The Crusades

Crusades 1096-1272 AD

• What: military expeditions• Who: sent by different popes • Why: to capture the Holy Land from the

Muslim Turks

http://www.history.com/topics/crusades/videos#roots-of-the-crusades

Pope• Leader of the Roman Catholic Church.

Pope Urban II – began 1st Crusade

Pope Urban II preaches the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont.

Coat of Arms

Holy Land

Jerusalem: important to…Jews

• Temple Mount

• Western Wall – part of King Solomon’s Temple

Muslims• Dome of the Rock

• Temple Mount – where the rock is

Christians• Church of the

Holy Sepulchre

The gold cost $15 million

The rock Abraham almost sacrificed Isaac on & the place Muhammad ascended into Heaven from

Where Jesus was crucified & buried

Muslim Turks• Islam spread far from its

birthplace in the modern nation of Saudi Arabia.

• By AD 1095, Muslim territory included land where Jesus Christ lived.

• Christians in that time believed Christians, not Muslims, should control their holy lands.

First Crusade 1095 - 1099

• Led by Duke Godfrey who captured Jerusalem, killing Jews along the way.

• http://www.history.com/topics/crusades/videos#duke-godfrey-leads-the-first-crusade The capture of Jerusalem by the Crusaders on 15 July 1099

1. The Holy Sepulchre2. The Dome of the Rock3. Ramparts – wall around city

Why go?• Poor had a long bad spell:

drought, famine, and sickness • Some thought the crusade was

an escape from these hardships.

• Also: weird sky signs beginning in 1095 - meteor shower, northern lights, a lunar eclipse, and a comet – signs from God???

• Pope promised some that sins would be wiped out & they would go to heaven

Results of Crusades

• Crusaders did not win back Holy Lands• BUT…survivors brought back new ideas:– New maps– New foods– New medicines– Desire for MORE

• Led to travel, trade, and Renaissance… and PLAGUE

Results of the CrusadesEuropeans…

Learned to draw better maps

Learned to build better ships

Saw new productsContributed to exploration &

empire building

New Maps

Before the Crusades After the Crusades

New Ships

Before the Crusades After the Crusades

New Products

Before the Crusades• Unflavored porridge, whole-

grain stews, or unleavened bread, with a little bit of fish and eggs

• Clothes made of wool, linen fur, & leather

After the Crusades• Clothes made of wool, silk,

linen , hemp, cotton, leather, & fur

• Spices: Pepper (very expensive!), cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg , ginger, saffron, cardamom, coriander, cumin, turmeric, mace

• fruits

Travel along the Silk Road• Traders traveled from Europe to the East for

silk, spices, and new ideas. • They battled tribes and hardships. • The Italians controlled entry into Europe and

grew rich.

Spread of the Plague along the Silk Road

• Jews were burned alive during the Plague

1347 AD Plague reaches Europe

• Caused by a germ that lives in some kinds of rats.

• Fleas bite the rats and get sick.• Fleas bite people & people get sick.• Killed 75 million people.

http://www.history.com/topics/crusades/videos#coroners-report-plague