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The Middle ColoniesThe Middle Colonies(Restoration Colonies)(Restoration Colonies)
•New York•Pennsylvania•New Jersey•Delaware
English Line of SuccessionEnglish Line of Succession House of StuartHouse of Stuart
James I (1603-1625)James I (1603-1625) Charles I (1625-1649)Charles I (1625-1649)
CommonwealthCommonwealth Council of State (1649-1653)Council of State (1649-1653) Oliver Cromwell (1653-1658)Oliver Cromwell (1653-1658) Richard Cromwell (1658-1659)Richard Cromwell (1658-1659)
Restoration of the House of StuartRestoration of the House of Stuart Charles II (1660-1685)Charles II (1660-1685) James II (1685-1688)James II (1685-1688) William III (1689-1702)William III (1689-1702) Mary II (1689-1694)Mary II (1689-1694)
New Netherlands Becomes New Netherlands Becomes a British Royal Colonya British Royal Colony
Charles II granted New Netherland’s land to his brother, the Duke of York, [before he controlled the area!]
1664 English soldiers arrived. Dutch had little ammunition and poor defenses. forced to surrender without firing a shot.
Renamed “New York” England gained strategic harbor between her
northern & southern colonies. England now controlled the Atlantic coast!
Duke of YorkDuke of York’’s Original s Original CharterCharter
Pennsylvania(Another restoration colony)(Another restoration colony)
The QuakersThe Quakers Called Quakers because they “quaked”
during intense religious practices. They offended religious & secular leaders
in England. Refused to pay taxes to support the Church
of England. They met without paid clergy Believed all were children of God refused
to treat the upper classes with deference. Keep hats on. Addressed them as commoners ”thees”/“thous.” Wouldn’t take oaths. Pacifists.
William PennWilliam Penn Aristocratic Englishman. 1660 – attracted to
the Quaker faith. Embraced Quakerism
after military service. 1681 he received a
grant from king toestablish a colony. This settled a debt the king owed his father. Named Pennsylvania [“Penn’s Woodland”].
Actively advertised to Dutch and Germans Religious freedom, cheap land
Pennsylvanian SocietyPennsylvanian SocietyAttracted many different peopleAttracted many different people
Religious misfits from other colonies.Religious misfits from other colonies.
Many different ethnic groups.Many different ethnic groups.
No provision for military defense.No provision for military defense.
No restrictions on immigration.No restrictions on immigration.
No slavery!!No slavery!!
Got along well with Native AmericansGot along well with Native Americans
New JerseyNew Jersey
DelawareDelaware
Economics of the Middle Economics of the Middle ColoniesColonies
Exported lots of foodExported lots of food Wheat, corn, rye, oatsWheat, corn, rye, oats Longer growing seasonLonger growing season
Religion in the Middle Religion in the Middle ColoniesColonies No established church No established church
dominated the middle dominated the middle coloniescolonies Diverse Diverse
population=many population=many religionsreligions
1750, region had 1750, region had more congregations more congregations per capita than any per capita than any other colonial region, other colonial region, even New Englandeven New England
The Colonial SouthThe Colonial South
The CarolinasThe Carolinas
Named for King Charles II.Named for King Charles II.
The King granted Carolina to 8 supportersThe King granted Carolina to 8 supporters They hoped to use Carolina to supply their plantations in They hoped to use Carolina to supply their plantations in
Barbados with food and export wine, silk, and olive oil to Barbados with food and export wine, silk, and olive oil to Europe.Europe.
Charles Town (Charleston) would become busiest port in Charles Town (Charleston) would become busiest port in the souththe south
The CarolinasThe Carolinas(more Restoration Colonies)(more Restoration Colonies)
Crops of the Crops of the Carolinas: RiceCarolinas: Rice
The primary export.
Rice was still an exotic food in England.
Was grown in Africa, so planters imported West African slaves.
These slaves had a genetic trait that made them partially immune to malaria.
By 1710 black slaves were a majority in Carolina.
Crops of theCrops of theCarolinas: IndigoCarolinas: Indigo
In colonial times, the main use for indigo was as a dye for spun cotton threads that were woven into cloth for clothes.
Today in the US, the main use for indigo is a dye for cotton work clothes & blue jeans.
GeorgiaGeorgia
Georgia--The Georgia--The ““BufferBuffer”” ColonyColony
Last colony foundedLast colony founded
Named for King George IINamed for King George II
Chief Purpose of Creating Chief Purpose of Creating Georgia:Georgia:
As a As a ““bufferbuffer”” between the between the valuable Carolinas & Spanish valuable Carolinas & Spanish Florida & French Louisiana.Florida & French Louisiana.
A haven for debtors A haven for debtors thrown in to prison.thrown in to prison.
Southern EconomySouthern Economy Based on Based on cash cropscash crops Chesapeake (Virginia Chesapeake (Virginia
& Maryland): & Maryland): tobaccotobacco
N. Carlolina, S. N. Carlolina, S. Carolina, Georgia: Carolina, Georgia: rice, indigorice, indigo
West Indies: sugar West Indies: sugar canecane
Social and Political Social and Political HierarchyHierarchy
Wealthy, slave-Wealthy, slave-owning Planter owning Planter ClassClass
Farmers who Farmers who didndidn’’t own t own slavesslaves
WomenWomen Indentured Indentured
servantsservants SlavesSlaves
Religion in the Southern Religion in the Southern ColoniesColonies
• Mainly Anglican
– Anglican church was the official religion and public funds paid the clergy
– Colonists not members of the Anglican Church were labeled as “dissenters”
• Non-Anglican southerners tended to be from the lower classes
Picture of the South in the Picture of the South in the 17001700’’s:s:
Large slave populationLarge slave population Few large cities. Why?Few large cities. Why? Stratified society: wealthy planters, Stratified society: wealthy planters,
poor whites, blackspoor whites, blacks Role of women?Role of women? Indentured servants?Indentured servants?
