
Cor
pora
tion
S.A
. - R
epor
t on
Env
ironm
enta
l Im
pact
Ass
essm
ent S
tudy
C
hapt
er 4
.8 T
he S
ocia
l and
Eco
nom
ic E
nviro
nmen
t of R
oşia
Mon
tană
S
ectio
n 1:
Pot
entia
l Im
pact
s –
Ove
rvie
w
Pag
e 6
of 5
2
Topi
c #
Act
ion
/ act
ivity
Po
tent
ial i
mpa
ct
Prev
entio
n / M
itiga
tion
mea
sure
s
App
licab
le
man
agem
ent p
lans
ho
usin
g, b
asic
co
mm
oditi
es
and
serv
ices
Impr
ovem
ents
in lo
cal s
ervi
ces
etc,
thro
ugh
incr
ease
d de
man
d fo
r acc
ess
to a
nd q
ualit
y of
suc
h se
rvic
es b
y w
orke
rs; t
hrou
gh
incr
ease
in w
ealth
lead
ing
to m
ore
inve
stm
ents
In
crea
sed
cultu
ral d
iver
sity
and
soc
ial
revi
talis
atio
n: n
ew e
nerg
ies,
new
initi
ativ
es
– sp
orts
, com
mer
cial
, soc
ial
Impr
oved
and
incr
ease
d so
cial
div
ersi
ty b
y in
tegr
atio
n of
‘for
eign
’ wor
kers
with
loca
l po
pula
tion,
dire
ctly
(e.g
. via
mar
riage
s) o
r in
dire
ctly
thro
ugh
dem
and
by th
e w
orke
rs
+/- t
heir
partn
ers
for s
ervi
ces
in th
e lo
cal/r
egio
nal c
omm
uniti
es
No
miti
gatio
n m
easu
res
nece
ssar
y C
omm
unity
Su
stai
nabl
e D
evel
opm
ent P
lan
Ris
ks o
f dis
rupt
ion
and
(cul
tura
l) co
nflic
t w
ith lo
cals
Soci
al im
pact
s re
late
d to
in
tera
ctio
ns
with
loca
l po
pula
tion
Pote
ntia
lly li
ving
alo
ne, r
isks
that
dis
ease
s,
incl
udin
g se
xual
ly tr
ansm
itted
dis
ease
s,
incl
udin
g H
IV/A
IDS,
may
spr
ead
Hiri
ng P
olic
y pr
iorit
isin
g lo
cals
& e
qual
opp
ortu
nity
em
ploy
men
t to
incr
ease
num
bers
of w
omen
in th
e w
orkf
orce
. Em
phas
is o
n m
arrie
d m
en o
r men
with
long
term
par
tner
s.
Wor
kers
’ Cod
e of
Con
duct
; Com
mun
ity H
ealth
Pol
icy
to im
prov
e aw
aren
ess
of h
ealth
issu
es
Com
mun
ity
Sust
aina
ble
Dev
elop
men
t Pla
n
Ris
ks o
f inc
reas
ed u
nem
ploy
men
t and
so
cial
/eco
nom
ic v
ulne
rabi
lity
Hiri
ng P
olic
y pr
iorit
izin
g ex
-Min
vest
/Ros
iam
in w
orke
rs fo
r re-
empl
oym
ent b
y R
MG
C, E
PC c
ontra
ctor
s an
d su
b-co
ntra
ctor
s Pl
an to
be
deve
lope
d by
Min
vest
Workforce
4
Red
uctio
n in
loca
l/reg
iona
l w
orkf
orce
as
a re
sult
of
Min
vest
clo
sing
dow
n its
op
erat
ion
Rel
ease
of s
kille
d, m
inin
g re
late
d w
orke
rs
avai
labl
e fo
r em
ploy
men
t. M
agni
tude
de
pend
s on
how
man
y ca
n be
dire
ctly
em
ploy
ed b
y R
MG
C o
r sub
-con
tract
ors
5 R
ejuv
enat
ed a
nd im
prov
ed
empl
oym
ent m
arke
t and
po
ssib
ilitie
s
Impr
oved
cas
h in
com
es a
nd in
crea
sed
stan
dard
of l
ivin
g. In
crea
sed
oppo
rtuni
ties
for i
ndiv
idua
l and
fam
ily d
evel
opm
ent,
incl
udin
g co
mfo
rt (b
ette
r ins
ulat
ion,
etc
), ed
ucat
ion,
recr
eatio
n, &
futu
re in
vest
men
ts
6 Ad
ult e
duca
tion,
voc
atio
nal
train
ing,
on
the
job
train
ing
Incr
ease
d op
portu
nitie
s to
exp
loit
empl
oym
ent o
peni
ngs,
dev
elop
ow
n en
terp
rises
, fill
serv
ice-
dem
and
gaps
7 Im
prov
ed h
ealth
ser
vice
s an
d fa
cilit
ies
Bette
r hea
lth p
ossi
bilit
ies
parti
cula
rly fo
r el
derly
& d
isad
vant
aged
gro
ups
Social fabric & quality of life
8
Ren
ovat
ion
or c
onst
ruct
ion
of
new
inf
rast
ruct
ure
and
serv
ices
, inc
ludi
ng w
aste
, el
ectri
city
, wat
er, s
ewag
e &
road
s
Impr
oved
bas
ic &
com
mon
infra
stru
ctur
e, &
as
soci
ated
hea
lth im
prov
emen
ts. I
mpr
oved
in
cent
ive
to a
cces
s re
gion
or s
tay
in re
gion
du
e in
crea
se in
com
fort
fact
or. B
enef
icia
l to
tour
ist p
ossi
bilit
ies
No
miti
gatio
n m
easu
res
requ
ired.
D
evel
opm
ent,
impl
emen
tatio
n an
d ex
ecut
ion
of p
rogr
amm
es to
m
axim
ise
thes
e be
nefit
s co
ntai
ned
with
in v
ario
us m
anag
emen
t pla
ns.
Res
ettle
men
t and
re
loca
tion
actio
n pl
an
Com
mun
ity s
usta
inab
le
deve
lopm
ent p
lan
S. C
. Roş
ia M
onta
nă G
old
Cor
pora
tion
S.A
. - R
epor
t on
Env
ironm
enta
l Im
pact
Ass
essm
ent S
tudy
C
hapt
er 4
.8 T
he S
ocia
l and
Eco
nom
ic E
nviro
nmen
t of R
oşia
Mon
tană
S
ectio
n 1:
Pot
entia
l Im
pact
s –
Ove
rvie
w
Pag
e 7
of 5
2
Topi
c #
Act
ion
/ act
ivity
Po
tent
ial i
mpa
ct
Prev
entio
n / M
itiga
tion
mea
sure
s
App
licab
le
man
agem
ent p
lans
C
ultu
ral r
einv
igor
atio
n an
d re
vita
lisat
ion,
in
trodu
ctio
n of
new
cul
tura
l dyn
amic
s.
9 Ex
posu
re to
new
cul
ture
s (o
ther
Rom
ania
ns &
ex
patri
ates
) St
ress
& c
onfli
ct d
ue to
cha
nge,
unc
erta
inty
&
nego
tiatio
ns. R
esen
tmen
t, di
stru
st, f
ear o
f ne
w &
unk
now
n cu
lture
s, p
erso
ns
Hiri
ng P
olic
y gi
ving
prio
rity
to lo
cals
for r
ecru
itmen
t by
RM
GC
, EPC
co
ntra
ctor
s an
d su
b-co
ntra
ctor
s,. E
mph
asis
in e
qual
opp
ortu
nity
em
ploy
men
t to
incr
ease
num
bers
of w
omen
in w
orkf
orce
D
isru
ptio
n to
the
loca
l soc
ial f
abric
and
so
lidar
ity n
etw
orks
. Mai
nly
detri
men
tal t
o th
e m
ost v
ulne
rabl
e in
divi
dual
s su
ch a
s th
e el
derly
and
dis
able
d
Loss
of f
amily
hom
es, a
rea
and
mem
ory’
as
soci
atio
n.
Loss
of e
stab
lishe
d su
ppor
t net
wor
ks a
nd
neig
hbou
rhoo
ds
Vuln
erab
le P
eopl
e Po
licy,
incl
uded
in th
e R
RAP
Pe
ople
hav
e an
opt
ion
to re
settl
e (ra
ther
than
relo
cate
) on
a co
mm
unity
re
settl
emen
t site
whe
re a
ll co
mm
unity
faci
litie
s ar
e go
ing
to
reco
nstru
cted
Pl
ot a
nd h
ouse
allo
catio
n on
the
rese
ttlem
ent s
ites
will
atte
mpt
to
mai
ntai
n ne
ighb
ourh
oods
and
sol
idar
ity n
etw
orks
10
Res
ettle
men
t (of
a p
art)
of th
e co
mm
unity
Impr
oved
livi
ng c
ondi
tions
thro
ugh
new
bu
ildin
gs, b
ette
r inf
rast
ruct
ure,
impr
oved
ac
cess
to (b
ette
r) co
mm
unity
ser
vice
s
11
Dem
and
for l
ocal
ser
vice
s,
infra
stru
ctur
e in
clud
ing
hom
es,
land
, oth
er lo
cal r
esou
rces
&
prop
ertie
s.
Incr
ease
d w
ealth
to lo
cal p
rope
rty o
wne
rs /
oper
ator
s. O
ppor
tuni
ties
to li
quid
ate
asse
ts
or c
onve
rt ta
ngib
le a
sset
s to
inta
ngib
le
asse
ts. P
ossi
bilit
y to
inve
st in
opp
ortu
nitie
s ot
herw
ise
deni
ed lo
cals
.
No
miti
gatio
n m
easu
res
requ
ired
Res
ettle
men
t and
re
loca
tion
actio
n pl
an
Com
mun
ity
Sust
aina
ble
Dev
elop
men
t Pla
n
12
The
Proj
ect c
onst
ruct
ion
and
oper
atio
n te
mpo
raril
y or
pe
rman
ently
inte
rrup
ts o
r lim
its
acce
ss to
resi
denc
es a
nd
busi
ness
es
If re
side
nce,
resi
dent
mus
t mov
e ei
ther
te
mpo
raril
y or
per
man
ently
(res
ettle
men
t).
If bu
sine
ss, p
oten
tial o
f sig
nific
ant l
oss
of
busi
ness
. Bus
ines
s m
ust r
eloc
ate
or c
lose
. Po
ssib
ility
to re
-ope
n if
acce
ss is
te
mpo
raril
y re
stric
ted.
Iden
tific
atio
n of
all
acce
ss ro
ads
used
by
the
com
mun
ity p
rior t
o co
nstru
ctio
n / o
pera
tion
Impl
emen
tatio
n of
per
man
ent o
r tem
pora
ry a
ltern
ativ
e ac
cess
sol
utio
ns,
incl
udin
g fin
anci
al
13
The
Proj
ect c
onst
ruct
ion
and
oper
atio
n re
stric
ts e
ither
te
mpo
raril
y or
per
man
ently
ac
cess
to fi
elds
, pas
ture
, fo
rest
and
oth
er n
atur
al
reso
urce
s
Poss
ible
sig
nific
ant i
mpa
ct o
n su
bsis
tenc
e ag
ricul
tura
l liv
elih
ood
of p
eopl
e. In
terr
uptio
n to
sea
sona
l agr
icul
tura
l pra
ctic
es a
nd
anim
al h
usba
ndry
.
Iden
tific
atio
n of
all
acce
ss ro
ads
used
by
the
com
mun
ity p
rior t
o co
nstru
ctio
n / o
pera
tion
and
impl
emen
tatio
n of
per
man
ent o
r tem
pora
ry
alte
rnat
ive
acce
ss s
olut
ions
C
ompe
nsat
ion
paid
for d
amag
es re
sulti
ng fr
om te
mpo
rary
rest
rictio
n of
us
e. C
ompe
nsat
ion
rate
s as
per
the
RR
AP
Access
14
Impr
oved
tran
spor
t in
frast
ruct
ure
to lo
calit
y an
d re
gion
via
upg
radi
ng ro
ad li
nk
& lo
gist
ical
sup
port
Easi
er in
gres
s &
egre
ss o
f reg
ion
by p
eopl
e in
clud
ing
tour
ists
. Pro
mot
ion
of re
gion
for
(tour
ist/a
ltern
ativ
e) d
evel
opm
ent,
lead
ing
to
sust
aine
d so
cial
-eco
nom
ic d
evel
opm
ent
No
miti
gatio
n m
easu
res
nece
ssar
y
Res
ettle
men
t and
re
loca
tion
actio
n pl
an
Com
mun
ity
Sust
aina
ble
Dev
elop
men
t Pla
n
Economy
15
Incr
ease
in fi
scal
reso
urce
s av
aila
ble
to lo
cal G
over
nmen
ts
via
taxe
s
Incr
ease
d bu
dget
of l
ocal
gov
ernm
ents
, im
prov
ed a
bilit
y to
dev
elop
loca
l civ
ic
serv
ices
: edu
catio
n, h
ealth
, tra
nspo
rt, e
tc.
Cap
acity
bui
ldin
g to
enh
ance
loca
l gov
ernm
ents
’ cap
acity
to a
dequ
atel
y pl
an a
nd d
isbu
rse
incr
ease
d re
sour
ces
Com
mun
ity
Sust
aina
ble
Dev
elop
men
t Pla
n
S. C
. Roş
ia M
onta
nă G
old
Cor
pora
tion
S.A
. - R
epor
t on
Env
ironm
enta
l Im
pact
Ass
essm
ent S
tudy
C
hapt
er 4
.8 T
he S
ocia
l and
Eco
nom
ic E
nviro
nmen
t of R
oşia
Mon
tană
S
ectio
n 1:
Pot
entia
l Im
pact
s –
Ove
rvie
w
Pag
e 8
of 5
2
Topi
c #
Act
ion
/ act
ivity
Po
tent
ial i
mpa
ct
Prev
entio
n / M
itiga
tion
mea
sure
s
App
licab
le
man
agem
ent p
lans
16
Incr
ease
in fi
scal
reso
urce
s av
aila
ble
to c
entra
l G
over
nmen
t via
taxe
s &
roya
lties
Con
tribu
tion
to n
atio
nal d
evel
opm
ent b
y in
crea
sed
inco
me
avai
labl
e.
No
miti
gatio
n ne
cess
ary
17
Ris
k th
at ta
xes
and
reve
nues
ar
e no
t prim
arily
use
d fo
r loc
al
deve
lopm
ent
Con
tribu
tion
to c
entra
l gov
ernm
ent u
nlik
ely
to b
e ea
rmar
ked
for l
ocal
dev
elop
men
t. C
hanc
e th
at p
riorit
ies
of lo
cal g
over
nmen
t do
not
refle
ct s
peci
fic p
opul
atio
n-re
late
d ne
eds
and
wan
ts
Wor
k in
coo
pera
tion
with
loca
l aut
horit
ies
on p
roje
cts
of b
enef
it to
loca
l co
mm
uniti
es &
regi
on. R
MG
C to
co-
finan
ce a
spec
ts o
f pro
ject
de
velo
pmen
t / im
plem
enta
tion.
18
Ris
ks re
late
d w
ith p
oten
tial
non
equi
tabl
e di
strib
utio
n of
Pr
ojec
t ben
efits
thro
ugho
ut
com
mun
ity
Elde
rly, o
lder
wor
kers
bei
ng u
nabl
e to
m
aint
ain
empl
oym
ent a
fter M
inve
st c
lose
s do
wn
the
Ros
iam
in o
pera
tion,
di
sadv
anta
ged
peop
le la
ckin
g ca
paci
ty
(inte
llect
ual,
educ
atio
nal,
phys
ical
) to
expl
oit
new
opp
ortu
nitie
s
Iden
tific
atio
n of
spe
cific
indi
vidu
als
at ri
sk. W
ith lo
cal a
utho
ritie
s id
entif
y em
ploy
men
t opp
ortu
nitie
s, w
hat (
re-tr
aini
ng is
requ
ired,
ass
ist i
n re
train
ing,
etc
19
Incr
ease
d di
rect
& in
dire
ct
empl
oym
ent
Flow
on
effe
cts
of p
rese
nce
of m
ajor
ec
onom
ic in
vest
men
t thr
ough
out
com
mun
ity, t
o na
tiona
l lev
el. 1
:4
dire
ct/in
dire
ct e
mpl
oym
ent;
job
crea
tion.
20
Incr
ease
d in
com
e
In c
ompa
rison
to a
‘no-
min
e’ s
cena
rio,
inco
mes
will
rise
in re
gion
No
miti
gatio
n ne
cess
ary
21
Loss
of t
rain
ed s
taff
from
oth
er
orga
niza
tions
& b
usin
esse
s to
R
MG
C
Cap
acity
dra
in to
fill
high
er-p
ayin
g/be
tter
bene
fits
posi
tion
with
RM
GC
. Red
uced
ca
paci
ty a
vaila
ble
to o
ther
bus
ines
ses
Dem
and
for l
abou
r will
driv
e hi
gher
sal
arie
s &
bette
r con
ditio
ns
incr
easi
ng o
vera
ll ca
paci
ty in
regi
on b
y en
cour
agin
g su
itabl
y qu
alifi
ed
wor
kers
to th
e re
gion
. Sk
ills e
nhan
cem
ent,
adul
t edu
catio
n &
voca
tiona
l tra
inin
g to
be
cond
ucte
d by
RM
GC
sup
porte
d in
itiat
ives
lead
ing
to in
crea
sed
capa
city
le
vel
22
Incr
ease
d in
com
e fo
r tho
se
enga
ged
in s
mal
l bus
ines
s
Req
uire
men
ts o
f sup
ply
of a
div
erse
rang
e of
ser
vice
s, m
ater
ials
& p
rodu
cts
for t
he
RM
P dr
ive
dem
and
for s
ourc
ing
serv
ices
, et
c, lo
cally
, lea
ding
to in
crea
se in
com
e to
lo
cal b
usin
esse
s. A
lso
prov
ides
ince
ntiv
e to
de
velo
p lo
cal b
usin
esse
s to
sup
ply
RM
P &
rela
ted/
spin
off
dem
and.
No
miti
gatio
n ne
cess
ary
Com
mun
ity
Sust
aina
ble
Dev
elop
men
t Pla
n
23
Dis
rupt
ion
to b
usin
esse
s lo
cate
d in
the
Proj
ect-
Impa
cted
Are
a
Tem
pora
ry to
per
man
ent l
oss
of b
usin
ess
reve
nue.
Los
s of
inco
me
and
occu
patio
n to
bu
sine
ss p
eopl
e.
