The Crusades
Crusades 1096-1272 AD
• What: military expeditions• Who: sent by different popes • Why: to capture the Holy Land from the
Muslim Turks
http://www.history.com/topics/crusades/videos#roots-of-the-crusades
Pope• Leader of the Roman Catholic Church.
Pope Urban II – began 1st Crusade
Pope Urban II preaches the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont.
Coat of Arms
Holy Land
Jerusalem: important to…Jews
• Temple Mount
• Western Wall – part of King Solomon’s Temple
Muslims• Dome of the Rock
• Temple Mount – where the rock is
Christians• Church of the
Holy Sepulchre
The gold cost $15 million
The rock Abraham almost sacrificed Isaac on & the place Muhammad ascended into Heaven from
Where Jesus was crucified & buried
Muslim Turks• Islam spread far from its
birthplace in the modern nation of Saudi Arabia.
• By AD 1095, Muslim territory included land where Jesus Christ lived.
• Christians in that time believed Christians, not Muslims, should control their holy lands.
First Crusade 1095 - 1099
• Led by Duke Godfrey who captured Jerusalem, killing Jews along the way.
• http://www.history.com/topics/crusades/videos#duke-godfrey-leads-the-first-crusade The capture of Jerusalem by the Crusaders on 15 July 1099
1. The Holy Sepulchre2. The Dome of the Rock3. Ramparts – wall around city
Why go?• Poor had a long bad spell:
drought, famine, and sickness • Some thought the crusade was
an escape from these hardships.
• Also: weird sky signs beginning in 1095 - meteor shower, northern lights, a lunar eclipse, and a comet – signs from God???
• Pope promised some that sins would be wiped out & they would go to heaven
Results of Crusades
• Crusaders did not win back Holy Lands• BUT…survivors brought back new ideas:– New maps– New foods– New medicines– Desire for MORE
• Led to travel, trade, and Renaissance… and PLAGUE
Results of the CrusadesEuropeans…
Learned to draw better maps
Learned to build better ships
Saw new productsContributed to exploration &
empire building
New Maps
Before the Crusades After the Crusades
New Ships
Before the Crusades After the Crusades
New Products
Before the Crusades• Unflavored porridge, whole-
grain stews, or unleavened bread, with a little bit of fish and eggs
• Clothes made of wool, linen fur, & leather
After the Crusades• Clothes made of wool, silk,
linen , hemp, cotton, leather, & fur
• Spices: Pepper (very expensive!), cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg , ginger, saffron, cardamom, coriander, cumin, turmeric, mace
• fruits
Travel along the Silk Road• Traders traveled from Europe to the East for
silk, spices, and new ideas. • They battled tribes and hardships. • The Italians controlled entry into Europe and
grew rich.
Spread of the Plague along the Silk Road
• Jews were burned alive during the Plague
1347 AD Plague reaches Europe
• Caused by a germ that lives in some kinds of rats.
• Fleas bite the rats and get sick.• Fleas bite people & people get sick.• Killed 75 million people.
http://www.history.com/topics/crusades/videos#coroners-report-plague