Storage(Maintain in
memory)
Retrieval(Recover from
memory)
Encoding(Code and put into memory)
Basic Memory Processes
TIP OF TONGUE EXPERIMENTProvide a word that satisfies each of the following definitions.
• A blood feud in which members of the family of a murdered person try to kill the murderer or members of his family.
• A protecting charm to ward off spirits.• An old coin of Spain and South America.• A dark, hard, glassy volcanic rock.• A secretion from the sperm whale used in the manufacture of
perfume.• A building used for public worship by Moslems.• An Egyption ornament in the shape of a beetle.• The staff of Hermes, symbol of a physician or of the medical
corps.• A Russian sled drawn by three horses.• A sword with a short curved blade, used by the Turks and Arabs.• A navigational instrument used in measuring altitudes. • A narrow strip of land by which two larger bodies of land are
connected.
ANSWERS1. A blood feud in which members of the family of a murdered
person try to kill the murderer or members of his family. [vendetta]
2. A protecting charm to ward off spirits. [amulet]3. An old coin of Spain and South America. [doubloon]
4. A dark, hard, glassy volcanic rock. [obsidian]
5. A secretion from the sperm whale used in the manufacture of perfume. [ambergris]
6. A building used for public worship by Moslems. [mosque]
7. An Egyptian ornament in the shape of a beetle. [scarab]
8. The staff of Hermes, symbol of a physician or of the medical corps. [caduceus]
9. A sword with a short curved blade, used by the Turks and Arabs. [scimitar]
10. A Russian sled drawn by three horses. [troika]
11. A navigational instrument used in measuring altitudes. [sextant]
12. A narrow strip of land by which two larger bodies of land are connected. [isthmus]
A SIMPLE EXPERIMENT ON MEMORY
INSTRUCTIONS: Read each of the words below at a slow and steady rate, say, one word/sec.
DISTINGUISHED
FENCE
FRAGRANCE
FANTASY
TOWN
ROBIN
EVENING
ARMCHAIR
WOOL
ELEGANT
FABRIC
CRIMINAL
BEVERAGE
EXPENSIVE
BARRICADE
WHEEL
SUMMER
ALLIGATOR
MILKSHAKE
CINEMA
WEALTH
DRINK
Some of those words listed below are the same as those shown on the previous list. Can you recognize any?
Write down which words you recognize.
SPRING FINCH ODOR
COTTON POST BEVERAGE
HAMBURGER TIRE FAMOUS
ALLIGATOR IMPORTANT SPARROW
ROCKING CHAIR MAP VILLAGE
RICH CRIMINAL SUMMER
GLOVES SODA SCARF
FILM MOVIE AROMA
ELEGANT PERFUME FENCE
DREAM
SPRING [SUMMER] FINCH [ROBIN] ODOR [FRAGRANCE]
COTTON [WOOL] POST [FENCE] BEVERAGE
HAMBURGERHAMBURGER TIRE [WHEEL] FAMOUS [DISTINGUISHED]
ALLIGATOR IMPORTANT[DISTINGUISHED] SPARROW [ROBIN]
ROCKING CHAIR [ARMCHAIR] MAPMAP VILLAGEVILLAGE
RICH RICH CRIMINAL SUMMER
GLOVESGLOVES SODA [BEVERAGE] SCARFSCARF
FILM [CINEMA] MOVIE [CINEMA] AROMA [FRAGRANCE]
ELEGANT PERFUME [FRAGRANCE] FENCE
DREAM DREAM
Some of those words listed below are the same as those shown on the previous list. Can you recognize any? Write down which words you recognize.
6 2 7 4 1 8
2 5 3 1 9 7 1 7 6 8
1 8 5 4 6 9 4 2 9 3 7
S L R R
K H W D A G R O F Z
Q M R H X Z D R P P E H
CAT BOAT RUG
CLOTHES CHOOSE GIFT DRIVE BOOK TREE HAIR THIS
LOG DAY TIME CHESS LAKE CUT BIRD SHEET YOUR SEE STREET WHEEL
MEMORY SPAN
9 2 5 G M N
8 6 4 2 S L R R
3 7 6 5 4 V O E P G
6 2 7 4 1 8 X W D X Q O
0 4 0 1 4 7 3 E P H H J A E
1 9 2 2 3 5 3 0 Z D O F W D S V
4 8 6 8 5 4 3 3 2 D T Y N R H E H Q
2 5 3 1 9 7 1 7 6 8 K H W D A G R O F Z
8 5 1 2 9 6 1 9 4 5 0 U D F F W H D Q D G E
9 1 8 5 4 6 9 4 2 9 3 7 Q M R H X Z D R P P E H
COMPUTER VS. HUMAN MEMORY
COMPUTER HUMAN
PERMANENT X
PERFECT X
PARTIAL X
VARIES WITH TIME X
LOCALIZED X
UNLIMITED CAPACITY X
INFLUENCED BY MEANING X
Chinese Room Problem
Chinese text
Man in room is a fluent Chinese-English interpreter
English text
Chinese text
Man in room full of Chinese-English translation books. Man knows no Chinese.
English text
Do both men know Chinese?
Three Types of Memory
• Iconic (Sensory) Memory: 100-300 msec.
• Short Term (Working) Memory: 1-30
sec.
• Long Term Memory: > 2 min.
INFORMATION PROCESSING MODEL OF MEMORY
A 4 Q I
B 9 6 Z
4 N 7 L
TEST FOR ICONIC MEMORY
Examples of Chunking
• SOHCATOA
• ROYGBIV
• 1433426086125
• XFBICIADVDNHLUSAZ
Remember This Position
Serial Position Curve
Contribution of Rehearsal to Serial Position Effect
Effect of Rate Presentationon Serial Position Effect
Manipulating the Recency Effect
“Shallow” Are these words in the same typeface?“HOUSE-trick”
“Medium” Do these words rhyme?“BALL-TALL”
“Deep” Are these words synonyms?“CAR-AUTOMOBILE”
Different Levels of Processing in Working Memory
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