(Bus
ines
s) re
settl
emen
t / re
-est
ablis
hmen
t ass
ista
nce
to a
ffect
ed
busi
ness
es. C
ompe
nsat
ion
for l
oss
of b
usin
ess.
Ski
lls e
nhan
cem
ent,
adul
t edu
catio
n &
voca
tiona
l tra
inin
g av
aila
ble
for a
ffect
ed b
usin
ess
aidi
ng in
re-e
stab
lishi
ng b
usin
esse
s.
RR
AP
Com
mun
ity
Sust
aina
ble
Dev
elop
men
t Pla
n
S. C
. Roş
ia M
onta
nă G
old
Cor
pora
tion
S.A
. - R
epor
t on
Env
ironm
enta
l Im
pact
Ass
essm
ent S
tudy
C
hapt
er 4
.8 T
he S
ocia
l and
Eco
nom
ic E
nviro
nmen
t of R
oşia
Mon
tană
S
ectio
n 1:
Pot
entia
l Im
pact
s –
Ove
rvie
w
Pag
e 9
of 5
2
Topi
c #
Act
ion
/ act
ivity
Po
tent
ial i
mpa
ct
Prev
entio
n / M
itiga
tion
mea
sure
s
App
licab
le
man
agem
ent p
lans
24
Incr
ease
d vi
sibi
lity
of
Com
mun
ity a
nd re
gion
for
othe
r inv
estm
ents
(i.e
. reg
iona
l de
velo
pmen
t)
Incr
ease
in c
onfid
ence
for F
orei
gn D
irect
In
vest
men
t loc
ally
in R
osia
Mon
tana
, na
tiona
lly b
ased
on
conf
irmat
ion
maj
or
busi
ness
inve
stm
ent i
s po
ssib
le, t
o re
gion
al
incl
udin
g ne
ighb
ourin
g co
untri
es.
25
Trai
ned
labo
ur fo
rce
Skill
ed, m
ulti-
disc
iplin
ary
labo
ur fo
rce
follo
win
g ca
paci
ty b
uild
ing
and
expe
rienc
e re
quire
d to
wor
k in
the
min
e an
d an
cilla
ry
indu
strie
s
No
miti
gatio
n ne
cess
ary
28
Infla
tion
& ris
e in
cos
t of l
ivin
g C
ause
d by
ove
rall
incr
ease
in e
cono
mic
ac
tivity
& w
ealth
of r
egio
n. P
oten
tially
de
trim
enta
l to
the
poor
est i
n th
e co
mm
unity
Wor
kers
’ Acc
omm
odat
ion
Polic
y ai
med
to re
duce
impa
cts
by e
mpl
oyin
g lo
cals
, inc
reas
ing
rate
of e
mpl
oym
ent;
acco
mm
odat
ion
to b
e sp
read
th
roug
hout
com
mun
ity; s
peci
fic a
ctio
ns to
ass
ist p
oore
st &
mos
t vu
lner
able
in th
e co
mm
unity
to o
ffset
affe
cts
of in
flatio
n.
Incr
ease
in lo
cal e
cono
mic
act
ivity
follo
win
g co
mm
ence
men
t of c
onst
ruct
ion,
the
mos
t ac
tive
phas
e, in
clud
ing
empl
oym
ent
29
Con
stru
ctio
n pe
riod
– a
shor
t pe
riod
of re
lativ
ely
mor
e in
tens
e ac
tivity
C
ontra
ctio
n of
loca
l eco
nom
ic a
ctiv
ity a
t the
en
d of
con
stru
ctio
n, in
clud
ing
retre
nchm
ents
Loca
l pro
cure
men
t pol
icy:
pro
cure
men
t of s
ervi
ces,
sup
plie
s an
d co
nstru
ctio
n w
orks
from
loca
l sup
plie
rs a
nd s
ub-c
ontra
ctor
s w
ill be
m
axim
ized
Lo
cal P
rocu
rem
ent P
olic
y in
tend
ing
at e
nhan
cing
cap
aciti
es o
f loc
al
smal
l bus
ines
ses
The
CSD
P in
clud
es s
mal
l bus
ines
s de
velo
pmen
t mea
sure
s to
enh
ance
th
e bu
sine
ss e
nviro
nmen
t in
a lo
ng te
rm p
ersp
ectiv
e, a
nd a
llevi
ate
the
pote
ntia
l im
pact
s of
the
depr
essi
on re
sulti
ng fr
om th
e en
d of
the
cons
truct
ion
phas
e
30
Econ
omic
risk
s re
late
d w
ith
even
tual
min
e cl
osur
e
Inap
prop
riate
or i
nsuf
ficie
nt p
lann
ing
& pr
epar
atio
n fo
r alte
rnat
ive
sust
aina
ble
econ
omic
act
iviti
es d
urin
g m
ine
life
lead
s to
si
gnifi
cant
eco
nom
ic im
pact
s fo
llow
ing
min
e cl
osur
e.
Dev
elop
men
t of a
rang
e of
mea
sure
s &
initi
ativ
es o
ver t
he li
fesp
an o
f R
MP
such
that
net
wel
fare
con
tinue
s to
incr
ease
follo
win
g cl
osur
e of
m
ine
oper
atio
ns.
Com
mun
ity
Sust
aina
ble
Dev
elop
men
t Pla
n
31
Incr
ease
d tra
ffic,
par
ticul
arly
at
cons
truct
ion
phas
e
Sign
ifica
nt v
olum
es o
f tra
ffic,
par
ticul
arly
la
rge
mac
hine
ry, i
ncre
ases
risk
s to
peo
ple.
R
isk
mos
t acu
te fo
r non
dis
plac
ed p
eopl
e,
pede
stria
ns, c
yclis
ts, y
oung
and
the
very
ol
d.
Wor
kers
Cod
e of
Con
duct
, spe
ed li
mits
, phy
sica
l mea
sure
s, a
nd s
afet
y aw
aren
ess
in lo
cal s
choo
ls
Community safety
32
Min
e co
nstru
ctio
n an
d op
erat
ion
Sign
ifica
nt in
dust
rial o
pera
tions
, suc
h as
a
min
e, c
reat
es n
ew s
afet
y ha
zard
s fo
r co
mm
uniti
es p
artic
ular
ly to
non
-dis
plac
ed
peop
le.
Fenc
ing
of a
ll w
ork
site
s. S
ecur
ity s
ervi
ces
to a
void
third
-par
ty in
trusi
on.
Safe
ty a
war
enes
s
Hea
lth a
nd s
afet
y pl
an
Community amenity33
N
oise
from
incr
ease
d tra
ffic
espe
cial
ly d
urin
g co
nstru
ctio
n
Incr
ease
d le
vels
of n
oise
will
be
expe
rienc
ed a
s a
resu
lt of
traf
fic to
and
from
th
e si
te, i
n ad
ditio
n to
noi
se fr
om th
e si
te
itsel
f
Effic
ient
sile
ncin
g of
veh
icle
eng
ines
and
ope
ratio
n of
pla
nt w
ithin
the
appr
oved
des
ign
para
met
ers;
adh
eren
ce to
agr
eed
rout
es a
nd ti
min
g of
de
liver
ies.
Noi
se a
nd v
ibra
tion
man
agem
ent p
lan
S. C
. Roş
ia M
onta
nă G
old
Cor
pora
tion
S.A
. - R
epor
t on
Env
ironm
enta
l Im
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Section 2: Methods to Assess and Predict the Impacts on the Socio-Economic Environment
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2 Methods to Assess and Predict the Impacts on the Socio-Economic Environment
2.1 Establishment of the Baseline Situation
The Project organized several campaigns aimed at gathering social and economic baseline information on the affected population:
Physical and cadastral survey of buildings, land, and census of affected households (first round of field work in 2000 by Strajan Planning Office (SPO), updated in 2002 by RMGC);
Household socio-economic surveys carried out in 2002 by RMGC, including the
administration of a questionnaire to 247 households representing about 25% of affected households, and the use of qualitative instruments including focus group discussions and key leader surveys;
Qualitative socio-economic surveys done in late 2002 by the Research Institute on
Quality of Life ICCV (1) for RMGC, including the administration of a detailed questionnaire on livelihoods, incomes, and household expenses to 30 potentially affected households, and Focus Group Discussions in localities around the Project;
Survey of potentially affected businesses, carried out in 2002.
Qualitative Survey regarding the attitude of population directly affected by the
Project; carried out in October 2004 by TNS/CSOP.
Comprehensive baseline survey of the health condition and risks in Roşia Montană. The following table presents the summary description of each of these campaigns. Table 2-1. Socio-Economic Baseline Surveys
Study Period Issuer Objectives Instruments
Physical & cadastral survey – Census of affected household
2002
SPO (Strajan Planning Office) then RMGC (internal)
Establish a baseline of physical assets, prepare cadastral map, identify ownership, ascertain eligibility
Topographic survey of affected plots, census of household members
Socio-economic survey Mid-2002 RMGC (internal)
Establish a socio-economic baseline in view of the development of the first version of the RRAP
Questionnaire (see hereunder) administered to a stratified sample of 247 households Key-informant surveys
Detailed survey on livelihoods Focus groups on expectations vis-à-vis RMGC’s project
End 2002 ICCV (external)
Obtain detailed information about income streams, survival strategies
Detailed questionnaire administered to 30 households Focus group discussions
1 Institutul de Cercetare a Calitatii Vietii (ICCV), a public Romanian research institute linked to the University of Bucharest.
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Study Period Issuer Objectives Instruments
Qualitative analysis of local stakeholders’ perception regarding the project
September-October 2004
TNS/CSOP
Obtain the information about the perceptions and expectations of stakeholders from affected areas regarding the PUZ
Interviews of 456 household heads who could be resettlers or re-allocatees; 331 household heads from Abrud and 317 from Rosia Montana comuna
Health Baseline Study 2005
Environmental Health Centre, Cluj Napoca, Romania
To determine the overall health baseline in Roşia Montană, and compare it to other areas
Interviews with health workers in the region, review of health statistical data
2.2 Prediction and Assessment of Impacts – Design of Impact Prevention / Mitigation Measures
To define the socio-economic circumstances of Roşia Montană and surrounding areas investigations included the following:
The local context of Rosia Montana and surrounding areas such as the current sources of livelihoods, demographics, the present mining operations and plans concerning them, present economic activities, and present investment inflows, as well as the social and political / administrative organization, the status of civil society, etc.
Available best practice documentation in relation with social impact assessments and
resettlement planning, particularly that issued by the World Bank Group. The information obtained was then used to predict the socio-economic impacts of the RMP. As well to assess the significance of the impacts and to design appropriate methods for avoidance or mitigation of negative impacts and enhancement of the positive impacts. A complexity regarding the RMP and assessment of the socio-economic impacts (both negative and positive) and mitigation strategies is that:
There is no precedent in Romania for a major extractive project implemented in conformance with Romanian regulations and transposed EU legislation and standards;
There is no precedent in Romania for a major extractive project implemented in conformance with International Finance Institutions’ and the Equator Principles’ requirements.
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Section 3: Legislative Context
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3 Legislative Context The Romanian legislation conforms with the EU legislation and the WB guidelines and supporting documents. In October 2002 the IFC convened a meeting of banks in London to discuss environmental and social issues in project finance. As a result the banks present decided to develop a banking industry framework for addressing environmental and social risks in project financing. The Equator Principles2 are the result. The Equator Principles are directly linked to various WBG/IFC Guidelines and Safeguard Policies. Therefore in complying with the Equator Principles an investor complies with the relevant WBG/IFC Guidelines and Safeguard Polices. Both Romanian and European Union legislation are in general more stringent than the Equator Principles and are more important for the project in terms of its technical and social impact and its mitigation / prevention measures. Romanian EIA legislation addresses socio-economic issues. Ministerial Order nr. 863/2002.09.28 of the Ministry for Water and Environmental Protection concerning the approval of the methodological guide of procedures for the evaluation stages of the environmental impact assessment, includes requirements concerning the content of the socio-economic baseline to be presented in an EIA, including the potential impacts of the project/proposed activity on:
The demographic/local population characteristics;
The local economical conditions, labour market, unemployment dynamics;
The living conditions in the zone. Law no.350/2001 for Urban and Territorial Planning establishes the goals, competences and measures concerning urban and spatial planning with the aim of ensuring the fair and sustainable development of human settlements and the national territory, the protection of the environment and increasing the quality of human life. This law is applicable to governmental authorities. Under the Aarhus Convention on access to information, public participation in decision-making and access to justice in environmental matters which Romania has ratified by Law no.86/2000, the right for public participation is backed by law. A key provision of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment process in Romania is to enable stakeholders to participate in environmental decision-making associated with projects subject to a review process. The most significant socio-economic issues that result from the Project are direct impacts related to the resettlement of local residents. Involuntary resettlement is not specifically addressed by the Romanian legislation. However, various provisions of the Romanian law are relevant to RMGC’s Resettlement and Relocation Action Plan, such as:
acquisition of land for mining,
expropriation for public interest,
guidelines for compensation,
land tenures regimes, land titles, and real estate transactions, 2 http://www.equator-principles.com/principles.shtml
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urban planning and zoning,
permitting processes for urban developments, construction and demolition,
resettlement of graveyards and churches,
residential requirements. These provisions are summarized and analyzed in the Resettlement and Relocation Action Plan.
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4 Overview of the Baseline Socio-Economic Conditions 4.1 General Outlines
The main socio-economic characteristics of the Project area can be summarized as follows: The population is ageing and decreasing at Community and regional level;
Out-migration of job seekers and young, capable people are in part responsible for the ageing population;
Massive mining redundancies have had a significant negative impact on the Community;
Health risk is high and attendance at schools is in decline in the Community, and related infrastructure is low;
The mining sector remains the main source of employment;
The two existing state-operated mining operations are planned to close in 2007;
More than 50% of the people in the Community receive government support;
The proportion of income earners in the population below the poverty line in the Community is high;
Investment inflows are low, except in mining;
The condition of infrastructure – roads, water supply, waste, energy - and housing in the Community is very poor;
The environmental condition is very poor with significant pollution and ongoing environmental risks and impacts.
4.2 Geographical and Administrative Situation
The Project is situated near the village of Roşia Montană, approximately 50 km northwest of Alba Iulia the regional capital, and 65 km north-northeast of the city of Deva. The project is located in a region known as the Golden Quadrilateral in the Metaliferi Mountains, which belongs to a larger, regional mountain unit, called the Apuseni Mountains of Transylvania. Romania has been subdivided into seven development regions, each including several “judetul” or counties. Alba county is part of the “Centre” Region, which also includes Brasov, Covasna, Harghita, Mures and Sibiu counties. Roşia Montană is located in the Centre Region. This is explained further in section 5.2. The Project area includes three different administrative entities, all contained within Judet Alba (Alba county):
The Comuna (rural commune) of Roşia Montană, which has a surface of approximately 42 km2, and includes 16 localities in total with a combined population of 3,865 people according to the 2002 census. The largest village in the comuna is Roşia Montană.
The Orasul (urban commune) of Abrud, which includes, in addition to the town of
Abrud, three more villages: Abrud Sat, Gura Cornei and Soharu, and contains a total population of 6,213 inhabitants (2002).
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The Orasul of Câmpeni, which includes the city of Câmpeni and 21 villages, with a total population of 8,096 inhabitants (2002 population census).
The location of human settlements in the area results from a combination of factors, mainly access to agricultural land, water, and mineable resources. Settlements concentrate in the three valleys of Roşia Montană, Corna and Abrud - Câmpeni.
4.3 Characteristics of the population in the impact zone
History
The history of Roşia Montană is closely related to gold, with a documented history of mining of almost 2000 years dating back to the Roman conquest of Dacia and the creation of a network of galleries in the hills behind Roşia Montană, then called Alburnus Maior. The progression of mining technology from that age to the present represents a valuable chronology of industrial mining heritage, in particular the role that it has played in the formation of Roşia Montană’s cultural heritage.
Ethnic characteristics and Religion
The diverse ethnic groups who have in-migrated to partake in the gold resource exploitation of Roşia Montană have had good relations and no ethnic separation has occurred. According to the Alba County statistical department about 90% of the population regard themselves as ethnic Romanian, 1.4% as Hungarians and 7.5% Rroma. Most Rroma reside in a locality called Dăroaia next to Gura Roşiei in the Abrud valley. In comparison with the national level and county average, the community average of Rroma people are higher; see table below: Table 4-1. Ethnic distribution of population
Ethnic distribution of population in Romania and Alba county in 2002 In Roşia Montană, 2005
The difference from 100% regards other ethnic groups
Romanian (%) Hungarians (%) Rroma (%) Romania1 89.5 6.6 2.5 Alba county1 90.4 5.4 3.8 Roşia Montană2 90.1 1.4 7.5 1] Source: National Statistical Yearbook, 2003 2] Source: Alba County Statistic Department, 2006.
While there is a majority of Romanian Orthodox Christians as in the rest of Romania, several other Christian denominations are also present: Greek Catholics, Roman Catholics, Protestants, Unitarian Christians, Baptists, and Pentecostals.
Demographical profile
The population is ageing and decreasing in the Community with an average annual decrease of 0.8% per annum. Massive mining redundancies are in part responsible, plus low birth rate and out-migration. This trend is observable in Roşia Montană, Abrud and Câmpeni, indicative of a regional trend.
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Figure 4.1. Community population dynamic Source: Alba County Statistic Department This negative demographic trend at the community level can be explained by several factors:
General regional rural depopulation trend since 1990;
Restructuring of the mining sector including mass-redundancies in the Community and the region;
Depressed socio-economic conditions following the end of communism. (Elderly) Women predominate in the Community, averaging 58% in Rosia Montana, 44% in Abrud and 72% in Câmpeni of the total adult population. Young active people are leaving the Community in search of improved employment opportunities and better living conditions, such as in: Alba Iulia, Arad, Oradea, Timişoara, Cluj Napoca, Deva. Limited opportunities in agriculture also impact, causing people (again mostly young) to migrate to urban areas. The population graphs on the following page show trends as well as gender and age.
0 2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Rosia Montana populationAbrud populationCampeni population
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Figure 4.2. Community population dynamic and trends
Graphic: Gender Distribution of adult population in Campeni Source: Alba County Statistic Department
Graphic: Gender Distribution of adult population in Abrud Source: Alba County Statistic Department
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
1997 1998 1999 200 2001 2002 2003 2004
Rosia Montana Population
Total Population RM
men
w omen
children
Graphic: Gender Distribution of adult population in Rosia Montana Source: Alba County Statistic Department
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
1997 1998 1999 200 2001 2002 2003 2004
Abrud Population Structure
Total Population Abrud
men
w omen
children
0
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9000
1997 1999 2001 2003
Campeni Population Structure
Total Population Campeni
men
w omen
children
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Figure 4.3. Roşia Montană age pyramidThe largest population groups are elderly widows, and married men (2002 RMGC survey). The gender distribution of household-heads are 25% female & 75% male. Female household heads are predominantly widows, while married male household heads are about 80% (2002 RMGC socio-economic survey).
