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-------' ------'34o lOm,.!, ,i, , iProfile of the Anastasian
Wallnear the Byk BedestenSurvey 2000 Ocr '00Fig. 2: Profile of the
Anastasian Wall south of the Byk BedestenFig. 3: The open-air
reservoir near 35Fig. 4: Plan of the F i l d a m open-air
reservoir36ERZiNCAN SURVEY 2000Timoty B. MITFORD*Closed for a
decade, the harsh mountains between Satala and the Euphrateswere
crossed by important Roman roads, listed in the Geographers, and
partiallyuncovered by Cumont in 1900. i arrived in Ankara 9 August.
My Representative hadjust taken 28 days' sick leave. Fahriye Bayram
was assigned to me at no notice, towork for9 days: far fewer than
sufticient. But she brought cheerful energy and experi-ence, and
could talk to women. We started work in Refahiye 15 August, with a
minibusand driver assigned by the kaymakam. It was a condition that
we were escorted by jan-darma, their numbers varying with perceived
risk from 6 to 19. We worked along 5 mainroutes, between points
already known to me in the mountains north of Refahiye, andthe
EuphratE?s. But further work remains to be done, particularly in
the districts ofKemah and lIi.1. North of the Sivas - Erzincan
"asfalt"Starting at the western end of the imen where i had lost
the road fromSatala in 1987, we found and followed its
continuation, leadinq up to the high ridge(7200 feet) that runs
east-west above the asfalt, and curves NW towards Nicopolis.Traftic
from both directions must have been heading for the Euphrates
valiey. The prin-cipal descent from the ridge passes through Melik
source of a milestone of AD76. We did not have time to follow much
of the road towards Nicopolis. This roadseems certain to be
Roman.2. South of Melik to KemahFrom Melik the "Salt Road" climbs
southwards through thick pine forest,over the high shoulder (7200
feet) of Kurtlu Tepe (8860 feet) and down to Horopol("town on the
Iimes"?), and continues to join the caravan road from Refahiye to
Kemah.Pack-animals followed it continuously until c.1955, carrying
salt from the mines atKmr, near Kemah, to and Giresun. Close to
Horopol, the huge rock atCengerli commands the caravan road.
Confirmed as the source of the cohors iThracum Syriaca inscription,
its fields full of Roman tile fragments, Cengerli seems cer-tain to
have been the site of a fort. There were hans at Kevi and
(bothunvis-ited), and a third below Ermelik: above which at Monkare
we found the likely remainsof a watch-tower. This road is probably
Roman.3. South west of Melik to iliFrom Melik avalley route, marked
bya milestone of AD 129, leads WSWbelow the flanks of Kurtlu Tepe,
and rises to fallaw a rounded ridge (6000 feet), theDr. Timoty B.
MITFORD, Corpus Christi College, Oxford/iNGilTERE.37watershed
between the Black Sea and Euphrates, running across and then above
themodern road to lIi. It descends at Kokiri, and follows the
valley to animportant stopping place for caravans, before climbing
the Sinibeli pass (5900 feet) ,perilous with erosion, and
descending the long valley to the han at Kuruay. There itwas joined
bya route (the Peutinger route?) from Nicopolis via But its
courseafter Kuruay is uncertain: either it continued south west,
climbing steeply up toArmudan, important in Armenian times and
probable site of one of Ptolemy's cities; orit turned south to
follow the gravel bed of the Kuruay, pass beneath Hasanova,
andcross or join the Roman frontier road. This road was certainly
of prime importance forcaravans between the Black Sea and Eski
Malatya. But as a difficult valley route, itscourse between the
watershed and Kuruay seems unlikely to be Roman.4. The Ridge Road
South of Refahiye, to and? i/horozFrom the watershad ridge (Road
3), a main ridge leads SSW between the mod-ern roads to Kemah and
lIi. There was initially no folk memory of its use. But we
foundtraces of a 3-4 m. road, climbing steadily across cols and
looping around low summitsin typically Roman fashion. Rising to a
high watch-tower or guard post (7200 feet), itcontinued to the
fertile but dying viIIage of once before entering the ("baby donkey
pass"), at the western end of a fearsome wall of pinnacles(7500
feet). Ferocious screes marked the operational boundary between 3
districts,and our escort could not continue. We could see a
rock-out path leading down and outof sight, but had no time to
approach it later from the south. It may have continued tojoin the
frontier road at ilhoroz. At and Hasanova this route wasremembered
to have been much used by pack animals traveliing between
Refahiyeand the Euphrates. As a ridge road, it is likely also to
have been used in Roman times.5. The Frontier Road Paralle! to the
EuphratesThe paved Roman road leading up from the Decius bridge on
the Karabudak iscontinued eastwards by the caravan road known as
Sultan Murat Caddesi. We wereable to find at Hasanova clear
evidence of Roman occupation: coins and tile frag-ments, including
Samian, in the fields below the viiiage. The caravan road
continuedup past to ilhoroz (Road 4), the ("infidel's passage"),
and themarble gates. We followed its continuation eastwards over a
low pass (5550 feet). Asit descended, the road was forced to
traverse steep mountainsides in a shallow trenchcut out of white
marble, 1000 m. long and 2-3 m. wide. Traces of a long zigzag
survivefrom its descent to Krtler Dere, but all else has been
carried away in huge landslides.This road is incontroveribly Roman,
and clearly continued to Kemah.My work was again generously funded
by the British Academy. i am particularlygrateful to the vali of
Erzincan, Halil to the kaymakam ofRefahiye, Cahit to my brilliant
Representative, Bayan Fahriye Bayram, andto our driver, the
redoubtable muhtar of Melik Sleyman Withouttheir encouragement and
help this survey would not have been possible. i am alsodeeply
endebted to the many jandarma commanders and sergeants, men of
excep-tional quality, who accompanied me daily with such cheerful
vigour.38c u c u SURVEY 2000Giovanni SALMERI*Anna Lucia
O'AGATALaura FALESIBridget BUXTONIntroductionThe first season of
the Cilicia Survey took place in south-central Turkey(ukurova)
between 25 September and 15 October 20001. The survey focused on
anarea east of the city of Adana, Iying in the extensive alluvial
plain of the river Ceyhan,bounded to the north by the Taurus
mountain range and to the south-east by theheights of Misis D a
.The project behind the survey has been underway for several years,
the aimbeing to study the processes of Hellenisation - if we are
allowed to use, for the sakeof brevity, this outworn term -
occurring throughout the region over a period spanningfrom the 12th
to the 4th century BC. Thus investigation into the Greek presence
in thearea regards the very core of this research, and the
intention is to explore the charac-teristics, extent and nature of
this presence.Before summarising the main data collected in the
survey, it is essential to dwellupon the Greek presence in the
Mediterranean area between the 12th century BC andthe Hellenistic
period in order to outline the study models at our disposal and the
appro-priate methodological approach. Reference will be made to
well-known phenomenasuch as Mycenaean expansion into the western
and eastern Mediterranean, the colo-nial Greek settlements
scattered over much of the Mediterranean area and the variousforms
of exchange responsible for the spreading of prestigious items of
Greek pro-duction.Concerning these phenomena it is possible to
trace out at least three levels ofcontact with the local
environment.As first level simple commercial contact may be pointed
at, manifesting itselfthrough the presence of single exotic items
or consumption goods within contextsdefined as local. The
circulation of pottery or prestige objects of Aegean origin
withinProf. Giovanni SALMERI, University of Pisa, ITALY.Dr. Anna
Lucia D'AGATA, CNR, Roma, ITALY.Dott, Laura FALESI, University of
Genova, ITALY.Bridget BUXTON, University of Caiifornia, Berkeiey,
USA.For assistance in all aspects of our work, our sincere
gratitude goes to staff of the Directorate-General of Monumentsand
Museurns and to our government representative, Nizamettin
Kara.39many indigenous communities in south-east Italy in the
14thand 13thcenturies BC maybe seen as example of a type of trade
affecting mostly symbolically the social systemof the local
communities.The second level might be described as colonial.
