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Mk. LANDUSE PLANNING Soemarno - ppsub 2 maret 2013. GREEN MANMADE AREAS. ZONA TERBANGUN RAMAH LINGKUNGAN. Peredam Cahaya Silau Keefektifan pohon meredam dan melunakkan cahaya matahari tergantung pada ukuran dan kerapatannya . - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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1
ZONA TERBANGUN RAMAH LINGKUNGAN
GREEN MANMADE
AREAS
Mk. LANDUSE PLANNINGSoemarno- ppsub 2 maret 2013
Peredam Cahaya SilauKeefektifan pohon meredam dan
melunakkan cahaya matahari tergantung pada ukuran dan kerapatannya.
Jenis pohon dapat dipilih berdasarkan ketinggian maupun kerimbunan
tajuknya.
What is a Green Building?
Sustainable or “green building” design and
construction is the opportunity to use our resources more efficiently while creating
healthier and more energy-efficient homes.
Although there is no magic formula, success comes in the
form a leaving a lighter footprint on the environment
through conservation of resources, while at the same
time balancing energy-efficient, cost-effective, low-
maintenance products for our construction needs.
FOTO: smno.kampus.ub.jul2012
The green design involves finding the delicate balance between
homebuilding and the sustainable environment.
Zona-terbangun Ramah Lingkungan?
As the green philosophy continues to grow, specifiers will increasingly face pressures to use or not to use certain
products. In a handful of states, proposed regulatory language and tax incentives have already been introduced to
incorporate, or not to incorporate, certain products based on “green” attributes. However, specifiers are cautioned to focus
less on products, and more on a sum of the products as a whole.
The benefits of plastic, with its lightweight and airtight properties, provide specifiers an alternative to some of the
hard-to-find raw materials. With a greater understanding of the variety of plastic compounds and products, specifiers will
have new options for sustainable design efforts.
Green buildingGreen building is the
practice of increasing the efficiency with which
buildings and their sites use and harvest energy, water,
and materials, and reducing building impacts on human health and the environment, through better siting, design,
construction, operation, maintenance, and removal —
the complete building life cycle.
www.treehugger.com/2007/08/26-week/
Green building is also sometimes known as sustainable building or environmental building, although the terms are sometimes defined
or used differently. A similar concept is natural building,
which is usually on a smaller scale and tends to focus on the
use of natural materials that are available locally.
Other commonly used terms include sustainable design and green architecture; however,
while good design is essential to green building, the actual
operation, maintenance, and ultimate disposal or
deconstruction of the building also have very significant effects
on buildings' overall environmental impact.
www.sustainablecitiesnet.com/.../
GREEN BUILDING
blog.cravingstogo.com/category/blog/go-green/
Diminishing natural resources, pollution,
and the ever increasing price of gasoline are just a
few motivating reasons to recycle
and protect our fragile environment.
One way responsible
corporations have taken the green
initiative is through environmentally
sustainable building practices and
materials.
The practice of green building can lead to benefits including :
1. reduced operating costs by increasing productivity and using less energy and water,
2. improved public and occupant health due to improved indoor air quality, and
3. reduced environment impacts by, lessening storm water runoff and the heat island effect.
www.envspgroup.com/Services/air_quality.htm
Green building is an essential component of the related
concepts of sustainable design, sustainable development and
general sustainability.Practitioners of green building often seek to achieve not only
ecological but aesthetic harmony between a structure
and its surrounding natural and built environment.
The appearance and style of sustainable homes and buildings can be nearly
indistinguishable from their less sustainable counterparts.
Sustainable design strives to balance development, social
equality, ecology, and economics.
www.erdc.usace.army.mil/pls/erdcpub/www_fact_...
Green building is increasingly being
governed and driven by
standards, such as
the Leadership in Energy and
Environmental Design (LEED) rating system
developed by the U.S. Green
Building Council.
TEORI FOTOSINTESIS
Tanaman tebu Saccharum officinarum sangat efisien
menghasilkan sukrose yang berlebihan
jumlahnya.
Proses ini menangkap energi radiasi matahari
dan mengubahnya menjadi senyawa organik,
glukose.
Proses ini disebut FOTOSINTESIS.
