Introduction

Supervision is one of the most important management functions in an organization. In every organization there is provision for supervision. In a scalar system each level in the hierarchical organization is subject to the supervision of the immediately above level and each employee is subject to the control of immediate superior person.

Definition

It is the process by which workers are helped by a designated staff member to learn according to their needs, to make the best use of their knowledge and skills and to improve their abilities so that they do their jobs more effectively and with increasing satisfaction to themselves and the agency (Williamson)

Aims:-

OBJECTIVES• Help the staff to do their job skillfully and

effectively• Help the staff develop the individual capacity• Guide and/or assist in meeting predetermined

work objectives or targets in nursing preventive, promotive, curative and rehabilitative care to people.

• Help to promote effectiveness of the subordinates/staffs.

• Help to motivate subordinates to maintain high morale.

• Help the members of the team to recognize problems, identify solutions and to take action.

• Help to develop team spirit and promote team work

• Help to improve the attitudes of the members

FEATURES OF SUPERVISION

FACTORS OF EFFECTIVE

SUPERVISION

FUNCTIONS OF SUPERVISION

Other Functions of Supervision…• Develop and maintain team spirit• Improve the knowledge and skill of the workers• Maintain interpersonal relationship• Allocation of specific work plan• Assess training needs of the staff and do needful• Have knowledge of rules and regulations of

agency• Identify problems and help subordinates to find

out solutions• Maintain of his own image

PRINCIPLES OF SUPERVISION:-• Should not overburdened• unreasonable pressure results in low

performance and low confidence in the supervisor

• Do not over estimate his understanding and memory

• Atmosphere of cordiality and mutual trust.• Planned and adopted to the changing conditions. • Sound professional knowledge.• Exercised without giving the subordinate a sense

that they are being supervised.

• A good learning situation. It should be a teaching learning process.

• Foster the ability of each staff-member to think and act for herself/himself.

• Encourage workers’ participation in decision-making.

• Good communication.

• Co-operation and co-ordination.

• Create suitable climate for productive work.• Respect the personality of the staff.• Stimulate the workers/staff ambitions to grow

in effectiveness.• Focus on continued staff growth and

development.• Responsible for checking and guidance.• Good leadership.

TYPES OF SUPERVISION

Essentials of Direct Supervision…

Direct supervision Examples…

• institutional settings. • Efficacy of nursing care services rendered to

the patients .

In community settings:• Home visits• Enumeration of eligibles• Conducting clinic activities• Conduct of mother’s meetings

Indirect Supervision - Examples

Institutional Settings:• Patient’s records and reports• Patient’s history sheets, treatment records, results of

investigations and diagnostic procedures• General order books• Round books• Dangerous drug records and registers• Nursing care plans• Nurse’s notes• Call books• Admission and discharge registers; death register

Community settings:-

• Work diary of the individual workers• Performance reports of the individual workers• Eligible couple and child registers• Copies of monthly reports sent to the

authorities• Other records available in specific settings

TECHNIQUES OF SUPERVISION

TOOLS OF SUPERVISION

Checklists

Checklist for an aspect preoperative care i.e., immediate for patients undergoing abdominal surgery.

Rating Scales

Nursing RoundsExample in Maternity Units:• Give me your ward census• How many normal deliveries have taken place up to

this morning?• How many among them are primis and how many

multis?• How many of them have had episiotomies?• Has there has been any forceps delivery today?• Has there been any caesarean section today?• Have the new babies been put to breast? How soon

after delivery did you put the newborns to breast?• How many mothers are under observations? Show

them to me. Show me your observation charts on FHS.

Nurse’s Reports

Day and night reports written by charge nurses daily during morning, evening and night also save as tools of supervision particularly in the indirect method of supervision. Here we can get the charge nurse’s knowledge and awareness about their patients- their condition, what has been done for them and who require priority attention.

DUTIES OF THE SUPERVISOR