Colonies are defined as set-tlements showing a great many
characteristics alien to the local environment andattributable to a
specific, clearly identifiable geographical and cultural ambit.
TheMinoan colonies of Miletus in Caria and Trianda at Rhodes, like
the Greek colonies insouthern Italy and Sicily, offer c1ear
examples of what the term colony actually means.Finally, a third
level of interaction may be generically defined as peculiar to
thephenomena of acculturation. It seems somehow to come between the
two levels pre-viously defined, and the closer the cultures
involved in this exchange are, the harder itis to define. However,
the term acculturation is not used here in the sense of a
preciselevel of relations between two different cultures, but
rather to refer to a series of man-ifold, diversified phenomena
producing results that can be fully brought back neither tothe
local tradition nar to the culture alien to the local milieu. A
proper example is thes.c. Mycenisation of Crete in the 14lhcentury
BC; indeed, the extent and nature of theMycenaean presence on the
island is stili a subject of debatez. Similar phenomenamight be
seen in the appearance of Aegean style pottery in Cilicia and the
coastal sitesof the eastern Mediterranean in the 12thcentury BC3,
or of pottery of Euboean type inthe Levant in the 8thcentury BC4.In
other words, the mechanisms behind acculturation - often
characterised bythe imitatian of specific pottery productions or
the emergence of culturally hybrid ele-ments - are closely bound up
with the peculiarity of the relationship between the cul-tures in
question, and thus somewhat refractory to generalisation. They must
thereforebe considered area by area, and defined in the light of
the numerous local and region-al variables.lt was with this
framework in mind that our attentian was turned to Cilicia. Thisis
a particularly promising region for the study of cultural
interaction in the Late BronzeAge and Earlyand Middle Iran Age5,
forming as it does anatural geographical cross-roads between
Anatolia, the East, the Aegean and the island of Cyprus,
representingon its own a meeting-point of diverse cultures. In the
course of the Bronze Age the areaappears to have been characterised
by marked ceramic -and probably cultural- region-alism, while a
'foreign' presence can subsequently be discerned within it. In
short, theculture of the region is characterised by pronounced
continuity, but alsa by an extreme-Iy open approach to the Aegean
and eastern worlds. Thus it is well suited for the con-struction of
a diachronic model including the two major phases under
investigation. Atthe same time, as Andrew and Susan Sherratt have
recently pointed out, Cilicia is oneof the archaeologically least
known regions of the entire Mediterraneans, and this, ofcourse,
makes it an even more inviting object for a regional research
project.2 Ci. A.L. D'Agata, "Hidden Wars: Minoans and Myeenaeans at
Haghia Triada in the LM III Period. The Evidenee fromPottery'', in
R. Laffineur (ec.), Polemos (Aegaeum 19), Uege 1999, 47-55.3 Cf.
infra.4 Ci. RA Kearsley, "Greeks Overseas in the 8th Century B.C.:
Euboeans, AI Mina and Assyrian Imperialism", in G.K.Tsetskhladze
(ed.), Ancient Greeks West and East, Leiden 1999, 109-134.5 Ci. the
ehronology established by M.H. Gates for Kinet Hyk (aneient Issos)
in her eontributions to the lastInternational Syrnposia of
Exeavalions, Surveys and Arehaeometry (1998-2000) and also that
established for KiliseTepe in J.N. Postgate, "Between the Plateau
and the Sea: Kilise Tepe 1994-97", in R. Malthews (ed.),
AneientAnatolia. Fifty Years' Work by the British Institute of
Arehaeology at Ankara, London 1998, 140.6 A. and S. Sherralt,
"Smail Worlds: Interaetion and Identity in the Aneient
Mediterranean", in E.H. Cline and D. Harris-Cline (eds.), The
Aegean and the Orient if) the Second Mil/ennium (Aegaeum 18), Uege
1998, 336. Various eontri-b u t l o r s on ancient Cllicia are
eolleeted in E. Jean, A.M. Dinol, S. Durugnl (eds.), La Cilicie:
