The Middle Colonies (Restoration Colonies) New York Pennsylvania New Jersey Delaware

The Middle ColoniesThe Middle Colonies(Restoration Colonies)(Restoration Colonies)

•New York•Pennsylvania•New Jersey•Delaware

English Line of SuccessionEnglish Line of Succession House of StuartHouse of Stuart

James I (1603-1625)James I (1603-1625) Charles I (1625-1649)Charles I (1625-1649)

CommonwealthCommonwealth Council of State (1649-1653)Council of State (1649-1653) Oliver Cromwell (1653-1658)Oliver Cromwell (1653-1658) Richard Cromwell (1658-1659)Richard Cromwell (1658-1659)

Restoration of the House of StuartRestoration of the House of Stuart Charles II (1660-1685)Charles II (1660-1685) James II (1685-1688)James II (1685-1688) William III (1689-1702)William III (1689-1702) Mary II (1689-1694)Mary II (1689-1694)

New Netherlands Becomes New Netherlands Becomes a British Royal Colonya British Royal Colony

Charles II granted New Netherland’s land to his brother, the Duke of York, [before he controlled the area!]

1664 English soldiers arrived. Dutch had little ammunition and poor defenses. forced to surrender without firing a shot.

Renamed “New York” England gained strategic harbor between her

northern & southern colonies. England now controlled the Atlantic coast!

Duke of YorkDuke of York’’s Original s Original CharterCharter

Pennsylvania(Another restoration colony)(Another restoration colony)

The QuakersThe Quakers Called Quakers because they “quaked”

during intense religious practices. They offended religious & secular leaders

in England. Refused to pay taxes to support the Church

of England. They met without paid clergy Believed all were children of God refused

to treat the upper classes with deference. Keep hats on. Addressed them as commoners ”thees”/“thous.” Wouldn’t take oaths. Pacifists.

William PennWilliam Penn Aristocratic Englishman. 1660 – attracted to

the Quaker faith. Embraced Quakerism

after military service. 1681 he received a

grant from king toestablish a colony. This settled a debt the king owed his father. Named Pennsylvania [“Penn’s Woodland”].

Actively advertised to Dutch and Germans Religious freedom, cheap land

Pennsylvanian SocietyPennsylvanian SocietyAttracted many different peopleAttracted many different people

Religious misfits from other colonies.Religious misfits from other colonies.

Many different ethnic groups.Many different ethnic groups.

No provision for military defense.No provision for military defense.

No restrictions on immigration.No restrictions on immigration.

No slavery!!No slavery!!

Got along well with Native AmericansGot along well with Native Americans

New JerseyNew Jersey

DelawareDelaware

Economics of the Middle Economics of the Middle ColoniesColonies

Exported lots of foodExported lots of food Wheat, corn, rye, oatsWheat, corn, rye, oats Longer growing seasonLonger growing season

Religion in the Middle Religion in the Middle ColoniesColonies No established church No established church

dominated the middle dominated the middle coloniescolonies Diverse Diverse

population=many population=many religionsreligions

1750, region had 1750, region had more congregations more congregations per capita than any per capita than any other colonial region, other colonial region, even New Englandeven New England

The Colonial SouthThe Colonial South

The CarolinasThe Carolinas

Named for King Charles II.Named for King Charles II.

The King granted Carolina to 8 supportersThe King granted Carolina to 8 supporters They hoped to use Carolina to supply their plantations in They hoped to use Carolina to supply their plantations in

Barbados with food and export wine, silk, and olive oil to Barbados with food and export wine, silk, and olive oil to Europe.Europe.

Charles Town (Charleston) would become busiest port in Charles Town (Charleston) would become busiest port in the souththe south

The CarolinasThe Carolinas(more Restoration Colonies)(more Restoration Colonies)

Crops of the Crops of the Carolinas: RiceCarolinas: Rice

The primary export.

Rice was still an exotic food in England.

Was grown in Africa, so planters imported West African slaves.

These slaves had a genetic trait that made them partially immune to malaria.

By 1710 black slaves were a majority in Carolina.

Crops of theCrops of theCarolinas: IndigoCarolinas: Indigo

In colonial times, the main use for indigo was as a dye for spun cotton threads that were woven into cloth for clothes.

Today in the US, the main use for indigo is a dye for cotton work clothes & blue jeans.

GeorgiaGeorgia

Georgia--The Georgia--The ““BufferBuffer”” ColonyColony

Last colony foundedLast colony founded

Named for King George IINamed for King George II

Chief Purpose of Creating Chief Purpose of Creating Georgia:Georgia:

As a As a ““bufferbuffer”” between the between the valuable Carolinas & Spanish valuable Carolinas & Spanish Florida & French Louisiana.Florida & French Louisiana.

A haven for debtors A haven for debtors thrown in to prison.thrown in to prison.

Southern EconomySouthern Economy Based on Based on cash cropscash crops Chesapeake (Virginia Chesapeake (Virginia

& Maryland): & Maryland): tobaccotobacco

N. Carlolina, S. N. Carlolina, S. Carolina, Georgia: Carolina, Georgia: rice, indigorice, indigo

West Indies: sugar West Indies: sugar canecane

Social and Political Social and Political HierarchyHierarchy

Wealthy, slave-Wealthy, slave-owning Planter owning Planter ClassClass

Farmers who Farmers who didndidn’’t own t own slavesslaves

WomenWomen Indentured Indentured

servantsservants SlavesSlaves

Religion in the Southern Religion in the Southern ColoniesColonies

• Mainly Anglican

– Anglican church was the official religion and public funds paid the clergy

– Colonists not members of the Anglican Church were labeled as “dissenters”

• Non-Anglican southerners tended to be from the lower classes

Picture of the South in the Picture of the South in the 17001700’’s:s:

Large slave populationLarge slave population Few large cities. Why?Few large cities. Why? Stratified society: wealthy planters, Stratified society: wealthy planters,

poor whites, blackspoor whites, blacks Role of women?Role of women? Indentured servants?Indentured servants?