No. 6-VoL.-Lt

Fr-IDA\' ,

6TII FElll:uARY. 1953

l.,t ....... •1 ..... CJ'.D• ., • H•••plp.tf

Price 6d.

founded by ]Yfahalma Gandhi in 1903

Eanh's JIlultitudes are sundered.

Each half is afraid of the other and of the lethal steel that mayshatter a double curtain. One that separates peoples, and another thatholds off atomic annihilation.

On one side, from brewing vats of potent dogma, bitter fumes ariseand swirl in provoc.lti,-e snarls; while from the other come e.vil odours offierce apprehension and wrath.

In vain we seek the unsullied. air of a' fraternity where minds canspeak without fear. distorted suspicion and propagated enmity.

\Vhat can raise or demolish the curtain?...\Vhat can open pathways of peace, si~nposted with respect and

goodwill ?

\Vhat can remove the infectious poison!

1\laybe we need first to appreciate how every iron curtain comesfrom an ancient foundry that fashions many intimidating protections

\Vas not "Apartheid" made therein, and all its variations, impactedwith colour-bars, and wrought by dwarfs obsessed with gross prejudice­foolish little craftsmen who worship a god clad only in pink and nevertawny

\Vas not also made t"herein all racial arrogance and national enmi~y?-the fevered blindness that saw. no affinity of mood between "RuleBritannia and "Deutschland uber Alles" and orcrated the cynical paradoxof seeking to rearm disarmed aggressors I

\Vere not therefn made the arrogant devices that ha"e shelteredwealth and class-privilege?

Ah, but therein also :lre manufactured the weapons and armour 01 allvanity and pride, the harsh instruments of intolerance of creative thoughtand the missiles of human hatred.

Surely no demolition of vast curtained blasphemy can succeed unlesswe become more apt in the crafts needing a richer courage, a more percep­tive eye, winged devotion, a faithful stability of spirit an~ a more sensitiveappraisal of the whole 1\lan.

Surely we pursue our massive task effectually only if, dissolving .hefear that mental divergence muSt issue in hostile severance, ~ve remove'the mental screen between your heart and mine.

I low can we bring Earth's kindred into fellowship unless knowledgebe endued with elements drawn from a precious liberated personal com-munion that can penetrate beyond implacable wills? .

-R, W. Sorensen,

HB)' l!rine OWIl Nllfs ~a'LJ

Ic-aru to li'leAltd If //101 thwart thet'

la!"£' 110 had.And 1/ I1lW halt' tllce

hat/£' 110 care.Sin£; Ihou Ihy SOU!! alld

do Ih) deed.Hope Iho/l Ik)' hope aud

fray' III)' /,1'11)'0"."

"illasler of IlIrmall dtstilliesalii /.'

/:ant£'. lo,'c aud forlllllcou 111)' foolst.-ps 1l1ail;

eiliN atld jid,.{s / walk,I pellelral£,

Deurls a1ld s£'as remole,

alld fassill.r: /I)'.Ifovd aud marl alld

palace-sooll or laIcI knocl~ 117lbiddell, 01lC<:

al ef'a')' Kale/

If sleeping, wake-iffeaslil~~·. rift' bep1re

I IlIr1l away. /1 is lite

hour of fall'.And Ihey who jollow me

l'each ever)' slaleA/orlals desire, a1ld

conquer c'ifer)' joeSave dealh,lml Ihose who

doubt or hesilale,Condchlncd to failul'c.

petl1l1')' alld woe,Seck tile ill 'Jain -aud

tlselessly t'1up!or..­1·t%lISWCI' 1101, <11ld !

rellll'1I 110 11/ore."-Ingalls.

IRON CUI~TAINS

Catastrophe To Be. Preferred?

FRIDAY. 6TH FEBRUARY. 1953

INDIAN

INDIANOPINION

6th '.~'Uiry, •..,

Rheinallt Jones1\\1\1 EN of goodwiJI in

JJ. VII all the racial camp!received with grief

the news of the death, aftera long illness, of Mr. J. D.Rheinallt Jones.

. For many years he ,,~

very closely associated withthe S )uth African (nstituteof Race Relations, which hefounded and whose presi­dent he was when he' died.He could be called a cham­pion of the rights of theman of colour. But inbeing that, he was a cham­pion of the old school. Herecognised the evils in oursocial system. Throughouthis long pUblic life he be·lieved that the group he led-a few Africans, Euro­peans, Indians and a hand­ful of Coloureds - could,through discussion, re­search, bulletins, deputa­tions and memoranda, buildan effective bridge betweenthe \Vhite and the non-\Vhite races. ,

. As a means for buildingcloser personal friendshipJbetween the select few, bismethods probably worked.But tried a2'ainst the na­tional canvas, they broughtthe word "liberal" into dis­repute.

