Water Purification Program

8/13/2019 Water Purification Program

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SEAWATER

PURIFICATION

PROGRAM

MENNA ABDELGAWAD


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As the title suggests, my project is about seawater purification. My concern

was finding an alternative source of pure water, water that can be used for

drinking or farming, other than rivers and groundwater, as these sources could

diminish one day. The remaining source is the seawater that off course should

be distilled to be used in either drinking or agriculture. There is many ways to

purify the seawater, but I concentrated on distillation. As we all know

distillation needs a source of energy to heat the water. So the project'sobjective is finding a source of energy that:

1. will boil the sea water in the shortest time and with the least

expenses

2. will produce no pollution3. will produce the purest and safest drinking water

This can be achieved by constructing several models each with a

different way of evaporating seawater

A Brief Summary


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1- Ion exchange 2- carbon adsorption 3- Micro porous Basic Filtration 4-

Reverse Osmosis 5- Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation 6- Distillation

6- Distillation

Distillation is a way of purifying water that separates H2O from salts and other

solutes that have larger boiling point than water. This process is done by

boiling the water and then condensing the water vapor into pure or distilled

water.


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1-Waste-to-Energy Program:

a- Incineration electromagnetic generator distillation

b- gasification

c- anaerobic digestion

2- Solar panel


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This program includes making use of garbage to produceenergy. This energy could be produced as electricity or

heat. There are many ways included in this program to

produce the energy from waste, but I chose three of them

which I understood the most.

a- Incineration

b- Gasification

c- Anaerobic digestion


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Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion

of organic substances contained in waste materials.


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ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

We get rid of a

percentage of waste in a

useful and harmless way.

The ashes that were

produced could be used in

agriculture.

Incinerators produce large

amount of electricity.

The filtering systemreduces if not clears the

pollution coming from the

stream.

The filtering system or the

air pollution controls are

very expensive.

Incinerators should be

built near large

communities only as they

produce large amount of

energy.

People become carelessabout minimizing their

wastes when they know

that their wastes are going

to go to an incineration

plant.


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Gasification is a process

that converts organicmaterials into syngas

which then could be used

as a source of energy.


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The ashes that were

produced could be beneficialto agriculture.

Gasification produces

syngas which can then be

burned to produce thermal

energy.

It is so efficient. We get rid of a percentage of

waste in a useful and

harmless way.

Gasification is a complex

and multi-stage process Its initial steps are

expensive.

syngas must be purified.


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Anaerobic digestion is a series of processes in which microorganismsbreak down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen.


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Low energy required

Less biological sludgeproduced

Low nutrient demand

Methane Production:

Anaerobic digestion

contributes to reducinggreenhouse gases by

reducing demand for fossil

fuels

long startup time

may require alkalinity andspecific ion addition

May need heating (often

by utilization of process

gas) to achieve adequate

reaction rates


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Solar panel is a silicon made panel that converts light energy(photons) to electricity through the excitation of the electrons

of the silicon and then collecting them


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long lasting source of

energy that can be used

everywhere.

Solar panels are silent

and non-polluting

The initial cost is very high

They need large space to

achieve average

efficiency

It is affected by air

pollution and weather


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18/19

The pictures that you saw was my view on what a factory that purifies

sea water would have. I am still searching for other sources. I believe

that all of the sources which were discussed before were great sources

but as I am searching for the best I would go with the Anaerobicdigestion, for it would get rid of garbage and produce energy in the

same time with low expenses and with no pollution. Even the anaerobic

digestion disadvantages could be handled. This is my project and I

wish you would like it and be interested about it as I am.


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Documents

Water Purification Program