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PRESENTERS: ANJAN KHADKA(62023)GITA KHAKUREL(62024)
INTRODUCTIONNutrition: may be defined as the science of food and
its relationship to health.
Nutritional survey of a community:
is the sum of the nutritional status of individuals that form the community.
Nutritional statusThe state of the human body resulting from the balance
between intake of food and expenditure of energy is known as the nutritional status.
• Clinical examination
• Anthropometry
• Biochemical evaluation
• Functional assessment
• Assessment of dietary intake
• Vital and health statistics
• Ecological studies
National programme on nutritionobjectives:
• Control of protein energy malnutrition.• Control of vitamin A deficiency disorders.• Control of anemia.• Control of iodine deficiency disorders.• Control low birth weight.• Protection and promotion of breastfeeding.• Reduce the infestation of intestinal worms.
Targets• Reduce severe and moderate malnutrition
among under 5 children at 40% by the year 2017.
• Reduce iron deficiency in pregnant women to 43% by the year 2015.
• Reduce sub clinical vitamin deficiency among children under 5 years of age to 7% by preventive measures by the year 2015.
• Reduce nutritional blindness caused by vitamin A deficiency among pregnant women to 1% by the year 2015.
OBJECTIVES OF NUTRITIONAL SURVEY
• To evaluate the nutritional status of the community.
• Identification of the nutritional
problems prevalent in the area.
• To give proper health education so as to improve the health status.
METHODOLOGY:
• Place of study: Kathmandu-34, Jagritinagar• No. of families visited: 23• Type: household survey• Method: Oral questionnaire method• Procedure: The families were visited for three
consecutive days and questioned about the food consumed by them during those three days.
• Calculation: The energy consumed, the values of the micro and macro nutrients consumed, were then calculated by referring with the standard tables provided.
COMMON FOOD ITEMS USED IN THE COMMUNITY:
RICE PULSES
POTATOESLEAFY VEGETABLESFLESH FOODS
0
50
100
150
200
250
pro. Fat Fe Nia. Rio.
Reqirement
Actual Consumption
REQUIREMENT & ACTUAL CONSUMPTION OF VARIOUS NUTRIENTS IN THE COMMUNITY:
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Cal. Ca VitA VitB VitC
requirement
Actual Consumption
Nutrition statistics
0
5
10
15
20
25
energy prt. ca Fe vit A vit B1
deficiencyexcess
Per Capita calorie:
Total calories taken by family per day
No. of family members
Mean Per capita calorie of community =
1724.80 Kcal
CONSUMPTION UNIT REQUIREMENTCU= Total Calories taken by family per day
Family coefficient
MET7%
NOT MET93%
MET
NOT MET
Frequency of the deficiencies observeds.n. energy protein iron vit.A vit.b1 vit.b2 fat vit.c ca niac in percapita
1 1252 116.7 8828.2 1.99 1.4 805.9 14.4 20952 48.5 5246.8 0.32 1.2 27.1 421.8 26863 38.8 0.5 77.8 35974 112 8525 0.8 1.3 800 12 25005 52.7 7596 0.79 1.8 45.6 284 13.5 25186 50 0.3 300 11 24147 2223 45 32 23 13508 27.64 61 4754 1.5 1.9 21.2 657.4 14.5 42479 1305 58.6 53.8 4441.6 42.6 69.4 858 24.9 2167
10 1714 758.6 44.3 3282.4 1.1 1.7 26.3 10.5 249.6 15.5 125711 30.6 0.04 126 262112 71.8 7883.5 0.2 1.5 7.8 285113 4578 102.6 68.8 6998 2.5 1.9 105.8 398.2 24.7 873.914 618 66.5 5545 0.7 1.9 186 286 9.5 222315 3990 52.8 87.4 8687.6 2.6 1.3 25 657.4 30.6 129216 4799 163.8 10533 81.6 1531 26.7 154317 490.5 44.4 5295.2 0.4 1.6 535.2 7.3 219618 6098 115.7 121.2 11387 3.57 4.6 67.9 108.1 1664 42.3 104519 302.5 80.2 8483.5 2.2 1.8 20 24 1010 8.6 231120 24.7 8810.8 1292 150621 4905 44.4 5295.2 0.4 1.6 535.2 7.3 219622 1252 116.7 8828.2 1.99 1.4 805.9 14.4 209523 4578 102.6 68.8 6998 2.5 1.9 105.8 398.2 24.7 873.9
Energy
Protein
Ca
Iron Vit. A
NO
OF
FAMILIES
FREQUENCIES OF THE DEFICIENCIES AND EXCESS
0
5
10
15
20
25 Deficiency
Excess
NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCIES OBSERVED :
• Iron Deficiency• Vitamin A Deficiency• Vitamin B Deficiency• Protein Deficiency• Calcium Deficiency• Energy Deficiency
Few to many deficiencies were observedin all the 23 families surveyed.Scrutinizing the deficiency, the community is at
the risk of following disease:-☻ Protein energy malnutrition☻ Stomatitis☻ Iron deficiency anemia☻ Rickets and Osteomalacia☻ Night blindness and xerophtalmia☻ Beriberi
OTHER DISEASES AT RISK: • ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION.• ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS.• OTHER WATER BORNE DISEASES
LIKE TYPHOID, HEPATITIS A.• DEPRESSION, ANXIETY,
BEHAVIOURAL DISORDERS, DRUG ADDICTION.