Figure 4.4. Marital status of household heads
As shown by the graph opposite, female household heads are predominantly widows, while the proportion of married male household heads is about 80%. Source: Planning alliance survey 2002 for RMGC
Figure 4.5. Household by number of members
According to the 2002 Romanian National census, the average household size for the comuna of Roşia Montană is 2.83 individuals per household (Romania: 2.89) Over the 247 households that have been surveyed by RMGC in 2002, the average number of individuals per household is 3.06, with the following distribution (see graph on the right):
Age Pyramid80 and more
70-7960-69
50-5940-4930-3920-29
10-190-9
0,10 0,05 0,00 0,05 0,10
MaleFemale
Graphic: Age pyramid of adult population in Rosia Montana Source: Planning alliance survey 2002 for RMGC
1 member19%
3 members 25%
4 members19%
2 members22%
6 and more 6%
5 members9%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Female Male
Widower
Divorced/Separated
Married
Single
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Figure 4.6. Education trends in the Community
In keeping with regional trends concerning population decline, out-migration of young people and an increasing proportion of elderly people, there is a distinct decline in the Community in school numbers (see graphs for Abrud and Roşia Montană Education). Equipment in the schools is dated, in poor condition and local authorities have limited budget to improve conditions. The number of education professionals in the Community is also in decline.
Figure 4.7. Education level by age in Roşia Montană
The education status of 601 adults has been investigated during the survey on 247 households carried out in 2002 by RMGC. The results are presented by age category (see graph opposite) and show clearly that the younger residents have a much higher educational level.
Source: Both charts - Alba Iulia statistical department,
Abrud - Education
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Abrud kindergarten
Abrud school
Abrud art andvocational school
Abrud high school
Rosia Montana - Education
0
50
100
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200
250
300
350
400
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500
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
RM kindergartenRM school
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
18-25 26-59 60+
UniversityVocationalHigh SchoolPrimary SchoolNone
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4.4 Local economical conditions and labour market
Employment and unemployment dynamics
Roşia Montană has pre-modern industrial activities in a rural setting, and as a result livelihoods are derived from jobs in the mining sector or pensions, and from some small scale agricultural activities. Occupations in the mining sector are essential in global terms. Subsistence-oriented agricultural activities are critical as a “safety net” to the poorest in the community, predominantly female pensioners. They do not frequently take part in cash transactions and consequently are not engaged in the cash economy. Concerning contribution to the economy, a population can be broken down into two groups, as defined in the table below. Table 4-2. Description of population types in the Community Population
type Description
Active Population3
People or group of people who contribute to the registered economy. They may be employed, pay taxes, receive unemployment or other employment-related benefits. They are officially registered by various government agencies and play a role in the official/cash economy
Inactive Population4
People or group of people who are not contributing directly to the registered economy. They are not registered as unemployed, do not have official employment, do not pay tax, do not receive unemployment benefits, may receive pensions or sickness-benefits, and may be involved in unregistered economic activity
The percentages of the active and inactive populations in the Community are given in the table below: Table 4-3. Percentage of active/non-active population in the Community 3 Definition: Economically active population comprises all persons of either sex who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods and services as defined by the United Nations System of National Accounts during a specified time-reference period. Source Publication: International Labour Organization (ILO) Resolutions Concerning Economically Active Population, Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment Adopted by the 13th International Conference of Labour Statisticians, October 1982, para. 5. 4 Definition: The economically inactive population comprises all persons who were neither "employed" nor "unemployed" during the short reference period used to measure "current activity". This population is split into four groups: - Attendant at educational institutions; - Retired; - Engaged in family duties; - Other economically inactive. Source Publication: Eurostat, 1999, Guidelines and table programme for the Community programme of population and housing censuses in 2001, Vol. 1: Guidelines, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg.
Roşia Montană Abrud Campeni In % of total population Active 39 42 44Inactive 61 58 56Ref: Alba County statistical department 2006
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Roşia Montană Employment Dynamic
Figure 4.8. Community employment dynamic
Mining is the predominant source of employment in Roşia Montană and Abrud. Despite the decline in population, the percentage of the population employed has increased (decreasing unemployment, see graph top left). This is specifically related to the activities and presence of RMGC. The two state owned mining companies Rosiamin in Roşia Montană and Cuprumin in Abrud remain the main sources of income for those localities, with 1002 and 1286 employees respectively in 2004. RMGC employs locally an average of 450 people per year including casual, temporary, part and full time employees. Source for information in graphs except the bottom one: Alba Iulia Statistical Department, 2005.
ROSIA MONTANA POPULATION & EMPLOYMENT DINAMIC
0500
100015002000
25003000350040004500
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Total Population
Total EmploymentFrom which in Mining
Rosia Montana - Employment Structure
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Mining
Construction
Commerce
Education
Medical assistance
Campeni - Employment Structure
0200400600800
100012001400160018002000
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Processing
Construction
Commerce
Education
Medical assistance
Transportation
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
employees
2002 2003 2004 2005
years
Communittee's Employees with RMGC
RM
Abrud
Campeni
alte loc
Source: RMGC’s employment records
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Figure 4.9. Roşia Montană definition of population and trends
The percentage of vulnerable people (unemployed, elderly, handicapped people) is consistently higher than employed one, but in 2004 the gap is less notable, possibly reflecting increased employment in RMGC.
Economic activities
Industry Figure 4.10. Roşia Montană income source
Mining is the predominant industry in Roşia Montană and Abrud. Campeni has several small companies active in textile, furniture, timber, reflecting a more diversified economic base. Both Abrud and Campeni have increased public services (transport, commerce, juridical assistance, post, telephones) due to increased demand created by RMGC in the area. RMGC provides significant income to the Rosia Montana Town Hall (Mayor’s office), as foreign investment to the Community, demonstrated in the graph Dynamic of Roşia Montană Town Hall Income (see graph left).
SECTORIAL CONTRIBUTION TO ROSIA MONTANA POPULATION'S CASH INCOME IN 2004
66%
26%
3% 3% 2%
Extractive Industry RMGC Commerce Education Other inclusiv agriculture
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
RON
1997 1999 2001 2003 2005
Years
Dynamic of Rosia Montana Town Hall Income
RM
Source: Rosia Montana Town Hall records.
Source: Alba Iulia statistical department, 2005
Rosia Montana
0
500
1000
1500
20002500
3000
3500
4000
4500
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Rosia Montana population
unemployed, old, handicapedetc.employed
adulte population
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During the pre-construction phase RMGC has stimulated the development of local businesses from Rosia Montana, Abrud, Campeni, spending ROL 101.3 bil. in 2003 and ROL 124.4 bil. in 2004, see charts and table below.
Figure 4.11. Procurement dynamics of Roşia Montană Gold Corporation in the Community
Benefits of this include: increased employment; increased household income; improved supply of goods and food in the markets; increased in hospitality industries; and increased public accommodation services and spending. These activities increase revenue available to local government budgets and stimulate economic development in the region.
Table 4-4. Value of procurement to Roşia Montană Gold Corporation
Expenses of Roşia Montană Gold Corporation In percentages Suppliers / Destinations
2003 2004 Construction companies 17.1 11.5 Office supplies 7.7 7.8 Building materials 13.6 16.3 Local services 40.3 21.7 Tax / fees 12.4 25.9 Catering 3.5 3.4 Fuel suppliers 1.3 1.1 Cars and office maintenance 1.5 5.6 Total value, in Lei 101.3 billion 124.4 billion
Counties supplying qualified services - 2004
21%
70%
7% 1% 1%
Bucharest Alba Hunedoara Sibiu Other
Expenses - 2004
22%
7% 3%
16% 1% 25%
12%6% 8%
Local services Wood for heating Catering Building materials
Fuel Tax / Fees Constructions Maintenance Office suppliers
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Agriculture
Figure 4.12. Agricultural characteristics of Roşia Montană
Crop production in Roşia Montană is mainly subsistence with little produce sold. The main crops are fruit trees, including walnut trees (85% of all households) and animal forage (49% of all households). Agriculture is small scale potato growing, pasture and hayland. Land suitable for small scale agriculture (potatoes and vegetables) is low, some 7% in Rosia Montana, 6% in Abrud and 7% in Câmpeni. Access for farm machinery is severely limited due to the terrain and most work is done by hand with transport by horse drawn cart. No synthetic fertilizers or sprays are used, largely due to the impracticality of their application. The share of agricultural land from the total surface area is lower in Alba county and the Center Region 7 than the national level. The situation is different regarding the proportion of forest of the total surface (see graphs left). Pastures and hay fields are better represented in the county and Center Region in comparison with the national level. The proportion of the private sector in the agricultural sector is high (96.3% in Romania, 98.7% in Alba county, in 2002) and increased in the last years (National Human Development Report, 2004)
Rosia Montana Agriculture Area
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
arabila
pastrie
hayland
forests
rest
2004
2002
1997
Rosia Montana Agriculture
7%
23%
26%
32%
12% arabila
pastrie
hayland
forests
rest
0
20
40
60
80
%
A gric ultural s ur fac e Fores ts
Na tura l re source s in 2002
Romania Center Region A lba
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Romania
Center Region
Alba
Proportion within the arable surface, 2002
Arable surface Pastures and hay f ields veniyards and orchards
Source: Both charts - Alba Iulia statistical department,
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99% of households use wood for heating, and about 60% for cooking. Repeated harvesting of immature forest damages the resource and causes environmental problems Small agricultural fields are used mainly for grazing and hay production. Much of the area is unsuitable for agricultural production but is suited to animal husbandry and forestry/wood. Tourism The tourist season in Roşia Montană runs from May through to September. Apart from a number of small convenience shops (9) and bars (5) there is no tourist-related infrastructure available in Roşia Montană, such as cafes, restaurants, supermarkets, hotels, pensions, hire car facilities, petrol stations, entertainment providers, or activities and services. There is a mining museum and an initiative concerning walking tours. Investments Roşia Montană area is a disadvantaged zone. Investments in the area are concentrated in Campeni, whereas in Roşia Montană there is lack of investment inflows except in mining. The table below describes the principle reasons why investment in Roşia Montană is low: Table 4-5. Main investment disincentives concerning Roşia Montană
Category Description Demographic Aging population dominated by elderly women Financial Significant poverty & lack financial capacity to develop businesses Skills Population skills set dominated by mining and subsistence agriculture Isolation Roşia Montană is relatively remote, situated in a small valley at the end of a road
Infrastructure Utility & transport infrastructure are poorly developed and/or in poor condition; the condition of buildings is generally poor
Environment Roşia Montană’s environment suffers from considerable historical mining impacts Development costs
Costs, including environmental, infrastructure, buildings, etc, are high, in particular to deal with existing pollution legacies
Other centres Other centres, both urban and rural are better positioned regarding the above issues and (would) attract investments over Roşia Montană, such as Campeni
Applicable development funding which Roşia Montană may benefit from comes from the Romanian government, the EU and the World Bank. However, Romanian government, EU and World Bank development priorities do not favor nor particularly support socio-economic development in Roşia Montană. Principal reasons are as follows:
World Bank funding are designed to close unprofitable mines, reduce government direct involvement in mining activities, provide only a limited duration of social support. Additionally their policy is to seek private investors for potentially profitable operations;
Romanian government development priorities do not include Roşia Montană;
Government, EU and the World Bank would prefer private sector investment to address development in Roşia Montană based on the presence of an economically viable mineral resource in Roşia Montană.
Land prices in Roşia Montană
Land and property prices in Rosia Montana have increased since RMGC commenced exploration and development activities. Changes to land and property prices have been driven by the need for RMGC to gain surface rights. This differs from property prices driven by general consumer demand based on the subjective desire to live in one place with respect to another. The Resettlement and Relocation Action Plan (RRAP) describes in detail changes to land and property prices due to RMGC’s surface rights acquisition program.
Since land prices are heavily influenced by RMGC’s program, changes to land prices are not an effective indicator concerning the socio-economic condition of Rosia Montana.
S. C. Roşia Montană Gold Corporation S.A. - Report on Environmental Impact Assessment Study Chapter 4.8 The Social and Economic Environment of Roşia Montană
Section 4: Overview of the Baseline Socio-Economic Conditions
Page 27 of 52
4.5 Living conditions in the area
Environmentally the area is of low conservation value – water resources (streams, etc) are, by and large, polluted, habitats fragmented, landscape scarred, and on-going anthropogenic impacts occur. Environmental management systems (waste, wastewater, water) are still very weak, poorly developed and sometimes even non-existent5. All these affect the living conditions of the population in the Roşia Montană area. Home ownership Figure 4.13. Community home ownership trends 5 Socio-economic survey, 2002.
Home ownership is a proxy indicator of the wealth of an area (urban, inner city, suburban, rural, town, etc) as well as population dynamic – whether an area has a growing population or a declining one. Between 1997 and 2004, the number of owned dwellings in Rosia Montana decreased by 0.83% overall. Home ownership rose between 1997 to 1999 following RMGC commencing exploratory activities. A significant drop in ownership occurred between 2003 and 2004 as a consequence of RMGC’s property acquisition program (See RRAP). However, in Abrud the decrease in ownership was even more severe at some 5.58% . RMGC has no property acquisition program in Abrud. The decline is due out-migration following economic depression and large-scale mining redundancies particularly affecting Abrud. In Campeni the number of dwellings has steadily increased over the same period. This is most likely because Campeni has a more stable labor market in processing, transportation, education, and public services and which supports a more stable population. See graphs at left. Source of information is the: Alba County Statistic Department)
Source: All charts - Alba Iulia statistical department, 2005
1535
1540
1545
1550
1555
1560
1565
1570
1575
1580
1585
Number of dw ellings
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Years
Dwellings in Rosia Montana
Locuinte existente - total -numar RM
2400
2450
2500
2550
2600
2650
2700
Number of dwellings
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Year
Dwellings in Abrud
Locuinte existente - total -numar Abrud
2840
2860
2880
2900
2920
2940
2960
Number of dwellings
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Years
Dwellings in Campeni
Locuinte existente - total -numar Campeni
S. C. Roşia Montană Gold Corporation S.A. - Report on Environmental Impact Assessment Study Chapter 4.8 The Social and Economic Environment of Roşia Montană
Section 4: Overview of the Baseline Socio-Economic Conditions
Page 28 of 52
Dwellings – living conditions Figure 4.14. Community living conditions in homes
Current living conditions in the Community are far below EU standards. Basic services such as potable water supply, waste water collection & treatment, reliable energy supply, waste collection and treatment are all poorly developed, if at all, especially in Roşia Montană & Abrud, though less in Câmpeni. Very few households have an inside bathroom and toilet. Electricity is present almost 100% but inhabitants cannot afford to use it for heating. Even in Abrud and Câmpeni, the vast majority of the population use wood for heating, even in the apartment blocks. In Câmpeni, living conditions are higher than in the rest of the Community. The more diverse and higher income base and the population structure have led to a higher degree of development. Consequently this attracts more investment which leads to even further development.
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
% from dwellings total number
1
CAMPENI
Living conditions in dwellings
WaterHot WaterSewageElectricityWood HeatingBathroomToilet w/water
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
% from total dwelling nr
1
ABRUD
Living conditions in dwellings
WaterHot WaterSewageElectricityWood HeatingBathroomToilet w/water
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
% from total dwellings
1
Rosia Montana
Living condition in dwellings
WaterHot WaterSewageElectricityWood HeatingBathroomToilet w/water
Source: All graphs - Alba County Statistic Department,
S. C. Roşia Montană Gold Corporation S.A. - Report on Environmental Impact Assessment Study Chapter 4.8 The Social and Economic Environment of Roşia Montană
Section 4: Overview of the Baseline Socio-Economic Conditions
Page 29 of 52
Source:\Romania & Alba – Romania Ministry of Health website; Roşia Montană – EHC health assessment, 2006.
4.6 Health status
Information on the disease rate at the inhabitants’ level According to the socio economic survey in 2002, 62% of households interviewed in Roşia Montană had one or more members who sought medical attention for serious illnesses in the past year. Causes of health problems could include occupational hazards (particularly mining), as well as a fatty diet, stress and alcoholism. Also, existing mining and ore processing facilities are in poor condition and pose safety hazards to workers and risks to the environment. Figure 4.15. Incidence of Ischaemic heart disease in the Community
Ischaemic heart disease 100 000 inhabitants
0.00
1000.00
2000.00 3000.00
4000.00
5000.00
6000.00
ROMÂNIA ALBA Roşia Montană
A health baseline study conducted in Dec 2005 and Jan 20066 concluded that the health status of the population living in Rosia Montana is worse compared to that of people living other areas both in the vicinity and regionally. For some diseases risks are higher for people in Bucium and Certej The table below summarises the principal findings regarding health risks along with estimated costs of a medical check up. 6 Environmental Health Centre, Cluj Napoca, Romania.
S. C. Roşia Montană Gold Corporation S.A. - Report on Environmental Impact Assessment Study Chapter 4.8 The Social and Economic Environment of Roşia Montană
Section 4: Overview of the Baseline Socio-Economic Conditions
Page 30 of 52
Health risks in Roşia Montană Acute disease is of short duration, rapidly progressive, and in need of urgent care. Acute is a measure of time scale of a disease and is in contrast to chronic which indicates indefinite duration or virtually no change. The time scale depends on the particular disease. Table 4.6 describes the risk of acute and chronic diseases in Roşia Montană and the estimated costs of diagnosis. Table 4-6. Health risks in Roşia Montană
Disease group Acute: risk to develop* Chronic: risk to develop* Estimated costs of
diagnosis
Endocrine
Malignant neoplasms Thyroid and other endocrine glands: 865.6 RON
Respiratory diseases
Significantly higher risk in Rosia Montana compared to other localities, with two exceptions: 1) Bucium and Certege have higher risks, and 2) in some localities with small number of inhabitants.
