Water(Water makes up approximately 60%

of the human body and 93% is water in the blood)

By Auto Lube Group, November 2013

Advantages of water

• Optimal water intake is an essential for human survival. • Water purges toxins from the blood helps keep the skin

glowing and clear.• Water purifies colon in intestine making it easy to

absorb nutrients.• Water balances body fluids and fights infection.• Water increases the production of new blood and

muscle cells.• Water develops immune system.

Key benefits of using purified water

• Tap and even some bottled water contains chemicals, heavy metals, nuclear material, and potential allergens.

• By drinking purified water, you will minimize your exposure to contaminants and may potentially reduce your allergy symptoms.

• Defense between the body and the over 2100 known toxins that may be present in drinking water.

• Provides clean, healthy water for cooking, as well as drinking, at the convenience of tap water.

Key benefits …• Better tasting and better smelling drinking water by removing chlorine

and bacterial contaminants.• Removes lead from drinking water, thus preventing harmful

substance from entering the body.• Greatly reduces the risk of rectal cancer, colon cancer, and bladder

cancer by removing chlorine and chlorine byproducts.• Reduces the risk of gastrointestinal disease.• Protects the body from disease and leads to overall greater health.• A solid block carbon water filter can selectively remove dangerous

contaminants from drinking water while retaining healthy mineral deposits that balance the pH of drinking water.

• Bottled water needs logistic arrangements to ensure uninterrupted supply which incur additional cost and efforts.

Water Contamination: Taste and Odor• Strong Chlorine taste or smell - The addition of chlorine

to kill off bacteria and other harmful microorganisms.• Metallic taste - Some water systems have a high mineral

concentration giving the consumer a salty or soda taste.• Rotten egg odor - This is usually a result of decaying

organic deposits underground.• Musty or unnatural smells - These smells are normally a

result of organic matter or even some pesticides in the water supply. Even very low amounts can introduce unpleasant odors into the water.

• Turpentine taste or odor - Even though you can smell it, more than likely not at a level to cause harmful effects.

Water Contamination: Colour"Clean" water should be clear with no noticeable color deposits. • Red or Brown Color - A red, brown or rusty color is generally indicative of iron or

manganese in your water. Disadvantages to iron in your water include stains in sinks, or discolored laundry.

• Yellow Color - This coloration occurs in regions where the water has passed through marshlands and then moved through peat soils. Although the yellow color may be displeasing, it presents no health hazard, as it is only small particles suspended in the water.

• Blue or Green Color - A green or blue color is generally a result of copper in your water supply, or copper pipes and corrosive water. Copper can become a problem if it is higher than 30 PPM in your water. Effects at this dose are vomiting, diarrhea, and general gastrointestinal distress. If you are using well water as your primary source of water, and copper is a concern in your area, it would be to your advantage to have your water tested for copper.

• Cloudy White or Foamy - Cloudy water is usually due to turbidity. Turbidity is caused by finely divided particles in the water. When light hits the water, it is scattered, giving a cloudy look to the water. No harmful effects to the body, although they can cause abrasions to pipes, or possible staining of sinks .

What is TDS?• Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) are the total amount

of mobile charged ions, including minerals, salts or metals dissolved in a given volume of water, expressed in units of mg per unit volume of water (mg/L), also referred to as parts per million (ppm).

• TDS is directly related to the purity of water.

TDS…

• A TDS meter is based on the electrical conductivity (EC) of water. Pure H20 has virtually zero conductivity. TDS is calculated by converting the EC by a factor of 0.5 to 1.0 times the EC, depending upon the levels.

• Typically, the higher the level of EC, the higher the conversion factor to determine the TDS.

Why Should You Measure the TDS Level in Your Water?

• The EPA Secondary Regulations advise a maximum contamination level (MCL) of 500mg/liter (500 parts per million (ppm)) for TDS. Numerous water supplies exceed this level.