12caltonfoundations.wordpress.com/green-building/
The environmental impact of buildings
Buildings have a profound effect on the environment, which is why
green building practices are so important to reduce and perhaps one day eliminate those impacts.
In the United States alone, buildings account for:
39 % of total energy use 12 % of total water consumption
68 % of total electricity consumption
38 % of total carbon dioxide emissions
Green Building Design Elements
1. Foundations 2. Electrical 3. Plumbing 4. Flooring 5. Decking, Fencing & Railing 6. Roofing 7. Insulation 8. Wall 9. Coverings 10.Windows 11. Siding 12.Acoustics 13.Doors 14.Finishing
PRAKTEK BANGUNAN HIJAU
Green building brings together a vast array of practices and techniques to reduce and ultimately eliminate the impacts
of buildings on the environment. On the aesthetic side of green architecture or sustainable
design is the philosophy of designing a building that in harmony with the natural features and resources
surrounding the site.
There are several key steps in designing sustainable buildings: specify 'green' building materials from local
sources, reduce loads, optimize systems, and generate on-site renewable energy.
Building materials typically considered to be 'green' include rapidly renewable plant materials like bamboo
and straw, lumber from forests certified to be sustainably managed, stone, recycled metal, and other
products that are non-toxic, reusable, renewable, and/or recyclable.
Building materials should be extracted and manufactured locally to the building site to minimize
the energy embedded in their transportation.
greenbydesign.com/.../
Low-impact building materials are used wherever feasible: for example, insulation may be made from low VOC (volatile organic compound)-
emitting materials such as recycled denim, rather than the insulation materials that may contain
carcinogenic or toxic materials such as formaldehyde.
To discourage insect damage, these alternate insulation materials may be treated with boric
acid. Organic or milk-based paints may be used.
APA KONSTRUKSI HIJAU?
Sustainable or “green building” design and construction is the opportunity to use our resources more efficiently,
while creating healthier and more energy-efficient homes.
The success comes in the form of leaving a lighter footprint on the environment through conservation of resources, while at the same time balancing energy-
efficient, cost-effective, low-maintenance products for our construction needs.
APA KONSTRUKSI HIJAU?
Green building design involves finding the
delicate balance between homebuilding
and the sustainable environment.
Learn more about reducing global
warming.
FOTO: smno.kampus.ub. janu2013
Architectural salvage and reclaimed materials
are used when appropriate as well.
When older buildings are demolished,
frequently any good wood is reclaimed,
renewed, and sold as flooring.
Many other parts are reused as well, such as
doors, windows, mantels, and hardware,
thus reducing the consumption of new
goods.
When new materials are employed, green designers look for materials that are rapidly replenished, such as bamboo, which can be harvested for commercial use after only 6 years of growth, or cork oak, in
which only the outer bark is removed for use, thus
preserving the tree.
When possible, building materials may be gleaned
from the site itself; for example, if a new structure
is being constructed in a wooded area, wood from
the trees which were cut to make room for the building would be re-used as part of
the building itself.
www.travelpod.com/.../1254886332/tpod.html
To minimize the energy loads within and on the structure, it is critical to orient the building to
take advantage of cooling breezes and sunlight. Daylighting
with ample windows will eliminate the need to turn on electric lights during the day
(and provide great views outside too).
Passive Solar can warm a building in the winter - but care
needs to be taken to provide shade in the summer time to
prevent overheating. Prevailing breezes and convection currents can passively cool the building in
the summer.
riverstonehomesny.com/green_design.htm
22
Passive Solar Design:
plays a crucial role in using the sun’s energy to help heat the home in the winter while
shading it from the sun during the summer months.
This is accomplished with two basic strategies: lot design
and extended roof overhangs. Lot design is utilized through proper orientation of southern facing windows to the sun. In addition, existing or planned vegitation can be utilized in
order to allow in or block sun and wind. Overhangs are
extended in order to maximize the sun's energy in the winter
and minimizing in the summer.
Geothermal Heating and Cooling: the earth beneath us
offers us a relatively stable temperature that we can use
as a heat sink or a heat source as needed.