BODY MASS INDEX:
• B.M.I.=WEIGHT(Kg)
HEIGHT (m2)
• NORMALVALUE=18.5-24.9 Kg/m2
• B.M.I values are age independent and same for both the sexes.
B.M.I. in under 5 children
60%27%
13%
normal
subnormal
obese
B.M.I. in 6-18 yrs. population
33%
63%
4%
normal
subnormal
obese
66%
12%
22%
normal
subnormal
obese
BMI distribution in adults
B.M.I. distribution in population
54%31%
15%
normal
subnormal
obese
MEAN NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCIES IN THE FAMILY
Mean energy deficiency per family= 1463.06Kcal
Mean protein deficiency per family=60.10gm
Mean calcium deficiency per family=592.02mg
Mean iron deficiency per family=60.97mg
Mean Vit.A (carotene) deficiency per family=5974.7 mcg
ConclusionOverall nutritional status of the community
is NOT SATISFACTORY.
It may be due to:
Low socio-economic status.
Lack of knowledge regarding,
a.Hygiene and environmental sanitation
b. Balanced diet in family
RECOMMENDATIONS
Balanced diet should be consumed, which includes:
1. Vitamin A rich foods-egg, yellow fruits such as carrots, green leafy vegetables.
2. Iron rich foods – liver of goat, meat, cereals
3. Calcium rich foods - milk and milk products, eggs and fish.
To drink boiled or purified water & proper storage of foods.
Improvement of housing condition and maintenance of hygiene.
Recommendation contd..
Health education should be emphasized on increasing public awareness on
• Importance of nutritious diet pattern •Hygienic health behaviors and health care
services by using information and tools appropriate across various ages, literacy, and cultural contexts.
Change attitudes & obtain new knowledge & skills which they can use to improve the variety & the amounts of food according to the needs of every family member.
Acknowledgement
• Special thanks to Prof.Dr. I. DUDANI, Head of Department of Community Medicine.
• Dr. SUNIL KUMAR JOSHI • Dr. AVINAV VAIDYA• Dr. ARUN SIGDEL• SAKUL DAI• Cordial thanks to the family members for
invaluable support without which this survey would not have been possible
• Thanks to all of the classmates specially group A pals
• Special thanks to Prof.Dr. I. DUDANI, Head of Department of Community Medicine.
• Dr. SUNIL KUMAR JOSHI • Dr. AVINAV VAIDYA• Dr. ARUN SIGDEL• SAKUL DAI• Cordial thanks to the family members for
invaluable support without which this survey would not have been possible
• Thanks to all of the classmates specially group A pals
References:
ANNUAL REPORT 063\064, DOHS, NEPAL
PARK’S TEXTBOOKPARK’S TEXTBOOK OF OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE, MEDICINE, 18TH EDITION,18TH EDITION, BY K. PARKBY K. PARK
CHILD NUTRITION AND HEALTH,CHILD NUTRITION AND HEALTH, 3RD EDITION, BY RAMESH K. ADHIKARI & 3RD EDITION, BY RAMESH K. ADHIKARI & Ms. MIRIAM E. KRANTZMs. MIRIAM E. KRANTZ
KATHMANDU MEDICAL
KATHMANDU MEDICAL
COLLEGE TEACHING
COLLEGE TEACHING
HOSPITALHOSPITAL
HAVE A N
ICE
DAY
WE ARE WHAT WE EAT