- 1. Water consumption &Purification
2. The Water in our lives
Where is Earths water?
How much water is there?
How much water is consumed in our daily lives
How much of the drinking water is free of contamination
What measures should we take to prevent wastage of water
3. Where is Earths Water ?
There is no shortage of water on Earth. Most of our planet is
covered by waterbut very little of that water is available for
humans to drink.Our blue planet is dominated by oceans that stretch
across some two-thirds of its surface. These massive bodies
ofsaltwater hold almost all the water on Earth.
Less than three percent of the planets water exists as freshwater
and not all of it is accessible for human use. In fact, more than
two-thirds of the planets freshwater is not even liquidits frozen
in glaciers in places like the Antarctic and Greenland ice
sheets.
All Earths water
Ocean 97%
Fresh water 3%
Surface Water
1. Rivers: 2%
2. Swamps: 11%
3. Lakes: 87%
Fresh water
Icecaps/Glaciers: 68.7%
2. Ground: 30.1%
3. Other: .9%
4. Surface: .3%
4. Water on move
Water is continually moving around, through, and above the Earth
aswater vapor, liquid water, andice. In fact, water is continually
changing its form. The Earth is pretty much a "closed system," like
a terrarium. That means that the Earth neither, as a whole, gains
nor loses much matter, including water. Thehydrological cyclemoves
water from the atmosphere to the Earth and back again in a process
of perpetual motion powered by energy from the sun and by gravity.
The cycles processes provide the water that flows through rivers,
lakes,reservoirs, andaquifersfrom which many people get their
drinking water. Indeed, thewater cycle makes life on Earth
possible.
Precipitation: When these water droplets (or ice crystals) become
to large to stay suspended in the air, they fall as
precipitationthe rain and snow that eventually returns most
atmospheric water to the Earth.
Condensation: Water vapor cools as it expands and encounters cooler
temperatures in the atmosphere. It may then condense into tiny
water droplets, forming clouds. This process is called
condensation.
Infiltration: Instead of evaporating, some water that lands on
continents runs off into rivers, streams, and lakes. The rest sinks
through the soil to join underground aquifers. This is known as
infiltration, or recharge.
Evaporation: Solar energy heats surfaces (the oceans, lakes,
reservoirs, plants and trees, and the land surface itself) and
creates water vapor that returns to the atmosphere by evaporation
and transpiration
5. Water is one of our most natural resources. Without it, there
would be no life on earth.
6. Groundwater
About 96 percent of all unfrozen fresh water is found below the
Earths surface and is known asgroundwater. Groundwater systems
globally provide 25 to 40 percent of the worlds drinking water.
Groundwater represents an enormous resource that can only be
managed through an understanding of the different types
ofaquifersand their rates of renewal.
Aquifers that are located close to the surface are often intimately
connected withsurface watersystems. They may be replenished
directly by infiltration ofprecipitation and sometimes surface
runoff, and may discharge to water bodies such as streams and
lakes. When such aquifers are drawn down by pumping, they can cause
a decrease in river flow, resulting in shortages of drinking water,
water for agriculture, or water for the aquatic ecosystem. Deeper
aquifers may also be replenished indirectly by water slowly leaking
downward from shallower aquifers
Aquifers, particularly those close to the surface, are often
connected with surface water systems. They may be replenished by
recharge from precipitation
Renewable Groundwater
7. Groundwater quality
Water issuch an excellent solventit can contain lots of dissolved
chemicals. And since groundwater moves through rocks and subsurface
soil, it has a lot of opportunity to dissolve substances as it
moves. For that reason, groundwater will often have more dissolved
substances than surface water will.Underground water can get
contaminated from industrial, domestic, and agricultural chemicals
from the surface. This includes chemicals such as pesticides and
herbicides that many homeowners apply to their lawns.
Contaminants can be natural or human-induced
Naturally occurring contaminants are present in the rocks and
sediments. As groundwater flows through sediments, metals such as
iron and manganese are dissolved and may later be found in high
concentrations in the water. Industrial discharges, urban
activities, agriculture, ground-water pump age, and disposal of
waste all can affect ground-water quality. Contaminants from
leaking fuel tanks or fuel or toxic chemical spills may enter the
groundwater and contaminate the aquifer
8. Ground water Quality
Ground water quality is getting effected by many human
activities
9. Bacteria's 10. Pesticides