Geothermal heat pumps capitalize on this fact and
greatly reduce the need for fossil fuels to heat and cool
our houses. This greatly reduces the home’s energy
use, resulting in dramatically reduced utility bills and lower
production of green house gases. As an alternative,
increasing the effectiveness of the insulation and air
barriers can reduce energy needs for heating and cooling to a point where a modulating
high-efficiency natural gas furnace could be used at a
significant savings.
Insulated Concrete Forms (ICF):
by using insulated concrete forms to build
the exterior walls of the home, we can use their inherent high R-value and very low air infiltration property to
greatly reduce the overall energy load needed to heat and cool our homes.
Heat Recovery Ventilator:
due to the superior air barrier qualities of the ICF and
cellulose insulation, our homes need to be vented and allowed
to breathe.Standard mechanical systems
vent conditioned air (i.e. heated indoor air in the winter, cooled indoor air in the summer) to the
outside and bring in unconditioned air which must
then be heated or cooled. Heat recovery ventilators allow us to bring in fresh outside air and pre-condition it with the air
that we are ventilating.
Thermal mass stores heat gained during the day and
releases it at night minimizing the swings in temperature.
Thermal mass can both heat the building in winter and cool
it during the summer. Insulation is the final step to
optimizing the structure. Well-insulated windows,
doors, and walls help reduce energy loss, thereby reducing
energy usage.
These design features don't cost much money to construct and significantly reduce the energy needed to make the
building comfortable.
www.postfarm.ca/PFS/green.php
The Dream Green Barn will feature:
Structural Insulated wall panels for minimum heat loss and
efficiency Reflection Insulation via pure
aluminum radiant barrier Energy efficient lighting with
high output fluorescent lighting Natural barn environment
ventilation featuring natural chimney vent and cathedral ceiling via a scissor truss
design Stall and wall planking featuring
a recycled plastic plank Horse mattress consisting of
recycled rubber
Optimizing the heating and cooling systems through
installing energy efficient machinery, commissioning, and heat recovery is the next step.
Compared to optimizing the passive heating and cooling features through design, the
gains made by engineering are relatively expensive and can add significantly to the projects cost.
However, thoughtful integrated design can reduce costs -- for example, once a building has
been designed to be more energy-efficient, it may be
possible to downsize heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) equipment, leading to
substantial savings.
acminisplitblog.com/
To further address energy loss hot water heat recycling is used to
reduce energy usage for domestic water heating.
Ground source heat pumps are more energy efficient then other
forms of heating and cooling until you factor in the energy lost
during generation and transmission if the project is on
the grid.
Finally, onsite generation of renewable energy through solar
power, wind power, hydro power, or biomass can significantly
reduce the environmental impact of the building.
Power generation is the most expensive feature to add to a
building.www.treehugger.com/2008/07/27-week/
Good green architecture also reduces waste, of energy,
water and materials. During the construction phase, one goal should be to reduce the amount of
material going to landfills.
Well-designed buildings also help reduce the amount
of waste generated by the occupants as well, by
providing onsite solutions such as
compost bins to reduce matter going to landfills.
kodokloncatz.co.cc/anggitadwiyani/
Green building often emphasizes taking
advantage of renewable resources, e.g., using
sunlight through passive solar, active solar, and
photovoltaic techniques and using plants and trees
through green roofs, rain gardens, and for reduction
of rainwater run-off.
Many other techniques, such as using packed gravel for parking lots instead of
concrete or asphalt to enhance replenishment of ground water, are used as
well.
Green building worldwideStandards and ratings
Many countries have developed their own standards of energy efficiency for buildings.
Code for Sustainable Homes, United Kingdom EnerGuide for Houses, Canada (energy retrofits & up-grades)
EnerGuide for New Houses, Canada (new construction) Green Building Council of Australia's Green Star
Haute Qualité Environnementale, France House Energy Rating, Australia
Green Globes, USA, Canada and United Kingdom Minergie, Switzerland
National Association of Home Builders Green Building Guidelines, USA Passivhaus, Germany, Austria, United Kingdom
EEWH, Taiwan
AustraliaThere is a system in place in Australia called First Rate designed to increase
energy efficiency of residential buildings. The Green Building Council of Australia (GBCA) has developed a green building
standard known as Green Star..
