One gene one protein. Learning Intentions: What are proteins? What are proteins used for? What are...

One gene one protein

Learning Intentions:

•What are proteins?

•What are proteins used for?

•What are the basic units of proteins?

•What codes for an amino acid

•What determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein molecule?

Chromosomes, Genes and DNA

DNA and the genetic code

I can state genes are made of DNA which carries the instructions to make proteins. I can explain how bases in the DNA structure code for amino acids I can state that proteins are made from chains of amino acids I can describe how sections of DNA are copied in the nucleus

Why are cells different?

An oak tree has about 30 different types of cells.

How many different types of cells are humans made of?

Our bodies have more than 300 different types of cells.

Why do cells have different characteristics?

Why are cells different?

Different types of cells produce different types of proteins.

Enzymes in plants control photosynthesis.

Keratin is a protein in hair, nails and some skin cells.

Elastin and collagen are other proteins in skin.

Outer shells of insects contain

hardening proteins.

What are proteins made of?

Proteins are long molecules made from chemical units called amino acids.

protein molecule

amino acidWhat happens if amino acids are combined in a different order?

Different combinations of amino acids make different proteins.

Connecting proteins and genes

Consider the following two statements…

Genes carry the instructions for

inherited characteristics.

Cells have different characteristics because

they make different types of proteins.

What is the connection between genes and proteins?

Genes contain the instructions for making proteins.

What molecule has the instructions for making proteins?

How do genes make proteins?

Genes are made of DNA. Proteins are made of amino acids.

Each amino acid is coded for by its own special sequence of three bases called a triplet:

triplet amino acid

The amino acids join together to form a protein molecule.

Each gene contains the sequence of bases for one protein.

The order of triplets in a gene determines the sequence of amino acids.

Why is the sequence of bases in DNA called the genetic code?

The genetic code is the order of DNA bases which determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein.

How many triplets code for a protein of 20 amino acids? 1 amino acid = 1 triplet

20 amino acids = 20 triplets

How many bases code for a protein of 20 amino acids?

Build your own protein molecule

DNA mutations and proteins

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases in DNA.

Mutations can be caused by mistakes in copying DNA or the effects of radiation and heavy metal ions.

Will the mutated version of DNA make the same protein?

mutation

DNA mutations and proteins

A DNA mutation changes the amino acid sequenceand so a different protein may be produced.

If genes produce incorrect proteins, cells may not function properly. This is the cause of many inherited diseases.

Genetic code quiz

Build your own protein

• Base Dice

• DNA Base Menu

• Bag of peptide bonds

Instructions1. Roll the base dice to fill in the base line,

do this slowly and carefully.

2. Use the base menu to fill in the amino acid boxes

3. Read the information under the amino acid chain.

4. Begin making your own chain by choosing the amino acids you have written down.

One gene one protein. Learning Intentions: What are proteins? What are proteins used for? What are...

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