Respiration and body temperature as measures of sustained

Gaurav Kumar Rai and Indramani L. Singh

Cognitive Science Laboratory

Department of Psychology

Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005

Email ID: [email protected], [email protected]

Respiration and Body Temperature as Measures of Sustained Attention: an

Empirical Evidence

A state of readinessto detect andrespond to a smallchanges occurringat random timeintervals overprolongedperiods.

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Cognitive Science Laboratory, BHU

Determinant of Vigilance

Performance

Task Characteristics

Individual Characteristic

Environmental Characteristics

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Vigilance Performance Measure

Existing approaches do not enable a directassessment of vigilance.

Available measures provide information about aspecific state of the operator like stress, fatiguemental workload etc. on the basis of :-

Behavioral performance.

Physiological Status.

Subjective Quarry.


Performance Measure

Reaction Time: elapsed time between thepresentation of a sensory stimulusand the subsequent behavioralresponse.

Accuracy (Hit rates): number of correctdetection or response on giventask.


Physiological Measure

Body Temperature:The degree of hotness or coldness of a body part.

Respiration: The number of breaths a person takes per minute.


Vigilance Task Type

Sensory tasks, critical signals for detections atspecified changes in the physical attributes ofstimuli.

Cognitive task, the signals that involvesnumerical, linguistic or semantic discrimination.

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Ob

ject

ive The present study examined the

psychophysiological correlatesin terms of Body Temperatureand Respiration in cognitiveand sensory vigilance taskunder high task demand (highevent rate) condition.


Sample & Design

Sixty students of the Banaras Hindu Universityparticipated in this study with mean age of 23.83± 2.87 years

Environmental Temperature: 30.78 ± 5.39 0C

Visual acuity : Normal (6/6) on Snellen.

A 2 (task: sensory and cognitive) × 4 (time period:four 10-min. blocks) mixed factorial design withrepeated measure on the last factor was used inthe present study.


Task Properties & Schedule

Fixation

(500 ms)

Target or Non-target

(100 ms)

Reaction Time

(Max 1400ms)

Stimuli Visual & Black white background

Signal ratio 1: 4

Signal probability .20

Event rate 30 event /minute


Cognitive Vigilance Task

•Press Space Bar when you found a Vowel in any place•Blank Screen is your Response time


Sensory Vigilance Task

•Press Space Bar when you find a big Square•Blank Screen is your Response time


Tools and Equipment

Insight 5133 (NASAN make) was used foronline recording of Respiration and Bodytemperature.

Super Lab (4.0) for display the task andperformance recording the ReactionTime.

SDT Analysis (developed by the same lab) forcalculating Sensitivity


Lab Setting

Distance PC to

Eye= 12-18 inch

Experiment Cell (Height X width

X Length)= 9’ X 6’6” X 6’8”

Online

Recording

Participant

Cell

3 InchParticipant

Body Position

Electrode

placement

Body

Temperature

Sensor

Respiration

electrode

17 inch colour monitor

P-4 Processor and 512 MB RAM

Revolving Chair

Straight compact fluorescent light


White wall

Procedure

Consent Form + Biographical

Questionnaire

Snellen Test (Eye Test)

Electrode Placement

Normal Recording

(10 min.)

Instruction + Demo

(3 min.)

Practice Session

(10 min.)

If Participant have 70% accuracy.

Main Session (40 min.)

Leave with thanks.


Extraneous Variables

No difference found in both of the task

Age: CVT (23.67 2.48), SVT (24.0 3.24)

(t (58) = .657; p<.447)

Environmental Temperature

CVT (30.88 5.8), SVT (30.68 5.29)

(t (58) = .145; p<.885)

Weight CVT (62.9 10.13), SVT (60.3 8.36)

(t (58) = 1.08; p<.283)


• Higher RT was found in CVTthan SVT.

ANOVA results revealed

• Significant main effects of

Block: (F (3, 174) =6.11;

p<.001, eta2=.095)

Task: (F (1, 58) =31.44;

p<.0001, eta2=.351)

• Interaction effects was alsofound significant (F (3, 174)

=5.36; p<.001, eta2=.085)

Result: Reaction time

250

300

350

400

450

500

RTB1 RTB2 RTB3 RTB4

Re

acti

on

Tim

e in

ms

cognitive Sensory


• Higher accuracy was found inCVT than SVT.


• Significant main effects of

Block: (F (3, 174) =2.80;

p<.04, eta2=.046)

Task: (F (1, 58) =7.20;

p<.009, eta2=.110)

• Interaction effects was alsofound significant (F (3, 174)

=8.15; p<.0001, eta2=.123)

Result: Accuracy (Hit rates)

30

35

40

45

50

55

Hit B1 Hit B2 Hit B3 Hit B4

No

. of

Hit

s

Blocks – 10 min.

cognitive Sensory


• Body Temperature wasfound higher in CVT thanSVT.


• Significant main effectsof

Block: (F (3, 174) =11.04;

p<.0001, eta2=.160)

Another effect was not

reached at significant level

Result: Body Temperature

35.25

35.35

35.45

35.55

35.65

35.75

35.85

Temp B1 Temp B2 Temp B3 Temp B4

Tem

pe

ratu

re in

0C

Block-10min.

cognitive Sensory


Result: Respiration

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

Resp B1 Resp B2 Resp B3 Resp B4

Bre

ath

/m

in.

Block -10 min.

cognitive Sensory

• Body Temperature wasfound higher in CVT thanSVT.


• Significant main effectsof

Block: (F (3, 174) =11.21;

p<.0001, eta2=.162)

Another effect was not

reached at significant level


Output

Sensory vigilance task is more demanding thancognitive vigilance task.

Respiration and Body Temperature decreases duringvigilance task.

There was not effect of vigilance ‘task type’ onrespiration and body temperature.

It can be concluded that respiration and bodytemperature are a sensitive measure but nothave a sufficient level of diagnosticity.


Applications

Theoretical ApplicationThese findings may be used to develop a better taxonomyof vigilance task.

The real world applications of these findings includedomains in which monitoring plays a crucial part.

Basic research on attention can successfully be applied to anumber of human factors problems. Radar/Sonar monitoring Air-traffic control Prolonged driving Inspections Detections of criminals


Thanks

for your Vigilance


Education

Respiration and body temperature as measures of sustained