• When TDS levels exceed 1000mg/L it is generally considered unfit for human consumption. A high level of TDS is an indicator of potential concerns, and warrants further investigation. Most often, high levels of TDS are caused by the presence of potassium, chlorides and sodium. These ions have little or no short-term effects, but toxic ions (lead arsenic, cadmium, nitrate and others) may also be dissolved in the water.

• Even the best water purification systems on the market require monitoring for TDS to ensure the filters and/or membranes are effectively removing unwanted particles and bacteria from your water.

TDS indicators…

• Lower the TDS better the water…

Taste & HealthHow can water with high TDS be undesirable or harmful?• It may taste bitter, salty, or metallic and may have unpleasant odors• High TDS water is less thirst quenching.• High TDS interferes with the taste of foods and beverages, and makes them less

desirable to consume.• Some of the individual mineral salts that make up TDS pose a variety of health

hazards. The most problematic are Nitrates, Sodium, Sulfates, Barium, Cadmium, Copper, and Fluoride.

• If a person drinks 2 pints (473ml) of water a day, this will total 4500 gallons of water passing through his body over a 70 year span. If the water is not totally pure, this 4500 gallons will include 200-300 pounds (1p = 453gr) of rock that the body cannot utilize. Most will be eliminated through excretory channels. But some of this will stay in the body, causing stiffness in the joints, hardening of the arteries, kidney stones, gall stones and blockages of arteries, microscopic capillaries and other passages in which liquids flow through our entire body.

Don’t you need the minerals in your drinking water?

• Inorganic Minerals• It is believed that mineral waters help furnish elements for body metabolism. However, there is scientific

proof to suggest that most of these minerals are in an inorganic (dead) form. While they may enter the circulation, they cannot be used in the physiological process of building the human cell.

• With this in mind, we can see that mineral water may give "dead" or "inorganic" minerals to the body which cannot be properly assimilated.

• These inorganic minerals only interfere with the delicate and complex biology of the body.• The body's need for minerals is largely met through foods, NOT DRINKING WATER." -The American Medical

Journal Fact: The organic minerals in tap water represent only 1% of the total mineral content of the water.• One glass of orange juice contains more beneficial minerals than thirty gallons of untreated tap water.

• Organic, or Bioavailable Minerals• Only after they have passed through the roots of plants do these inorganic minerals become organic

(through photosynthesis) and capable of being assimilated into our tissues as ORGANIC Minerals.• Pure water removes the inorganic mineral deposits in your body. Organic minerals are fully absorbed and

remain in your tissues.• According to many nutritionists minerals are much easier to assimilate when they come from foods. Can

you imagine going out to your garden for a cup of dirt to eat rather than a nice carrot; or drinking a whole bathtub of water for LESS calcium than that in 225ml glass of milk?

Carbon FiltersActivated Carbon (Granular and Solid Block)• Granular activated carbon is a well-established technology for the reduction of a wide range of aesthetic

contaminants, and is quite effective in the reduction of some health contaminants such as volatile organic compounds (benzene, trichloroethylene, and other "petroleum"-based contaminants.

• Because of its molecular makeup, activated carbon can adsorb well, meaning that it can take in or collect many organic molecules on its surface. Granular activated carbon filters are typically inexpensive, and maintenance involves replacing six to twelve cartridges a year, depending on the quality of the raw water and the filter media.

• Specially designed solid block and precoat activated carbon filters are also available, which are effective at reducing heavy metals such as lead and mercury. Solid block filters with a pore size smaller than 0.2 microns are often effective against biological contaminants as well.

Microfiltration• Microfiltration uses a filter media with a pore size smaller than 0.2 microns to physically prevent biological

contamination from passing through. Ceramic and solid block carbon are commonly used to provide microfiltration. Ceramic filters have and advantage in that they can often be cleaned and reused a number of times before they lose effectiveness.

• Carbon block media usually has to be disposed of after each use. This media, however, provides additional treatment for a variety of other health and aesthetic contaminants (see activated carbon section). Microfiltration is effective for treating the full range of biological contaminants, including hard-shelled cysts like Cryptosporidium.