especes et pouvoirsloeaux, Paris 2001.40The 2000 SurveyThe short
survey carried out in 2000 -the first in the programme of the
project-is of purely preliminary value. Given the few days
available and the extensive area tobe subjected to investigation,
the survey was restricted to the exploration of a limitednumber of
places that seemed to hold particular archaeological potential for
thechronological spheres marked out for the project. In other
words, the aim was not toidentify further sites in addition to the
many sites already established in the region, norindeed to focus on
the definition of settlement patterns. Rather, we focused on
siteswithin a specific area in the lower Ceyhan and thus in
proximity to an importantcommunication route. Thanks above all to
surveys carried out in the '30s and '50s7data had already been
obtained showing fairly intensive occurrence both of Aegeanpottery
and of Iron Age pottery of Greek or Cypriot derivation. Thus the
regionappeared subject to phenomena of acculturation with the
Aegean world over an exten-sive time span.During the past fifty
years the area must have seen remarkable changes: it is,in fact,
intensively cultivated, with a wealth of irrigation channels,
attesting to the factthat the lower settlements must have been
razed inorder to favour agricultural uses ofthe land. The area
appears to be occupied by smail mounds at no great distance fromone
another, showing a relatively modest concentration of sherds and
frequentationwhich seems to have come broadly between the 3rd
millennium BC and the MiddleAges.Apart from Misis where 10
different sites have been identified, a further six sitesalready
known to us through previous surveys were visited. The list of
these sites runs:Misis 1-10, Ceyhan, Kpr Hyk, iftlik, Hesegin Tepe,
Tepe, Tepe (Fig. 1).The most significant of the sites visited, and
the one that took the largest shareof time given its size,
unparalleled in the region, is Misis (Fig. 2), which stretches
overtwo contiguous hills on the west side of the river Ceyhan
valleys.Identified as the ancient Mopsuhestias, it lies at an
important crossroads towardsthe eastern Cilicia, as the presence of
a caravanserai also shows. The site consists ofan acropolis to the
west, rising high on steep sides, and a lower hill to the east,
elon-gated in form, and now largely occupied by the modern viIIage
of the same name. Thesurvey focused the ridges and plateaux
overlooking the river on the east hill,on which at least 10 sites
have been located withremains of BA, lA, Hellenistic andRoman
frequentation. The seetion that had already been identified by
Seton-Williams10on the eastern side of the east hill was also
eleared and plotted. In the course of theelearing work material
mainly from the MBA and MIA wascollected.Of the material collected
on the surveyed sites, only scant fragments were foundattributable
to the Late Bronze Age, although this might be due to massive
occupationwiping out earlier traces. By contrast, there is ample
evidence of the Iron Age occupa-tion, characterised by White
Painted and Black-an-red pottery of the Cypriot type.Analytic
review of the visited sites and the collected material would exceed
thescope of this contribution. On this occasion, with regard to the
main theme of the7 Ci. E. Gjerstad, "Cilieian Studies", R, Arch. 3,
Vi s. (1934). 155-203; J. Garstang, "Explorations in Cilieia. The
NeilsonExpedition: Preliminary Report", LAM 24 (1937). 52-66; Id.,
"Explorations in Cilieia. The Neilson Expedition:Preliminary Report
!.I", LAAA 25 (1938),12-23; M.V. Seton-Williams, "Cilieian Survey",
AS4 (1954),121-174; and alsoM.H. Gates and i. Ozgen, "Report on the
Bilkent University Archaeological Survey in Cilicia and the Northem
Hatay(1991)", Sonu/an (1993), 387-394.8 Misis is an impressive site
which deserves great attention not only beeause it was one of the
main central places ofthe region during the BA and the lA, but also
because its Hellenistic and later ruins, stili visibie amid the
houses andorchards of the modern viIIage, will inevitably suffer
increasing damage in the near future.9 Stili useful on Mopsuhestia
W. Ruge, RE 16, 1, 1933, 243-250.10 "Cilician Survey" (supran.
7),164-165.41research, only preliminary observations will be
presented, further research being need-ed to ascertain their
validity. They can be summarised in the following way:1) As for the
Late Bronze Age and the beginning of the lron Age very Iittle
mate-rial attributed to these phases has been collected in the
surveyed sites, and materialof Aegean derivation appears even less
comman.This indicatian comes in contrast with the conclusions
reached by Seton-Williams, who carried out intensive survey of the
region in the 1950s and concludedthat Mycenaean occupation was
fairly widespread in the reqlonn. The material col-lected by the
British archaeologist is at present untraceable, and for the time
being nocomparisons are possible. We can, however, make reference
to the few sites whereexcavations have been or are being carried,
and have yielded material of Aegeanderivation.The analysis
Elizabeth Frencht- carried out on Aegean-type pottery from Tarsusin
the 1970s concluded that while the Aegean pottery imported before
the fall of theHittite empire was extremely scant, the 12thcentury
BC saw the emergence of aciassof pottery imitating the Mycenaean
models, and taking its place beside the local plainor monochrome
pottery. This peculiar production finds close similarities on the
islandof Cyprus and, according to Christopher Mee, should have been
produced in loco byMycenaean groups from the Greek A different view
has been presented bySusan Sherratt and Joost Crouwel in 198714in a
study containing analysts of a set offragments found at in the
Tarsus region and now conserved in the AshmoleanMuseum of Oxford.
While confirming the typological analysis carried out by French,
theauthors underline the connections this material reveals with the
eastern Aegean andthe Dodecanese, coming to the conclusian that
manufacture is not to be attributed toMycenaeans from the Greek
mainland but to local groups of Cilicia. Sherratt argues,mareaver,
that the presence of Aegean-style pottery in Cilicia is to be seen
in terms ofa ceramic phenomenon that alsa extended to the East in
the same period, and that sawCyprus playing a decisive
role15.Sherratt's reconstruction seems to find same confirmation
with the excavationscarried out at Kilise Tepe, in western Cilicia.
This particular site, it has been suggest-ed, saw the presence of
communities whose cultural features belong to the local tradi-tion,
and that show continuity with the previous period, but which
mareaver seem tohave made use of pottery of Aegean derlvationt".
Asimilar phenomenon alsa beginsto take shape in the Amuk valiey,
where the presence of Aegean-style pottery seemsto be due more to
regional economic developments than to any large-scale influx
ofnewcomers from the Aeqean'". On the contrary excavations carried
out at KinetHyk, in eastern Cilicia, seem to suggest a different
plcturets.11 Ibidem, 134.12 "A Reassessment ol the Mycenaean
Pottery at Tarsus", AS 25 (1975), 53-75; by the same author cl.
also "Turkeyandthe East Aegean", in C. Zerner, P. Zerner and J.
Winder (eds.), Wace and Bleen, Amsterdam 1993, 157.13 "Aegean Trade
and Seltlement in Anatolia in the Second Miliennium B.C.", AS 28
(1978),150; but by the same authorcf. now "Anatolian and the Aegean
in the Late Bronze Age", in Cline and Harris-Cline (eds.), The
Aegean and theOrient (supra n. 6), 145.14 "Mycenaean Poltery lrom
Cilicia in Oxlord", OJA 6 (1987), 325-352. By Sherralt, cl. aiso
'''Sea Peoples' and theEconomic Structure ol the Late Second
Millennium in the eastern Mediterranean", in S. Gitin, A. Mazar and
E. Stern(eds.), Mediterranean Peoples in Transition. Thirteenth to
Early Tenth Genturies aGE, In Honor of Professor TrudeDothan,
Jerusalem 1998, 292-313.15 Sherralt has restated her opinions in
the paper "The Ceramic Phenomenon ol the 'Sea Peoples': An
Overview" pre-sented at the conlerence "The Philistines and Other
'Sea Peoples'" heid at Haila in the lirst week ol May 2001.16 Ci.
J.N. Postgate, "Between the Piateau and the Sea: Kilise Tepe
1994-97" (supra n. 5), 127-141, esp. 135-137.17 Ci. J. Verstraete,
"The Importation and imitation ol Aegean Poltery in the Amuq
Valiey, Turkey", AJA 104 (2000), 328;by the same author ci. also
the paper, "Aegean-Style Poltery in the Amuq", presented at the
conlerence "ThePhilistines and Other 'Sea Peoples''', (supra n.
15).18 Ci. especially the paper presented by M.H. Gates,
"Alternative newcomers in Early lron Age Kinet Hyk, Cilicia", atthe
conlerence "The Philistines and Other 'Sea Peoples'' (supra n.
