Prokaryotes and

Eukaryotes

Notes

Two main types of cells…

1.Prokaryotes

2.Eukaryotes

The Diversity of LifeBegins with

simple prokaryotic cells

complex eukaryotic cells

Ends with

The Six KingdomsProkaryotic Eukaryotic

1. Eubacteria (Monera) 1. Animals

2. Archaebacteria 2. Plants

3. Fungi 4. Protista

Prokaryotes (pro = before, karyote = nucleus before there was a nucleus)

• The Earth’s first living things

• The simplest life forms exhibiting (showing) cellular structures

• The Earth’s most abundant inhabitants

Prokaryotes• Prokaryotes can survive in a wide range of

environments – can withstand extreme temperatures– extreme pH levels– can live in areas of no oxygen or no water

• obtain their energy in a variety of ways

-some can make their own food (autotrophs)

-some have to find their food (heterotrophs)

Archaebacteria

Hot Spring (Yellowstone National Park)

Hot Spring (Yellowstone National Park)

Boiling Mudpot: Lassen Volcanic National Park, California

Volcano

Antarctica

ProkaryotesProkaryotic cells exist in two major kingdom:

– Eubacteria (Monera)• Most of the common bacteria

that are found everywhere

– Archaebacteria (archae=ancient or old)• Ancient bacteria that

live in very extreme conditions only found in certain places on Earth.

Eukaryotes (eu = true, karyote = nucleus they have a real or true nucleus)

• Eukaryotes arose from prokaryotes and developed into larger and more complex organisms.

• Examples include some unicellular protists to multicellular fungi, plants, and animals.

• HINT: Remember YOU are a EUKARYOTE!

Age• Prokaryotes: Older- 3.5 billion yrs

• Eukaryotes: Younger- 1.5 billion yrs

Cell Size• Prokaryotes: very,VERY small

• Eukaryotes: very small to large

Covering around genetic material and other cell parts

• Prokaryotes: no membrane covering around the genetic material (DNA) and other cell parts

•No Nucleus

• Eukaryotes:– membrane-bound nucleus (with

DNA) and other membrane-bound cell parts.

Cell parts• Prokaryotes:

–Only a few types of cell parts–Simple

• Eukaryotes:–Many different cell parts –Complex