The probability is higher within the population from Rosia Montana, with the exceptions Certege and Bucium
Lung diseases due to external agents: 280.3 RON Asthma: 317.6 RON Bronchiectasis: 347.6 RON Malignant neoplasms Respiratory and intrathoracic organs: 531.6 RON Malignant neoplasms Lip, oral cavity and pharynx: 904.6 RON
Cardiovascular diseases No data
Chronic cardiovascular diseases are significantly higher in Rosia Montana than in the research area, while in Certege (for all categories) and in Bucium (one category) it is the opposite
Digestive diseases
The risk is significantly higher for living in Rosia Montana compared to all the investigated localities
for chronic digestive diseases there is no specific trend in terms of spatial distribution
Toxic liver disease: 433.4 RON Fibrosis and cirrhosis of liver: 593.4 RON Malignant neoplasms Digestive organs: 641.6 RON
Blood diseases No data
chronic blood and blood forming organ diseases recorded either high or low risks in Rosia Montana without a specific spatial distribution trend
Iron-deficiency anemia: 262.1 RON Malignant neoplasms, stated or presumed to be primary, of lymphoid, haematopoietic and related tissue: 2287.1 RON
Skin diseases
risks of developing acute skin diseases is higher within the population from Rosia Montana
chronic skin diseases indicate significantly higher risks in Rosia Montana compared to Abrud
Dermatitis and eczema:137.5 RON Urticaria and erythema: 286.9 RON Malignant neoplasms Skin: 309.6 RON
Diabetes No data
diabetes has been found to be more prevalent within the inhabitants from Rosia Montana than in the population groups from Abrud and Campeni, while for the other chronic endocrine diseases there is no specific trend in terms of spatial distribution (situation similar to chronic digestive diseases)
Musculoskeletal diseases No data chronic musculoskeletal and connective
tissue diseases showed higher risks in Arthrosis -252 RON
S. C. Roşia Montană Gold Corporation S.A. - Report on Environmental Impact Assessment Study Chapter 4.8 The Social and Economic Environment of Roşia Montană
Section 4: Overview of the Baseline Socio-Economic Conditions
Page 31 of 52
Disease group Acute: risk to develop* Chronic: risk to develop* Estimated costs of
diagnosis Rosia Montana versus the investigated localities, while in Certege and Bucium the risks are higher than in Rosia Montana
Nervous system diseases No data
the risks of developing chronic nervous system diseases is either higher or lower in Rosia Montana compared to the rest of investigated locations
Polyneuropathies and other disorders of the peripheral nervous system: 393.9 RON
Ocular
risks of developing acute ocular diseases is higher for Rosia Montana, with one exception recorded for the people living in Certege
No data Disorders of optic nerve and visual pathways: 395 RON
Genitourinary diseases
risks of developing genito-urinary system diseases is higher for the inhabitants of Rosia Montana, the exception being for Bucium
chronic genito-urinary system diseases indicate significant higher risks for the population living in Rosia Montana compared to the population groups from the other investigated areas
Urolithiasis: 410.4 RON Malignant neoplasms Urinary tract: 583.1 RON
Added to the costs of diagnosis will be medication costs and any treatment. Incomes in the Community are very low whilst the relative cost of living is high, so that low income groups may not have available financial resources to support the cost of proper medical care. The situation is more severe for those people who are not included in a health insurance system such as the inactive population (see Section 4.4 above), compounded by mining redundancies which have reduced or even removed the social safety net of many people. Health conditions in Roşia Montană are predicted to improve as a result of expected improvements in environmental conditions (source: EHC, HRA) due to the resettlement process removing people from higher risk areas, and mitigation strategies of the RMP in the historical and other areas. It is predicted therefore that there will be a decrease in incidences for most of the investigated diseases over the life of the RMP. Considering the high prevalence of the investigated diseases as a baseline and the related medical costs as mentioned above, a decrease in incidences will result in the improvement of the health status in the area.
4.7 Civil Society
Several small associations are active in Abrud or in Roşia Montană in the fields of social assistance, sport sponsoring, and environment. Most actions are small-scale and these organizations are perceived as highly dependent on their leader or founder. In addition to these, parents’ associations and religious congregations are active throughout the CSDP area. Two organisations are currently active in Roşia Montană in reaction to RMGC’s project:
Alburnus Maior Goldminers Association was set up in Roşia Montană village in 2000 in reaction to the information delivered by RMGC, which was perceived as unfair by some citizens. Its intention was to protect inhabitants’ rights especially relating to real estate. Alburnus Maior Goldminers Association s clearly and consistently opposed to the RMP.
S. C. Roşia Montană Gold Corporation S.A. - Report on Environmental Impact Assessment Study Chapter 4.8 The Social and Economic Environment of Roşia Montană
Section 4: Overview of the Baseline Socio-Economic Conditions
Page 32 of 52
The activities of Alburnus Maior Goldminers Association have resulted in several delays to the RMP. This has had a negative impact in terms of the business plans of RMGC and on some Community socio-economic indicators such as employment, investment through-flows, values of revenue to local authorities, amongst others.
The Pro Roşia Montană association appeared later as a reaction to Alburnus Maior
Goldminers Association, and supports RMGC’s Project. The members of this association are generally young people, some of them employed by Minvest or RMGC.
The Employers’ Association of Abrud and Roşia Montană is a businesspersons’ association. It aims at protecting and advocating for the business community from Abrud and Roşia Montană, in the perspective of the future opportunities in the area.
S. C. Roşia Montană Gold Corporation S.A. - Report on Environmental Impact Assessment Study Chapter 4.8 The Social and Economic Environment of Roşia Montană
Section 5: Institutional Background
Page 33 of 52
5 Institutional Background 5.1 Local and County Government
The main responsibilities of the Local Council (comuna in rural areas and orasul in urban ones) as a part of Local Public Administration include7:
approve and advise socio-economic development, territorial planning and administration programmes;
approve and advise urbanism and territorial planning documentations;
road, bridges and building construction, maintenance and repair, and infrastructure at the local level;
approve the technical and economical documentation for investments
assure the material and financial conditions for optimal working of the public institutions and services (education, health, culture, sports, public security, civil protection, social assistance);
decide in the social partnership field regarding the national and international juridical persons.
The county government institutions include the County Prefecture, which is responsible, amongst others, for regional development and roads of county interest. The General Urban Regulation Decision No. 525/1996 defines the urban plan and regulations, which Local Councils are required to prepare and update for the area within their jurisdiction. The Territorial Planning Plan (TPP) and the General Urban Plan (PUG) and the Regulations constitute the technical and legal basis for any modifications to the area.
5.2 Regional Development Agency
The territory of Romania has been subdivided into 8 development regions, each including several “judete” or counties. Alba County is part of the “Centre” Region 7, which also includes Braşov, Covasna, Harghita, Mureş and Sibiu counties. Each of these 8 regions has a Regional Development Agency (Romanian acronym: ADR), which operates as a planning and coordinating entity. Based in Alba Iulia, the Centre Region ADR operates officially as a Non-governmental organization and implements European Union (PHARE) funds, as well as, possibly, other monies, mostly in the area of grants and loans to small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The Romanian Law on regional development in Romania no.151 of 19988 resulted in the establishment of the various Regional Development Agencies (RDA), sets out the objectives of the RDAs which are:
Balanced development of the regions in particular of disadvantaged areas, and the prevention of new economically disadvantaged areas.
Assistance in the Accession process and of access to the structural funds, and the Cohesion Fund of the European Union;
Implementation and execution of (regional/National) government policies concerning regional development, taking into account local and regional (natural/human) resources supporting sustained socio-economic and cultural development;;
7 Law 215/2001 on local public administration, published in Official Journal 204/23 April 2001. 8 Website with English translation : http://www.dsclex.ro/english/law/law151_998.htm
S. C. Roşia Montană Gold Corporation S.A. - Report on Environmental Impact Assessment Study Chapter 4.8 The Social and Economic Environment of Roşia Montană
Section 5: Institutional Background
Page 34 of 52
Stimulation of interregional cooperation, both internal and international, and of transboundary cooperation, within the framework of the Euro-regions.
The agency has drafted a 2002-2004 Regional Development Planning Strategy for the Centre region, which provides detailed economic baseline on the region economics, and proposes broad priorities for short and mid-term economic development.
S. C. Roşia Montană Gold Corporation S.A. - Report on Environmental Impact Assessment Study Chapter 4.8 The Social and Economic Environment of Roşia Montană
Section 6: Potential Impacts
Page 35 of 52
6 Potential Impacts 6.1 Identification of the Social Impacts Area
The social and economic impacts can be divided into two broad categories: 1. Direct Impacts 2. Indirect Impacts Direct Impacts Direct impacts refer to the impact on land, assets and people in the Project’s physical footprint zone. Direct impacts are addressed in the RRAP and are specifically related to relocation and resettlement issues. Indirect Impacts Indirect impacts refer to all other impacts that will occur because of the Project. Such impacts include physical – changes to the natural and manmade environment; social – changes due to the consequence of the Project on peoples, such as income, education & training, changes to the social fabric & dynamics due to in-migration & emigration of peoples, etc; economic – flow of monies through the community in the form of taxes, consumer spending and increased demand for services, products and activities in the surrounding areas, amongst others. Indirect impacts are addressed in the Community Sustainable Development Programme. Project Physical Footprint The Project physical footprint zone is described in the RRAP. It is the Project-Affected Area as defined in the RRAP. This zone includes a significant part of Roşia Montană comuna and a small area in Abrud orasul. Project Social Impacts Area Whether positive or negative, indirect Project social impacts are likely to be experienced:
In the rest of the territory of Roşia Montană comuna that will remain unaffected by physical land take, including a small part of Roşia Montană village (the protected historical zone), the settlement of Gura Rosieii along Abrudel river and the main Abrud – Câmpeni road, and a few rural settlements uphill above Roşia Montană and Corna villages;
In Abrud orasul, including Abrud town and its three satellite villages (Abrud Sat, Gura
Corneii – part of which is affected by the Project physical footprint, Soharu);
In Câmpeni town which after Abrud is the town closest to the Project site (6 km). The following table gives an estimate of the concerned population: Table 6-1. Population Size in the Social Impacts Area
Area Population in the Project Physical Footprint
Population in the rest of the Project Social Impacts Area
Roşia Montană comuna
2,050 1,815
Abrud orasul 340 5,873 Câmpeni town 0 6,000
S. C
. Roş
ia M
onta
nă G
old
Cor
pora
tion
S.A
. - R
epor
t on
Env
ironm
enta
l Im
pact
Ass
essm
ent S
tudy
C
hapt
er 4
.8 T
he S
ocia
l and
Eco
nom
ic E
nviro
nmen
t of R
oşia
Mon
tană
S
ectio
n 6:
Pot
entia
l Im
pact
s P
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36 o
f 52
6.2
Iden
tific
atio
n an
d D
escr
iptio
n of
Pot
entia
l Soc
io-E
cono
mic
Impa
cts
durin
g C
onst
ruct
ion,
Ope
ratio
n an
d C
losu
re
The
follo
win
g ta
ble
pres
ents
the
pote
ntia
l soc
io-e
cono
mic
impa
cts
likel
y to
be
expe
rienc
ed d
urin
g co
nstru
ctio
n, o
pera
tion
and
clos
ure
phas
es.
Tabl
e 6-
2.
Pote
ntia
l Soc
io-E
cono
mic
Impa
cts
durin
g th
e co
nstr
uctio
n, o
pera
tion
and
clos
ure
Topi
c #
Act
ions
des
crip
tion
Impa
ct/ e
ffect
Ty
pe
Mag
ni-tu
de
Dur
atio
n
1 Ac
quis
ition
of l
and
for p
urpo
ses
of m
inin
g op
erat
ions
Phys
ical
and
eco
nom
ic d
ispl
acem
ent o
f peo
ple:
the
acqu
isiti
on o
f abo
ut 1
,600
he
ctar
es o
f lan
d, a
nd d
ispl
acem
ent o
f abo
ut 9
70 h
ouse
hold
s, m
ost i
n th
e lo
calit
ies
of
Roş
ia M
onta
nă (c
irca
577
hous
ehol
ds a
nd 1
36 a
partm
ents
), C
orna
(ca.
150
ho
useh
olds
), an
d G
ura
Cor
neii
(ca.
111
hou
seho
lds)
.
Neg
ativ
e H
igh
Long
term
Land, infrastructure &
demography
2 La
nd u
se c
hang
e (p
ublic
infra
stru
ctur
e in
Roş
ia
Mon
tană
) C
urre
nt p
ublic
infra
stru
ctur
e an
d fa
cilit
ies
in R
osia
Mon
tana
are
par
tially
aba
ndon
ed/
repl
aced
N
egat
ive
Med
ium
Lo
ng te
rm
Pote
ntia
lly d
etrim
enta
l to
loca
ls v
ia re
duct
ion
in a
cces
s to
and
qua
lity
of lo
cal
serv
ices
. Com
petit
ion
for s
ervi
ces.
N
egat
ive
Med
ium
Sh
ort t
o lo
ng-te
rm
Impa
ct o
n lo
cal i
nfra
stru
ctur
e, h
ousi
ng,
basi
c co
mm
oditi
es a
nd s
ervi
ces
Impr
ovem
ents
in lo
cal s
ervi
ces,
etc
, thr
ough
incr
ease
d de
man
d fo
r acc
ess
to a
nd
qual
ity o
f suc
h se
rvic
es b
y w
orke
rs; t
hrou
gh in
crea
se in
wea
lth le
adin
g to
mor
e in
vest
men
ts
Posi
tive
Med
ium
Lo
ng te
rm
Incr
ease
d cu
ltura
l div
ersi
ty a
nd s
ocia
l rev
italis
atio
n: n
ew e
nerg
ies,
new
initi
ativ
es –
sp
orts
, com
mer
cial
, soc
ial
Posi
tive
Med
ium
-hig
h U
p to
long
-te
rm
Impr
oved
and
incr
ease
d so
cial
div
ersi
ty b
y in
tegr
atio
n of
‘for
eign
’ wor
kers
with
loca
l po
pula
tion,
dire
ctly
(e.g
. via
mar
riage
s) o
r ind
irect
ly th
roug
h de
man
d by
the
wor
kers
+/
- the
ir pa
rtner
s fo
r ser
vice
s in
the
loca
l/reg
iona
l com
mun
ities
Po
sitiv
e M
ediu
m-h
igh
Up
to lo
ng-
term
Ris
ks o
f dis
rupt
ion
and
(cul
tura
l) co
nflic
t with
loca
ls
Neg
ativ
e M
ediu
m
Up
to lo
ng-
term
3
In-flux of predominantly male job-seekers and workers
Soci
al im
pact
s re
late
d to
inte
ract
ions
with
lo
cal p
opul
atio
n
Pote
ntia
lly li
ving
alo
ne, r
isks
that
dis
ease
s, in
clud
ing
sexu
ally
tran
smitt
ed d
isea
ses,
in
clud
ing
HIV
/AID
S, m
ay s
prea
d N
egat
ive
Low
Lo
ng-te
rm
Ris
ks o
f inc
reas
ed u
nem
ploy
men
t and
soc
ial/e
cono
mic
vul
nera
bilit
y N
egat
ive
Hig
h Lo
ng-te
rm
Workforce
4 R
educ
tion
in lo
cal/r
egio
nal w
orkf
orce
as
a re
sult
of M
inve
st c
losi
ng d
own
its o
pera
tion
Rel
ease
of s
kille
d, m
inin
g re
late
d w
orke
rs a
vaila
ble
for e
mpl
oym
ent.
Mag
nitu
de
depe
nds
on h
ow m
any
can
be d
irect
ly e
mpl
oyed
by
RM
GC
or s
ub-c
ontra
ctor
s Po
sitiv
e M
ediu
m
Long
term
5 R
ejuv
enat
ed a
nd im
prov
ed e
mpl
oym
ent m
arke
t an
d po
ssib
ilitie
s
Impr
oved
cas
h in
com
es a
nd in
crea
sed
stan
dard
of l
ivin
g. In
crea
sed
oppo
rtuni
ties
for
indi
vidu
al a
nd fa
mily
dev
elop
men
t, in
clud
ing
com
fort
(bet
ter i
nsul
atio
n, e
tc),
educ
atio
n, re
crea
tion,
& fu
ture
inve
stm
ents
Po
sitiv
e H
igh
Long
term
6 Ad
ult e
duca
tion,
voc
atio
nal t
rain
ing,
on
the
job
train
ing
Incr
ease
d op
portu
nitie
s to
exp
loit
empl
oym
ent o
peni
ngs,
dev
elop
ow
n en
terp
rises
, fill
serv
ice-
dem
and
gaps
Po
sitiv
e H
igh
Long
term
Social fabric & quality of life
7 Im
prov
ed h
ealth
ser
vice
s an
d fa
cilit
ies
Bette
r hea
lth p
ossi
bilit
ies
parti
cula
rly fo
r eld
erly
& d
isad
vant
aged
gro
ups
Posi
tive
Hig
h Lo
ng te
rm
S. C
. Roş
ia M
onta
nă G
old
Cor
pora
tion
S.A
. - R
epor
t on
Env
ironm
enta
l Im
pact
Ass
essm
ent S
tudy
C
hapt
er 4
.8 T
he S
ocia
l and
Eco
nom
ic E
nviro
nmen
t of R
oşia
Mon
tană
S
ectio
n 6:
Pot
entia
l Im
pact
s P
age
37 o
f 52
Topi
c #
Act
ions
des
crip
tion
Impa
ct/ e
ffect
Ty
pe
Mag
ni-tu
de
Dur
atio
n
8 R
enov
atio
n or
con
stru
ctio
n of
new
inf
rast
ruct
ure
and
serv
ices
, inc
ludi
ng w
aste
, ele
ctric
ity, w
ater
, se
wag
e &
road
s
Impr
oved
bas
ic &
com
mon
infra
stru
ctur
e, &
ass
ocia
ted
heal
th im
prov
emen
ts.
Impr
oved
ince
ntiv
e to
acc
ess
regi
on o
r sta
y in
regi
on d
ue to
incr
ease
in c
omfo
rt fa
ctor
. Ben
efic
ial t
o to
uris
t pos
sibi
litie
s Po
sitiv
e H
igh
Long
term
Cul
tura
l rei
nvig
orat
ion
and
revi
talis
atio
n, in
trodu
ctio
n of
new
cul
tura
l dyn
amic
s.
Posi
tive
Med
ium
M
ediu
m-
long
term
9
Expo
sure
to n
ew c
ultu
res
(oth
er R
oman
ians
&
expa
triat
es)
Stre
ss &
con
flict
due
to c
hang
e, u
ncer
tain
ty &
neg
otia
tions
. Res
entm
ent,
dist
rust
, fea
r of
new
& u
nkno
wn
cultu
res,
per
sons
N
egat
ive
Med
ium
M
ediu
m
term
Dis
rupt
ion
to th
e lo
cal s
ocia
l fab
ric a
nd s
olid
arity
net
wor
ks. M
ainl
y de
trim
enta
l to
the
mos
t vul
nera
ble
indi
vidu
als
such
as
the
elde
rly a
nd d
isab
led
Neg
ativ
e H
igh
Long
term
10
Res
ettle
men
t (of
a p
art)
of th
e co
mm
unity
Im
prov
ed li
ving
con
ditio
ns th
roug
h ne
w b
uild
ings
, bet
ter i
nfra
stru
ctur
e, im
prov
ed
acce
ss to
(bet
ter)
com
mun
ity s
ervi
ces
Posi
tive
Med
ium
Po
tent
ially
lo
ng te
rm
Incr
ease
d w
ealth
to lo
cal p
rope
rty o
wne
rs /
oper
ator
s. O
ppor
tuni
ties
to li
quid
ate
asse
ts o
r con
vert
tang
ible
ass
ets
to in
tang
ible
ass
ets.