15).42In conclusian, preliminary as the results of our survey
certainly are, they doseem to prompt reappraisal both of the
settlement pattern in the 13thand 12thcenturiesBC and of the
presence of Aegean pottery. Further investigation wilI be needed to
bringthe -apparently somewhat heterogeneous- cultural features
shown by the region in thisperiod into sharper focus, together with
site-by-site examination of the role played bythe ceramic
phenomenon in question.2) Arather different picture emerges for the
Middle Iran Age. Material attributableto this phase, mainly White
Painted and Black-an-red pottery of the Cypriot type, hasbeen
collected on almost all the sites in question, and it seems quite
clear that this wasa phase of expanding settlernent,Indeed, almost
all the sites identified within the settlement of Misis have
yieldedmaterial of the sart, and sherds are found belonging to
vessels both produced in locoand imported, with an apparent
prevalence of tableware. In the area covered by oursurvey Misis
certainly represented a central place.3) Finally, mention must be
made of the presence of material belonging to theClassical period
at Kpr Hyk, Ceyhan and Misis, while material of theHelienistic
period has alsa been found on the same sites, and at In all
thesites mentioned here solid Roman occupation covered many of the
traces of the pre-vious centuries. However, it has to be noted the
presence of material imported fromAttica for the Classical period
while, for the subsequent Hellenistic period, it may bepossible to
reconstruct alocal production of black painted ware of generally
rather poorquality, characterised by thin, opaque paint of weak
consistency.The most interesting result that emerges from the data
yielded by our survey,limited as theyare, is that in the period
investigated, extending as we haveseen fromthe 12th to the 4th
century BC, the model of relations between the area covered by
oursurveyand the Aegean area seems to show same variety. Cyprus had
a dominant roleto play in these relations, which calls for close
analysis extending over the Classicaland Hellenistic periods, while
there appears to be absolutely no evidence to supportthe hypothesis
of invasions or calanisation from the Aegean area itself. The task
beforeus now is to bring clear light to bear on the ways and the
local context in which thisacculturation took place and the role
played by Cyprus phase by phase, without rulingout the possibility
of the existence -over and above the shared elements, or in
otherwords imitatian of specific ceramic classes- of a markedly
local dimension.43MERSINCi LICIA SURVEY 2000Fig.1KM O 20
30OSMANIYEN
MISIS 3 r _:v.:v':; '---CIUCIA SURVEY 2000MISISA.
Zorzt5,10-2000Fig.2NAWSI5(1)G1J.15IS@.:J"---"tA.t't'B(J)V i geen
Phileta, X. Xll. kadar piskopos listelerindeLykia eyaleti olarak
zikredilmekte OIUp26; Konstantinos Porphyrogenne-tos'un bilgiye gre
Ginoanda ve Podaleia arasmda-", bizim tespitlerimize grede ve 8 km.
kadar kuzeyinde bulunmak- Terponella ise, 5-6 km. burada tara- 1990
ele geirilen iki lokalize 23 Kitanaura herhalde, muhtemelen
Zeniketes'in yer korsan sonra Termessos egemenlik bu konudal iin
bk. Nolle (n. 8), 2.2 - 25 (Nolle, sikkelerin terminus an/e olarak
M.O. 74 bk. J. Nolle, "Munzen als Zeugnisse derHellenisierung
Kleinasiens", U. Peter (Hrsg.), nomismatikos. Edith Schnert-Geiss
zum 65. Ge-burtstag, Berlin 1998, 507 vd. Hellenistik 'da olan ve
daha sonra Termessos egemenlik iinde yeralan kent, belki ancak M.S.
Vi. listelerde Dikitanaura olarak grnen piskoposluk merkezi 24
Trkiye (n. 1), lI/34.25 6. - G. elgin - A. V. elgin, Neue
Inschriften aus Nord-Lykien i, Wien 1992, 26, no. 15.26 Darrouzes
(n. 18),7,343; 9, 225; 10, 274; 13, 278; (n. 18),235.27 Constantino
Porfirogenito, De thematibus, ed. A. Pertusi, Citta del Vaticano
1952, 79.28 Trkiye (n. 1), lI/34.29 ve (n. 25), 16 vd., no. 5; 18
vd., no. 6.132pisioiA ANTioCHEiA VE APOLLONiA'SI, KOTiAEioN VEYANIK
LAOoiKEiA'OAYAPILAN Thomas DREW-BEAR*nce, burada iin gereken ve
gste-ren ve Mzeler Genel tm yetkililerine ve olan b-yk nedeniyle
Istanbul Mzesi Nilfer iten-likle ederim.Pisidia Anadolu'da en nemli
Roma kolonisi olan Pisidia uzun bir Yalva bir tesadfen Mze Mdr
Mehmet Yalva Mzesi'ne 2.50 m. ykseklikte olan bublok (Resim: 1), nc
Roma Imparatoru Claudius'un bir heykel kaidesidir. Bu kaide-nin bir
temel, stnde ise profilli bir blok yer demek ki Claudi-us'un
heykeli, yerden en az 3 m. ykseklikte bulunuyordu. Bu ne kadar ya-
ki olan bu heykel, normal insan daha byk Kaidede yer alan 22
kapsayan tamamen imparator Cla-udius'un - filolog olarak - Latince
yenilik eski yazarlardan biliyoruz.Antiocheia az bulunan imparator
heykellerinden olan bu kaide, Claudi-us'un ne gsteriyor. Claudius'a
bu metinde verilen drdnc "tribuni-cia potestas", bu heykelin
senenin 25 Ocak M.S. 45'ten 24 Ocak M.S. 46'yakadar
belirtiyor.Metin, imparator Claudius'un sonra bu heykelin
se-beplerini Antiocheia nde gelen olan eski beledi-ye C.
Caristanius Fronto Caesianus lullus, ile beraber Imparator
Cla-udius devlet dua idi. Daha evvel iki kitabesin-den bu
Caristanius Fronto'yu O kitabelerin biri Yalva Mzesi'nde korun-
Caristanius Fronto, Antiocheia grevlerde bulunup, Suriyeeyaletinde
Xll, legionun generalidir ve aile rnensuplanrun yap- seferlere tam
kez Netice olarak, Roma yksekidare seviyesinde ismi duyulan
birisiydi.imparator Claudius Roma'dan ingiltere'yi fethetmek zere
M.S. 43 da sefere anda, Antiocheia'da bulunan Caristanius Fronto,
imparatorun zafer ve iin adaklar sz Ingiltere'de zafer ka- sonra
Claudius M.S. 45'te Roma'ya bunu duyan Caristani-us Fronto, kendi
imparatorun heykelini diktirerek byk hayvanlar kestir-Prof. Thomas
DREW-BEAR, 31 rue Royale, 69001 FRANSA.133 ve kendi genleriyle
birlikte resmi-dini trenler So-nu olarak bu Antiocheia ve Roma
devam eden kan i r.Pisidia Bu de, Antiocheia gibi, Hellenistik
Dnemde Ancak, yine Anti-ochela gibi, hanqi kral bilemiyoruz.
Apollonia IspartaIli'nde Uluborlu lIesi)'da eskiden ok bize
konularda bilgiler verir. Kasaba ve kylerde ben de ok miktarda yeni
tespit edebildim. Bunlar rnek olarak, bir-ka Frig dilinde ve Yunan
harfleriyle lanetlemelerden sz edilebilir. korumak veya bu ikinci
engel-lemekti: para yerine, dini tehditlerle kt korkutulmaya
yordu.Bu mezar nemli Apollonia'dan tabii ki muhtelif ya- da gnmze
Bunlar belki en nemlisi, Ge Hellenistik veya ErkenRoma Dnemine ait
olan uzun bir kitabesi Bu eser, para halin-de, kanalizasyon
sayesinde gn yeniden (Resim 2: st frag-man). Apollania meclisi ve
bir la, senelerde, kararname ve byk bir stel zerinde top-layarak,
gelecek halinde Apollonia kentinin st makam- bu tedbir sayesinde,
biz de iki bin sene sonra Magas'un treni,Menemachos'un kendi
konusunda bilgiye sahip oluyoruz.ikinci bir kitabesi ise, Roma olan
zen-gin bir heykel kaidesinde yer (Resim: 3). Bu adam, nemli
mik-tardaki kendi olarak Roma'ya kadar, da Apollonia kentinin elisi
olarak grev ve bu idari ynetiminde grevleri parlak bir Ne ki,
dneminde birisi, buheykel kaidesini malzemesi olarak tekrar tam byk
biristavros Burada Uluborlu Belediye Mustafa Uner'e, Ulubor-lu'da
btn boyunca bana ilgi ve iinitenlikle ederim.Kotiaeion (Ktahya)
merkezinden bir saat kadar iki adetbyk Roma mermer Ktahya Mzesi Mdr
Metin Trktzn ile be-raber gidildi. Bunlardan 30 m. ykseklikte ve
100 m. olan bir ocakta (Resim:4) yer yer eki izleri grlmektedir.
