CHAPTER 2 The American Colonies Emerge

Plymouth Rock

Section 2

An English Settlement at Jamestown

The first permanent English settlement in North America is founded at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607.

NEXT

The European Colonies

An English Settlement at Jamestown

1st permanent English settlement in North America was Jamestown, Virginia in 1607

Joint Stock companies – investors joined together to raise funds to establish colonies

Virginia Company granted charter by King James I of England to start colony

John Smith becomes leader of colony

Disastrous Start

What factors led to the disastrous start at Jamestown, Virginia? Pg. 43

Not prepared to work – more interested in gold

Not prepared for the rugged life John Smith injured Powhatan natives begin to destroy cattle and

crop Starving time

Jamestown survives….

What role does tobacco play in the survival of Jamestown? P45

Labor force needed to grow tobacco………

Comparison of labor sourcesHeadright

system

•Paid own passage

•Received 50 acres of land

•Failed to provide enough labor

Indentured Servants

•Worked in exchange for passage

•Failed to provide enough labor

Slavery

•1619

•Imported in large numbers

Native Americans

What was the relationship between the colonists and the Native Americans? p.46

Chief Powhatan

Marriage of Pocahontas to John Rolfe

Bacon’s Rebellion Poor frontier farmers demanded that the Governor Berkeley protect them from the

Natives Berkeley refused Nathaniel Bacon – led a rebellion against the governor Bacon marches on Jamestown to speak

with House of Burgesses- 1st colonial legislature in America

Nathaniel Bacon

Nathaniel Bacon leads Virginia settlers against Native Americans during Bacon’s Rebellion in 1676.

Puritans – church members who wanted to “purify” or reform the Church of England. – Came to new world for religious reasons –

believed that the Church of England was too Catholic

Origins- English Reformation – King Henry VIII broke from the Catholic church to form the Anglican Church.

Separatists (Pilgrims) were Puritans who believed that the Church could not be reformed – members should separate from the church.– Pilgrims – left England to escape persecution –

founded Plymouth Colony in 1620 (2nd colony)

Section 3

Puritan New England

Dissent in the Puritan Community

What problems did RogerWilliams and Anne

Hutchinsonhave with Puritan beliefs?

P.52Roger Williams believed that land taken from the Indians must be paid for and settlers should not be punished for their religious beliefs – He founded Rhode Island based on religious freedom

Anne Hutchinson – believed that worshipers did not need the church to interpret the Bible for them.

Disputes between Native American and Colonists

Land Treaties Native Americans

•land treaties were agreements to share the land for which they received gifts.

Europeans

•Land treaties were a one-time deal in which the Natives permanently sold their land to new owners.

Pequot War

1637 first major conflict occurred when Pequot nation decided to fight back against the colonists.

Colonists nearly destroyed the Pequot nation in a brutal battle

King Philip’s War

Wampanoag chief Metacom (King Philip) leads war against the English settlers in New England in 1675.

War ends with English victory, but with many deaths

New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware

The Dutch founded New Netherland and named the capital New Amsterdam

The English drove the Dutch out of the colony and changed the name to New York

Divided into New York – New Jersey - Delaware

Section 4

Settlement of the Middle Atlantic Colonies

Middle Colonies

Penn’s Holy Experiment

William Penn started the colony of Pennsylvania for religious freedom for the Quakers.

How did Quaker beliefs compare to Puritan beliefs? P.57

Answer: held services w/o ministers, dressed plainly, everyone was equal, peaceful, representative government, freedom of religion

Southern Colonies

Maryland, Georgia, North & South Carolina, Virginia

Maryland – religious freedom North and South Carolina – owners

wanted to establish large plantations Georgia – to help debtors

Southern Colonies