Pos
sibi
lity
to in
vest
in
oppo
rtuni
ties
othe
rwis
e de
nied
loca
ls.
Posi
tive
Med
ium
Po
tent
ially
lo
ng te
rm
11
Dem
and
for l
ocal
ser
vice
s, in
frast
ruct
ure
incl
udin
g ho
mes
, lan
d, o
ther
loca
l res
ourc
es &
pr
oper
ties.
Lo
ss o
f fam
ily h
omes
, are
a an
d m
emor
ies.
Lo
ss o
f est
ablis
hed
supp
ort n
etw
orks
and
nei
ghbo
rhoo
ds
Neg
ativ
e M
ediu
m
Pote
ntia
lly
long
term
12
The
Proj
ect c
onst
ruct
ion
and
oper
atio
n
tem
pora
rily
or p
erm
anen
tly in
terr
upts
or l
imits
ac
cess
to re
side
nces
and
bus
ines
ses
If re
side
nce,
resi
dent
mus
t mov
e ei
ther
tem
pora
rily
or p
erm
anen
tly (r
eset
tlem
ent).
If
busi
ness
, pot
entia
l of s
igni
fican
t los
s of
bus
ines
s. B
usin
ess
mus
t rel
ocat
e or
clo
se.
Poss
ibilit
y to
re-o
pen
if ac
cess
is te
mpo
raril
y re
stric
ted.
N
egat
ive
Hig
h U
p to
long
te
rm
13
The
Proj
ect c
onst
ruct
ion
and
oper
atio
n re
stric
ts
eith
er te
mpo
raril
y or
per
man
ently
acc
ess
to
field
s, p
astu
re, f
ores
t and
oth
er n
atur
al
reso
urce
s
Poss
ible
sig
nific
ant i
mpa
ct o
n su
bsis
tenc
e ag
ricul
tura
l liv
elih
ood
of p
eopl
e.
Inte
rrupt
ion
to s
easo
nal a
gric
ultu
ral p
ract
ices
and
ani
mal
hus
band
ry.
Neg
ativ
e H
igh
Long
-term
Access
14
Impr
oved
tran
spor
t inf
rast
ruct
ure
to lo
calit
y an
d re
gion
via
upg
radi
ng ro
ad li
nk &
logi
stic
al
supp
ort
Easi
er in
gres
s &
egre
ss o
f reg
ion
by p
eopl
e in
clud
ing
tour
ists
. Pro
mot
ion
of re
gion
for
(tour
ist/a
ltern
ativ
e) d
evel
opm
ent,
lead
ing
to s
usta
ined
soc
ial-e
cono
mic
dev
elop
men
t Po
sitiv
e H
igh
Long
term
15
Incr
ease
in fi
scal
reso
urce
s av
aila
ble
to lo
cal
Gov
ernm
ents
via
taxe
s In
crea
sed
budg
et o
f loc
al g
over
nmen
ts, i
mpr
oved
abi
lity
to d
evel
op lo
cal c
ivic
se
rvic
es: e
duca
tion,
hea
lth, t
rans
port,
etc
. Po
sitiv
e H
igh
Long
-term
16
Incr
ease
in fi
scal
reso
urce
s av
aila
ble
to c
entra
l G
over
nmen
t via
taxe
s &
roya
lties
C
ontri
butio
n to
nat
iona
l dev
elop
men
t by
incr
ease
d in
com
e av
aila
ble.
Po
sitiv
e M
ediu
m
Long
-term
17
Ris
k th
at ta
xes
and
reve
nues
are
not
prim
arily
us
ed fo
r loc
al d
evel
opm
ent
Con
tribu
tion
to c
entra
l gov
ernm
ent u
nlik
ely
to b
e ea
rmar
ked
for l
ocal
dev
elop
men
t. C
hanc
e th
at p
riorit
ies
of lo
cal g
over
nmen
t do
not r
efle
ct s
peci
fic p
opul
atio
n-re
late
d ne
eds
and
wan
ts
Neg
ativ
e M
ediu
m
Med
ium
-lo
ng te
rm
Economy
18
Ris
ks re
late
d w
ith p
oten
tial n
on e
quita
ble
dist
ribut
ion
of P
roje
ct b
enef
its th
roug
hout
co
mm
unity
Elde
rly, o
lder
wor
kers
bei
ng u
nabl
e to
mai
ntai
n em
ploy
men
t afte
r Min
vest
clo
ses
dow
n, d
isad
vant
aged
peo
ple
lack
ing
capa
city
(int
elle
ctua
l, ed
ucat
iona
l, ph
ysic
al) t
o ex
ploi
t new
opp
ortu
nitie
s N
egat
ive
Med
ium
ov
eral
l, bu
t H
igh
for
indi
vidu
als
Long
term
S. C
. Roş
ia M
onta
nă G
old
Cor
pora
tion
S.A
. - R
epor
t on
Env
ironm
enta
l Im
pact
Ass
essm
ent S
tudy
C
hapt
er 4
.8 T
he S
ocia
l and
Eco
nom
ic E
nviro
nmen
t of R
oşia
Mon
tană
S
ectio
n 6:
Pot
entia
l Im
pact
s P
age
38 o
f 52
Topi
c #
Act
ions
des
crip
tion
Impa
ct/ e
ffect
Ty
pe
Mag
ni-tu
de
Dur
atio
n
19
Incr
ease
d di
rect
& in
dire
ct e
mpl
oym
ent
Flow
on
effe
cts
of p
rese
nce
of m
ajor
eco
nom
ic in
vest
men
t thr
ough
out c
omm
unity
, to
natio
nal l
evel
. 1:1
0 di
rect
/indi
rect
em
ploy
men
t: jo
b cr
eatio
n.
Posi
tive
Hig
h Lo
ng te
rm
20
Incr
ease
d in
com
e
In c
ompa
rison
to a
‘no-
min
e’ s
cena
rio, i
ncom
es w
ill ris
e Po
sitiv
e H
igh
Long
term
21
Loss
of t
rain
ed s
taff
from
oth
er o
rgan
izat
ions
&
busi
ness
es to
RM
GC
C
apac
ity d
rain
to fi
ll hi
gher
-pay
ing/
bette
r ben
efits
pos
ition
with
RM
GC
. Red
uced
ca
paci
ty a
vaila
ble
to o
ther
bus
ines
ses
Neg
ativ
e M
ediu
m
Shor
t-m
ediu
m
term
22
Incr
ease
d in
com
e fo
r tho
se e
ngag
ed in
sm
all
busi
ness
Req
uire
men
ts o
f sup
ply
of a
div
erse
rang
e of
ser
vice
s, m
ater
ials
& p
rodu
cts
for t
he
RM
P dr
ive
dem
and
for s
ourc
ing
serv
ices
, etc
, loc
ally
, lea
ding
to in
crea
se in
com
e to
lo
cal b
usin
esse
s. A
lso
prov
ides
ince
ntiv
e to
dev
elop
loca
l bus
ines
ses
to s
uppl
y R
MP
& re
late
d/sp
in o
ff de
man
d.
Posi
tive
Med
ium
to h
igh
Long
term
23
Dis
rupt
ion
to b
usin
esse
s lo
cate
d in
the
Proj
ect-
Impa
cted
Are
a Te
mpo
rary
to p
erm
anen
t los
s of
bus
ines
s re
venu
e. L
oss
of in
com
e an
d oc
cupa
tion
to
busi
ness
peo
ple.
N
egat
ive
Low
to H
igh
Shor
t to
long
te
rm
24
Incr
ease
d vi
sibi
lity
of C
omm
unity
and
regi
on fo
r ot
her i
nves
tmen
ts (i
.e. r
egio
nal d
evel
opm
ent)
Incr
ease
in c
onfid
ence
for F
orei
gn D
irect
Inve
stm
ent,
loca
lly to
Ros
ia M
onta
na,
natio
nally
bas
ed o
n co
nfirm
atio
n m
ajor
bus
ines
s in
vest
men
t is
poss
ible
, to
regi
onal
in
clud
ing
neig
hbou
ring
coun
tries
. Po
sitiv
e U
p to
hig
h Lo
ng te
rm
25
Trai
ned
labo
ur fo
rce
Skill
ed, m
ulti-
disc
iplin
ary
labo
ur fo
rce
follo
win
g ca
paci
ty b
uild
ing
and
expe
rienc
e re
quire
d to
wor
k in
the
min
e an
d an
cilla
ry in
dust
ries
Posi
tive
Hig
h Lo
ng te
rm
26
Incr
ease
d cr
edit
oppo
rtuni
ty fo
r peo
ple
thro
ugh
colla
tera
l due
to c
lear
er p
rope
rty ti
tles
Mod
ern
soph
istic
ated
sur
vey
and
cada
stre
tech
niqu
es re
solv
e pr
oper
ty o
wne
rshi
p is
sues
, allo
win
g ow
ners
to u
se p
rope
rties
as
colla
tera
l. Po
sitiv
e Lo
w
Long
term
27
Infla
tion
C
ause
d by
ove
rall
incr
ease
in e
cono
mic
act
ivity
& w
ealth
of r
egio
n. P
oten
tially
de
trim
enta
l to
the
poor
est i
n th
e co
mm
unity
N
egat
ive
Med
ium
Sh
ort-t
erm
Incr
ease
in lo
cal e
cono
mic
act
ivity
follo
win
g co
mm
ence
men
t of c
onst
ruct
ion,
the
mos
t ac
tive
phas
e, in
clud
ing
empl
oym
ent
Posi
tive
Hig
h Sh
ort-t
erm
28
C
onst
ruct
ion
perio
d –
a sh
ort p
erio
d of
rela
tivel
y m
ore
inte
nse
activ
ity
Con
tract
ion
of lo
cal e
cono
mic
act
ivity
at t
he e
nd o
f con
stru
ctio
n, in
clud
ing
retre
nchm
ents
N
egat
ive
Med
ium
Sh
ort-t
erm
29
Incr
ease
d tra
ffic,
par
ticul
arly
at c
onst
ruct
ion
phas
e
Sign
ifica
nt v
olum
es o
f tra
ffic,
par
ticul
arly
larg
e m
achi
nery
incr
ease
s ris
ks to
peo
ple.
R
isk
mos
t acu
te fo
r non
-dis
plac
ed p
eopl
e, p
edes
trian
s, c
yclis
ts, y
oung
and
the
very
ol
d.
Neg
ativ
e H
igh
Shor
t-ter
m
Community safety
30
Min
e co
nstru
ctio
n an
d op
erat
ion
Si
gnifi
cant
indu
stria
l ope
ratio
ns, s
uch
as a
min
e, c
reat
es n
ew s
afet
y ha
zard
s fo
r co
mm
uniti
es p
artic
ular
ly to
non
-dis
plac
ed p
eopl
e.
Neg
ativ
e H
igh
Long
-term
31
Noi
se fr
om in
crea
sed
traffi
c es
peci
ally
dur
ing
cons
truct
ion
Incr
ease
d le
vels
of n
oise
will
be
expe
rienc
ed a
s a
resu
lt of
traf
fic to
and
from
the
site
, in
add
ition
to n
oise
from
the
site
itse
lf N
egat
ive
Mod
erat
e Pe
riodi
c
Community amenity
32
Dus
t fro
m s
ite o
pera
tions
esp
ecia
lly d
urin
g co
nstru
ctio
n D
ust r
aise
d by
site
ope
ratio
ns,
may
be
blow
n to
war
ds a
djac
ent s
ettle
men
ts a
nd
settl
e, g
ivin
g ris
e to
a d
ust n
uisa
nce
issu
e N
egat
ive
Mod
erat
e Pe
riodi
c
S. C
. Roş
ia M
onta
nă G
old
Cor
pora
tion
S.A
. - R
epor
t on
Env
ironm
enta
l Im
pact
Ass
essm
ent S
tudy
C
hapt
er 4
.8 T
he S
ocia
l and
Eco
nom
ic E
nviro
nmen
t of R
oşia
Mon
tană
S
ectio
n 6:
Pot
entia
l Im
pact
s P
age
39 o
f 52
Topi
c #
Act
ions
des
crip
tion
Impa
ct/ e
ffect
Ty
pe
Mag
ni-tu
de
Dur
atio
n
33
Sign
ifica
nt e
cono
mic
impa
cts
follo
win
g m
ine
clos
ure.
N
egat
ive
Hig
h Lo
ng te
rm
34
Out
mig
ratio
n of
ski
lled
wor
kers
, you
ng e
duca
ted
peop
le le
ave,
dem
ogra
phy
(aga
in)
refle
cts
aged
pop
ulat
ion
Neg
ativ
e H
igh
Long
term
35
Inap
prop
riate
or i
nsuf
ficie
nt p
lann
ing
& pr
epar
atio
n fo
r alte
rnat
ive
sust
aina
ble
econ
omic
ac
tiviti
es d
urin
g m
ine
Dec
reas
e in
pop
ulat
ion
to b
elow
dem
ogra
phic
ally
& e
cono
mic
ally
sus
tain
able
leve
ls;
Roş
ia M
onta
nă d
eclin
es a
s a
villa
ge
Neg
ativ
e H
igh
Long
term
Closure
36
Roş
ia M
onta
nă’s
soc
io-e
cono
mic
indi
cato
rs
dem
onst
rate
pos
itive
gro
wth
R
oşia
Mon
tană
rem
ains
a v
iabl
e, a
ttrac
tive
livin
g ce
ntre
with
a s
usta
inab
le e
cono
my,
po
sitiv
e ec
onom
ic g
row
th &
dyn
amic
pop
ulat
ion
Posi
tive
Hig
h Lo
ng te
rm
S. C. Roşia Montană Gold Corporation S.A. - Report on Environmental Impact Assessment Study Chapter 4.8 The Social and Economic Environment of Roşia Montană
Section 7: Mitigation and Monitoring Measures, Implementation Responsibilities
Page 40 of 52
7 Mitigation and Monitoring Measures, Implementation Responsibilities
The following tables provide details on mitigation and monitoring measures, as well as implementation responsibilities. Full details are available in the relevant management plans.
S. C
. Roş
ia M
onta
nă G
old
Cor
pora
tion
S.A
. - R
epor
t on
Env
ironm
enta
l Im
pact
Ass
essm
ent S
tudy
C
hapt
er 4
.8 T
he S
ocia
l and
Eco
nom
ic E
nviro
nmen
t of R
oşia
Mon
tană
S
ectio
n 7:
Miti
gatio
n an
d M
onito
ring
Mea
sure
s, Im
plem
enta
tion
Res
pons
ibilit
ies
Pag
e 41
of 5
2
Tabl
e 7-
1.
Miti
gatio
n an
d M
onito
ring
Mea
sure
s, &
Res
pons
ibili
ties
Impa
ct
desc
riptio
n Im
pact
effe
ct
Miti
gatio
n m
easu
res
Mon
itorin
g m
easu
res
and
indi
cato
rs
Res
pons
ibili
ties
Acquisition of land for purposes of mining operations
Phys
ical
and
eco
nom
ic d
ispl
acem
ent
of p
eopl
e: th
e ac
quis
ition
of a
bout
1,
600
hect
ares
of l
and,
and
di
spla
cem
ent o
f abo
ut 9
70
hous
ehol
ds, m
ost i
n th
e lo
calit
ies
of
Roş
ia M
onta
nă (c
irca
577
hous
ehol
ds a
nd 1
36 a
partm
ents
), C
orna
(ca.
150
hou
seho
lds)
, and
G
ura
Cor
neii
(ca.
111
hou
seho
lds)
.
Land
and
imm
ovea
ble
asse
ts a
cqui
red
from
ow
ners
by
RM
GC
on
the
basi
s of
“willi
ng s
elle
r – w
illing
bu
yer”
tran
sact
ions
. D
ispl
aced
hou
seho
lds
are
elig
ible
to o
ne o
f the
fo
llow
ing
two
optio
ns:
Res
ettle
men
t, in
clud
ing
allo
catio
n of
a re
side
ntia
l pl
ot a
nd re
cons
truct
ion
of re
side
ntia
l hou
ses
in
rese
ttlem
ent s
ites
deve
lope
d by
RM
GC
in P
iatra
Al
ba, R
oşia
Mon
tană
com
una
- or i
n Al
ba Iu
lia, a
nd
othe
r ass
ista
nce
as d
etai
led
in th
e R
RAP
, R
eloc
atio
n, w
here
by th
e di
spla
ced
hous
ehol
d pu
rcha
ses
thei
r new
resi
denc
e th
emse
lves
, usi
ng
the
com
pens
atio
n of
the
affe
cted
ass
ets
at fu
ll re
plac
emen
t val
ue. R
eloc
atio
n al
so in
clud
es o
ther
as
sist
ance
as
deta
iled
in th
e R
RAP
. D
iffer
ent l
ivel
ihoo
d re
stor
atio
n m
easu
res
are
put i
n pl
ace
as d
etai
led
in th
e R
RAP
and
the
CSD
P.
Dis
plac
ed p
eopl
e ha
ve a
cces
s to
a s
peci
fic
grie
vanc
e m
anag
emen
t mec
hani
sm.
Vuln
erab
le p
eopl
e ar
e ad
dres
sed
thro
ugh
a sp
ecifi
c as
sist
ance
pac
kage
. R
eset
tlem
ent a
nd re
loca
tion
mea
sure
s ar
e im
plem
ente
d by
RM
GC
. The
bud
get o
f res
ettle
men
t an
d re
loca
tion
is a
bout
USD
80
M.