Ancak kaya zerinde herhangi bir belgeye Buradan 2 km. bulunan,
mermer tes-pit ettik. Bu ocak su Bu ikinci ocakta insan (rnek
olarak: Resim: 5) ve hayvan (bir deve, bir ift kaz)figrleri ve
muhtelif geometrik da Bu iersinde "her-kese bir!", "Melek Gabriel
(mermerciler) cemaatini kurtar!" gibi ifadeleryer Yine bu ocakta
yer alan bir "menorah" (yedi kollu kabartma- burada Yahudi
toplumunun M.S. iii. LaodikeiaKonya Seluk niversitesi'nden Doent
Dr. Hasan Bahar ile birlikte Konya ili,Sarayn Ilesi'nde bulunan
Laodikeia Ladik veya blgesinde srdrd- geen Geen sundu-134
bildirimde denilen Laodikeia Bizans ve Ge Roma dnemlerinden bu sene
ise Erken Roma ait olan birkakitabeden Ancak, Pisidia Antiocheia ve
gibi, Lycaonia La- da - isminden belli zaten - Seleukid bir idi. Ne
var ki, Ladik ile bulunan kylerden ne kadar ok GeRoma ve Erken Roma
ise de, kadar hibir Hellenistik bu- Buna Laodikeia kenti, Efes'ten
Kilikya'daki Demir uzananulu devlet yol zerinde btn antik tarih
boyunca nemli bir yer- Bunu konfirme eden bir kitabeyi geen sene
tespit Erken Hellenistik Dneme ait bu metinde "Laodikeia bu verdi:
piyadelerden Chares'in Stratonikos, itibaren iyive drst bir adam
olup halka kendini iyi niyetli olarak gsterdi ve btn nst durumlarda
ne gelip, kendi tm gayret edip, hal- yksek iin daima hem de
kendinin zel karakterine g-re birok ferden ediyordu, sonunda da
kendi kaderinekabahat v.d. Az evvel bu askerin bylece vld. GeRoma
Dneminde "Ianciarii" olarak elit bir svari olan La- Erken
Hellenistik Dnemde zamanda askeri bir merkez by-lece Tarihi bu
durumun gayet sz konusu olan eser ile geen [rnparatorLucius Verus'a
bir heykel kaidesinde yer alan da nemlidir. Imparato-run bu M.S.
163 eyll evvel nu gibi eyll Imparator Lucius Verus, Perslere yap-
sefer "Armeniacus" ancak bu unvan bulunmuyor.Bu heykel zaman,
Lucius Verus, Orontes Antioche-ia'daki Imparatorun orada ndegelen
onu iin heykellerini Bu heykel Lucius Verus'un byk. Marcus
Aurelius'un heykel kaidesi de nk mevcut Imparator Marcus
Aurelius'un "pater patriae" yani "vata- uygun halde Lucius Verus'a
Bu tek sebebi:Marcus Aurelius'a olan, elimize gemeyen bir bulunan
tm unvanla- kk Lucius Verus'a bu Bu diktiren Aulus lulius
Quadratus'un ailesi, senatr C. Antius Aulus lulius Ouadratus Roma
sahip hemen ikinci bir kitabesi bulduk. Bu iki yanyana elbette in
situduruyordu, Laodikeia bir ana caddesi zerinde bulun- biz bylece
bilgi sahibi Bu ikinci ya- ise, Imparator bir heykel kaidesidir. O
imparatora unvanlaragre, sz konusu M.S. 211 ve 217 Imparator do-
sreye tarihlendirmek mmkndr. Imparator Lucius Verus gibi,
yineImparator Caracalla Perselere sefer ld. Abaskantos olan bu
diktiren adam ise, imparatorun idi. Laodlke-ia eskiden beri rnek
olarak Impa-rator Antoninus Pius'un Titus Aelius Amiantus.
Laodikeia'da [mpara- klelerini rnek olarak M.S. 184 Stephanos veya
Impara-tor Severus Alexander olan Glykerinos. Laodikeia
blgesindebyk var bylece Geen verdi- bildiride gibi, bu iftliklerin
esas zenginlik ve ma- Dokimeion'da bulunan byk mermer bu da
devletin olarak 135Resim: 1136Resim: 2137Resim: 3Resim: 4Resim:
5138KIBYRA 2000Thomas CORSTEN*Die Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der
Stadt Kibyra und ihrer weiterenUmgebung im Sdwesten Kleinasiens,
die ich seit 1995 jeden Sommer durchfhre,haben in diesem Jahr zu
einem ersten Teilergebnis gefhrt, indem das Corpus der fast450
griechischen und lateinischen Inschriften der Stadt selbst und
ihrer Umgebung sich inzwischen in Druck befindet. Obwohl die
Forschungsreise des Jahres2000 dementsprechend eigentlich nur zur
Herstellung fr den Druck geeigneterPhotographien geplant war, lieB
es sich nicht verhindern, daB einige neue Inschriftenzutage kamen".
Daneben sind auch andere Beobachtungen gemacht und
nicht-epigraphisches Material, z. B. Architekturreste und Reliefs,
aufgenommen worden,was dazu dienen wird, den nachsten Band mit
einer Behandlung topographischer undhistorischer Fragen
vorzubereiten.Besonders interessant und ergiebig hat sich der
sdliche Abschnitt desTerritoriums von Kibyra erwiesen, welcher
vermutlich die Grenze zu Balbura bildete. Inder Nahe des modemen
Dorfes fanden sich narnlich Reste einer antikenStraBe und zwei
Weihungen an verschiedene Gottheiten. Der StraBenbelag,
bestehendaus groBen, unregelmaBigen und anscheinend nicht behauenen
Steinen, ist heute nochauf einer l.anqe von ca. 76 m. erhalten, und
ihre Breite betraqt bis zu 2,26 m. DiesesMaB scheint die
ursprngliche Breite gewesen zu sein, da der Weg an
dementsprechenden Abschnitt durch besonders groBe, etwas
sorqtaltler bearbeiteteSteine begrenzt ist, deren AuBenkanten eine
gerade Linie bilden.Die Weihungen in der Nahe der StraBe, beide in
den anstehenden FelsengemeiBelt, sind leider nur unvollstandiq
erhalten. Die erste besteht aus einem Reliefmit drei rnannlichen
und einer weiblichen Figur, die einmal Attribute gehalten
habenmssen, die aber heute verwittert sind. Darunter befindet sich
die folgende lnschntts:'AA( ]0E01C; EU]-ixnvDie Weihung richtet
sich also an die ansonsten unbekannten "Gerechten.Gtter".Priv.-Doz.
