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Crusades Military Expeditions aimed at reclaiming the Holy Land from the Muslims

Crusades Military Expeditions aimed at reclaiming the Holy Land from the Muslims

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Page 1: Crusades Military Expeditions aimed at reclaiming the Holy Land from the Muslims

Crusades

Military Expeditions aimed at reclaiming the Holy Land from the

Muslims

Page 2: Crusades Military Expeditions aimed at reclaiming the Holy Land from the Muslims

Nine Total

Eight plus a Children’s Crusade

Page 3: Crusades Military Expeditions aimed at reclaiming the Holy Land from the Muslims

Causes

Contributing

Immediate

Page 4: Crusades Military Expeditions aimed at reclaiming the Holy Land from the Muslims

Contributing Factors

Feudalism

Chivalry

Religious Idealism

Weakening of Byzantine Empire

Page 5: Crusades Military Expeditions aimed at reclaiming the Holy Land from the Muslims

Immediate Causes

• Conquests by Seljuk Turks

• Byzantine Emperor’s call for help

• Pope’s ambition to reunite Christendom

• Pope’s appeal to Christian knights

• Knight’s religious zeal and earthly ambitions

• Italian cities desire for commercial power

Page 6: Crusades Military Expeditions aimed at reclaiming the Holy Land from the Muslims

Urban IIgbgm-umc.org/umw/bible/images/urban.jpg

• Pope, upon learning of Byzantine Emperor’s distress calls Western Christians to arms

Page 7: Crusades Military Expeditions aimed at reclaiming the Holy Land from the Muslims

First Crusade

Page 8: Crusades Military Expeditions aimed at reclaiming the Holy Land from the Muslims

Facts of 1st Crusade

• Begin 1096 through 1099• Two parts:

– People’s Crusade – almost all Christians killed– Knights army – capture Jerusalem on July 15, 1099

• Thousands of Muslims and Jews slaughtered in Jerusalem and on way to Jerusalem

• The Turks will eventually reclaim Jerusalem

Page 9: Crusades Military Expeditions aimed at reclaiming the Holy Land from the Muslims

Second Crusade

1147-1149

Page 10: Crusades Military Expeditions aimed at reclaiming the Holy Land from the Muslims

2nd Crusade Facts

• 1147-1149

• Crusaders, led by King Louis VII of France and German king Conrad II, once again attempt to claim Jerusalem but failed

Page 11: Crusades Military Expeditions aimed at reclaiming the Holy Land from the Muslims

Third Crusade

1189-1192

Also called the Kings’ Crusades

Page 12: Crusades Military Expeditions aimed at reclaiming the Holy Land from the Muslims

Three Crusader Kings

Page 13: Crusades Military Expeditions aimed at reclaiming the Holy Land from the Muslims

King Richard “the Lionhearted”www.carpenoctem.tv/img/lionhearted.jpg

• English• Only king to finish

crusade

Page 14: Crusades Military Expeditions aimed at reclaiming the Holy Land from the Muslims

King Phillip IIhome.austarnet.com.au/dfgoonan/Phil2Aug.jpg

• French• Had quarrel with

Richard and went home to seize French lands from the English

Page 15: Crusades Military Expeditions aimed at reclaiming the Holy Land from the Muslims

Frederick Barbarossaupload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/53/Barbarossa.jpg

• Holy Roman Emperor• Falls from his horse

and drowns

Page 16: Crusades Military Expeditions aimed at reclaiming the Holy Land from the Muslims

Saladinmembers.at.infoseek.co.jp/isariya/saladin.jpg

• Son of Nur ad_din• United Muslims of Egypt

and Syria• Defeats Crusaders• Considered chivalrous by

Richard• Richard and Saladin sign

Three-year truce– Christians could enter

Jerusalem freely

Page 17: Crusades Military Expeditions aimed at reclaiming the Holy Land from the Muslims

Fourth Crusade

1202-1204

Page 18: Crusades Military Expeditions aimed at reclaiming the Holy Land from the Muslims

Innocent IIIwww.flholocaustmuseum.org/history_wing/assets/room1/pope_innocent_iii.jpg

• Led 4th Crusade• Crusaders will attack

and loot Christian cities of Zadar and Constantinople

Page 19: Crusades Military Expeditions aimed at reclaiming the Holy Land from the Muslims

Children’s Crusade

20,000 German set out for Jerusalem – Many died of hunger crossing Alps – Some went home – other were sold

into slavery

Page 20: Crusades Military Expeditions aimed at reclaiming the Holy Land from the Muslims

Other Crusades

Mostly aimed at Islamic cities in Northern Africa and Egypt

Page 21: Crusades Military Expeditions aimed at reclaiming the Holy Land from the Muslims

Effects of Crusades

Immediate

Long Term

Page 22: Crusades Military Expeditions aimed at reclaiming the Holy Land from the Muslims

Immediate Effects

Temporary land gains in Palestine

Sack of Constantinople

Temporary gain in papal prestige

Page 23: Crusades Military Expeditions aimed at reclaiming the Holy Land from the Muslims

Long-Term Effects

• Decline of papal prestige

• Decline of feudal power

• Increase in monarchs’ power

• Increased religious intolerance

• Expansion of trade by Italian cities