Inte
rnal
mon
itorin
g of
: N
egot
iatio
n pr
oces
s an
d co
nclu
sion
of
agre
emen
ts;
Soci
al a
nd e
cono
mic
mon
itorin
g: fo
llow
-up
of th
e ec
onom
ic a
nd s
ocia
l sta
tus
of re
loca
tees
and
re
settl
ers,
acc
ess
to e
mpl
oym
ent,
cost
of
hous
ing
in th
e ar
ea, r
e-es
tabl
ishm
ent o
f ag
ricul
ture
, act
ions
targ
etin
g vu
lner
able
peo
ple;
Te
chni
cal s
uper
visi
on o
f inf
rast
ruct
ure
and
hous
ing
cons
truct
ion,
com
mis
sion
ing;
Im
plem
enta
tion
orga
niza
tion:
ade
quac
y of
sta
ff an
d m
eans
vis
-à-v
is th
e ta
sks;
G
rieva
nces
and
grie
vanc
e m
anag
emen
t sys
tem
; As
sist
ance
in li
velih
ood
rest
orat
ion:
bus
ines
s re
-es
tabl
ishm
ent a
nd a
ssis
tanc
e, s
kills
en
hanc
emen
t and
sm
all l
oans
com
pone
nt;
Hiri
ng o
f Pro
ject
-Affe
cted
Peo
ple
at R
MG
C.
Exte
rnal
eva
luat
ion
as p
er th
e R
RAP
RM
GC
S. C
. Roş
ia M
onta
nă G
old
Cor
pora
tion
S.A
. - R
epor
t on
Env
ironm
enta
l Im
pact
Ass
essm
ent S
tudy
C
hapt
er 4
.8 T
he S
ocia
l and
Eco
nom
ic E
nviro
nmen
t of R
oşia
Mon
tană
S
ectio
n 7:
Miti
gatio
n an
d M
onito
ring
Mea
sure
s, Im
plem
enta
tion
Res
pons
ibilit
ies
Pag
e 42
of 5
2
Impa
ct
desc
riptio
n Im
pact
effe
ct
Miti
gatio
n m
easu
res
Mon
itorin
g m
easu
res
and
indi
cato
rs
Res
pons
ibili
ties
Loss of public infrastructure in Roşia Montană
Cur
rent
pub
lic in
frast
ruct
ure
and
faci
litie
s in
Ros
ia M
onta
na a
re
rem
oved
from
pub
lic u
se in
ord
er
that
min
ing
oper
atio
ns m
ay
com
men
ce.
Affe
cted
pub
lic in
frast
ruct
ure
will
be re
cons
truct
ed a
t th
e R
osia
Mon
tana
rese
ttlem
ent s
ite in
Pia
tra A
lba.
Pr
ivat
e co
ngre
gatio
nal s
truct
ures
will
be
reco
nstru
cted
or c
ompe
nsat
ed.
A sc
hool
will
be c
onst
ruct
ed a
t Pia
tra A
lba
The
cons
truct
ion
of th
e re
settl
emen
t site
in P
iatra
Al
ba w
ill in
clud
e th
e re
plac
emen
t of a
ll pu
blic
in
frast
ruct
ure,
incl
udin
g th
e To
wn
Hal
l, po
lice
stat
ion,
pos
t offi
ce, c
ultu
ral h
ouse
, new
pia
ta (t
own
cent
re),
heal
thca
re c
entre
and
pha
rmac
y Pi
ped
wat
er, w
ater
born
e se
wer
age,
ele
ctric
ity a
nd
tele
phon
e co
nnec
tions
will
be p
rovi
ded
to a
ll re
settl
emen
t hou
ses
M
ost c
hurc
hes
and
cem
eter
ies
rem
ain
unaf
fect
ed a
s a
resu
lt of
the
prot
ectio
n m
easu
res
that
will
be
impl
emen
ted
in th
e de
sign
ated
his
toric
al p
atrim
ony
prot
ectio
n ar
ea. T
hose
con
greg
atio
nal s
truct
ures
th
at m
ay b
e af
fect
ed w
ill be
eith
er re
cons
truct
ed o
r co
mpe
nsat
ed, a
t the
con
greg
atio
n’s
choi
ce.
Cem
eter
ies
and
grav
es w
ill b
e re
loca
ted
in
acco
rdan
ce to
Rom
ania
n le
gisl
atio
n
Tech
nica
l sup
ervi
sion
of c
onst
ruct
ion
of p
ublic
fa
cilit
ies
Actu
al tr
ansf
er o
f new
pub
lic fa
cilit
ies
Actu
al u
se o
f new
pub
lic fa
cilit
ies
afte
r the
y ha
ve
been
tran
sfer
red
RM
GC
in li
aiso
n w
ith c
entra
l, re
gion
al a
nd
loca
l gov
ernm
ent
inst
itutio
ns, a
nd
relig
ious
co
ngre
gatio
ns
Impa
ct
desc
riptio
n Im
pact
effe
ct
Miti
gatio
n m
easu
res
Mon
itorin
g m
easu
res
and
indi
cato
rs
Res
pons
ibili
ties
In-flux of predominantly male job-seekers and
workers from outside the area
Impact on local infrastructure, housing, basic commodities and
services
Pote
ntia
lly d
etrim
enta
l to
loca
ls v
ia re
duct
ion
in
acce
ss to
and
qua
lity
of
loca
l ser
vice
s.
Com
petit
ion
for s
ervi
ces.
Hiri
ng P
olic
y in
tend
ed to
lim
it jo
b-se
eker
s in
flux
by
givi
ng p
riorit
y to
loca
ls fo
r rec
ruitm
ent b
y R
MG
C,
EPC
con
tract
ors
and
sub-
cont
ract
ors,
and
nat
iona
l, re
gion
al a
nd lo
cal p
ublic
atio
n of
this
pol
icy
Acco
mm
odat
ion
of n
on lo
cal w
orke
rs in
a s
peci
fic
cons
truct
ion
cam
p ha
ving
its
own
wat
er s
uppl
y an
d w
aste
trea
tmen
t fac
ilitie
s
Qua
rterly
sta
tistic
s pr
esen
ting
for R
MG
C a
nd
each
EPC
con
tract
or (i
nclu
ding
sub
-con
tract
ors
with
mor
e th
an 1
0 w
orkf
orce
) the
num
bers
of
loca
ls /
natio
nals
/ ex
patri
ates
in m
anag
emen
t /
skille
d / s
emi-s
kille
d an
d un
skill
ed p
ositi
ons;
th
ese
stat
istic
s sh
all b
e pu
blic
ly re
leas
ed a
s pa
rt of
the
Proj
ect o
vera
ll en
viro
nmen
tal a
nd s
ocia
l m
onito
ring
repo
rts
Num
bers
acc
omm
odat
ed a
t the
con
stru
ctio
n ca
mp
to b
e m
onito
red
on a
qua
rterly
bas
is
agai
nst t
he to
tal w
orkf
orce
EPC
con
tract
ors
to a
pply
em
ploy
men
t pr
oced
ures
co
mpl
iant
with
R
MG
C’s
hiri
ng
polic
y an
d R
MG
C to
m
onito
r co
mpl
ianc
e.
S. C
. Roş
ia M
onta
nă G
old
Cor
pora
tion
S.A
. - R
epor
t on
Env
ironm
enta
l Im
pact
Ass
essm
ent S
tudy
C
hapt
er 4
.8 T
he S
ocia
l and
Eco
nom
ic E
nviro
nmen
t of R
oşia
Mon
tană
S
ectio
n 7:
Miti
gatio
n an
d M
onito
ring
Mea
sure
s, Im
plem
enta
tion
Res
pons
ibilit
ies
Pag
e 43
of 5
2
Impa
ct
desc
riptio
n Im
pact
effe
ct
Miti
gatio
n m
easu
res
Mon
itorin
g m
easu
res
and
indi
cato
rs
Res
pons
ibili
ties
Impr
ovem
ents
in lo
cal
serv
ices
, etc
, thr
ough
in
crea
sed
dem
and
for
acce
ss to
and
qua
lity
of
such
ser
vice
s by
wor
kers
; th
roug
h in
crea
se in
w
ealth
lead
ing
to m
ore
inve
stm
ents
No
miti
gatio
n ne
cess
ary
Social impacts related to interactions with local population
Incr
ease
d cu
ltura
l and
so
cial
div
ersi
ty a
nd
revi
talis
atio
n: n
ew
ener
gies
, new
initi
ativ
es –
sp
orts
, com
mer
cial
, so
cial
. Int
egra
tion
of
‘fore
ign’
wor
kers
with
lo
cal p
opul
atio
n th
roug
h,
dire
ct (e
.g. v
ia m
arria
ges)
or
indi
rect
mea
ns s
uch
as
dem
and
by th
e w
orke
rs
+/- t
heir
partn
ers
for
serv
ices
in th
e lo
cal/r
egio
nal
com
mun
ities
No
miti
gatio
n ne
cess
ary
RM
GC
C
omm
unity
su
stai
nabl
e de
velo
pmen
t pl
an
Stak
ehol
ders
di
rect
ly o
r in
dire
ctly
af
fect
ed o
r in
volv
ed in
RM
P.
In-fl
ux o
f pr
edom
inan
tly
mal
e jo
b-se
eker
s
and
wor
kers
from
ou
tsid
e th
e ar
ea
impacts related to interactions with local
Ris
ks o
f dis
rupt
ion
and
(cul
tura
l) co
nflic
t with
lo
cals
Hiri
ng P
olic
y gi
ving
prio
rity
to lo
cals
for r
ecru
itmen
t by
RM
GC
, EPC
con
tract
ors
and
sub-
cont
ract
ors.
Em
phas
is o
n eq
ual o
ppor
tuni
ty e
mpl
oym
ent t
o in
crea
se n
umbe
rs o
f wom
en in
the
wor
kfor
ce.
Wor
kers
’ com
plia
nce
with
cod
e of
con
duct
(n
umbe
r of r
epor
ted
non
com
plia
nces
and
nu
mbe
r of s
anct
ions
take
n fo
r non
com
plyi
ng)
Eval
uatio
n of
the
effe
ctiv
enes
s of
the
code
of
cond
uct i
n av
oidi
ng d
iffic
ultie
s be
twee
n w
orke
rs
EPC
Con
tract
ors
to p
repa
re a
nd
impl
emen
t cod
e of
con
duct
, R
MG
C to
S. C
. Roş
ia M
onta
nă G
old
Cor
pora
tion
S.A
. - R
epor
t on
Env
ironm
enta
l Im
pact
Ass
essm
ent S
tudy
C
hapt
er 4
.8 T
he S
ocia
l and
Eco
nom
ic E
nviro
nmen
t of R
oşia
Mon
tană
S
ectio
n 7:
Miti
gatio
n an
d M
onito
ring
Mea
sure
s, Im
plem
enta
tion
Res
pons
ibilit
ies
Pag
e 44
of 5
2
Impa
ct
desc
riptio
n Im
pact
effe
ct
Miti
gatio
n m
easu
res
Mon
itorin
g m
easu
res
and
indi
cato
rs
Res
pons
ibili
ties
Social impacts related to interactions with local population
In-m
igra
ted
wor
kers
po
tent
ially
livi
ng a
lone
, ris
ks th
at d
isea
ses,
in
clud
ing
sexu
ally
tra
nsm
itted
dis
ease
s,
incl
udin
g H
IV/A
IDS,
may
sp
read
Emph
asis
on
mar
ried
men
or m
en w
ith lo
ng te
rm
partn
ers.
W
orke
rs’ C
ode
of C
ondu
ct; C
omm
unity
Hea
lth
Polic
y:
• H
ealth
incl
udin
g ST
D a
war
enes
s tra
inin
g •
Free
con
dom
dis
tribu
tion
• H
ealth
aw
aren
ess
cam
paig
n in
com
mun
ity
• W
orke
rs c
linic
and
the
loca
l com
mun
ities
N
umbe
r of h
ealth
cam
paig
ns, m
etho
ds u
sed,
at
tend
ance
, bot
h w
ithin
the
wor
kfor
ce a
nd th
e co
mm
unity
H
ealth
aw
aren
ess
train
ing
cour
ses
for w
orke
rs
(par
t of i
ncep
tion
train
ing)
N
umbe
r of c
ours
e pa
rtici
pant
s Av
aila
bilit
y of
con
dom
s H
eath
aw
aren
ess
train
ing
in c
omm
unity
(par
t of
scho
ol c
urric
ulum
, par
t of g
ener
al h
ealth
ca
mpa
ign)
mon
itor
com
plia
nce
RM
GC
liai
se w
ith
loca
l, re
gion
al
and
natio
nal
publ
ic h
ealth
au
thor
ities
&
NG
Os.
C
ontra
ctor
s to
pr
epar
e an
d im
plem
ent h
ealth
pl
ans
Clo
sure
of
Min
vest
/Ros
iam
in
min
es in
200
7 un
der c
urre
nt
gove
rnm
ent
plan
s
Red
uctio
n in
loca
l/reg
iona
l w
orkf
orce
, inc
reas
e in
un
empl
oym
ent (
to 9
0%),
out-
mig
ratio
n of
abl
e-bo
died
& (m
ost)
skille
d w
orke
rs s
eeki
ng o
ther
em
ploy
men
t.
Hiri
ng P
olic
y pr
iorit
izin
g ex
-Min
vest
/Ros
iam
in
wor
kers
for r
e-em
ploy
men
t by
RM
GC
, EPC
co
ntra
ctor
s an
d su
b-co
ntra
ctor
s R
e-tra
inin
g as
par
t of c
omm
unity
dev
elop
men
t pr
ogra
mm
e un
der C
SDP
Qua
rterly
sta
tistic
s pr
esen
ting
for R
MG
C a
nd
each
EPC
con
tract
or (i
nclu
ding
sub
-con
tract
ors
with
mor
e th
an 1
0 w
orkf
orce
) the
num
bers
of e
x-R
osia
min
wor
kers
in m
anag
emen
t / s
kille
d /
sem
i-ski
lled
and
unsk
illed
posi
tions
N
umbe
r of e
x-R
osia
min
em
ploy
ees
atte
ndin
g &
finis
hing
re-tr
aini
ng p
rogr
amm
es. N
umbe
r in
empl
oym
ent.
EPC
con
tract
ors
com
ply
with
R
MG
C
empl
oym
ent
proc
edur
es.
RM
GC
to re
view
an
d ac
cept
em
ploy
men
t pr
oced
ures
prio
r to
fina
lizin
g co
ntra
cts.
R
MG
C to
m
onito
r co
mpl
ianc
e
Rej
uven
ated
and
im
prov
ed
empl
oym
ent
mar
ket a
nd
poss
ibilit
ies
Impr
oved
cas
h in
com
es a
nd
incr
ease
d st
anda
rd o
f liv
ing.
In
crea
sed
oppo
rtuni
ties
for i
ndiv
idua
l an
d fa
mily
dev
elop
men
t, in
clud
ing
com
fort
(bet
ter i
nsul
atio
n, e
tc),
educ
atio
n, re
crea
tion,
& fu
ture
in
vest
men
ts
No
miti
gatio
n ne
cess
ary
Stak
ehol
ders
di
rect
ly o
r in
dire
ctly
af
fect
ed o
r in
volv
ed in
RM
P.
S. C
. Roş
ia M
onta
nă G
old
Cor
pora
tion
S.A
. - R
epor
t on
Env
ironm
enta
l Im
pact
Ass
essm
ent S
tudy
C
hapt
er 4
.8 T
he S
ocia
l and
Eco
nom
ic E
nviro
nmen
t of R
oşia
Mon
tană
S
ectio
n 7:
Miti
gatio
n an
d M
onito
ring
Mea
sure
s, Im
plem
enta
tion
Res
pons
ibilit
ies
Pag
e 45
of 5
2
Impa
ct
desc
riptio
n Im
pact
effe
ct
Miti
gatio
n m
easu
res
Mon
itorin
g m
easu
res
and
indi
cato
rs
Res
pons
ibili
ties
Adul
t edu
catio
n,
voca
tiona
l tra
inin
g, o
n th
e jo
b tra
inin
g
Incr
ease
d op
portu
nitie
s to
exp
loit
empl
oym
ent o
peni
ngs,
dev
elop
ow
n en
terp
rises
, fill
serv
ice-
dem
and
gaps
Impr
oved
hea
lth
serv
ices
and
fa
cilit
ies
Bette
r hea
lth p
ossi
bilit
ies
parti
cula
rly
for e
lder
ly &
dis
adva
ntag
ed g
roup
s N
o m
itiga
tion
nece
ssar
y
RM
GC
+ lo
cal
utilit
y &
infra
stru
ctur
e or
gani
satio
ns
Ren
ovat
ion
or
cons
truct
ion
of
new
in
frast
ruct
ure
and
serv
ices
, in
clud
ing
was
te,
elec
trici
ty, w
ater
, se
wag
e &
road
s
Impr
oved
bas
ic &
com
mon
in
frast
ruct
ure,
& a
ssoc
iate
d he
alth
im
prov
emen
ts. I
mpr
oved
ince
ntiv
e to
ac
cess
regi
on o
r sta
y in
regi
on d
ue
incr
ease
in c
omfo
rt fa
ctor
. Ben
efic
ial
to to
uris
t pos
sibi
litie
s
No
miti
gatio
n ne
cess
ary
RM
GC
+ lo
cal
utilit
y &
infra
stru
ctur
e or
gani
satio
ns
Cul
tura
l rei
nvig
orat
ion
and
revi
tilas
atio
n, in
trodu
ctio
n of
new
cu
ltura
l dyn
amic
s.
No
miti
gatio
n ne
cess
ary
Stak
ehol
ders
di
rect
ly o
r in
dire
ctly
af
fect
ed o
r in
volv
ed in
RM
P.
Expo
sure
to n
ew
cultu
res
(oth
er
Rom
ania
ns &
ex
patri
ates
) St
ress
& c
onfli
ct d
ue to
cha
nge,
un
certa
inty
& n
egot
iatio
ns.
Res
entm
ent,
dist
rust
, fea
r of n
ew &
un
know
n cu
lture
s, p
erso
ns
Hiri
ng P
olic
y gi
ving
prio
rity
to lo
cals
for r
ecru
itmen
t by
RM
GC
, EPC
con
tract
ors
and
sub-
cont
ract
ors,
. Em
phas
is in
equ
al o
ppor
tuni
ty e
mpl
oym
ent t
o in
crea
se n
umbe
rs o
f wom
en in
wor
kfor
ce
Num
ber o
f wor
kers
to b
e ac
com
mod
ated
in O
ld
Ros
ia M
onta
na (P
rote
cted
Zon
e). R
emai
nder
th
roug
hout
com
mun
ities
. Dis
pers
ion
in c
omm
uniti
es
to a
id in
inte
grat
ion
and
prov
ide
mor
e no
rmal
soc
ial
envi
ronm
ent f
or w
orke
rs.
Num
ber o
f wor
kers
acc
omm
odat
ed in
Old
Ros
ia
Mon
tana
. N
umbe
r of w
orke
rs a
ccom
mod
ated
in
com
mun
ities
. N
umbe
r of c
ompl
aint
s –
reco
rded
, file
d an
d ac
ted
upon
. Con
flict
reso
lutio
n re
port
& fo
llow
-up
. Pun
itive
act
ion
agai
nst p
erpe
trato
rs in
ac
cord
ance
to W
orke
rs A
ccom
mod
atio
n Po
licy,
&
Hiri
ng P
olic
y.
