PRESENTATION ON INDUSTRIAL MANUFACTURING PROCESS

UNIT-5 MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS

submitted to: Dr. K.K. GOSWAMI

Mr. ANUPAM AGARWAL

SUBMITTED BY-

1) AVINASH KUMAR SINGH

2) ARVIND KUMAR YADAV

3) KISHAN KUMAR JAISWAL

4) SUBHAM KUMAR

5) SHIVRAJAN JAISWAL

6) RUPESH JHA

7) RAJKUMAR VERMA

8) MAHENDRA KUSWAHA

9) SATENDRA PRATAP SINGH

10) SHASHIKANT MAURYA

11) TEJAN KUMAR

12) ROHIT KUMAR

Importance of material

Methods of manufacturing towards technological and socio-economic developments

Plastics and composite materials

Contamination, Sources& remedies for carpet /textile Industry

Industrial

Manufactur

ing Proce

ss

•Unit-5

MATERIAL

Material is something that consist of matters.

Material comprise a wide range of metals and non-metals, which must be operated upon form the finished product.

This end product may be an automobile, computer, bridge, so an engineer must have an adequate knowledge of properties and behavioral characteristics of materials.

IMPORTANCE OF MATERIAL

The importance of materials lie in the fact that they satisfy the engineering requirements for making engineering components such as crankshaft, spanner, etc.

The materials selected for making components have such properties as they will permit the component parts to perform their function successfully when they are use.

Materials can be easily fabricated as they have various properties such as machinability, ductility, castability, heat treatability, weldability, etc.

Materials helps in providing proper service required if they are of proper strength wear resistant and corrosion resistant.

Economically, minimum overall cost may be achieved by proper selection of both technical and marketing variable.

METHODS OF MANUFACTURING TOWARDS TECHNOLOGY & SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS.

Manufacturing is the backbone of any economy.

Manufacturing industry provides employment to hundreds of people.

Manufacturing provides an opportunity for establishing of allied industries.

It provides a boost service industry catering to the people employed.

Manufacturing is considered as a wealth-producing sector of an economy.

It provides important material support for national infrastructure and for national defense.

PLASTICS AND COMPOSITE MATERIALS

Plastics are mouldable organic resins .

Polymers compounded with fillers, plasticizers or pigments are known as plastics.

The structure and molecular weight of plastics is comparable to that of high polymers.

For production of plastics, a monomer is starting component.

It is heated in a reactor with or without the addition of catalyst and coloring pigments.

PROPERTIES OF PLASTICS

They are less brittle than glass.

They can be made transparent.

They are light in weight.

They have high corrosion resistance.

They passes high strength and toughness.

They can be economically mass produced.

TYPES OF PLASTICSThermoplastics: These resins soften and re-soften on subsequent heating , hence they can be re-moulded

by application of heat and pressure. Examples- polyethylene , polystyrene , polycarbonate , etc.Thermosetting resins: These resins often on heating and can be formed to any shape by application of

pressure. On cooling they become hard & rigid. They can not be re-soften on re-heating. Example-phenol formaldehyde resins(Bakelite), polyester resins, etc.

COMPOSITE MATERIALS

Composite material is defined as a material formed by the combination of two or more materials exhibiting properties that are vastly different from those of individuals constituents.

They have superior strength, rigidity or high temperature resistance, can be formed with choice of available materials.

Microstructure of a composite material distinctly shows the individual constituents.

The base material is called the matrix and the other material is called the additive or the reinforcing phase.

CLASSIFICATION OF COMPOSITE

COMPOSITE MATERIALS

Reinforced material

Particle reinforced

Fiber reinforce

Matrix material

Ceramic matrixMetal matrix

Polymer matrix

PARTICLE REINFORCED

In this type of composites, the matrix is the load bearing constituent and it contains particles that are added and uniformly dispersed in matrix.

The combination of dispersed particles and matrix makes the material hard and difficult for deformation.

The particles used are metallic or ceramic and available in natural or powder form.

Examples of these composites and concrete wooden board cutting tools etc.

FIBER REINFORCED

Similar to particles reinforced type, these composites also have matrix as its load bearing constituents.

The dispersed phase is in the form of fibers.

Fiber have higher length to diameter ratio in the range of 1000to 2000.

Fibers improve tensile strength of the composites.

Examples are automobiles tyres, containing steel wires in rubber, glass reinforced plastics etc…

METAL MATRIX

These composites consists of metals as matrix.

The reinforced materials used can be fibers, particles etc.

These composites can withstand high temperature and strength depending on the metal used.

Sometimes metal alloys are also used as matrix.

Examples are graphite flakes embedded in aluminum etc..

POLYMER MATRIX

These composites consist of polymer as matrix.

Polymers improve wettability and reinforcement property of the composite material.

These composites can be fabricated in complex shapes.

Usually fibers are used to improve tensile strength of polymer matrix.

Examples are glass reinforced plastics etc..

CERAMIC MATRIX

These composites consists of ceramics as matrix.

These ceramic materials are used as metal oxides, metal nitrides etc.

These composites have high temperature sustaining ability.

These are brittle in nature.

Usually fiber reinforcement is not used in such composites as at high temperature fibers loose their tensile strength.

Examples are structural material for aerospace military and other commercial appliances.

CONCRETE CEMENT

Cement is particle re-inforced type of composite .

In this type of composites, the matrix is load bearing constituents and it contains particles that are added and uniformly dispersed in the matrix.

The combination of dispersed particles and matrix makes the material hard and difficult for deformation.

The particle used are metallic or ceramic and available in natural or powdered form.

Examples are concrete, wooden board, cutting tools etc..

CONTAMINATION SOURCES REMEDY

Physical contaminants such as dirt, dust & other heavy metals.

Cultivation sites & breeding sites of sheep.

Dust free environment for raw material storage & regular floor cleaning.

Pesticides Cotton growing region & treated sheep for wool.

Ensuring healthy pastures for sheep breeding & healthy cotton growing region.

Effluents/Sludge Wet processes. Setting up of effluent treatment plant(ETP) & incineration to destroy organic chemicals and metals.

Volatile organic compounds(VOCs) Wet processes, textile finishing & dyeing.

Limited use of voc creating solvents & utilising carbon adsorbers.

Bacterial attack Storage of carpet at moist place. Wrap the carpets in polyethylene sheet & store at dry place.

Formaldehyde cross linking agents Wrinkle resist chemical after dyeing i.e. easy care finishing treatment to avoid itching.

Use formaldehyde free cross linking agents based on dimethyl urea & glyoxalin.

CONTAMINATION, SOURCES AND REMEDIES FOR CARPET/TEXTILE INDUSTRY

Physical contaminations such as soil particles ,dust ,dirt, and presence of other heavy metals.

Chemical contaminations such as excess of chemicals used during bleaching, soaping, dyeing, finishing etc.

Bacterial contaminations are made by leaving the carpet wet for hours.

Manual contaminations are also considered which are done by mistake during carpet or yarn or fabric manufacture.

The physical contamination can be prevented by proper process sequence to a limited and isolated place.

Chemical and manual contaminations are terminated by taking proper care and by applying precautions at every step in industry.

Bacterial problems can be removed by applying proper environmental conditions to the goods.

THANK YOU !

THANK YOU !