Liberalism's failure to bean effective bridge broughtinto being African National­ism; a new force now tryinl:'to bring the African to the~ositio? where ho can nego­tiate With the \Vhiteman onterms of equality_ As thingsstand to-day, the liberalismfor which Rheinallt Jonesstood is definitely on the"c:y o~t. But the greatestthing IS that (rom the ruinsof the old. a new liberalismis arising which holds with­in itself' the promise ofbuilding a true and durablebridge between \Vhite andnon-White men o(i6odwill,This in, .itself, is a magni­ficent tribute to the visionof RheinaIIt JODes For. . ,when the history of thetimes comes to be writtenmen will say of him th:lt h~held the torch-albeit fal­te~ingly-a?low 'and keptalive the faith. Therein laythe man's greatness.

If this cannot be dont: byorderly and planned pro­cesses, civil war communalmurd~rs, the forceful reomoval of people from theirhomes (~or these thingshappened where the "dyna.mic of n;ttionality" \v;n) areprospccts which Mr. Cillieinvites us to look to withcquanimity.

rn all this, of courst', v:.hathe really succeeds in doingis ~lO state, in effect, thatthe bridge between those\Vhitemen who think as hedoes and the non· \-Vhites isultimately unbrid~cable. Inthe end efforts to bridge itmight produce catastmphicresults. This explains whythe Government has comealong with the Public SafetyBill. If the non-Europeanscan, by peaceful organisa­tion and orderly demonstra­tions, create situations wherethey can place themselves inthe position of negotiat­ing 09 terms of equalitywith the Whiteman, thevotaries of the "nationalitydy~amic" will not hesitateto resort to extreme mea­sures to silence all demandsfor reform.

We know.Mr. Cillie doesnot speak for the' majC\rityof the White people whenhe postulates that thebridge between them andthe non-Whites is ultimatelyunbridgeable. Very manyof them might not be lib­erals. That we concede.But very many of themwant a stable so~iety­

something they would notget if the "dynamic of oa.'tionality" held its way allalong the line.

But the greatest dangerin l\Ir. Cillie's catastrophe­talk is that it hardensnon· E'uropean opinion andcreates a black dynamic ofnationality. When dynamicsof nationalitY' clash, theyusually leave behind tpema trail of destruction whichat best can only be a monu­ment to human stupidity.

OPINioN

i\J r. Cillie's casc: H is dog­matic approach to the mythof nationality and his thinlydisguised hostility to reasonas the final arbiter in therelations betwe~n Black andWhile in this country.

The chief value of lhisstalement of Malanitc in­tentions, however, is that itmakes clearer the truc aimsof Afrikaner Nationalismand reflects in clearer lightthe evils against' which themen of colour, in commonwith ''''hite qemocrats, haveto fight.

'The "dynamic of nation­ality" is a myth defied bythe Nazis. Those whoaccept it reg~rd themselvesas being·threatened by thoseamong whom they live.Although, ~he}' are veryloud in professing allegianceto the Christian faith, theynever realise that as Soonas the "dynamic ·of nation­ality" becomes the "Be-All­and· End-All" in life, Truth,Justice ;lOd Christian Lovego by the bo~rd. In theirplact: "remain crude self­interest and an uncomprQ­mising rejection of theGolden Rule.

Mr. Cillie rejects withscorn the idea of"n nationmade up of Black and Whitepeople. The fact that theBlacks are in the majorityis only an incidental fear.Nationality is the decidingfactor. And because it is,tholle who belong to I a dif­ferent nationality groupcannot be rea~ol1ed with;ale not people with whomto share a common citizen­ship. They are peoplealways to be kept apart.

ai

T IlE current issue ofthe 'Forum' containsan article by an ad­

vocate of apartheid whichdeserves to be ponderedover by cvery South Afri­can. Mr. P. J. Cillie, aneditor of 'Die Burger,' theCapetown Afrikaans organof the Government, startsby .5:lying that ". .. ollrcolour prpblcm is in realitymainly a £?roblem of nation·'ality, in essence. quite an·alogous to that of countrieslike India, Palestine andIreland . ._. Ever sinceUnion they' (most Whitepeople) have increasinglyfelt that White South Africacon~titutes or should con­stitute a separate and dis­tinctive '~ation , . , To main­tain that, economic forceshaving made nonsense ofprevious attempts at theterritorial sl::paratlon. ofraces, we must now acceptthe inevitable by includingthe Black majori~y in ourblueprint for the futureSouth African nation, seemsto be an example of thefallacy of regarding econo·mic facts as somehow moreimportant and powerful thanthe forces of nationality.The dynamic of nationalitywill not be denied; and if agreater measur~, of terri­torial apartheid should prove

'tel be impossible by orderlyand planned processes, \ na­tionality\ will probably inthe end resort to the catas­trophic methods it employedin those partitioned coun­tries (Palestine and India)referred to above."

