THE CRUSADES1096-1291

A Quest for the Holy Land

Crusades

A long series or Wars between Christians and Muslims

They fought over control of Jerusalem which was called the Holy Land because it was the region where Jesus had lived, preached and died

Causes of the Crusades

Muslim Turks captured Jerusalemfrom the Byzantine

Empire

Muslims stoppedChristians from

Visiting Holy Land

Christian pilgrimswere attacked

Byzantine Empirefeared attack on Constantinople

The Call to Arms Byzantine emperor

Alexius Comnenus asked for help from West.

Pope Urban II called for the defeat of the Turks, returning the Holy Land to the Christians. If you die assured place in heaven.

Pope Urban II

Who Answered the Call?

Feudal LordsKnightsPeasantsFueled by religious fervor

Based on this map, which holy city was the destination of the first three? How about 4th crusade?

The First Crusade (1096-1099)

Peasant army Ill prepared Lacked military

equipment Many killed by

Muslim Turks Knights

Succeeded in capturing Jerusalem, July 15, 1099

Second Crusade (1147-1149) After victory many Christians went back

home. The Turks eventually took back much of

the territory and re-captured Jerusalem. 2nd Crusade was unsuccessful in taking

back Jerusalem.

Second Crusade (1147-1149)

Saladin leads the Muslim Turks to victory, defeating the Christians

* He was considered a very wise ruler. He was known for his sometimes kind treatment of fallen enemies. Many Christians saw him as a model of knightly chivalry.

Third Crusade (1189-1192)

King Richard of England and Saladin fight several battles, eventually convinces Turks to allow Christians to visit the Holy Land

• Well known in Literature, due to Robin Hood

Fourth Crusade (1199-1204)

Do not reach Holy Land Western – East Christian relations

strained Crusaders sack Constantinople in 1204! In 1453, when Constantinople is under

siege by Turks, Byzantine Empire does not bother to ask Rome / West for help.

Crusades Continue Through 1200’s

Several more crusades attempted with no victories for the Christians

Children’s crusade of 1212, - 30,000 soldiers - many of them under 12 years old – Never made it to the Holy Land

Most died from cold, Hunger or sold into slavery

The last crusader citiesfell in 1291.

Crusades Die Out

Lack of interest Rising European prosperity Repeated military defeats Pope influence lessened, tired of

religious call to crusade

Results of the Crusades Fatal weakening of Byzantine Empire

after Constantinople sacked Vast increase in cultural horizons for

many Europeans. Stimulated Mediterranean trade. Need to transfer large sums of money for

troops and supplies led to development of banking techniques.

Romantic and imaginative literature.

Results of the Crusades Knowledge introduced to

Europe Heavy stone masonry, construction of

castles and stone churches.

Siege technology, tunneling, sapping.

Moslem minarets adopted as church spires

Weakening of nobility, rise of merchant classes

Enrichment was primarily from East to West--Europe had little to give in return

Distrust (mild term) between religions

Assignment: Crusades Storyboard

Use your notes, power-point presentations and the Internet to create a storyboard for the period of The Crusades. Use your creative ideas to depict this period of history; however, you cannot include everything so you must limit your ideas to a “storyboard”.

The storyboard is a sheet of paper with 6

panels. You are making a pitch to The History Channel to make your movie idea about The Crusades. Think “Mad Men”, think Bayeux Tapestry, think cartoon. Very few words, pictures/drawings to show the history.

Assignment: Crusades Storyboard Focus on the Military aspect of the

crusades

However, you must include in the first storyboard: The causes of the crusades

And the last storyboard must focus on: The impact of the crusades on

current West and Middle East relations.

Assignment: StoryboardThe Crusades Storyboard

Homework assignment worth: 15 points

•5 points for historical accuracy

•5 points for creativity (you are trying to sell your movie idea. Not grading on drawing ability, but on how innovative or creative your storyboard is)

•5 points for effort (does it look like you spent 5 minutes or put real thought and effort)

•Maximum points = 15•Minimum points = 3