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*DNA Replication Notes
*WARM UP
1. Take out PD and Reading Annotations
2. Take 1 sheet of DNA – Double Helix Game, DNA replication Notes, and 1 laptop per table. Log-on and go to nobelprize.org. Then click on the educational tab on top of the menu
3. Swap and Comment on PDs
DNA Activity
Objective: be the fastest team that makes a copy of DNA with the least amount of nucleotides so that you end up with 2 copies of DNA in the endRules:- No talking during the activity- 2 min to discuss strategy before
activity- When finished, tape your 2 DNA
strands on the white board as shown
- The game does not end until the top 3 teams are established
http://www.online-stopwatch.com/
*Activity Wrap-up
Fun Fact:
Speed of DNA replication in human cells 50bps/sec
Speed of DNA replication in bacterial cells 1000bps/sec
*WARM UP
1. What are some differences and similarities between DNA and RNA
2. Draw how the two strands of DNA align. Label the 5’ (prime) and 3’ (prime) ends.(draw out the molecules) What is this type of alignment called?
3. What is going well in this class so far? What are your criticisms of this class?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bee6PWUgPo8&feature=relmfu
Make copies of DNA
DNA Replication means to
DNA Replication happens when
new cells need to be made
Mitosis and Meiosis
DNA Replication
Parental strand
Daughter stand
DNA goes through a type of replication called semi-conservative replication, which means one strand on the DNA helix is new and the other strand is old
How does DNA replicate?
Step 1: DNA Helix unwinds and the 2 strands separate.
How does DNA replicate?
Step 2: Add free nucleotides that hydrogen bond to the original strand
How does DNA replicate?
Step 3: Phosphates bond with sugar to form the backbone of the new nucleotides
How DNA replicates in prokaryotes
Have one origin of replication
How DNA replicates in eukaryotes
Have multiple origins of replication
The main difference between replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that prokaryotes have one origin of replication and eukaryotes have many
Mechanism of DNA Replication: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=teV62zrm2P0
Replication Bubble: (look in DNA packet)
DNA REPLication Real Time Advanced: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I9ArIJWYZHI
Replication fork:
Primer:
Primase:
Helicase:
• Where the DNA strands split off• Moves with the path of the
replication bubble
Short sequence of RNA that binds to the lagging parental strand in order for DNA polymerase to copy the lagging strnad
A protein that binds to the parental lagging strand to make a primer
A protein that unwinds DNA
Single strand binding protein:
DNA ligase:
DNA polymerase:
A protein that binds each DNA strand to stabilize it and hold it apart
A protein that adds free nucleotides from 5’ to 3’ to make a new strand of DNA. Also fixes mistakes in DNA
A protein that binds the phosphates of nucleic acids to the sugar group of adjacent nucleic acids
How does DNA replicate?
A.Using Conservative replication
B.Using Dispersive replication
C.Using Liberal replication
D.Using Semi-conservative replication
What protein unwinds DNA during DNA
replication?A.DNA Polymerase
B.Helicase
C.Primase
D.Ligase
E.Unwindase
In what strand is DNA synthesized continuously?
A. Leading Strand
B. Following Strand
C. Lagging Strand
D. Continuous Strand
What is the main difference in DNA replication between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
A.Eukaryotes have a nucleus
B.Prokaryotes use conservative replication and Eukaryotes use semi-conservative.
C.Eukaryotes have multiple origins of replication and prokaryotes only have one
D.There is no difference
*PCR – Polymerase Chain Reaction
*PCR – Polymerase Chain Reaction
PCR HIDDEN HISTORY!
*http://www.hulu.com/watch/101375/the-nobel-prize-he-surfs-he-walks-mazes-he-invents-pcr-profile-of-biochemist-kary-mullis
*PCR stands for Polymerase Chain Reaction
*PCR is a scientific technique to amplify (make large copies) of a specific sequence of DNA
*Warm up
*What protein unwinds DNA
*What protein adds nucleotides to make the new strand of DNA
*Draw a general diagram of how DNA replication works or Explain how DNA replication works
*Happy Friday!
*Ingredients of PCR
1. DNA Template
2. dNTPs (deoxyribonucleotide)
3. Taq Polymerase
4. Primers
5. Buffer and MgCl
*PCR STEPS
*http://www.invitrogen.com/site/us/en/home/Products-and-Services/Applications/PCR/pcr-animation.html
*How PCR works
*http://www.invitrogen.com/site/us/en/home/Products-and-Services/Applications/PCR/pcr-animation.html
*The PCR Dance
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