NALANDA ENGLISH MEDIUM HIGHER SECONDARY
SCHOOL•
• • SESSION :- 2016 – 17• GUIDED BY :- AYUSI MAM
POVERTY IN INDIA
Made By: VIKAS PRASAD
TYPES OF POVERTY
Relative Poverty• It refers to the income or asset position of one
class or group of people in comparison with the other classes or groups, or of one individual with the others.
• It refers to income inequality. Absolute Poverty• Inability to achieve the minimum
requirements of life, health and efficiency due to very low income or insufficient assets.
• State of deprivation.
POVERTY LINERural Areas 2400 calories Rs. 229/month (1993-
94)
Rs. 356/month (2004-05)
Urban Areas 2100 calories Rs. 264/month (1993-94)
Rs.538/month (2004-05)
Nature & Magnitude of Poverty1.Poverty Ratio
2.Rural-Urban Break-up of Poverty
3. Regional Variations in Incidence of PovertySTATE %age of Poor or Poverty Ratio Number of BPL Persons
Orissa 46.4 1.78Bihar 41.4 3.69Chhattisgarh 40.9 0.99Jharkhand 40.3 1.16Uttaranchal 39.6 0.35Madhya Pradesh 38.3 2.49Maharashtra 30.7 3.17West Bengal 24.7 2.08Tamil Nadu 22.5 1.45Gujarat 16.8 0.90Andhra Pradesh 15.8 1.26Kerala 15 0.49Delhi 14.7 0.20Haryana 14 0.32Punjab 8.4 0.21
VICIOUS CIRCLE OF POVERTY1. Demand Side of Capital
Underdevelopment
Low Productivity
Low Real Income
Low Demand & Limited Size of
Market
Low Investment
Low Capital Formation
2. Supply side of Capital
Underdevelopment
Low Productivity
Low Real Income
Low Saving
Low Investment
Low Capital Formation
CAUSES OF POVERTY Underdeveloped nature of India’s Economy
Inequalities in income and asset ownership
Rapid Increase in population
Unemployment
Inflation
Rural Character of Indian Economy
Sociological reasons
MEASURES TO REDUCE POVERTYI. General Measures
Accelerating the growth rate
Emphasis on rural development
Development of village and small scale industries
Direct attack on poverty
Reducing Inequalities in Income
Limiting growth rate of population
II. Special Measures for poverty alleviation & employment generation in:
a) Rural Areas
1. Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY)• April 1, 1991• Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP), Training
Rural Youth for Self-Employment (TRYSEM), Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA) and Million Wells Scheme (MWS).
• Self employment• For eg: providing sewing machines to poor women, milch
cattle, pair of bullocks to plough the land etc.
2. Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY)
• September 2001• Employment Assurance Scheme (EAS) and Jawahar
Gram Smridhi Yojana (JGSY) [April, 2002]• Food security• Cost sharing 75:25 by Center and State.
3. Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (PMGY)
• Health, primary education, drinking water, housing and rural roads
• Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)o Plains – 1000 personso Hilly, desert and tribal areas – 500 persons• Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (Gram Awas)o Housing • Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (Rural Drinking
Water Projects)
4. Indira Awas Yojana (IAY)
• Construction of free houses• Kuccha Houses Pakka Houses
5. Antyodaya Anna Yojana
• December 2000• Subsidized food grains to 2 crore people• Wheat 25kgs @ Rs. 2 per kg• Rice 25kgs @ Rs. 3 per kg
6. National Food for Work Programme
• November 14, 2004• Wage employment + minimum nutrition• Pay = cash + food grains
7. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme
(MGNREGS)
• February 2006• Employment to develop infrastructure base• 100 days guaranteed employment
8. DPAP, DDP and IWDP
• Drought Prone Area Programme; 1973-74• Desert Development Programme; 1977-78• Integrated Wastelands Development
Programme (IWDP); 1989-90
b) Urban Areas
1. Prime Minister’s Rozgar Yojana (PMRY)• Urban areas: 1993-94• Rural areas: 1994-95• Self employment to educated unemployed youth
2. Swarna Jayanti Shahri Rozgar Yojana
• December 1997• Nehru Rozgar Yojana, Urban Basic Services for the
Poor and Prime Ministers Integrated Urban poverty Alleviation Programme
• Urban self employment and Wage employment
3. Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana (VAMBAY)
• December 2001• Construction and upgradation of dwelling
units• Cost 50:50 by Center and State
4. Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM)
• 2005-06• Basic Services to Urban Poor• Integrated housing and Slum Development
Programme
FLAWS OF THE ANTI-POVERTY PROGRAMMES
Wrong choice of beneficiariesInadequate fundingPoor asset QualityLack of accountabilityLack of involvement of local community
BIBLIOGRAPHY• Here I , Vikas Prassad student of class 9 th
‘A’had been a presentation on poverty by the help of my social teacher , my friends , books and few information I had taken from internet also .
• Source :- Internet • Search Engine :- google • Website :- wikippedia ….and www.Brainly.in