Filter PerformanceIf you have a filter or RO system in your home, you need to check the water it produces periodically to make sure it's working properly. The performance of RO systems and filters are measured by the amount of TDS Reduced by the filters and membranes. The reduction of TDS indicates the reduction of microorganisms and harmful non-solids such as chlorine and fluorine.

Carbon Filters• Granular activated carbon filtration is the most common technology used in home filter systems.

Unfortunately, these home systems are often poorly maintained. In many cases, filters are not cleaned properly, or filter elements are not changed at appropriate intervals. Over time, effectiveness declines, and in some cases the contaminants in the overloaded filter actually begin to discharge back into the water.

RO Percentage Rejection• The effectiveness of an RO unit is characterized by the rejection rate or rejection percentage.• The rejection rate is the percent of a contaminant that does not move through, or is rejected by

the membrane. Rejection rates need to be high enough to reduce the contaminant level in the untreated water to a safe level.

• For example, when the feed water contains 300 ppm TDS, the product water may have 15 to 30 ppm (95% and 90% rejection ratio respectively).

What is Reverse Osmosis (RO)?The process was first described by a French Scientist in 1748, who noted that water

spontaneously diffused through a pig bladder membrane into alcohol. Over 200 years later, a modification of this process known as reverse osmosis allows people throughout the world to affordably convert undesirable water into water that is virtually free of health or aesthetic contaminants. Reverse osmosis systems can be found providing treated water from the kitchen counter in a private residence to installations used in manned spacecraft.

Reverse Osmosis is a technology that is found virtually anywhere pure water is needed; common uses include:

• Drinking Water, Humidification, Ice-Making, Car Wash Water Reclamation• Biomedical Applications, Laboratory Applications, Photography, Pharmaceutical

Production, Kidney Dialysis• Cosmetics, Animal Feed, Hatcheries• Restaurants, Greenhouses• Metal Plating Applications, Wastewater Treatment• Boiler Water, Battery Water, Semiconductor production

Normal OsmosisA semipermeable membrane, like the membrane of a cell wall or a bladder, is selective about what

it allows to pass through, and what it prevents from passing. These membranes in general pass water very easily because of its small molecular size; but also prevent many other contaminants from passing by trapping them. Water will typically be present on both sides of the membrane, with each side having a different concentration of dissolved minerals. Since the water is the less concentrated solution seeks to dilute the more concentrated solution, water will pass through the membrane from the lower concentration side to the greater concentration side. Eventually, osmotic pressure (seen in the diagram below as the pressure created by the difference in water levels) will counter the diffusion process exactly, and an equilibrium will form.

Reverse OsmosisThe process of reverse osmosis forces water with a greater concentration of contaminants

(the source water) into a tank containing water with an extremely low concentration of contaminants (the processed water).

High water pressure on the source side is used to "reverse" the natural osmotic process, with the semi-permeable membrane still permitting the passage of water while rejecting most of the other contaminants. The specific process through which this occurs is called ion exclusion, in which a concentration of ions at the membrane surface from a barrier that allows other water molecules to pass through while excluding other substances.

Flush – RO system• Even with these advances, the "reject" water on the source side

of a Reverse Osmosis (RO) system must be periodically flushed in order to keep it from becoming so concentrated that it forms a scale on the membrane itself.

• RO systems also typically require a carbon prefilter for the reduction of chlorine, which can damage an RO membrane; and a sediment prefilter is always required to ensure that fine suspended materials in the source water do not permanently clog the membrane.

• Hardness reduction, either through the use of water softening for residential units or chemical softening for industrial use, may also be desirable in hard water areas.

What Reverse Osmosis Treats?• Reverse osmosis can treat for a wide variety of health and aesthetic

contaminants. Effectively designed, RO equipment can treat for a wide variety of aesthetic contaminants that cause unpleasant taste, color, and odor problems like a salty or soda taste caused by chlorides or sulfates.