Dr. Thomas CORSTEN, University ol Oxlord, Lexieon ol Greek Personal
Names, Room 312 ClarendonBuilding, Bodleian Library, Oxlord OX1
3BG, ENGLAND.Der Antikenverwaltung danke ieh lr die
Forsehungserlaubnis und der Regierungsvertreterin Feza Demirkk
vomArchaoloqischen Museum Istanbul lr ihre tatkraftiqa
Untersttzung.2 In dem damnachst erseheinenden Corpus der
Insehrilten von Kibyra (in der Reihe .Inschritten grieehiseher
stactoaus Kleinasien") als Nr. 96 aulgenommen.139Etwas sdstlich der
antiken StraBe hat man in den Felsen eine weitereWeihung
eingemeiBelt. Sie gilt einer Gottheit mit dem Beinamen Kcpnorpopoq,
aber ihreigentlicher Name, der am Iinken oberen Rand der Inschrift
genannt gewesen war, istheute unleserlich; er kann aber nicht sehr
lang gewesen sein. Zwei der Weihenden tra-gen die Namen Archigeneia
und Archigenes, der Name des in Z. 2 zuerst genanntenMannes ist
nicht wiederherzustellens:[ 3-4]1 [1-1] EBALTOL,,ApXlYEvew,4
'ApXlyEVT] Durch die Mitteilung des Einwohners eines im
entgegengesetzten, nrdlichenTeil des kibyratischen Gebiets
liegenden Dorfes ist uns eine Inschrift aus der Nahe desmodernen
Ortes bekannt geworden. Sie steht auf einem oben (undursprnglich
auch unten) profilierten altarfrmigen Stein-, der unten abgebrochen
undam linken Rand teilweise beschadiqt, oben und rechts aber
vollstandiq ist:KaL. 't't Em- ro; Kar-4 [ .." l'Resim 13: Zengibar
keramiklerinden rnekler1901999-2000 YILI AMASYA-MERZiFON VE
ORDU-KUMRUYZEY Mehmet ozestr:Kltr ve Mzeler Genel izni ile,
istanbul ni-versitesi Edebiyat Fakltesi 1999 Merzifon, de buileye
olan Samsun'un Vezirkpr ve Havza ilelerinde: 2000 Amasya'daMerkez
Ile, Suluova ve Merzifon ile Ordu'nun Kumru Ilesi'nde arkeolojik
yzey 1999 olarak srdrlmesi iin gerek-li Amasya Valisi Hseyin
Poroy'a candan ede-rim. yine bize ok da olsa, bulunan Trk Tarih
Kurumu Ll). Edebiyat Fakltesi Prof. Dr. Sha E. Gney'e (1999
veIstanbul Universitesi ve Merzifon ve Merzifon Ile Mdr Adem
yrekten ederim. beri Orta Karadeniz Blgesi'nde Arkeolog Nesrin
zsait ile birlikte 1999 Seluk Unlversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fa-kltesi..
Tarihi Anabilim Gr. Dr. Ozdemir Koak, Gazi Osman Universitesi
Fen-Edebiyat Fakltesi Tarih Blm'nden Gr. Abdullah Dn-dar, Tarihisi
Arif Gkek, Kimyager Nihai Ozan'dan ekibimize, Bakan- temsilcisi
olarak Mzesi'nden Arkeolog Sultan Tutar; 2000 da, n-ceki ekibimize,
Zekeriya Demir, temsilcisi olarak..da Kurtu- ve Cumhuriyet
Mzeleri'nden Arkeolog Mehtap Ozverili veuyumlu son derece iyi
sonular olan ekip yelerimi-ze ve Tutar ile ok ederim. 1994 beri
Mer-zifon'da bize son derece bulunan dostumuz, Ile Hasan
Ferendeci'ye yrekten kr ederim.Prof. Dr. Mehmet ZSAiT, istanbul
niversitesi Edebiyat Fakltesi Tarihi Anabilim 34459
Vezneetler/ls-tanbuilTRKiYE1. Merzifon'un Kayadz sonra, ona olan
Havza ilesi'nin ve Yu- Mesudiye (Ksrk) Ky Daha sonra Merzifon Ky ve
de Ky Tepe Gl ve evresi incelendi. Merzifon'un GelinsiniKy Vadisi
sonra da ona olan Havza Ilesi'nin Beyren Ky ve Evli-ya Tepesi' nde
Burada da yer yer ait cruflar Merzifon'un Ky zerinden Vezirkpr'nn
Kkkale, Bykkale kylerindeki da iyi sonular Kkkale Ky'nde Delikkaya
(Harita No: 254, Resim: 1) kitlesi zerinde ve eteklerin-de IT ve
M.O. II. ait az keramik grdk. Bykkale Ky'nde, kye veren ok sarpolan
Bykkale (Harita No: 255, Resim: 2) ve Demir yerlemesine ait yine az
keramikgrlmektedir. Bunun yer yer teras ve da 9rdgmz bu
tespilleri-mizin nmzdeki da devam edecegiz.1911999 VE 2000 YILI
AMASYA MERZiFON iLESi Merzifon ilesi'nde 1987, 1994, 1995, 19962
ola-rak da 1999 ve 2000 da Bylece, Merzifon'un kylerinin tmne ya-
ve nemli sonular Burada, esas olarak, Merzifon'un; Samsun-Istanbul
karayolunun kuzeyinde kalan kylerinin elde sonu- ana zellikleriyle
Bu Merzifon Merkez, Akren, Ortabk, birlikte), Inalan, Gelinsini,
Kara Mustafa (Bahekent), Aksungur, obanren, avundur, Bayatkyleri
ile Kayadz ve (Harita: 1). ret edilen ana yolun gneyinde kalan ve
evresindeki elde da Akren KyMerzifon'un 8 km. kadar yer alan Akren
Ky evresindeki kyn 1.5 km.. kadar Porsukini mevkiindeki Mer-cimekli
Tepe'de (Harita No: 233) IT+M.O. ii. Akren'in 1 km. jnevkllnde
(Harita No: 234) Hellenistik ve Roma hemen kuze-yinde, Arenler
mevkiinde (Harita No: 235) Roma eden ke-ramikler bulduk.Yine, Akren
Ky'nn tarla yolunu izlerken, zeri tahrip Roma ait bir kaya da grld
(meza- 98 cm., i arka ve n 67 cm., i 158 cm.dir). Tarla yo-lunu,
izlerken, Gaspini getikten sonra, Kocatepe bilinen ykseltide bir
Kocatepe (Harita No: 236)Akren Ky'nn 1.4 km. kadar Ky'nn 1.5
km.kadar yer alan Kocatepe tarla yolunun da 800 m kadar
ku-zeyindedir. 125 m. ve ovadan 40 m. kadar ykseklikteki ta- ve
toprak .. nedeniyle olduka tahribata Kocatepe'nin yzeyin-de IT ve
M.O. ii. ait keramikler grlmektedir.Mercan Suyu (Harita No:
237)Merzifon'un 8 km. Mercan Suyu'nun 200 m. bir tepe zerinde
tespit meye gre isim verdik. 70 m. olan ve ve gney ynlerinden
sarpuurumlarla evrili, zeri tmyle imen ve otlarla olan tepenin
yzeyinde IT veO eden az keramik bulduk.Mercan Suyu'ndan sonra,
geerek Merzifon'un 40 km.kadar yer alan Ortabk ve kylerini ve
evresini Sonra, Ky'nn 3 km. Yaprak Tepesi, Duruay, Kilise mevkii
(Roma orak Gl, Suyu olarak bi-linen mevkileri inceledik. Is/tma
Suyu mevkiinde (Harita No: 238) Roma mesine ait keramikler ve grdk.
