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L THUYT QUN TRL THUYT QUN TR
A. Khi nim: L thuyt qun tr l mt h thngnhng t tng, quan nim, c kt, gii thch vcc hot ng qun tr.
B. Qu trnh pht trin ca l thuyt qun tr:
5.000 nm trc cng nguyn ngi Sumerian hon thin quy trnh thng mi
8.000 nm trc cng nguyn nhng kim t thp ldu tch v trnh k hoch
Ngi Trung Hoa cng c nhng nh ch chnhquyn cht ch.
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L THUYT QUN TRL THUYT QUN TR
n th k 18, con ngi cng ch tp trungvo kha cnh k thut ca sn xut
Th k 19, cc hot ng qun tr mi tht ssi ni
Feerick Taylor u th k 20 t nn mngcho qun tr hin i .
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CC L THUYTQUN TR
L Thuyt tm l xhi trong qun tr
Trng phi tchhp trong qun tr
Cc l thuytc in v qun tr
L thuyt h thngv nh lng
qun tr
L THUYT QUN TRL THUYT QUN TR
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CC L THUY T C I N V QU NTR
Khi nim: thut ng c dng ch nhng kin v t chc v qun tr c a ra Chuu v Hoa K vo nhng nm cui th k 19, uth k 20.
02 dng l thuyt qun tr c in chnh:
L thuyt quntr khoa hc
L thuyt quntr hnh
chnhquanliu
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L thuyt qun tr khoa hc
Mt s tc gi v dng l thuyt qun tr khoahc: ng Charler Babbage (1792 1871) ch trng:
Chuyn mn ho lao ng Dng ton hc tnh ton cch s dng nguyn
vt liu ti u nht
Hai ng-b Frank & Lilian: a ra mt h thng xp loi bao trm cc ng
tc
Xc nh nhng ng tc d tha Ch tm vo nhng ng tc thch hp
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L thuyt qun tr khoa hc
Mt s tc gi v dng l thuyt qun tr khoa hc: ng Henry L. Gantt (1861 1919): S m t dng cng vic Vch ra nhng giai on ca cng vic theo k hoch
ng Frederic Winslow Taylor (1856 1915): "cha " ca phng php qun tr khoa hc Tm ra v ch trch mnh lit cc nhc im trong cch
qun l c:
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L thuyt qun tr khoa hc
Thu mn cng nhn trn c s ai n trcmn trc
Khng c h thng t chc hc vic
Cng vic lm theo thi quen
Cng vic v trch nhim u c giao chongi cng nhn
Nh qun tr lm vic bn cnh ngi th
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4 nguyn tc quntr khoa hcca
FredericTuyn chn mtcch khoa hc
Nh qun tr m nhntt c nhng cng victhch hp
Pht trin khoa hcthay th phng php
kinh nghim c Hp tc vi cng nhn
L thuyt qun tr khoa hcL thuyt qun tr khoa hc
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Cc cng tc qun tr tng ng Frederic a ra:
Nghin cu thi gian v cc thao tc hp l
nht thc hin cng vic.
Dng cch m t cng vic (Job Description)
chn la cng nhn.
L thuyt qun tr khoa hc
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Cc cng tc qun tr tng ng Frederic a ra:
Tr lng theo nguyn tc khuyn khch theo
sn lng.
Thng tin trong cng vic.
L thuyt qun tr khoa hc
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Tm li:Trng phi qun tr khoa hc c nhiu ng gpc gi tr cho s pht trin ca t tng qun tr .
Gii hn:
p dng tt trong trng hp mi trng n nh Qu cao bn cht kinh t v duy l ca con ngi
qu ch tm n vn k thut
L thuyt qun tr khoa hc
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Trng phi ny pht trin nhngnguyn tc qun tr chung cho c mt t
chc gi l t tng qun tr t chc cin.
Trng phi ny c: Max Weber Henry Fayol
Trng phi qun tr hnh chnh
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ng Max Weber(1864 -1920):
pht trin mt t chc "quan liu" bn giy
Nhng c tnh v ch ngha quan liu ca Weber:
Phn cng lao ng
Cc chc v c thit lp theo h thng ch huy
Nhn s c tuyn dng v thng cp theo kh nngqua thi c
Cc hnh vi hnh chnh v cc quyt nh phi thnhvn bn
Qun tr phi tch ri s hu
Trng phi qun tr hnh chnh
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ng Henry Fayol(1841 -1925):
Cho rng nng sut lao ng km l do cng nhnkhng bit cch lm vic
14 nguyn tc qun tr:
1. Phi phn cng lao ng.
2. Phi xc nh r mi quan h gia quyn hnh v trchnhim
3. Phi duy tr k lut trong x nghip
4. Mi cng nhn ch nhn lnh t mt cp ch huy trc tipduy nht
Trng phi qun tr hnh chnh
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1. Cc nh qun tr phi thng nht kin khi ch huy.