In Adelaide, South Australia, there are at least two different projects that
incorporate the principles of Green building. The Eco-City development is
located in Adelaide's city centre and the Aldinga Arts Eco Village is located in
Aldinga. Guidelines for building developments in each project are outlined
in the bylaws. The bylaws include grey water reuse, reuse of stormwater, capture
of rainwater, use of solar panels for electricity and hotwater, solar passive
building design and community gardens and landscaping.
33
CanadaCanada has implemented "r2000" guidelines for new buildings built
after the year 2000. Incentives are offered to builders to meet the r2000 standard in an effort to increase energy efficiency and
promote sustainability. In December 2002, Canada formed the Canada Green Building Council and in July 2003 obtained an
exclusive licence from the US Green Building Council to adapt the LEED rating system to Canadian circumstances.
Beamish-Munro Hall at Queen's University features sustainable construction methods such as high fly-ash concrete, triple-glazed
windows, dimmable fluorescent lights and a grid-tied photovoltaic array.
34
Germany
German developments that employ green building techniques include:
The Solarsiedlung (Solar Village) in Freiburg, Germany, which features
energy-plus houses. The Vauban development, also in
Freiburg.
Houses designed by Baufritz, incorporating passive solar design, heavily insulated walls, triple-glaze
doors and windows, non-toxic paints and finishes, summer shading, heat recovery ventilation, and greywater
treatment systems.The new Reichstag building in Berlin, which produces its own
energy.
www.rsc.org/.../February/AgendaForInnovation.asp
INDIA: ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDINGS
IN INDIA
The Confederation of Indian Industry plays an active role in promoting
sustainability in the Indian construction sector.
There are many energy efficient buildings in India,
situated in a variety of climatic zones.
www.bajajecotec.com/?page=igbc_cert
36
Malaysia
The Standards and Industrial Research Institute of Malaysia (SIRIM)
promotes green building techniques.
Malaysian architect Ken Yeang is a
prominent voice in the area of ecological
design.
United States
The United States Green Building Council (USGBC) has developed The
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Green
Building Rating System™, which is the nationally accepted benchmark for the design, construction, and operation of
high performance green buildings. LEED gives building owners and
operators the tools they need to have an immediate and measurable impact on
their buildings’ performance. LEED promotes a whole-building
approach to sustainability by recognizing performance in five key areas of human and environmental
health: sustainable site development, water savings, energy efficiency, materials selection, and indoor
environmental quality. www.arlingtonva.us/.../page58309.aspx
38
They have developed specific versions of the LEED rating system to assist specific building types in achieving certification. Some of the
commercially available systems are:
LEED-NC: New Construction and Major Renovations (the most commonly applied-for LEED certification)[6]
LEED-CI: Commercial Interiors LEED-CS: Core/Shell)
LEED-EB: Existing Buildings LEED-Homes
Other versions that will soon be released for public consumption are:LEED-ND: Neighborhood Developments
LEED for Schools LEED for Healthcare
LEED for Labs LEED for Retail
39
A Framework for Energy Improvements
In the context of climate change, energy is the most
significant area of assessment within Green Globes-CIEB. A combined focus on energy use, building features and
management helps to pinpoint where performance is lacking and what corrective action is
required. The system uses the EPA’s Portfolio Manager to determine a consumption target in k/Btus for each building type, and, where
appropriate, buildings must meet a minimum performance target of 75 percent based on the comparable EPA Target
Finder building.
www.edcmag.com/Articles/Column/BNP_GUID_9-5-2...
40
Green Globes-CIEB is being pilot-tested in the U.S. this year.
The goal is to demonstrate that it provides the combination of a
credible baseline and guidance that allows users to plan with accuracy
the interventions required to achieve measured reductions in energy
consumption for existing buildings.
In the first six weeks after the launch of the pilot, the GBI registered 111 users, and 34 buildings began the
assessment process. This supports our belief not only in the
urgent need for practical and cost-effective tools such as Green
Globes-CIEB, but in the ability of such tools to transform the market from one in which green building leads to valuable but imprecise
benefits, to one in which it defines the path for achieving specific and
measured environmental goals.
duckdown.blogspot.com/2008_06_01_archive.html
41
The Green Building Initiative is a non-profit network of
building industry leaders committed to bringing green to mainstream
residential and commercial construction.