RM
GC
&
Acco
mm
odat
ion
Man
agem
ent
Org
anis
atio
n un
der R
osia
M
onta
na
Foun
datio
n.
Res
ettle
men
t (of
a
part)
of t
he
com
mun
ity
Dis
rupt
ion
to th
e lo
cal s
ocia
l fab
ric
and
solid
arity
net
wor
ks. M
ainl
y de
trim
enta
l to
the
mos
t vul
nera
ble
indi
vidu
als
such
as
the
elde
rly a
nd
disa
bled
Vuln
erab
le P
eopl
e Po
licy,
incl
uded
in th
e R
RAP
Pe
ople
hav
e an
opt
ion
to re
settl
e (ra
ther
than
re
loca
te) o
n a
com
mun
ity re
settl
emen
t site
whe
re a
ll co
mm
unity
faci
litie
s ar
e go
ing
to re
cons
truct
ed
Plot
and
hou
se a
lloca
tion
on th
e re
settl
emen
t site
s w
ill at
tem
pt to
mai
ntai
n ne
ighb
orho
od a
nd s
olid
arity
ne
twor
ks
As
per t
he R
RAP
RM
GC
in li
aiso
n w
ith lo
cal
gove
rnm
ent
auth
oriti
es w
ho
have
a le
gal
resp
onsi
bilit
y to
ta
ke c
are
of
vuln
erab
le
peop
le
S. C
. Roş
ia M
onta
nă G
old
Cor
pora
tion
S.A
. - R
epor
t on
Env
ironm
enta
l Im
pact
Ass
essm
ent S
tudy
C
hapt
er 4
.8 T
he S
ocia
l and
Eco
nom
ic E
nviro
nmen
t of R
oşia
Mon
tană
S
ectio
n 7:
Miti
gatio
n an
d M
onito
ring
Mea
sure
s, Im
plem
enta
tion
Res
pons
ibilit
ies
Pag
e 46
of 5
2
Impa
ct
desc
riptio
n Im
pact
effe
ct
Miti
gatio
n m
easu
res
Mon
itorin
g m
easu
res
and
indi
cato
rs
Res
pons
ibili
ties
Impr
oved
livi
ng c
ondi
tions
thro
ugh
new
bui
ldin
gs, b
ette
r inf
rast
ruct
ure,
im
prov
ed a
cces
s to
(bet
ter)
co
mm
unity
ser
vice
s
No
miti
gatio
n ne
cess
ary
Incr
ease
in
dem
and
for l
ocal
se
rvic
es,
infra
stru
ctur
e in
clud
ing
hom
es,
land
, oth
er lo
cal
reso
urce
s &
prop
ertie
s
Incr
ease
d w
ealth
to lo
cal p
rope
rty
owne
rs /
oper
ator
s. O
ppor
tuni
ties
to
liqui
date
ass
ets
or c
onve
rt ta
ngib
le
asse
ts to
inta
ngib
le a
sset
s.
Poss
ibilit
y to
inve
st in
opp
ortu
nitie
s ot
herw
ise
deni
ed lo
cals
.
No
miti
gatio
n ne
cess
ary
Stak
ehol
ders
di
rect
ly o
r in
dire
ctly
af
fect
ed o
r in
volv
ed in
RM
P.
The
Proj
ect
cons
truct
ion
and
oper
atio
n
tem
pora
rily
or
perm
anen
tly
inte
rrupt
s or
lim
its
acce
ss to
re
side
nces
and
bu
sine
sses
If re
side
nce,
resi
dent
mus
t mov
e ei
ther
tem
pora
rily
or p
erm
anen
tly
(res
ettle
men
t).
If bu
sine
ss, p
oten
tial o
f sig
nific
ant
loss
of b
usin
ess.
Bus
ines
s m
ust
relo
cate
or c
lose
. Pos
sibi
lity
to re
-op
en if
acc
ess
is te
mpo
raril
y re
stric
ted.
Iden
tific
atio
n of
all
acce
ss ro
ads
used
by
the
com
mun
ity p
rior t
o co
nstru
ctio
n / o
pera
tion
and
impl
emen
tatio
n of
per
man
ent o
r tem
pora
ry
alte
rnat
ive
acce
ss s
olut
ions
C
ompe
nsat
ion
paid
for d
amag
es re
sulti
ng fr
om
tem
pora
ry re
stric
tion
of u
se. C
ompe
nsat
ion
rate
s as
pe
r the
RR
AP
The
Proj
ect
cons
truct
ion
and
oper
atio
n re
stric
ts e
ither
te
mpo
raril
y or
pe
rman
ently
ac
cess
to fi
elds
, pa
stur
e, fo
rest
an
d ot
her n
atur
al
reso
urce
s
Poss
ible
sig
nific
ant i
mpa
ct o
n su
bsis
tenc
e ag
ricul
tura
l liv
elih
ood
of
peop
le. I
nter
rupt
ion
to s
easo
nal
agric
ultu
ral p
ract
ices
and
ani
mal
hu
sban
dry.
For e
ach
cont
ract
or, q
uarte
rly n
umbe
rs o
f si
tuat
ions
whe
re th
ey w
ere
unab
le to
mai
ntai
n ac
cess
, with
indi
catio
n of
the
dura
tion
of th
e in
terru
ptio
n C
ash
com
pens
atio
n pa
id fo
r dam
ages
resu
lting
fro
m in
terr
uptio
n of
acc
ess;
or o
ther
mea
sure
s no
ted
and
docu
men
ted.
Con
tract
ors
to
mon
itor &
im
plem
ent
corr
ectiv
e m
easu
res.
R
MG
C to
m
onito
r co
mpl
ianc
e
Impr
oved
tra
nspo
rt in
frast
ruct
ure
to
loca
lity
and
regi
on v
ia
upgr
adin
g ro
ad
link
& lo
gist
ical
su
ppor
t
Easi
er in
gres
s &
egre
ss o
f reg
ion
by
peop
le in
clud
ing
tour
ists
. Pro
mot
ion
of re
gion
for (
tour
ist/a
ltern
ativ
e)
deve
lopm
ent,
lead
ing
to s
usta
ined
so
cial
-eco
nom
ic d
evel
opm
ent
No
miti
gatio
n ne
cess
ary
S. C
. Roş
ia M
onta
nă G
old
Cor
pora
tion
S.A
. - R
epor
t on
Env
ironm
enta
l Im
pact
Ass
essm
ent S
tudy
C
hapt
er 4
.8 T
he S
ocia
l and
Eco
nom
ic E
nviro
nmen
t of R
oşia
Mon
tană
S
ectio
n 7:
Miti
gatio
n an
d M
onito
ring
Mea
sure
s, Im
plem
enta
tion
Res
pons
ibilit
ies
Pag
e 47
of 5
2
Impa
ct
desc
riptio
n Im
pact
effe
ct
Miti
gatio
n m
easu
res
Mon
itorin
g m
easu
res
and
indi
cato
rs
Res
pons
ibili
ties
Incr
ease
in fi
scal
re
sour
ces
avai
labl
e to
loca
l G
over
nmen
ts v
ia
taxe
s
Incr
ease
d bu
dget
of l
ocal
go
vern
men
ts, i
mpr
oved
abi
lity
to
deve
lop
loca
l civ
ic s
ervi
ces:
ed
ucat
ion,
hea
lth, t
rans
port,
etc
.
Cap
acity
bui
ldin
g to
enh
ance
loca
l gov
ernm
ents
’ ca
paci
ty to
ade
quat
ely
plan
and
dis
burs
e in
crea
sed
reso
urce
s Li
aiso
n w
ith lo
cal g
over
nmen
ts o
n id
entif
icat
ion
of
appr
opria
te d
evel
opm
ent n
eeds
. With
loca
l go
vern
men
t co-
deve
lop
& co
-fina
nce
proj
ects
of
bene
fit to
loca
l com
mun
ities
Amou
nts
paid
ann
ually
in lo
cal t
axes
Pr
ojec
t prio
rity
list f
or d
evel
opm
ent p
roje
cts
Num
ber o
f pro
ject
s be
ing
or h
ave
been
de
velo
ped
Loca
l go
vern
men
ts
Cen
tral
gove
rnm
ent t
o pr
ovid
e ca
paci
ty
build
ing
to lo
cal
gove
rnm
ents
w
ith a
ssis
tanc
e fro
m A
ND
IPR
ZM
and
its e
xter
nal
dono
rs
Incr
ease
in fi
scal
re
sour
ces
avai
labl
e to
ce
ntra
l G
over
nmen
t via
ta
xes
& ro
yalti
es
Con
tribu
tion
to n
atio
nal d
evel
opm
ent
by in
crea
sed
inco
me
avai
labl
e.
No
miti
gatio
n ne
cess
ary
Cen
tral
gove
rnm
ent
Ris
k th
at ta
xes
and
reve
nues
are
no
t prim
arily
use
d fo
r loc
al
deve
lopm
ent
Con
tribu
tion
to c
entra
l gov
ernm
ent
unlik
ely
to b
e ea
rmar
ked
for l
ocal
de
velo
pmen
t. C
hanc
e th
at p
riorit
ies
of lo
cal g
over
nmen
t do
not r
efle
ct
spec
ific
popu
latio
n-re
late
d ne
eds
and
wan
ts
Wor
k in
coo
pera
tion
with
loca
l aut
horit
ies
on p
roje
cts
of b
enef
it to
loca
l com
mun
ities
& re
gion
. RM
GC
to
co-fi
nanc
e as
pect
s of
pro
ject
dev
elop
men
t /
impl
emen
tatio
n.
Num
ber o
f pro
ject
s de
velo
ped
& co
-fina
nced
. Am
ount
s pe
r pro
ject
.
Loca
l go
vern
men
t ag
enci
es &
R
MG
C
Ris
ks re
late
d w
ith
pote
ntia
l non
eq
uita
ble
dist
ribut
ion
of
Proj
ect b
enef
its
thro
ugho
ut
com
mun
ity
Elde
rly, o
lder
wor
kers
bei
ng u
nabl
e to
mai
ntai
n em
ploy
men
t afte
r M
inve
st c
lose
s th
e R
osia
min
op
erat
ion,
dis
adva
ntag
ed p
eopl
e la
ckin
g ca
paci
ty (i
ntel
lect
ual,
educ
atio
nal,
phys
ical
) to
expl
oit n
ew
oppo
rtuni
ties
Iden
tific
atio
n of
spe
cific
indi
vidu
als
at ri
sk. W
ith lo
cal
auth
oriti
es id
entif
y em
ploy
men
t opp
ortu
nitie
s, w
hat
(re-
)trai
ning
is re
quire
d, a
ssis
t in
retra
inin
g, e
tc
As p
er re
-em
ploy
men
t mea
sure
s &
indi
cato
rs
conc
erni
ng e
x-R
osia
min
em
ploy
ees.
N
umbe
rs o
f ide
ntifi
ed p
erso
ns a
ttend
ing
& co
mpl
etin
g re
-trai
ning
. N
umbe
rs o
f ide
ntifi
ed p
erso
ns g
aini
ng
empl
oym
ent.
Loca
l go
vern
men
t ag
enci
es &
R
MG
C, r
elev
ant
NG
Os
if po
ssib
le.
Incr
ease
d di
rect
&
indi
rect
em
ploy
men
t
Flow
on
effe
cts
of p
rese
nce
of m
ajor
ec
onom
ic in
vest
men
t thr
ough
out
com
mun
ity, t
o na
tiona
l lev
el. 1
:4
dire
ct/in
dire
ct e
mpl
oym
ent:
job
crea
tion.
No
miti
gatio
n ne
cess
ary
Incr
ease
d in
com
e In
com
paris
on to
a ‘n
o-m
ine’
sc
enar
io, i
ncom
es w
ill ris
e N
o m
itiga
tion
nece
ssar
y
Stak
ehol
ders
di
rect
ly o
r in
dire
ctly
af
fect
ed o
r in
volv
ed in
RM
P
S. C
. Roş
ia M
onta
nă G
old
Cor
pora
tion
S.A
. - R
epor
t on
Env
ironm
enta
l Im
pact
Ass
essm
ent S
tudy
C
hapt
er 4
.8 T
he S
ocia
l and
Eco
nom
ic E
nviro
nmen
t of R
oşia
Mon
tană
S
ectio
n 7:
Miti
gatio
n an
d M
onito
ring
Mea
sure
s, Im
plem
enta
tion
Res
pons
ibilit
ies
Pag
e 48
of 5
2
Impa
ct
desc
riptio
n Im
pact
effe
ct
Miti
gatio
n m
easu
res
Mon
itorin
g m
easu
res
and
indi
cato
rs
Res
pons
ibili
ties
Loss
of t
rain
ed
staf
f fro
m o
ther
or
gani
zatio
ns &
bu
sine
sses
to
RM
GC
Cap
acity
dra
in to
fill
high
er-
payi
ng/b
ette
r ben
efits
pos
ition
with
R
MG
C. R
educ
ed c
apac
ity a
vaila
ble
to o
ther
bus
ines
ses
Iden
tific
atio
n of
wor
k-ca
paci
ty n
eeds
of R
MG
C p
er
proj
ect d
evel
opm
ent p
hase
bro
ken
dow
n in
to
spec
ific
skill
s ca
tego
ries
with
app
roxi
mat
e %
w
orkf
orce
. Gap
ana
lysi
s of
exi
stin
g ca
paci
ty in
su
rroun
ding
regi
ons
rela
tive
to R
MG
C d
eman
ds.
Base
d on
gap
ana
lysi
s, s
kills
enh
ance
men
t, ad
ult
educ
atio
n &
voca
tiona
l tra
inin
g to
be
cond
ucte
d by
R
MG
C s
uppo
rted
initi
ativ
es le
adin
g to
incr
ease
d ca
paci
ty le
vel t
o su
pply
RM
GC
nee
ds w
hils
t m
aint
aini
ng c
apac
ity fo
r reg
iona
l bus
ines
s ne
eds.
D
eman
d fo
r em
ploy
men
t will
driv
e hi
gher
sal
arie
s &
bette
r con
ditio
ns in
crea
sing
ove
rall
capa
city
in
regi
on b
y en
cour
agin
g su
itabl
y qu
alifi
ed w
orke
rs to
th
e re
gion
.
Asse
ssm
ent o
f RM
GC
cap
acity
nee
d.
Asse
ssm
ent o
f reg
iona
l tec
hnic
al c
apac
ity to
m
eet R
MG
C n
eeds
. Gap
ana
lysi
s of
regi
onal
ca
paci
ty re
lativ
e to
RM
GC
nee
ds.
Trai
ning
pro
gram
s de
velo
ped
& im
plem
ente
d,
num
ber o
f atte
ndee
s, n
umbe
r of g
radu
ates
, nu
mbe
r in
posi
tion.
O
ngoi
ng a
sses
smen
t of c
apac
ity in
bus
ines
ses
in s
urro
undi
ng re
gion
s to
ens
ure
suffi
cien
t is
avai
labl
e.
RM
GC
bas
ed o
n its
Hiri
ng P
olic
y.
EPC
con
tract
ors
to c
ompl
y w
ith
Hiri
ng P
olic
y.
RM
GC
to
mon
itor r
egio
nal
capa
city
leve
ls to
en
sure
loca
l bu
sine
ss d
o no
t su
ffer c
apac
ity
loss
to th
eir
detri
men
t.
Incr
ease
d in
com
e fo
r tho
se
enga
ged
in s
mal
l bu
sine
ss
Req
uire
men
ts o
f sup
ply
of a
div
erse
ra
nge
of s
ervi
ces,
mat
eria
ls &
pr
oduc
ts fo
r the
RM
P dr
ive
dem
and
for s
ourc
ing
serv
ices
, etc
, loc
ally
, le
adin
g to
incr
ease
inco
me
to lo
cal
busi
ness
es. A
lso
prov
ides
ince
ntiv
e to
dev
elop
loca
l bus
ines
ses
to
supp
ly R
MP
& re
late
d/sp
in o
ff de
man
d.
Stim
ulat
ion
of b
usin
ess
thro
ugh
Smal
l Bus
ines
s Fu
nd, M
icro
-fina
ncin
g, S
kills
-enh
ance
men
t fun
d +
othe
r ini
tiativ
es c
oord
inat
ed b
y in
depe
nden
t Ros
ia
Mon
tana
Dev
elop
men
t Fou
ndat
ion.
Num
ber o
f req
uest
s fo
r ass
ista
nce:
•
finan
cial
•
tech
nica
l •
adm
inis
tratio
n &
orga
niza
tion,
etc
. N
umbe
r of n
ew s
tart
busi
ness
es.
Incr
ease
turn
over
/pro
fit o
f new
/exi
stin
g bu
sine
sses
Dis
rupt
ion
to
busi
ness
es
loca
ted
in th
e Pr
ojec
t-Im
pact
ed
Area
Tem
pora
ry to
per
man
ent l
oss
of
busi
ness
reve
nue.
Los
s of
inco
me
and
occu
patio
n to
bus
ines
s pe
ople
.
(Bus
ines
s) re
settl
emen
t / re
-est
ablis
hmen
t as
sist
ance
to a
ffect
ed b
usin
esse
s. C
ompe
nsat
ion
for l
oss
of b
usin
ess.
Ski
lls e
nhan
cem
ent,
adul
t ed
ucat
ion
& vo
catio
nal t
rain
ing
avai
labl
e fo
r affe
cted
bu
sine
ss a
idin
g in
re-e
stab
lishi
ng b
usin
esse
s.
Stim
ulat
ion
of b
usin
ess
thro
ugh
Smal
l Bus
ines
s Fu
nd, M
icro
-fina
ncin
g, S
kills
-enh
ance
men
t fun
d +
othe
r ini
tiativ
es c
oord
inat
ed b
y in
depe
nden
t Ros
ia
Mon
tana
Dev
elop
men
t Fou
ndat
ion.
As a
bove
. N
umbe
r of d
isru
pted
bus
ines
ses,
loss
of
turn
over
/ pr
ofit.
N
umbe
r of d
isru
pted
bus
ines
ses
set u
p el
sew
here
, or r
emai
n in
loca
lity.
C
ompe
nsat
ion
requ
ests
per
bus
ines
s.
Amou
nts
disp
erse
d, to
who
, bas
ed o
n tra
nspa
rent
reso
lutio
n ag
reem
ent.