• RO can also be effective for treating health contaminants like arsenic, asbestos, atrazine (herbicides/pesticides). fluoride, lead, mercury, nitrate, and radium. When using appropriate carbon prefiltering (commonly included with most RO systems), additional treatment can also be provided for such "volatile" contaminants as benzene, trichloroethylene, trihalomethanes, and radon.

• The Water Quality Association (WQA) cautions, however, that while RO membranes typically remove virtually all known microorganisms and most other health contaminants, design considerations may prevent a unit from offering foolproof protection when incorporated into a consumer drinking water system.

Conclusion

• Reverse osmosis is a relatively new, but very effective, application of an established scientific process.

• With continual advances in system and membrane design that boost efficiency and reliability, RO can be expected to play a major role in water treatment for years to come.

Water Hardness (and Water Softeners)Hardness in drinking water is caused by calcium and magnesium - two nontoxic, naturally occuring minerals in water.

Excessive hardness makes it difficult for soap to lather, leaves spots on dishware, reduces water flow and can cause pipe, valve and drain scaling.

Does hard water really create problems?• It leaves a residue called hard water scale on all washable surfaces.• Over a period of time, hard water scale can clog your plumbing which eventually reduces water pressure. It damages

water heaters, dishwashers, washing machines, coffee makers and virtually all appliances through which water passes. This scale leaves spots or streaks on dishes and glassware, and dulls the look of clothing, floors, sinks, tubs, and even hair.

• Corrosion often occurs because of highly acidic water that gradually eats away pipes, appliances, heaters, boilers and air-conditioning units.

How is water hardness treated?• If you have a hard water problem, your solution could be through a water filtration system such as Reverse Osmosis

(RO) (which will remove most minerals), Distillation (which will remove all minerals) or a Water Softener. For a whole house, reverse osmosis or other types of filtration are typically more costly options than a water softener.

Do water softeners remove TDS?• Water softeners do not remove TDS. Instead, water softeners work through a process of ion exchange. As water flow

through the water softener, it will pass through a resin, bed of small plastic beads or chemical matrix (called Zeolite) that will exchange the calcium and magnesium ions with sodium ions (salt). Therefore, the TDS level will remain virtually constant (there may be minor differences).

• Water softeners are designed to "soften" water so that it washes brighter, rinses cleaner and feels much better.

Filtration stagesSingle: PP /yarn filter

Removes particles, impurities, rust and dust in the water.

Double: PP filter + granular carbonThe granular carbon filter removes chlorine, taste and odor from the water.

Triple: PP filter + granular carbon + block carbonThe block carbon filter removes suspending particles (Eg. wood pulp) and smell turbidity (bad smell) in addition to further filtration of chlorine, taste and odor from the water.

UV: Ultra VioletRainwater, tanks and wells are unpredictable for bacteria contamination. UV purification produces germ-free water without the use of chemicals.

Mineral ball:Helps oxygenate and fortify water. It contains calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, zinc and other trace minerals. WHO (World health Organizations) recommends drinking water with calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, selenium, sodium, potassium and zinc, all essential to a healthy human body.

RO: Reverse Osmosis

What we offer!• Single Filter• Double Filter• Triple Filter• Double Filter + UV• Triple Filter + UV• Triple Filter + UV + Mineral Ball• Water pot• Shower head• RO systems• Dispenser Holding Tanks (8L) to use with existing dispensers• Water Softeners• Industrial water treatments

Price list, warranty, delivery & marketing materials

• Price list – BQB will offer 10% discount to cash customers– 20% for corporate customers– 30% to staff (dealer price) to encourage sale with in his/her circle.

• warranty– 2 years as per the manufacturer (T&C apply)

• Delivery– No delivery or installation

• Marketing materials– Advertise with news papers (Rivira on 17/11/2013)– Leaflets will be ready soon

Thank you