Bu 350 m. 2 M. zsaiL. "1995 ve 1996 Amasya-Merzifon ve Yzey 15.
1998, s. 149vdd.; M. zsait- N. zsalt. "Amasyada ii. iii. Hilil%ji
Kongresi, orum 16-22 Eyll 1996 (Ankara1998) s.460 vd.; M. zsait,
"1997 ve 1998 Tokat-Zile evresi Yzey 17. ASr, ii, 2000, s. 73 vd.3
Arazi Merzifon Glbahar Un sahiplerine can-dan ederim.192ki orak Gl
mevkiindeki Yayla Hyk (Harita No: 239) verdik. bir ykselti zerinde
olan bu IT az keramik bul-duk. Tepesi (Harita No: 240 )Merzifon'un
3 km. kuzeyindeki Ky hemen yer alan tepe zerinde tespit yrenin ya
verdik. 100 m. olan tepenin erozyona kesimleri ve kaak nedeni ile
de hayli tahrip Tepe yzeyinde iT ve D ait keramikler Kara Mustafa
Hyk (Harita No: 241)Eski Bahekent ve bugn Kara Mustafa Ky4olarak
bilinen ida-ri nitenin 2 km. kadar kyn isminden Kara Mustafa
verdik. Merzifon'un 5 km. kadar hyk,100x150 m. ve 35 m. bir zerinde
bulunmakta- tahrip olan hyk yzeyinde Son Kalkolitik ve IT ait
keramikler grlmektedir.Aksungur Hyk (Harita No: 242 )Merzifon'un
8.5 km. yer alan Aksungur Ky'nn 1 km. kuze-yinde kyn verdik.Hyk
yzeyinde iT ve OT ait keramikler grlmektedir.Aksungur /i ve
Maltepesi (Harita No: 256).Kyn 1.5 km. kadar Maltepesi
olarakbilinen kesimde, bir tmls ve onun yer dereye alt kadar
gsteren bir IT tespit ettik. ky iinde Ge Roma ait bir lahit teknesi
ile bu verenkeramikler de Merzifon'un 12 km. kadar yer alan obanren
Ky ve evresi-ni de inceledik. obanren Ky'nn hemen Tilki Tepesi, kyn
500 m.kadar Gletst:Kelik (Harita No: 244; IT ve Roma ve 600 m.
kadar da obanren Glet Hyk (Harita No: 245; IT) lerini tespit ettik.
Ky iinde Arif evinin nnde bir hudut grld.obanren Tilki Tepesi
(Harita No: 243)Kyn stnde Tilki Tepesi olarak bilinen bir tepepin
kuzey kesimi tmyle tes-viye Ykseltisi yok edilen bu yzeyinde IT ve
OT aitkeramikler bulduk. Bu kesimin hemen tmls mz bir tepe evrede
mimari elemanlara da Merzifon'un 10 km. kadar yer alan avundur Ky
ve evresin-deki Bakacaklar ve mevkiilerinde iki tespit et-tik.4
Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Ky'nn (Bahekent) Kara Mustafa annesine ait
sy-lenen zeri kabartma motifli bir lahit 193Bakacaklar Mevkii
(Harita No: 247 )avundur Ky'nn 500 m. yer alan ve Bakacaklar mevkii
olarak bi-linen bir arazisinde IT, Phryg ve Roma ait az kera-mikler
bulduk.Kavakpman (Harita No: 248)Bakacaklar mevkiinin hemen alt
kesiminde, suyu bugn de yeterli bir bulunan yzeyinde IT, M.O. ii.
ve O aitkeramikler Kayadz Merzifon'un 10 km. kadar yer alan kasaba
evresinde ataltepe (Harita No: 249; Roma Orendere (Harita No: 250;
Hel-lenistik ve Roma Uta Kayadz Yayla Hy'k ve Civek Tepe tespit
ettik. Bunlardan Glet Hyk, Civek Tepe ve ana zellikle-ri ile
vermeye Kayadz Yayla Hyk (Harita No: 252)Kayadz giderken, Kayadz'nn
5 km. olan Glet'in 150 m. yayla yolunun hemen kk bir h-yk grdk. Hyk
ortadan Tahrip edilen kesimle-rinde, IT ait, nitelikli keramikler
g-rlmektedir. mevcut 3 m.; ynnde 60 m.,kuzey-gney ynnde ise 25 m.
kadar Civek Tepe (Harita No: 246)Kayadz 3 km. kadar Mahallesi'nin 2
km. bir tepe st Samsun-lstanbul yolunun 400 m. kuze-yinde yer alan
tepenin tahrip kesimlerinde, IT ve O ait az sa- keramik bulduk. Ova
yzeyinden 120 m. kadar ykseklikte bir kale g-rnmnde olan tepedeki
mevcut 15x20 m. Civek Tepe'de tm Merzifon eltek ve geri plandaki
Sulu- ve Karadeniz'e ve i blgelere kontrol edebilecekbir . Hyk
(Harita No: 251)Kayadz 500 m. yer alan bir tepe ze-rinde tespit
Merzifon hakim bir tepede olan H-yk'n ynnde 200 m., kuzey-gney
ynnde 115 m. ve ete- akan Deresi vadisinden olan de 35 m.dir (
Resim: 3). burada dikili olan tane alan (bugn bir tanesi mevcut)
nin yzeyinde ve derenin eteklerinde tahribat olduka yzeyinde Orta
Kalkolitik safhadan iT kadar olan re eden keramiklerin obsidiyen ve
dilgi, alet-ler grlmektedir (Resim: 4 ). Yine hyk yzeyinde adet kk
el bal- ile ve ezgi Amasya Mze teslim ettik.Orta Karadeniz blmnde
hyk-lerde parlak siyah izgi bezekli, iyi keramlkler Iyi bir lik
gsteren bu keramiklerin daha nitelikli Hyk'te de bulduk.
