5 23

Bit)

Character)

“ ” (Byte)

Field)

Record)

file structure)

832501 6

30

235/8 30

2253581 7

4000 8

record) 3.5

IDNO 832501 6

NAME 30

ADDR 235/8 30

TELNO 2253581 7

DEBT 4000 8

3.4

3.4 3

008

008

3 sequential file) random file) (index file)

1)

10 3

2)

5

3)

(master file)

6.2 transaction file)

6.3 (table file)

51 4,50052 1,20053 4 M 4,50054 8 M 7,00055 50056 200

inventory master file) customer order master file)

production master file) 3

product code)

product description) product price)

2

(Table)

(Field) (Record)

(Input Data) Table

- Table (- New (

Table

(Wizard)

Traditional file)

Error)

1. (Data Redundancy and confusion)2. Program-data dependence)3. Lack of flexibility)4. Poor security)5. Lack of data sharing and availability)

DATA UNITS)

· bit) 0 1

· character) ASCII 1 8 1

· field)

· record)

· file)

· database)

DATA TYPES)

· Boolean values)

· integers)

· floating-point numbers)

· characters)

· strings)

· date/time)

· binary)

· master files)

· (transaction files)

DATA PROCESSING)

· batch processing)

·

·

FILE ORGANIZATION)

FILE SYSTEMS)

· data redundancy)

· (data inconsistency)

· data isolation)

· (poor security)

· lack of data integrity)

· application / data

dependence)

File Type)

2

1. (Master File)Customer master file)

Supplier master file) (Inventory master file)

Account master file) Account

system)

2. (Transaction file)

Add record) Delete record) Edit)

File organization)

1. (Sequential File organization)

Key field)

1.

1.

2. 2.

2. (Direct or random file organization)

Hard disk)

Direct access) Random Access)

(Index)

(Indexed Sequential Access Method (ISAM)

1.

1.

2. 2.

File Management)Conventional File)

Inventory) Payroll) Billing)

COBOL language) RPG) PASCAL) (C language)

1. (Batch Processing)

10 20

5.4 Interactive)

1.

1.

Update)

2.

2.

2. Interactive)

(Stock)

1.

Data Structure)

2.

2

Physical Data Structure)

1. Primitive Data Types)

- (Integer)

- (Floating point)

- (Boolean)

- (Real)

- (Character)

2. Structure Data Types)

- (Array)

- (Record)

- (File)

Top-down Design) 2

1. (Data Strutcure)

2. (Module Design)

(Coding)

(Integration)

1. Top-Down)

2. (Control Structure)

IF 3. Local Variable)

4. Parameter)

5. Constant Variable)

6.

(Bit)

2 2 0 1 (Binary Digit)

(Byte)

3 000,001,010,100,011,010, 111 8

8 256

(Integer)

20 = 1, 23 = 8 21 + 22 +25 = 2+4+32 = 38

One-complement Notation 0 1 1

0 00100110 = 38 11011001 = -38

Sign Bit 16 Two-complement Notation

1 One-complement Notation11011001 = -38 1 11011010 = -38

-2n-1 2n-1 -1 1000000000000000 = -32768 0000000000000000 = 01000000000000001 = -32767 0000000000000001 = 11000000000000010 = -32766 0000000000000010 = 2

1111111111111101 = -3 0111111111111101 = 327651111111111111110 = -2 0111111111111110 = 327661111111111111111 = -1 0111111111111111 = 32767

(Real Number)

Floating – point Number

Mantissa)

(Exponent) Two – complement Notation

10 01 = 10-2, 6.25 x 10-2 32 24

8 00000000000000000000000000000000 = 000000000000000000000110000000011 = 1200000000000000000000000010111111111 = 0.500000000000000000000010111111010 = 0.00000511111111011010001001111111111110 = -387.53

(Character)

8 Bit String

256 EBCDIC)

A 01000001 = 65 B 01000010 = 66

7 ASCII Code)

AB 0100000101000010

System) Input Process output Feedback

Information system)

1. (Accuracy)

2. Timeliness)

3. (Completeness)

100

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

MIS TPS = Transaction processing Systems)

MRS = Management Reporting System) Grade

report DSS = Decision Support System)

(OIS = Office Information System)

ESS = Executive Support Systems MIS = Management Information Systems DDS = Decision Support Systems OIS = Office Information Systems TPS = Transaction Processing Systems

Data) Process)

(Information) Administrator)

Decision)

1. 2. 2.1

2.2

2.3

• accuracy)

• (relevancy)

• (timeliness)

Data)

(Information)

Processing)

x

5

1. (Numeric Data)

2. Text Data)

3. Audio Data)

4. Images Data)

5. Video Data)

Data Structure)

1. Bit) 0

12. Byte) Character)

1 0,1…9,A, B,…Z 1 8 1 3. Flied) 1

4. Record)

1 5. Flies)

1/1 50

50 6. Database)

3

1.

1.1

1.2

2.

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

3. 3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

(searching)

(Sequencial Search)

2 (Blind Search) (Heuristic Search)

(Blind Search)

(Blind search)

- (exhaustive search)

- (partial search)

(Depth first search) (Breadth first search)

(Depth first search)

(Root node)

(Terminal node)

1

1

()

(pop)

(Breadth first search)

(0) 1 1

23

3

(Queue)

(Heuristic Search)

(heuristic

search)

(heuristic function)

(aspects)

Weak Methods Weak Methods

(general-purpose control