NALANDA ENGLISH MEDIUM HIGHER SECONDARY

SCHOOL•

• • SESSION :- 2016 – 17• GUIDED BY :- AYUSI MAM

POVERTY IN INDIA

Made By: VIKAS PRASAD

TYPES OF POVERTY

Relative Poverty• It refers to the income or asset position of one

class or group of people in comparison with the other classes or groups, or of one individual with the others.

• It refers to income inequality. Absolute Poverty• Inability to achieve the minimum

requirements of life, health and efficiency due to very low income or insufficient assets.

• State of deprivation.

POVERTY LINERural Areas 2400 calories Rs. 229/month (1993-

94)

Rs. 356/month (2004-05)

Urban Areas 2100 calories Rs. 264/month (1993-94)

Rs.538/month (2004-05)

Nature & Magnitude of Poverty1.Poverty Ratio

2.Rural-Urban Break-up of Poverty

3. Regional Variations in Incidence of PovertySTATE %age of Poor or Poverty Ratio Number of BPL Persons

Orissa 46.4 1.78Bihar 41.4 3.69Chhattisgarh 40.9 0.99Jharkhand 40.3 1.16Uttaranchal 39.6 0.35Madhya Pradesh 38.3 2.49Maharashtra 30.7 3.17West Bengal 24.7 2.08Tamil Nadu 22.5 1.45Gujarat 16.8 0.90Andhra Pradesh 15.8 1.26Kerala 15 0.49Delhi 14.7 0.20Haryana 14 0.32Punjab 8.4 0.21

VICIOUS CIRCLE OF POVERTY1. Demand Side of Capital

Underdevelopment

Low Productivity

Low Real Income

Low Demand & Limited Size of

Market

Low Investment

Low Capital Formation

2. Supply side of Capital

Underdevelopment

Low Productivity

Low Real Income

Low Saving

Low Investment

Low Capital Formation

CAUSES OF POVERTY Underdeveloped nature of India’s Economy

Inequalities in income and asset ownership

Rapid Increase in population

Unemployment

Inflation

Rural Character of Indian Economy

Sociological reasons

MEASURES TO REDUCE POVERTYI. General Measures

Accelerating the growth rate

Emphasis on rural development

Development of village and small scale industries

Direct attack on poverty

Reducing Inequalities in Income

Limiting growth rate of population

II. Special Measures for poverty alleviation & employment generation in:

a) Rural Areas

1. Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY)• April 1, 1991• Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP), Training

Rural Youth for Self-Employment (TRYSEM), Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA) and Million Wells Scheme (MWS).

• Self employment• For eg: providing sewing machines to poor women, milch

cattle, pair of bullocks to plough the land etc.

2. Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY)

• September 2001• Employment Assurance Scheme (EAS) and Jawahar

Gram Smridhi Yojana (JGSY) [April, 2002]• Food security• Cost sharing 75:25 by Center and State.

3. Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (PMGY)

• Health, primary education, drinking water, housing and rural roads

• Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)o Plains – 1000 personso Hilly, desert and tribal areas – 500 persons• Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (Gram Awas)o Housing • Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (Rural Drinking

Water Projects)

4. Indira Awas Yojana (IAY)

• Construction of free houses• Kuccha Houses Pakka Houses

5. Antyodaya Anna Yojana

• December 2000• Subsidized food grains to 2 crore people• Wheat 25kgs @ Rs. 2 per kg• Rice 25kgs @ Rs. 3 per kg

6. National Food for Work Programme

• November 14, 2004• Wage employment + minimum nutrition• Pay = cash + food grains

7. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme

(MGNREGS)

• February 2006• Employment to develop infrastructure base• 100 days guaranteed employment

8. DPAP, DDP and IWDP

• Drought Prone Area Programme; 1973-74• Desert Development Programme; 1977-78• Integrated Wastelands Development

Programme (IWDP); 1989-90

b) Urban Areas

1. Prime Minister’s Rozgar Yojana (PMRY)• Urban areas: 1993-94• Rural areas: 1994-95• Self employment to educated unemployed youth

2. Swarna Jayanti Shahri Rozgar Yojana

• December 1997• Nehru Rozgar Yojana, Urban Basic Services for the

Poor and Prime Ministers Integrated Urban poverty Alleviation Programme

• Urban self employment and Wage employment

3. Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana (VAMBAY)

• December 2001• Construction and upgradation of dwelling

units• Cost 50:50 by Center and State

4. Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM)

• 2005-06• Basic Services to Urban Poor• Integrated housing and Slum Development

Programme

FLAWS OF THE ANTI-POVERTY PROGRAMMES

Wrong choice of beneficiariesInadequate fundingPoor asset QualityLack of accountabilityLack of involvement of local community

BIBLIOGRAPHY• Here I , Vikas Prassad student of class 9 th

‘A’had been a presentation on poverty by the help of my social teacher , my friends , books and few information I had taken from internet also .

• Source :- Internet • Search Engine :- google • Website :- wikippedia ….and www.Brainly.in