Bunlar194ve bir grup keramik Hyk'n Orta Kalkolitik'ten beri sahne
ol- etmektedir, gibi Hyk olduka tahrip Blgenin en erken mad-di kltr
belgelerini veren byle bir ok zaman kaybetmeden sistematikolarak
blge kltr tarihinin nemli lde bulu- SULUOVA iLESi Suluova'da 1987
bularak ve Son Kalkolitik veren Tepesihin zamanda bir dilgi atlyesi
da Tepesihin evresinde 2000 olduka tahrip bir Hellenistik - Roma de
bulduk. Bu kesimde nmzdeki daha burada 1940'11 dan beri bilinen
Kurnaz Tepe'den/toprak alma ve hykevresinin de koruma tmyle iinde
olan Kmbet Tepe'nin de nlenmesinin isabetli 2000 YILI ORDU-KUMRU
iLESi 2000 olarak Ordu'nun Kumru ilesi'nde nce, Ordu'da1990 Uzun
Isa olan Ky iin-de ve Melet vadisinin kalan Kurul ve Kurul
Tepesi'nde, MzeMdr M. Ycel ana kayaya oyul- su ?-potern? ziyaret
ettik. Daha sonra, Ordu'nun ile-leri olan ve Fatsa zerinden Kumru
Ilesi'ne geldik.Kumru ilesi'nin Samur, mahalleleri ile Akadere,
Tekke, Esence, Gkeli, Peskden kyleri, birlikte, mmkn Qi- yeri ve
bitki rtsyle olan Kumru 11-esi'ndeki g kendi im- Kumru kesimleri ve
elde edilen (Harita: 2)10.Samur Mahallesi (Harita: 2)Kumru'nun yer
alan Samur Mahallesi'nde, zeri dzeltil- bir tmls de tahrip olan
tmlsn gneyinde krepise ait ve yine bu ynde ortalama 2 m. biryol
Mahallenin "Samur" ismini tmlsnzerinde bir ve eteklerine daha kk
bulunmak- Tmls ve tescil edilmesi gerekmektedir (Resim: 5).Yine bu
evrede Cemalettin Kumru'nun bahesinde bir lahit teknesi? (55x105
cm. i 25 cm., 35 cm.) ile 70x106 cm. birparapet mzeye iyi
olur.5678910 Hy'5 .zerindeki devam 200J yzey da Hoyuk Gokebag
Koyu'nun 2 km. kadar guneydogusunda Elma (Harita No: 253) daha
olarak inceleyerek M. zsait, "1987 Amasya-Suluova Tarih ncesi
ASTVI, 1989, s. 290 vd., Resim: 13-16.1. zq, TTKong, III, 1943, s.
419; K. Kkten-N. zg-T. zq, Belleten, iX, 1945, s.396.M. zsait,
"1990 Ordu-Mesudiye evresinde Yzey AST iX, 1992, s. 357 vd.Ordu ve
Kumru'da Mze Mdr fyl. Ycel Kuman- Kumru Mehmet Sancan'a, Belediye
Adil Eral'a, Dr.Cemalettin Bekir Akkaya'ya, Ktphane Mdr Osman
yrekten ederiz. byk bir titizlikle izen Arkeolog Mustafa Bilgin'e
candan ederim.195 Mahallesi (Harita No: 301).Kumru'nun 200 m.
gneyinde, Mahallesi'ndeki Deresi'nin Tepesi mevkiinde bir tmls
gr-dk. Trnlsn olan kesimde, dere stnde IT eden keramikler bulduk
(Resim: 6 st Yze-yinde bitki rts ve olan belirlemek Ancak dere,
kesimini tmyle tahrip MahallesiKumru ilesi, Mahallesi'nde Horu
Tepesi incelendi. Herhangi bir buluntu-ya Fakat, Mahallesi'nde
Kilisebk mevkiinde, Kumru Belediyesi Abdullah Cebecik bir haberini
Bu, yol silindirik gvdeli, bir mil par- Bir bylece ikinci defa
ze-rinde okunan Byk Constantinus (Resim: 13).M.S. 4. ait ve zerinde
srdr- bu mil tutanakla Ordu Mze teslim Kumru'nun 7 km. yer alan
Ecelli Mahallesi'nin gnmzde de ve bir alana olan bir
mezarlardaolduka uzun mezar Seluklu ruz.Kaya Mezan (Resim: 7).
edilen iinde, Ecelli Mahallesi'nin 250 m. kadar kuzey- bir kaya
grld. Daha sonraki devirlerde, bakmaktaolan tahrip edilen mezar
klinelidir. Konglemera monoblok bir ka-yaya daire olan evresinde
olduka derin kaak Kayadibi (Harita No: 304; Resim: 8). yine Ecelli
da, 4 m. bir kaya kitlesinin nnde bir IT tespit ettik. Ka-ya 500 m.
yer alan ve erozyonnedeniyle olduka tahrip Akadere KyKumru'nun 5
km. kadar yer alan Akadere Ky ve sonuta Keltepe ile bulunarak
Keltepe (Harita No: 303; Resim: 9, st Kyn 500 m. Duman ve Gneycik
kylerini birbirine ba91ayanstabilize yolun hemen gneyinde,
Kalesrnin de gneydogusun-daki mevkilnde, Keltepe bir ykseltinin
eteklerinde bir IT tespit ettik. yzeyinde az keramik grdk. ca
belirlemenin mimari elemana da 196 Kalesi (Harita No: 302; Resim:
9, ikinci ve nc Akadere Ky'nn 1 km. kadar yksek bir sahip ara-zi
kesiminde, Ordu Mzesi Mdr Arkeolog M. Ycel izleri Biz de burada,
tepenin kesiminde Ambarkaya, kuzeyde esas Kalesi denilen sarp ve bu
kesimin bir bulunan mevkiini inceledik. Ambarkaya ile esas
Kalesideprem ve heyelanla ana kayadan ada ada (Resim: 10). 50 m.
kadar gneyinde, iinde su da olan ve 1000 bir da tespit zerinde ve
evresinde iT ait keramikler tr. Kalede horasanla duvar daha ge
devirlerde de Uzerinde yer yer kaak Kalesi ve evresi, tarihi kadar
ekolojik ynden de nemlidir. Tahribata olanbu kesimin evresiyle
birlikte, sit isabetli olur KyKumru ilesi'nin 9 km. kadar yer alan
Ky ve ev-resini inceledik ve elde ettik.Kaya ve Hyk (Harita No:
306) Ky'nn 2 km. kadar yolunun he-men gneyindeki nnde, Kayadibi
olarak bilinen mevkide, Hellenistik-Ro-ma zellikleri gsteren bir
kaya tespit evrede veRoma Dnemine ait iki keramik mezara bir
hediyeye ait olabilir. n 3 m. (1x2 m. kadar kaak ukurunun nndeki
toprak iinde ve yola alalan kesimlerinde IT mesine eden keramikler
(Resim: 11). yan bu kesimde, ve blgede az olan kaya ok iyi
olur.Tekke KyKumru'nun 9 km. kadar yer alan Tekke Ky'nn
Mahallesi'ndeki blrbirlnden basit teknikle ka-yaya 5 adet lahit
teknesi Onemli lde tahrip olan tek-nelerin Tekke Ky'nde bulunan ve
Roma ait oldu- bir kiremidi, birlikte Ordu Mze Mdr- tutanakla
teslim Tepe (Harita No: 305; Resim: 6, alt Kumru'nun 9 km. yer alan
Ky evresi Kyn700 m. kadar yolunun 400 m-, sarp birkonuma sahip olan
Erik Dibi mevkiinde, Tepesi'nde bir IT tespitettik. Bugn, uurumla
evrili Her-hangi bir da