2. Quyn li chung lun lun phi c t trn quynli ring
3. Tr th lao tho ng
4. quyt nh trong x nghip phi tp trung v mt mi.
5. H thng thng tin thng sut.
Trng phi qun tr hnh chnh
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10. Sinh hot trong x nghip phi c trt t.
11. S i x trong x nghip phi cng bnh.
12. Cng vic ca mi ngi trong x nghip phi nnh.
13. Ch ng trong cng vic.
14. X nghip phi xy dng cho c tinh thn tpth.
Trng phi qun tr hnh chnh
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Tm li:Ch trng nng sut lao ng s cao trongmt t chc c sp t hp l.
Hn ch:
T tng c thit lp trong mt t chc n nh
Quan im qun tr cng rn t ch n con ngi v x hi
Trng phi qun tr hnh chnh
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L THUYT TM L X HI TRONG QUN TR
L thuyt hnh vi Hiu qu ca qun tr do nng sut lao
ng quyt nh s tho mn cc nhu cu tm l x hi
ca con ngi c pht trin mnh bi cc nh tm l
hc trong thp nin 60
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L THUYT TM L X HI TRONG QUN TR
Robert Owen (1771 - 1858)
Ngi u tin ni n nhn lc trong tchc
ng ch trch cc nh cng nghip b tin rapht trin my mc nhng li khng ci tins phn ca nhng "my mc ngi"
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L THUYT TM L X HI TRONG QUN TR
Hugo Munsterberg (1863- 1916)
Cha ca ngnh tm l hc cng nghip
Nghin cu mt cch khoa hc tc phong cacon ngi
ng cho rng nng sut lao ng s cao hn nu
cng vic giao ph cho h c nghin cuphn tch chu o
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L THUYT TM L X HI TRONG QUN TR
Mary Parker Follett (1868 - 1933) L nh nghin cu v tm l qun tr
Cc nh qun tr s nhn thc c mi mtngi lao ng l mt th gii phc tp
Nh qun tr nn ng vin s c hiu qu hn
Ngi i tin phong v l thuyt hnh vi v
qun tr h thng
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L THUYT TM L X HI TRONG QUN TR
Abraham Maslow (1908 - 1970) Nhu cu ca con ngi gm 5 bc:
Nhu cuvt cht
Nhu cuan ton
Nhu cux hi
Nhu cu ctn trng
Nhu cu t hon thin
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L THUYT TM L X HI TRONG QUN TR
Douglas Mc Gregor (1906 - 1964) Gi thuyt sai lm v tc phong v hnh vi ca
con ngicc nh qun tr trc y
Gregor gi nhng gi thit l X
ngh mt lot gi thuyt khc m ng gi l Y
Thuyt Y cho rng con ngi s thch th vi
cng vic nu c c nhng thun li
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L THUYT TM L X HI TRONG QUN TR
T nhng kt qu nghin cu ti nh myHawthorne do Elton Mayo(1880 - 1949)thc hin
S tho mn cc nhu cu tm l ca con ngi
nh: Mun c ngi khc quan tm
Mun c ngi khc knh trng
Mun c vai tr quan trng trong s nghip chung
Mun lm vic trong bu khng kh thn thin gia cc ngs v.v...
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L THUYT TM L X HI TRONG QUN TR
Quan im c bn ca l thuyt ny gingnh quan im ca l thuyt qun tr
khoa hc
L thuyt tm l x hi cho rng, yu ttinh thn c nh hng mnh i vi
nng sut ca lao ng
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L THUYT TM L X HI TRONG QUN TR
Tm li: T tng chnh ca nhm tm l xhi Doanh nghip l mt h thng x hi
Quan tm n nhng nhu cu x hi Tp th nh hng trn tc phong c nhn (tinh
thn, thi , kt qu lao ng...)