Two thing~ will immedi­",tely strike the' reader n

6th February, 1953 INDIAN OPINION 83

NOTESwe must act with wisdom ar.dunderstanding if we are 10

survive," Dr. Steyn said. "Wemust look for poinls of contact.We must not exaggerate ourdifferences and prejudices. "Hav·ing a heterogeneous population,it is only by co.operation, amongall sections that we will have anysuccess. The Africa and theSouth Arrica of yesterday willnever return-we must ileal withthe new conditions in a newway."

....I.11""o1II..tll •••lh.*UI~.O••••h ..I".....I...." ,ltl •.ID. I•• ,

CHANGE OF NAME

NEW BOOKS;i

In response to our request toour readers for proposals tochange the n:lme of 'IndianOpinion,' we have now receivedthe following names: 'LiberalOpinion: 'The Statesman,' 'NewOutlook,' 'Afric~n Dawn,' 'TimesOf Africa,' 'Equality' 'CandIdOpinion' and 'Justinian.' Readersare requested to kindly sendfurther, suggestions.

Manager 'Indian Opinion.'

A Nation Bnilder At Work-13y Pyorelall/6

,Why Prohibition-By Knmorappa 1/-

5atyagraha In B.A.-By M. K. Gandhi 12/6

Autobiography Of MahatmaGandhi 18/­

Bapoo's Letters To Ashram Sisters-By Kaka Kalelkllf 2/6

Which WilY Lies Hope-By R. B. Gregg 2/

Gandhi And Marx-By K. G. MlIshrnwala ',!/i

A Righteous Stragglo-By Mahadev Desai 2/3

Economy Of Pcrmanence-By Kumarappa 3/-

The Wit And Wisdom Of Gandhi-By Homer A. Jack 22/-

A Gandhi Anthology-By. V. G. DellBi Ud

The Story 01 The Bible-By S. K.\Ge:lrge 6/~

Obtainable 'from:'INDIAN OPINION'~ .pfBag, PbeonilC. Natal.

curiosity or otherwise, and thatas soon as they entered the loca·tion the crowd would followthem.

They behaved in a mannerand did acts calculated to causeNatives to resist and contravenethe law,

e:ttl1e to South Africa in 190;Mr, Rheinallt Jones had beenseriously ill since the middle ofDecember from a suspected.tropical infection. He visitedPortuguese and British territOriesin East Africa, the Sudan, Europ~and the United Kingdom aedCentral Africa towards the end oflast year.

PATRICK DUNCAN, MANILAl GANDHIAND OTHER RESISTERS SENTENCED

THE trial of eight participantsin the defiance campaign in

Germiston on December 8, con­cluded on Wednesday morning,February 4, when all were con­victed of a charge of behaving inII maoner calcubted to causeNatives to resist and contravene alaw, or to prevail upon them toresist and contravene a law, or toprevail upon them to obstruct theadministration of any law byleading :1 procession or group ofNatives into the Germiston loca­tion.

Mr. Patrick Duncan, son ofthe first Governor-General ofSouth Africa, was fined £100 or100 tIays' imprisonment withcompulsory labour, and Mr.Manilal Gandhi; son of'MabatmaGandhi and editor of 'IndianOpinion' was fined £50 or 50days. !

Du Ttlit, Troup, Stamelmannand Cohen were each fined £50or. 50 days, balf suspended forthree years on condition thatthey do not commit a similaroffence during the period ofsuspension.

Holt and Shall were each fined£20 or 20 days, similarly sus­pended for three years.

Bail was fixed pending anappeal.

In finding tbe accused guilty,the Magistr:lte said that it wasobvious Mr. Duncan was a verywell educated and very intelligenttype of person, and on'e wboheld a responsible position, Itwas also obvious that the otherswere well educated and intelligenttypes,

Mr. Duncan had left the Colo­nial Service to take part in thepolitical sphere, and he came toJohannesburg on December 4 toparticipate in the defiance cam­paign.

Mr. Duncan had told the Courtthat he intended to enter thelocation in defiance of the permitregulations and that he had nopermit 10 do so.

The accused must have knownthat tbeir action of entering thelocation would cause :1 crowd ofNatives to collect, whether out of

social and welfare work, bothamong the Native and the Euro­pean communities and was arecognised authority on' racerelations, juvenile employment,education and tecbnical training.AI a speaker and writer he madeconsiderable contributions in allthese spheres. He was bornin North Wales in 1884, and

Oeath- Of Rheinallt Jones

Mr. J. D. Rheinallt Jones, pre­sident of the South African In­stitute. of Race Relations andadviser on Native affairs to theAnglo-American Corporation ofSoutb Africa, died in Johannes·burg. He was 68. For fiveyears-from,1937 to 1942-Mr.Rheinallt Jones sat in the Senateas elected representative of tbeNatives for the Transvaal andOrange Free State. Soon afterhe retired from the Senate, bebecame Director of lhe SouthAfrican Institute of Race Rela·tions. Throughout his publiclife be was actively engagtd in

Institute Calls For Racial, Conferences

The findings Commiuee of th~

South African Institute of RaceRelations recently made thefollowing recommendations onthe Union's racial tensions:-totbe 23rd annual meeting ofthe institutes Council:-l. ThatCouncil approves the Statementof the fundamental beliefs andattitudes of the Iostitule ofRace Relations as conlained inthe pamphlet"".go forward infaith."

