THE CRUSADES

A Quest for the Holy Land

Crusades• A long series or Wars

between Christians and Muslims

• They fought over control of Jerusalem which was called the Holy Land because it was the region where Jesus had lived, preached and died

Causes of the CrusadesMuslim Turks

captured Jerusalemfrom the Byzantine

Empire

Muslims stoppedChristians from

Visiting Holy LandChristian pilgrims

were attackedByzantine Empirefeared attack on Constantinople

The Call to Arms• Pope Urban II

called for the defeat of the Turks, returning the Holy Land to the Christians

Who Answered the Call?•Feudal Lords

•Knights

•Peasants

The First Crusade (1096-1099)

• Peasant army– Untrained– Lacked military

equipment– Many killed by

Muslim Turks• Knights

– Succeeded in capturing Jerusalem

Second Crusade (1147-1149)

• After victory many Christians went back home.

• The Turks eventually took back much of the territory.

• King of France and Emperor of Germany sent troops to stop the Turks.

Second Crusade (1147-1149)

• Saladin leads the Muslim Turks to victory, defeating the Christians

• * He was considered a very wise ruler. He was known for his sometimes kind treatment of fallen enemies. Many Christians saw him as a model of knightly chivalry.

Third Crusade (1189-1192)

• King Richard of England convinces the Turks to allow Christians to visit the Holy Land

Crusades Continue Through 1200’s

• Several more crusades attempted with no victories for the Christians

• Children’s crusade, - 30,000 soldiers - many of them under 12 years old – Never made it to the Holy Land

Why The Crusades Died Out

• Lack of interest, rising European prosperity

• Repeated military defeats• Discredited by "crusades"

against Christians (e.g., Albigensians)

Results of the Crusades• I.F. Turks Traveled they would Trade• I = Improvements – Ships, Maps, Explorers• F = Feudalism declines because Feudal lords

die or spend too much money on military.• T = Turks still rule the Holy Land • T = Travel – Europeans want to travel more• T = Trade – Europeans want product from the

East such as sugar, cotton, silk, spices, etc.

Effects of Crusades• Fatal weakening of Byzantine

Empire • Vast increase in cultural horizons for

many Europeans. • Stimulated Mediterranean trade. • Need to transfer large sums of

money for troops and supplies led to development of banking techniques.

• Rise of heraldic emblems, coats of arms

• Romantic and imaginative literature.

The Crusades: A 7 minute Clip

• http://172.26.64.6/SAFARI/montage/play.php?keyindex=2834&location=local&chapterskeyindex=2003&keyconceptskeyindex=5485&play=1

• 2c767

Assignment: Crusades Game or Recruitment Poster

• Use your notes and the textbook pages 264-268 to create either a recruitment poster or a crusades board game. Your project should include:

• A definition of the crusades.• A map of the crusades.• The four causes of the crusades.• Pope Urban’s call for defeat of the Turks to return the.

holy land top the Christians.• Who answered or needs to answer the call.• A description of all four crusades.• The results of the crusades.

Assignment: Game or PosterThe Game Requirements and

Materials: 10 pointsThe Recruitment Poster

Requirements and Materials: 10 points•You will be provided with a sheet of paper and one dice to play.

•All writing must be on the game. You may want to establish rules on the back.

•You can design your game however you want, but consequences and game advancement should be based on circumstances/events that would have actually happened.

•Be creative, your project should be colorful

•For full credit make sure that 1-7 above are included in your game   

•You will be provided with a sheet of paper.

•You are trying to entice Christians to join the last crusade, so use language that is persuasive!

•You will need have a place on your recruitment poster that gives a history of the previous crusades

•Be creative, your project should be colorful