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On a few hours notice, due to another presenter's "volcano-cancelled" flight, I was asked to fill an empty slot at the Norwegian GoOpen 2010 conference. On the background of the freshly proposed data.norge.no site, I decided to present a high level motivation for open data and linked open data in context of government, briefly compare and contrast its predecessors, data.gov and data.gov.uk, and suggest a possible middle ground between "anything goes" and "one format only" (in Norwegian).
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Fra Open Data tilLinked Open Data
Stian Danenbarger <@stidan>Bouvet ASA <[email protected]>
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W. David Stephenson • “The potential benefits of democratizing data are many, and varied:
– more informed policy debate, grounded in fact, rather than rhetoric
– consensus building– better legislation– greater transparency and less corruption:
greater accountability– optimizing program efficiency and
reducing costs– new perspectives, especially when “the
wisdom of crowds” emerges.
• Who would have believed that dry data […] could become the engine to involve the public in governmental transformation!”
”Democratizing Data” (O’Reilly Media, under arbeid)
“A hierarchy of database journalism”
Level 1: Data delivery
Level 2: Data search
Level 3: Data exploration
Level 4: Data visualization
Level 5: Data experiences and storytelling
Level of
am
bit
ion
Basert på Rich Gordon: “Data as journalism, journalism as data” (2007)
"If we can find enough of these things that intersect with the lives of our readers, I think we will be all right.“− Dennis Ryerson, Editor, “the Indianapolis Star”
COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT, Brussels, 7.5.2009
on the re-use of Public Sector Information– Review of Directive 2003/98/EC –
Offentlige Norge: ”Tjenestetrappa”
Semicolon
Hvordan blir handlingsplanene fulgt opp?
De årlige tildelingsbrevene fra det enkelte fagdepartement til underliggende etater definerer hvilke oppgaver etatene skal utføre gjennom det kommende året. Disse har lite eller ingen fokus på samhandling med andre etater.
Þ “Siloene” går hele veien fra departement og ned til operativ etat.
Regjeringens samhandlingsstrategier blir ikke fulgt opp av departementene !!
ftp://ftp.cordis.europa.eu/pub/ist/docs/ict-ent-net/isg-report-4-0-erratum_en.pdf
“So far, the deployment of EI has been based
strongly on a combination of the following
two objectives:
• Objective 1: Supporting a “big bang”
transition to a more efficient, enterprise-
wide “best way” of working. This seeks to
make sure that the enterprise remains
competitive under changing market
conditions. This new best way of working
is defined by a relatively small group of
dedicated expert analysts (industrial
engineers, business engineers,
information analysts etc.) and
implemented and maintained top-down.
• Objective 2: Once the major change
related to Objective 1 is completed and
the new way of working has become
business as usual, exploiting the predicted
gains in efficiency as much and as long as
possible in order to secure a proper return
on the investment made during the initial
big bang change process.”
• Objective 3: EI should stimulate value
creation based on innovation and co-
creation in a context of networked
enterprises that is very much defined
bottom-up, by creative, committed
workers.
According to this perspective, EI helps
“reflective practitioners” to manage their
work, their responsibilities, the key
knowledge they possess, and their relations
to the work and knowledge of others (inside
and outside their own enterprise). Unlike the
traditional approach, this support is not
driven top-down and purely enterprise
centric, but allows a much more individual
and subjective approach that leverages
personal creativity and initiative.
While traditionally individuals were
supposed to adjust to “the system”, now the
situation is reversed: the system is much
more
about supporting the individuals.”
“If we let the computer do the job and stop
worrying about the operations
executed inside the black box, this may imply an ever-greater decrease in our knowledge and insight on how the public sector in society works with regard, for example, to distribution and re-distribution of money between the different layers in the community. Moreover, we will be more and more helpless if we try to examine the correctness of government decisions concerning our lives and welfare. Such a situation would affect the very relationship between government and its' citizens in a democratic society under the rule of law, namely, the capability of citizens to participate in the decision-making and control of dispositions by government authorities. The many at the bottom may have greater problems than before in controlling the few at the top.”
“Transparent computer systems - transparent government“, D. W. Schartum (1995)
Skiftende paradigmer?
Prosedyre-orientertFokus: SyntaksData: Internt i applikasjoner
Objekt-orientertFokus: StrukturData: Databaser med proprietære skjema, tekst
Komponent-basertFokus: TjenesterData: XML, åpne skjema, namespaces
Desentralisert og emergentFokus: Prosesserbar informasjonData: Delte identifikatorer (URI), selvbeskrivende hypermedia-formater over HTTP
19951975 2005 201519851965
Tom Coates, Yahoo: ”The web as it was”…
Tom Coates, Yahoo: ”Web of the future?”
Samhandling krever delte definisjoner – og delte identifikatorer for disse
• Gjelder ikke bare entiteter – også relasjoner og føringer
• Eksempel:
– Skole, skoleeier – og relasjonene mellom – Fag, eksamen, skole – og relasjonene mellom
Når flere løsninger skal spille sammen, må identifikatorene
løftes ut av de lokale systemene
Utdanningsdirektoratets Grep: Delt datamodell med forskriftsstatus for grunnutdanningen
Definisjoner
Formidling/annotering
Spørring/abonnement
Oppdateringer
Resultater
Direktoratet
Elever
Skoler og lærere
Leverandører av læringsressurser
Fag
Hovedområder
Kompetansemål
Lokale læreplaner
RessurserfraSkolenettet
Ressurserfraprivateaktører
Materialefunnet ellerlaget avlærere
Materialefunnet ellerlaget avelever
• Veilede • Tilrettelegge• Skape muligheter
Visjonen er der, byggeklossene også…
PRODUSENT KONSUMENTMEDIATOR
• “Discovery”• “Trust metrics”• Filtrering• Abonnement
• Registrering• Notifikasjon • Indeksering• Aggregering
Indeks
• Finne•
Sammenstille
• Dele•
Tilgjengeliggjøre
”Abonnere på et søk!”
Atom/RSS (inkl. podcasts)SMS/MMSIM/XMPPEpostKalendersynk.…
“[…] regardless of what may be regarded as a
true service-orientation, we should avoid employing computerized systems in a way that reduces the number of citizens who are actively participating in legal decision-making processes, concerning him- or herself, and in democratic debates. […] Here, when I talk about transparency, I am not primarily thinking of the insight represented by thin layers of pleasant simplifications, in the shape of glossy brochures. Instead, I wish to give attention to the problem of communicating knowledge concerning the very bedrock of legal and administrative complexity. […] Our society is not based on freedom and justice because this is the most cost-efficient way to construct a society”“Transparent computer systems - transparent government“, D. W. Schartum (1995)