Lnh odo cc yu t tm l x hi ca tchc chi phi
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L THUYT H THNG V NH LNG QUN
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L THUYT H THNG V NH LNG QUNTR
T thp nin 50, cc k thut nh lng ccc nh cng nghip M quan tm v p dngvo vic nghin cu
Kt qulm ny sinh mt l thuyt na v quntr ra i: L thuyt h thng (system theory) L thuyt nh lng v qun tr (quantitative
management) L thuyt khoa hc qun tr (management science)
L THUYT H THNG V NH LNG QUN
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L THUYT H THNG V NH LNG QUNTR
c tnh: Nhn mnh phng php khoa hc trong khi
gii quyt cc vn qun tr
p dng phng php tip cn h thng giiquyt cc vn
S dng cc m hnh ton hc
L THUYT H THNG V NH LNG QUN
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L THUYT H THNG V NH LNG QUNTR
nh lng ho cc yu t c lin quan v pdng cc php tnh ton hc v xc sut thng k
Ch cc yu t kinh t - k thut trong qun trhn l cc yu t tm l x hi
S dng my tnh in t lm cng c
Tm kim cc quyt nh ti u trong h thngkhp kn
L THUYT H THNG V NH LNG QUN
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L THUYT H THNG V NH LNG QUNTR
Theo l thuyt nh lng, h thng ccc tc gi nh ngha nh sau:
Berthalanlzy: H thng l phi hp nhng yut lun lun tc ng li vi nhau
Miller: H thng l tp hp cc yu t cng vinhng mi quan h tng tc
L THUYT H THNG V NH LNG QUN
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L THUYT H THNG V NH LNG QUNTR
H thng l phc tp ca cc yu t:
To thnh mt tng th
C mi quan h tng tc
Tc ng ln nhau t mc tiu
L THUYT H THNG V NH LNG QUN
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L THUYT H THNG V NH LNG QUNTR
Doanh nghip l mt h thng:
Mt h thng m c lin h vi mi trng
To ra li nhun
L THUYT H THNG V NH LNG QUN
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L THUYT H THNG V NH LNG QUNTR
H thng doanh nghip bao gm nhiu phn h cmi quan h tng tc:
Phn h cng ngh
Phn h nhn s, phn h ti chnh
phn h t chc
phn h qun tr
phn h kim tra v.v...
L THUYT H THNG V NH LNG QUN
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L THUYT H THNG V NH LNG QUNTR
S 2.1. Doanh nghip l mt h thng
Nhng yu tu vo (Input)
Din trnhbin i
Nhng yu tu ra (Out put)
Mi trng (Enviroment)
L THUYT H THNG V NH LNG QUN
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L THUYT H THNG V NH LNG QUNTR
Tm li:
nh lng l s ni di ca trng phi c
in (qun tr mt cch khoa hc)
Thm nhp hu ht trong mi t chc hin ivi nhng k thut phc tp
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TRNG PHI TCH HP TRONG QUN TR
Phng php qun tr qu trnh(Management process approach):
Pht trin mnh t nm 1960 do cng caHarold Koontz v cc ng s
Qun tr l mt qu trnh lin tc ca cc chc
nng qun tr
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TRNG PHI TCH HP TRONG QUN TR
Cc chc nng ny c gi l nhng chcnng chung ca qun tr
Bn cht ca qun tr l khng thay i
T khi c Koontz pht trin th phng phpqun tr qu trnh ny tr thnh mt lnh vcc ch nht
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TRNG PHI TCH HP TRONG QUN TR
Phng php tnh hung ngu nhin(Contingancy approach):
Cn c vo tnh hung c th vn dng phihp cc l thuyt c t trc
L thuyt c in v tm l x hi u ch trng nngsut lao ng l cha kho t hiu qu qun tr.
Nhm nh lng, tri li cho rng vic ra quyt nhng n l cha kho ny.
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TRNG PHI TCH HP TRONG QUN TR
Phng php tnh hung ngu nhin(Contingancy approach):
Fiedler l tc gi i din cho phng php tnhhung qun tr
Qun tr hc nh th cuc i khng th da vocc nguyn tc n gin
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TRNG PHI TCH HP TRONG QUN TR
Kt hp vo thc t bng mt cch hi nhp nhngnguyn tc qun tr vo trong khun kh hon cnh
N c xy dng trn lun "nu c X th tt c Y
nhng ph thuc vo iu kin Z"
Phng php tnh hung ngu nhin c cho lhp l theo trc gic
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TRNG PHI TCH HP TRONG QUN TR
Trng phi qun tr Nht Bn:
L thuyt Z (William Ouchi):
Kaizen (ci tin) ca Masaakiimai
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TRNG PHI TCH HP TRONG QUN TR
L thuyt Z (William Ouchi):
L thuyt Z c mt gio s ngi M gc Nht Bn lgio s William Ouchi xy dng
Ch trng n quan h x hi v yu t con ngi trong tchc
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TRNG PHI TCH HP TRONG QUN TR L thuyt Z c cc c im sau:
Cng vic di hn Quyt nh thun hp
Trch nhim c nhn
Xt thng thng chm
Kim sot kn o bng cc bin php cng khai
Quan tm n tp th v c gia nh nhn vin...
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TRNG PHI TCH HP TRONG QUN TR
Kaizen: Kaizen ch trng n qu trnh ci tin lin tc Tp trung vo 3 yu t nhn s: gii qun l, tp th v c
nhn
Bao hm khi nim sn xut va dng lc (JIT: Just-In-Time)
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TRNG PHI TCH HP TRONG QUN TR
Tm li: C thuyt Z v Kaizen chnh l chakho ca s thnh cng v qun l ca
Nht Bn ngy nay.
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BI TP
Trng phi qun tr quan liu bn giy c gkhc vi thut ng quan liu ngy nay khng?
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FOR YOUR ATTENTIONFOR YOUR ATTENTION