The GBI believes in building approaches that are
environmentally progressive, but also
practical and affordable for builders to implement.
The GBI has developed an easy to use, inexpensive
and web-based rating tool called Green Globes,
which is being upgraded in accordance with ANSI
procedures.www.klmgroup.com.au/ar_08/areas.htm
42
The United States Environmental Protection Agency
's EnergyStar program rates commercial buildings for energy efficiency and
provides EnergyStar qualifications for new homes that meet their standards for energy
efficient building design.
ShoreBank, an American community development bank, has pioneered lending to
developers for Green Building projects and
energy audits of existing structures.
small-house-building.com/wisely-using-earths-...
43
In 2005, Washington became the first state in the U.S. to enact green building legislation.
According to the law, all major public agency facilities with a floor area exceeding 5,000 square feet (465 m²), including state funded school buildings, are required to meet or exceed LEED standards
in construction or renovation.
The projected benefits from this law are:20% annual savings in energy costs
20% reduction in water costs 38% reduction in waste water production
22% reduction in construction waste
44
In 2006, Charlottesville, VA became one of the first small
towns in the US to enact green building legislation.
This presents a significant shift in construction and architecture as LEED regulations have formerly
been focused on commercial construction.
If US homeowner interest grows in "green" residential
construction, the companies involved in the production and
manufacturing of LEED building materials will become likely
candidates for tomorrow's round of private equity and IPO
investing.
www.calumetconstruction.com/about_us.html
45
Active solar BedZED - Zero-carbon
building in the UK Brise soleil
Cobb Hill Cohousing Deconstruction (building)
Domotics Earthship
Ecocity Ecological living
Ecopolis Environmental planning
Energy-plus-house Geo-exchange
Green architecture Green highway
Green technology
snapshot-ap.tumblr.com/
46
International Initiative for a Sustainable Built Environment
(iiSBE) Low-energy house
Metal Roofing Alliance Natural building
Natural Capital Center Green redevelopment of a building
on the National Register Paragon Space Development Green building engineering
Passive house Passive solar Photovoltaics
Self-build Sustainability
Sustainable design Sustainable development
Sustainable habitatZero-energy building
Buildings are major energy consumers, accounting for 40 percent of all energy use in the United States. Starting in the 1970s, concerns about spiking oil prices led the
federal government to research methods to improve the energy efficiency of buildings, spur the development of renewable energy sources and foster environmentally friendly
business practices. The focus on green building wavered in the years that followed,
as oil prices slid. But in recent times, concerns about climate change and rising energy costs have lent fresh momentum to
sustainable building practices among a growing number of designers, contractors,
real estate developers, environmental groups and public policymakers. Buildings
are responsible for 38 percent of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the U.S., more
than the transportation or industrial sectors, according to the U.S. Green Building
Council.
www.dezeen.com/.../
Italian architects AKA architetti have
won a competition for
a low-energy wooden house.
blog.architectureaddiction.com/.../07/03/p229
Ramah lingkungan = hemat
Fakta akibat pemanasan global mendorong lahirnya berbagai inovasi
produk industri terus berkembang dalam dunia arsitektur dan bahan bangunan. Konsep pembangunan arsitektur hijau
menekankan peningkatan efisiensi dalam penggunaan air, energi, dan
material bangunan, mulai dari desain, pembangunan, hingga pemeliharaan
bangunan itu ke depan.
Desain rancang bangunan memerhatikan banyak bukaan untuk memaksimalkan sirkulasi udara dan
cahaya alami. Sedikit mungkin menggunakan penerangan lampu dan
pengondisi udara pada siang hari.
Desain bangunan hemat energi, membatasi lahan terbangun, layout sederhana, ruang mengalir, kualitas
bangunan bermutu, efisiensi bahan, dan material ramah lingkungan. Atap-atap
bangunan dikembangkan menjadi taman atap (roof garden, green roof) yang memiliki nilai ekologis tinggi (suhu
udara turun, pencemaran berkurang, ruang hijau bertambah).
The LEED program breaks Green into the following eight categories:
1. Innovation and Design Process
2. Location and Linkages3. Water Efficiency4. Sustainable Sites5. Energy and Atmosphere6. Materials and Resources7. Indoor Environmental
Quality8. Awareness and Education
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