RM
GC
, loc
al
gove
rnm
ents
, pr
o-bu
sine
ss
NG
Os
& de
velo
pmen
t or
gani
satio
ns
S. C
. Roş
ia M
onta
nă G
old
Cor
pora
tion
S.A
. - R
epor
t on
Env
ironm
enta
l Im
pact
Ass
essm
ent S
tudy
C
hapt
er 4
.8 T
he S
ocia
l and
Eco
nom
ic E
nviro
nmen
t of R
oşia
Mon
tană
S
ectio
n 7:
Miti
gatio
n an
d M
onito
ring
Mea
sure
s, Im
plem
enta
tion
Res
pons
ibilit
ies
Pag
e 49
of 5
2
Impa
ct
desc
riptio
n Im
pact
effe
ct
Miti
gatio
n m
easu
res
Mon
itorin
g m
easu
res
and
indi
cato
rs
Res
pons
ibili
ties
Incr
ease
d vi
sibi
lity
of
Com
mun
ity a
nd
regi
on fo
r oth
er
inve
stm
ents
(i.e
. re
gion
al
deve
lopm
ent)
Incr
ease
in c
onfid
ence
for F
orei
gn
Dire
ct In
vest
men
t, lo
cally
to R
osia
M
onta
na, n
atio
nally
bas
ed o
n co
nfirm
atio
n m
ajor
bus
ines
s in
vest
men
t is
poss
ible
, to
regi
onal
in
clud
ing
neig
hbou
ring
coun
tries
.
No
miti
gatio
n ne
cess
ary
Stak
ehol
ders
di
rect
ly o
r in
dire
ctly
af
fect
ed o
r in
volv
ed in
RM
P
Trai
ned
labo
ur
forc
e
Skill
ed, m
ulti-
disc
iplin
ary
labo
ur fo
rce
follo
win
g ca
paci
ty b
uild
ing
and
expe
rienc
e re
quire
d to
wor
k in
the
min
e an
d an
cilla
ry in
dust
ries
No
miti
gatio
n ne
cess
ary
Stak
ehol
ders
di
rect
ly o
r in
dire
ctly
af
fect
ed o
r in
volv
ed in
RM
P
S. C
. Roş
ia M
onta
nă G
old
Cor
pora
tion
S.A
. - R
epor
t on
Env
ironm
enta
l Im
pact
Ass
essm
ent S
tudy
C
hapt
er 4
.8 T
he S
ocia
l and
Eco
nom
ic E
nviro
nmen
t of R
oşia
Mon
tană
S
ectio
n 7:
Miti
gatio
n an
d M
onito
ring
Mea
sure
s, Im
plem
enta
tion
Res
pons
ibilit
ies
Pag
e 50
of 5
2
Impa
ct
desc
riptio
n Im
pact
effe
ct
Miti
gatio
n m
easu
res
Mon
itorin
g m
easu
res
and
indi
cato
rs
Res
pons
ibili
ties
Inflation and rising cost of access to services, infrastructure, etc. Caused by overall increase in economic activity & wealth of region. Potentially
detrimental to the poorest in the community
Pric
e &
cost
of l
ivin
g ris
e in
co
mm
unity
. D
etrim
enta
l to
disa
dvan
tage
d pe
rson
s, in
par
ticul
ar e
lder
ly &
ver
y po
or.
Less
impa
ctin
g on
thos
e in
volv
ed in
th
e in
crea
sed
econ
omic
act
ivity
, si
nce
inco
me
also
rise
s.
Wor
kers
’ Acc
omm
odat
ion
Polic
y ai
med
to re
duce
im
pact
s by
acc
omm
odat
ion
in O
ld R
osia
Mon
tana
&
spec
ifica
lly id
entif
ied
acco
mm
odat
ion
site
s th
roug
hout
regi
on. L
ower
s im
pact
on
loca
l hou
sing
m
arke
t at t
he s
ame
time
prov
idin
g fo
r dire
ct in
com
e in
to c
omm
unity
. Id
entif
icat
ion
of m
ost v
ulne
rabl
e (u
sing
bas
elin
e).
Spec
ific
mea
sure
s ta
rget
ing
them
to re
duce
impa
cts.
C
ateg
orie
s of
ass
ista
nce
incl
ude
but n
ot re
stric
ted
to:
• Tr
ansp
ort –
sho
ppin
g, v
isita
tions
, med
ical
as
sist
ance
etc
; •
Dom
estic
ser
vice
– re
mov
al o
f sno
w, g
arba
ge,
chop
ping
& p
illing
of w
ood,
etc
•
Oth
ers
– or
gani
zatio
n of
soc
ial e
vent
s, e
tc.
Fina
ncia
l: In
con
junc
tion
/ coo
pera
tion
with
loca
l au
thor
ities
(+/-
NG
Os)
det
erm
ine
an in
flatio
n-in
dexe
d co
effic
ient
to b
e ap
plie
d to
vul
nera
ble
and
disa
dvan
tage
d pe
ople
on
pens
ions
or s
tate
-wel
fare
to
com
plem
ent t
heir
basi
c in
com
e. T
hen
desi
gn a
n ap
prop
riate
mea
sure
tailo
red
indi
vidu
ally
. For
ex
ampl
e: a
wee
kly
food
ham
per d
eter
min
ed in
co
njun
ctio
n w
ith th
e pe
rson
in p
artic
ular
. Or
subs
idis
ing
utilit
y or
oth
er re
gula
r liv
ing
cost
s.
Ther
eby
miti
gatin
g th
e im
pact
s of
infla
tion
and
ensu
ring
thei
r qua
lity
of li
fe w
ill no
t dec
reas
e du
e to
in
flatio
n.
Num
bers
acc
omm
odat
ed a
t the
con
stru
ctio
n ca
mp
to b
e m
onito
red
on a
qua
rterly
bas
is
agai
nst t
he to
tal w
orkf
orce
M
onito
ring
of lo
cal i
nfla
tion
on a
six
-mon
thly
ba
sis,
incl
udin
g ho
usin
g (r
enta
l and
real
est
ate,
in
clud
ing
land
), an
d st
aple
s Si
x-m
onth
ly p
ublic
rele
ase
of th
e re
sults
with
in
the
Proj
ect e
nviro
nmen
tal a
nd s
ocia
l rep
orts
Vu
lner
able
Peo
ple
Polic
y, in
clud
ed in
the
RR
AP.
Num
ber o
f vul
nera
ble
peop
le, t
heir
parti
cula
r ci
rcum
stan
ces
note
d. A
ssis
tanc
e pr
ogra
mm
e de
velo
ped
& fo
llow
ed. N
umbe
r of v
isits
in
acco
rdan
ce to
ass
ista
nce
prog
ram
me.
In
flatio
n in
dex
deve
lope
d &
appl
ied.
Met
hod
or
mea
sure
to c
ompl
emen
t bas
ic in
com
e or
pe
nsio
n de
term
ined
; rec
ord
of re
gula
rity
of
disp
ersi
on o
f mea
sure
per
vul
nera
ble
pers
on..
Mai
n EP
C
cont
ract
or to
im
plem
ent
RM
GC
to
mon
itor
com
plia
nce
RM
GC
in li
aiso
n w
ith lo
cal
gove
rnm
ent
auth
oriti
es w
ho
have
a le
gal
resp
onsi
bilit
y to
ta
ke c
are
of
vuln
erab
le
peop
le, +
/- N
GO
s.
Con
stru
ctio
n pe
riod
– a
shor
t pe
riod
of
rela
tivel
y m
ore
inte
nse
activ
ity
Incr
ease
in lo
cal e
cono
mic
act
ivity
fo
llow
ing
com
men
cem
ent o
f co
nstru
ctio
n, th
e m
ost a
ctiv
e ph
ase,
in
clud
ing
empl
oym
ent
Loca
l Pro
cure
men
t Pol
icy
aim
ing
at e
nhan
cing
ca
paci
ties
of lo
cal s
mal
l bus
ines
ses,
incl
udin
g m
anag
emen
t of t
he tr
ansi
tion
perio
d fro
m
cons
truct
ion
to O
pera
tion
The
CSD
P in
clud
es s
mal
l bus
ines
s de
velo
pmen
t m
easu
res
to e
nhan
ce th
e bu
sine
ss e
nviro
nmen
t in
a lo
ng te
rm p
ersp
ectiv
e, a
nd a
llevi
ate
the
pote
ntia
l im
pact
s of
the
depr
essi
on re
sulti
ng fr
om th
e en
d of
th
e co
nstru
ctio
n ph
ase
Loca
l pro
cure
men
t aga
inst
tota
l con
tract
am
ount
, mon
itore
d on
a q
uarte
rly b
asis
for e
ach
cont
ract
or a
nd c
ompa
red
with
targ
et
cont
ract
ually
det
erm
ined
for e
ach
cont
ract
or
Loca
l pro
cure
men
t aga
inst
tota
l con
tract
am
ount
, mon
itore
d on
a q
uarte
rly b
asis
for e
ach
Ope
ratio
n &
Mai
nten
ance
(O&M
) co
ntra
ctor
and
co
mpa
red
with
targ
et c
ontra
ctua
lly d
eter
min
ed
Con
tract
ors
to
impl
emen
t in
partn
ersh
ip w
ith
RM
GC
R
MG
C to
m
onito
r co
mpl
ianc
e
S. C
. Roş
ia M
onta
nă G
old
Cor
pora
tion
S.A
. - R
epor
t on
Env
ironm
enta
l Im
pact
Ass
essm
ent S
tudy
C
hapt
er 4
.8 T
he S
ocia
l and
Eco
nom
ic E
nviro
nmen
t of R
oşia
Mon
tană
S
ectio
n 7:
Miti
gatio
n an
d M
onito
ring
Mea
sure
s, Im
plem
enta
tion
Res
pons
ibilit
ies
Pag
e 51
of 5
2
Impa
ct
desc
riptio
n Im
pact
effe
ct
Miti
gatio
n m
easu
res
Mon
itorin
g m
easu
res
and
indi
cato
rs
Res
pons
ibili
ties
Con
tract
ion
of lo
cal e
cono
mic
act
ivity
at
the
end
of c
onst
ruct
ion,
incl
udin
g re
trenc
hmen
ts
fo
r eac
h O
& M
con
tract
or
Incr
ease
d tra
ffic,
pa
rticu
larly
at
cons
truct
ion
phas
e
Sign
ifica
nt v
olum
es o
f tra
ffic,
pa
rticu
larly
larg
e m
achi
nery
in
crea
ses
risks
to p
eopl
e. R
isk
mos
t ac
ute
for n
on d
ispl
aced
peo
ple,
pe
dest
rians
, cyc
lists
, you
ng a
nd th
e ve
ry o
ld.
Wor
kers
Cod
e of
Con
duct
, spe
ed li
mits
, phy
sica
l m
easu
res,
and
saf
ety
awar
enes
s in
loca
l sch
ools
Traf
fic c
ontro
l and
dam
peni
ng d
evic
es
empl
aced
. R
adar
mea
sure
men
ts o
f spe
ed a
nd/o
r bla
ck
boxe
s in
veh
icle
s N
umbe
r of s
afet
y aw
aren
ess
sess
ions
and
at
tend
ance
N
umbe
r of i
ncid
ents
and
acc
iden
ts, a
nd re
late
d co
rrec
tive
actio
ns ta
ken
EPC
con
tract
ors
to id
entif
y ha
zard
s an
d m
itiga
te th
em;
RM
GC
and
co
ntra
ctor
s w
ith
loca
l tea
cher
s an
d ed
ucat
ion
insp
ecto
rate
to
adm
inis
ter t
he
safe
ty
awar
enes
s ca
mpa
igns
, and
to
refre
sh
awar
enes
s on
a
perio
dic
basi
s
Min
e co
nstru
ctio
n an
d op
erat
ion
Sign
ifica
nt in
dust
rial o
pera
tions
, su
ch a
s a
min
e, c
reat
es n
ew s
afet
y ha
zard
s fo
r com
mun
ities
par
ticul
arly
to
non
-dis
plac
ed p
eopl
e.
Fenc
ing
of a
ll w
ork
site
s. S
ecur
ity s
ervi
ces
to a
void
th
ird-p
arty
intru
sion
. Saf
ety
awar
enes
s
Num
ber o
f rep
orte
d th
ird p
arty
intru
sion
s in
to
wor
k si
tes
Num
ber o
f inc
iden
ts a
nd a
ccid
ents
, and
rela
ted
corr
ectiv
e ac
tions
take
n N
umbe
r of s
afet
y aw
aren
ess
sess
ions
and
at
tend
ance
Con
tract
ors
to
fenc
e al
l wor
k si
tes
RM
GC
to
mon
itor
com
plia
nce
RM
GC
and
co
ntra
ctor
s w
ith
loca
l tea
cher
s an
d ed
ucat
ion
insp
ecto
rate
S. C
. Roş
ia M
onta
nă G
old
Cor
pora
tion
S.A
. - R
epor
t on
Env
ironm
enta
l Im
pact
Ass
essm
ent S
tudy
C
hapt
er 4
.8 T
he S
ocia
l and
Eco
nom
ic E
nviro
nmen
t of R
oşia
Mon
tană
S
ectio
n 7:
Miti
gatio
n an
d M
onito
ring
Mea
sure
s, Im
plem
enta
tion
Res
pons
ibilit
ies
Pag
e 52
of 5
2
Impa
ct
desc
riptio
n Im
pact
effe
ct
Miti
gatio
n m
easu
res
Mon
itorin
g m
easu
res
and
indi
cato
rs
Res
pons
ibili
ties
Inap
prop
riate
or i
nsuf
ficie
nt p
lann
ing
& pr
epar
atio
n fo
r alte
rnat
ive
sust
aina
ble
econ
omic
act
iviti
es
durin
g m
ine
life
lead
s to
sig
nific
ant
econ
omic
impa
cts
follo
win
g m
ine
clos
ure.
Dev
elop
men
t of a
rang
e of
mea
sure
s &
initi
ativ
es
over
the
lifes
pan
of R
MP
such
that
net
wel
fare
co
ntin
ues
to in
crea
se fo
llow
ing
clos
ure
of m
ine
oper
atio
ns.
Stim
ulat
ion
of b
usin
ess
thro
ugh
Smal
l Bus
ines
s Fu
nd, M
icro
-fina
ncin
g, S
kills
-enh
ance
men
t fun
d +
othe
r ini
tiativ
es c
oord
inat
ed b
y in
depe
nden
t Ros
ia
Mon
tana
Dev
elop
men
t Fou
ndat
ion.
Num
ber o
f req
uest
s fo
r ass
ista
nce:
•
finan
cial
•
tech
nica
l •
adm
inis
tratio
n &
orga
niza
tion,
etc
. N
umbe
r of n
ew s
tart
busi
ness
es.
Incr
ease
turn
over
/pro
fit o
f new
/exi
stin
g bu
sine
sses
Tr
aini
ng p
rogr
ams
deve
lope
d &
impl
emen
ted,
nu
mbe
r of a
ttend
ees,
num
ber o
f gra
duat
es,
num
ber i
n po
sitio
n.
RM
GC
and
R
osia
Mon
tana
D
evel
opm
ent
Foun
datio
n St
akeh
olde
rs
dire
ctly
or
indi
rect
ly
affe
cted
or
invo
lved
in R
MP
Out
mig
ratio
n of
ski
lled
wor
kers
, yo
ung
educ
ated
peo
ple
leav
e,
dem
ogra
phy
(aga
in) r
efle
cts
aged
po
pula
tion
Cre
atio
n &
prom
otio
n of
Roş
ia M
onta
nă &
C
omm
unity
as
a ce
ntre
of e
xcel
lenc
e co
ncer
ning
(for
ex
ampl
e): m
inin
g te
chno
logi
es, C
omm
unity
&
Sust
aina
ble
Dev
elop
men
t exp
ertis
e, c
onst
ruct
ion
& bu
ildin
g, a
rcha
eolo
gy &
pat
rimon
y.
Esta
blis
hmen
t of e
cono
mic
ally
sus
tain
able
in
dust
ries,
suc
h as
bas
ed a
roun
d: m
inin
g,
com
mun
ity d
evel
opm
ent,
arch
aeol
ogy,
con
stru
ctio
n,
tour
ism
, etc
,
Num
ber o
f edu
catio
nal f
acilit
ies,
num
ber o
f at
tend
ees,
tren
ds o
ver t
ime
(incr
easi
ng/
decr
easi
ng);
num
ber o
f com
pani
es (o
fferin
g se
rvic
es re
flect
ing
area
s of
exc
elle
nce)
; num
ber
of e
mpl
oyee
s (tr
ends
), tu
rnov
er ($
& e
mpl
oyee
s)
Num
ber o
f bus
ines
ses,
num
ber o
f em
ploy
ees,
tu
rnov
er, p
rofit
, con
tribu
tion
to lo
cal a
utho
rity’
s bu
dget
s
Dec
reas
e in
pop
ulat
ion
to b
elow
de
mog
raph
ical
ly &
eco
nom
ical
ly
sust
aina
ble
leve
ls; R
oşia
Mon
tană
de
clin
es a
s a
villa
ge
Dev
elop
men
t of R
oşia
Mon
tană
as
an a
ttrac
tive
villa
ge o
f a h
igh
stan
dard
& q
ualit
y of
livi
ng b
ased
on
the
prin
cipl
es o
f sus
tain
able
dev
elop
men
t, w
ell
mai
ntai
ned,
com
forta
ble
& ac
cess
ible
, with
em
ploy
men
t & e
cono
mic
pos
sibi
litie
s
Num
ber o
f inh
abita
nts,
dem
and
from
peo
ple
to
mov
e to
Roş
ia M
onta
nă, n
umbe
r of p
eopl
e le
avin
g, a
ttend
ance
at e
duca
tiona
l fac
ilitie
s,
cont
ribut
ion
to lo
cal a
utho
ritie
s, d
emog
raph
ic
stru
ctur
e, n
umbe
r of b
irths
, dea
ths,
cha
nge
in
popu
latio
n nu
mbe
rs (r
ise,
falls
)
Soci
al a
nd
econ
omic
risk
s re
late
d w
ith
even
tual
min
e cl
osur
e
Roş
ia M
onta
nă’s
soc
io-e
cono
mic
in
dica
tors
dem
onst
rate
pos
itive
gr
owth
. Roş
ia M
onta
nă re
mai
ns a
vi
able
, attr
activ
e liv
ing
cent
re w
ith a
su
stai
nabl
e ec
onom
y, p
ositi
ve
econ
omic
gro
wth
& d
ynam
ic
popu
latio
n
No
miti
gatio
n ne
cess
ary
Roş
ia M
onta
nă
deve
lopm
ent
foun
datio
n,
loca
l st
akeh
olde
rs,
loca
l aut
horit
ies