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Pro
kary
otes
vs.
Euk
aryo
tes
Pro
kary
otes
vs.
Euk
aryo
tes
Prok
aryo
tic
Cells
Prok
aryo
tic
Cells
-Pro
kary
otes
incl
ude
the
king
dom
s ofM
oner
a(s
impl
e ba
cter
ia).
Sim
ply
stat
ed, p
roka
ryot
es a
re m
olec
ules
surr
ound
ed b
y a
mem
bran
e an
d ce
ll w
all.
Prok
aryo
tic c
ells
lack
cha
ract
eris
ticeu
kary
otic
subc
ellu
larm
embr
ane
encl
osed
"or
gane
lles"
, but
may
co
ntai
n m
embr
ane
syst
ems i
nsid
e a
cell
wal
l.
-Pro
kary
otic
cel
ls m
ay h
ave
phot
osyn
thet
ic p
igm
ents
, suc
h as
is
foun
d in
cyan
obac
teria
("bl
ue b
acte
ria")
. Som
e pr
okar
yotic
cel
ls
have
ext
erna
l whi
p-lik
e fla
gella
for l
ocom
otio
n or
hai
r lik
epi
lifo
r adh
esio
n. P
roka
ryot
ic c
ells
com
e in
mul
tiple
shap
es: c
occi
(rou
nd),
bacc
illi(
rods
), an
dsp
irilla
or sp
iroch
etes
(hel
ical
cel
ls).
Euk
aryo
tic
Cel
lsE
ukar
yoti
c C
ells
Bas
ic st
ruct
ure
The
basi
ceu
kary
otic
cell
cont
ains
the
follo
win
g:
1.pl
asm
a m
embr
ane
2.gl
ycoc
alyx
(com
pone
nts e
xter
nal t
o th
e pl
asm
a m
embr
ane)
3.cy
topl
asm
(sem
iflui
d)
4.cy
tosk
elet
on-m
icro
filam
ents
and
mic
rotu
bule
s tha
t sus
pend
or
gane
lles,
give
shap
e, a
nd a
llow
mot
ion
5.pr
esen
ce o
f cha
ract
eris
tic m
embr
ane
encl
osed
subc
ellu
lar
orga
nelle
s
Org
anel
les
(Par
ts o
f th
e C
ell)
Org
anel
les
(Par
ts o
f th
e C
ell)
1.
Cel
l Mem
bran
e
A li
pid/
prot
ein
/car
boh
ydra
te c
ompl
ex,
prov
idin
g a
barr
ier
and
con
tain
ing
tran
spor
t an
d si
gnal
ing
syst
ems.
Nu
cleu
s
Dou
ble
mem
bran
e su
rrou
ndi
ng
the
chro
mos
omes
an
d th
e n
ucl
eolu
s. P
ores
allo
w
spec
ific
com
mu
nic
atio
n w
ith
th
e cy
topl
asm
. Th
e n
ucl
eolu
s is
a s
ite
for
syn
thes
is o
f R
NA
mak
ing
up
the
ribo
som
e.
Mito
chon
dria
Mito
chon
dria
Surr
oun
ded
by a
dou
ble
mem
bran
e w
ith
a s
erie
s of
fo
lds
calle
d cr
ista
e. F
un
ctio
ns
in e
ner
gy p
rodu
ctio
nth
rou
gh m
etab
olis
m. C
onta
ins
its
own
DN
A, a
nd
is
belie
ved
to h
ave
orig
inat
ed a
s a
capt
ure
d ba
cter
ium
.
Roug
h en
dopl
asm
icre
ticul
um(R
ER)
A n
etw
ork
of in
terc
onn
ecte
d m
embr
anes
for
min
g ch
ann
els
wit
hin
th
e ce
ll. C
over
ed w
ith
ribo
som
es(c
ausi
ng
the
"rou
gh"
appe
aran
ce)
wh
ich
are
in t
he
proc
ess
of s
ynth
esiz
ing
prot
ein
s fo
r se
cret
ion
or
loca
lizat
ion
in m
embr
anes
.
Ribo
som
esP
rote
in a
nd
RN
A
com
plex
res
pon
sibl
e fo
r pr
otei
n s
ynth
esis
.
�Pro
tein
Fac
tori
es�
�Pro
tein
Fac
tori
es�
Smoo
th e
ndop
lasm
icre
ticul
um(S
ER)
A n
etw
ork
of in
terc
onn
ecte
d m
embr
anes
for
min
g ch
ann
els
wit
hin
th
e ce
ll. A
sit
e fo
r sy
nth
esis
an
d m
etab
olis
m o
f lip
ids.
Als
o co
nta
ins
enzy
mes
for
de
toxi
fyin
g ch
emic
als
incl
udi
ng
dru
gs a
nd
pest
icid
es.
Gol
giG
olgi
appa
ratu
sap
para
tus
A s
erie
s of
sta
cked
mem
bran
es. V
esic
les
(sm
all
mem
bran
e su
rrou
nde
d ba
gs)
carr
y m
ater
ials
fro
m
the
RER
to
the
Gol
giap
para
tus.
Ves
icle
s m
ove
betw
een
th
e st
acks
wh
ile t
he
prot
ein
s ar
e "p
roce
ssed
" to
a m
atu
re f
orm
. Ves
icle
s th
en c
arry
n
ewly
for
med
mem
bran
e an
d se
cret
ed p
rote
ins
to
thei
r fi
nal
des
tin
atio
ns
incl
udi
ng
secr
etio
n o
r m
embr
ane
loca
lizat
ion
.
�PA
CK
AG
ING
PLA
NT�
Lyso
sym
esLy
sosy
mes
A m
embr
ane
bou
nd
orga
nel
le t
hat
is
resp
onsi
ble
for
degr
adin
g (D
IGES
TIN
G)
prot
ein
s an
d m
embr
anes
in t
he
cell,
an
d al
so
hel
ps d
egra
de m
ater
ials
inge
sted
by
the
cell.
Vacu
oles
Vacu
oles
Mem
bran
e su
rrou
nde
d "b
ags"
th
at c
onta
in
wat
er a
nd
stor
age
mat
eria
lsin
pla
nt
& a
nim
al
cells
.
Rev
iew
!
1. W
hat
orga
nelle
is t
he p
ower
hous
e of
the
cel
l?
MIT
OCH
ON
DRIA
2. W
hat
is c
onsi
dere
d th
e �G
atek
eepe
r� o
f th
e ce
ll?
CELL
MEM
BRAN
E
3.W
hat
do p
lant
cel
ls h
ave
that
ani
mal
cel
ls d
o no
t?
CHLO
RO
PLAS
TS, C
ELL
WAL
L
4.W
hat
orga
nelle
sto
res
food
and
wat
er?
VACO
ULE
