Macromolecules
What is a molecule?A group of two or more atoms held together by covalent bondsEx: H2O, Glucose, CH3, Cyclohexane
What is a macromolecule?A very large molecule made up of repeating molecules or subunits (monomers) linked (polymerized) together to make a polymer.
What are the 4 major macromolecules that make up all cells?
Carbohydrates
Nucleic AcidsProteins
Lipids
Carbohydrates - sugarsCarbohydrates are made up of monomers call monosaccharide (one sugar)
carbo-: sounds like carbon-hydrate: means something combined with water
General formula for carbohydrates: CnH2nOn
Carbohydrates - sugarsCarbohydrates are made by a dehydration reaction
1 monosaccharide + 1 monosaccharide 1 disaccharide + 1 H2O
Polysaccharide sugars- made of 100’s to 1000’s of glucose (a type of monosaccharide) monomer units linked by dehydration reactions
ex: starch Function of a carbohydrate is usually to be an energy source for cells
Lipids - FatsLipids are made of a monomer of 1 glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acids (triglyceride)
Not Really a Polymer!!
ProteinsProteins are made of a monomer of amino acids
The R-group makes each amino acid different
Proteins Amino acids are linked together by a dehydration
reaction
A long chain of amino acids linked together is called a polypeptide chain or polypeptide
When a polypeptide chain folds together it makes protein.
Proteins perform the cells functions and gives a cell structure
Proteins
Nucleic Acids – DNA/RNANucleic acids are made of monomers called
nucleotidesNucleotides link together by dehydration reactions
Each Nucleotide has 3 main parts
Nucleic Acids – DNA/RNA