18.1 Imperialism and America

A. Global competition

B. Desire for military strength

A1.Imperialism- the policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories

A2. Americans believed in imperialism with the idea of manifest destiny.

A3. 3 factors fueled American imperialism

– desire for military strength– thirst for new markets– belief in cultural superiority

B1. Other countries started to build up their military so the US followed suit

B2. Built up the US navy in 7yrs to become the 3rd largest in the world

13A

US NAVY

Great White Fleet’s Route

C. Thirst for new markets

D. Belief in cultural superiority

E. Cry for annexation

C1. US was overproducing certain goods so they looked to other countries for trade

D1. US believed in cultural, racial, and religious superiority over weaker countries

E1. Hawaii produced the main sugar supply for the US in 1875 b/c it was duty free

E2. McKinley Tariff of 1890 revoked the duty free status of Hawaii which meant Hawaii now faced competition in the US market

E3. US pressured Hawaii to build a naval base at Pearl Harbor

6A

F. End of a monarchy F1. US ambassador overthrew Queen Liliuokalani and setup a govt. run by senator Dole

F2. President Cleveland recognized the republic of Hawaii but refused annexation unless a majority of Hawaiians wanted it

F3. 1898 congress proclaimed Hawaii an American territory

18.2 The Spanish-American War

A. American interest in Cuba

B. Headline wars

A1. 1854 President Pierce tried to buy Cuba from Spain, but they refused

A2. US helped Cuba to fight for freedom from Spain, but it failed

B1. Yellow journalism – style of writing that American journalist used to show the brutality of the Spanish to Cubans. It exaggerated the news to lure and encourage readers

8A / 7D

Yellow Journalism

C. The De Lome letter

D. USS Maine explodes

E. War in the Philippines

C1. De Lome letter criticized the American president and made more Americans sympathize with the Cubans

D1. Ship blew up in the harbor of Havana

D2. 260 men killedD3. No one knows why the ship

explodedD4. Newspapers claimed that the

Spanish blew up the ship

E1. 1st battle of the Spanish-American war was fought on the Philippine Islands

E2. George Dewey with American troops and Filipino rebels fought for the independence of the Philippines

E3. Spain surrendered

F. The war in the Caribbean

G. Rough Riders

H. Treaty of Paris

I. Debate over treaty

F1. US placed a blockade on CubaF2. US army was weak

G1. Rough Riders – Volunteer cavalry under the command of Teddy Roosevelt

G2. San Juan Hill – Rough Riders cleared the way for the victory 2 days later the war was over

H1. US + Spain signed an armisticeH2. Treaty of Paris – Spain freed

Cuba and turned over Guam + Puerto Rico to the US

H3. Spain also sold the Philippines to the US for 20 million

I1. Debate over if the US had the right to annex the Philippines

I2. 1899 congress approved the annexation of the Philippines

2D / 8D

Rough Riders

18.3 Acquiring New LandsA. Return to civil govt.

B. American soldiers

A1. Foraker act- ended military rule in Puerto Rico and set up a civil govt.

A2. Act gave power to the US presidents to appoint governors and members of the upper house

A3. Gave the right for Puerto Ricans to be US citizens

B1. US controlled Cuba the same as Spain

B2. US provided food, clothing, gave people land, and organized schools

C. Platt Amendment

D. Philippine-American war

E. Aftermath of the war

C1. Cuba wrote its own constitutionC2. Since they did not specify a

relationship with the US, the US added the Platt amendment

– Cuba could not make treaties that limited its independence

– Cuba was not to go into debt– US could buy or lease land for

naval stationsC3. Cuba was a US Protectorate- a

country whose affairs are partially controlled by a stronger power

D1. Filipinos rose up against the USD2. US had harsh control over the

Island which killed many Filipinos

E1. Set up a govt. similar to that in Puerto Rico

E2. Philippines would eventually become an indep. republic

4D

F. John Hay’s open door notes

G. Boxer rebellion in China

H. Protecting American rights

F1. Letters addressed to the leaders of imperialist nations proposing that the nations share their trading rights with the US

F2. No single nation would have a monopoly

F3. Create an open door policy with China

G1. Europeans dominate China’s tradeG2. Boxers were anti-Christian and

EuropeanG3. Army of foreign troops marched to the

capital putting down the boxer rebellion

H1. US pledge to protect ChinaH2. US depended on exportsH3. Us had a right to intervene abroad to

keep foreign market openH4. They feared that the closing of an area

to American products, citizens, or ideas threatened US survival

3A

18.4 America as a World Power

A. Roosevelt the peacemaker

B. Panama Canal

A1. Roosevelt helped negotiate the peace treaty b/w Russia and Japan

A2. Won the noble peace prize

B1. US needed a canal that cut across Central America

B2. US had to get permission from Colombia who ruled Panama

B3. This called for a Panamanian rebellion against Columbia

11A

Roosevelt in Latin America

C. Constructing the canal

D. Roosevelt Corollary

E. Dollar Diplomacy

F. Moral Diplomacy (Missionary Diplomacy)

C1. Cost 380 millionC2. Took ten years to build the canal

D1. Many Latin American countries had borrowed money from European countries to build RRs

D2. Roosevelt thought European countries would try to reclaim their lands

D3. Roosevelt Corollary- US would use force to protect its economic interest in Latin America

D4. Big Stick Diplomacy - willing to use military force

E1. Using the US govt. to guarantee loans made to foreign countries by American business (Taft)

F. Moral obligation- US was to promote moral progress in world. (Wilson)

12D / 10A / 9D