2. That it is urgently necessaryto re-establish contact betweenall the population groups in ourcountry.

3. That, therefore, a Con'ference or series of Conferencesof responsible individuals drawnfrom the' various, populationgroups should be organised withas little delay as pOSSible.

4. That ,Councial instruct theincoming Executive Committeeof the Institute to arrallge forsuch Confereace or Conferences,and to decide both on the timeand place for these Conferellces,and on the progf3mmes of dis­cussion.

5. Council recommends to theincoming Executive Committeethat arrangements be made forthe publication of Mr. QuintinWhyte's assessment of the' situa·tion which led to the publicationof "",go forward in faith,"

Malan's Government DislikesChristian Action Activities

A fund to assist t be familiesand dependents of ci~il disobedience resisters in SoutbAfrica, wbo bave been imprisonedfor resisting the apartheid laws,was launched publicly at a meet­ing in Central full, Westminster,London, recently. , Over a week

. ago Canon L. J. CoUins,Chancellor of St. Paul's Cathedraland Chairman of Cbristian Ac­tion; said that £1,400 had beencollected for the Ftfnd, principallyas the result of a private appealtbrough the post to members ofCbristian Action. Mr. JamesGriffitbs, the former ColonialSecretary, and the Rev. MichaelScott were among those whospoke in support of the (und.The serious view whicb theUnion Government is taking ofMr. Griffitbs' ;lSsociation withthe work of Christian action inraising funds for the dependent.of ,the unjust law resisters inSouth Africa, is reflected inletters wbich the Union .HighCommissioner, Dr. Geyer, has""ritten to Mr. Attlee in thisconnection.

Dnn't Exaggerate Differences-Stern

The question of relationshipsbetween European5 and non­Europeans bad changed more inthe wt 10 years 'tban in theprevious century-not only inSoutb Africa, but througbouttbe world-and the- new con-

• ditions wbicb had been createdb2d to be dealt with in a newway, s~d Dr. Colin Steyn, M.P.,at II United Party meeting inCapetown recently. With oursoull White population in thesouthern 'tip of this coatinent!

Tragedy In Britain, BelgiumAnd Holland

DEATH a~d destruction ca~eto BritalO and Europe dunng

the week end when gales lasbedthe North Sea into a fury whichengulfed people and property inone of the worst natural disastersof the past 100 years. Men,women, children and animalswere drowned or battered tod-.ath. Hundreds are believed tobe dead and thousands renderedbomeless. The sympathy of theworld will eo out to Britain, theNetberlands and Belgium in thisgrievous di5aster. To those whoare suffering and to tbose wboare mourning tbe loss of theirnear and dear ones, go pray­ers and heartfelt compas~ion

of every man and woman ofgoodwill.

iNDIAN OPINION 6th February, 1951

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SMUTS BY HIS SONBy C W. M. GELL

I

85

,nallles of 9,309 Europeans :lDd~51 Indians.

Secondly, the £3 poll tax whichMr, Smuts thinks was imposed to"dc:cr Iodidns from coming toSouth Afnca," was in f:lct in·tcnded to deter Indians who h:adcompleud their term of indenturefrom settling here as free men.The original proposal was for a£25 tax which was punitive bythe standards of those days, Butthc Indian Government, whichcould h:lve cut off the supply ofindentured immigrants, had thisrcduced to £3. The whole historyof Nat:!1 and the Indian immigra­tion is of a strul:gle between theprofits to be obtained from theusc of che"p indentured labourand the anxieties caused by tbegrowing freed Indian community,Profits won every time. No doubtthc colonists would bove liked toimport coolies, subject to theirimmedIate r~patriation on thec"piry of thcir contracts. But itwas tlte Indian Government whichlaId down the terms which Natalhad to accept or go withoutcoolies, Ibvjn~ chosen to acceptboth the terms and the coolies, Itcould not "clamour for repatria­tion" without abrogating its bis­tOrlcal obligJtions which are stillbmding roday, And disfrallchise.ment was rhen, "s it is today, an~ltcmrt to pClpetuate Wbite poli.tical monopoly while continuin[lto reap the profirs of multi-raciolec:>nomy. I do not think thatany uninstructed reader of Mr.Smuts'rem1(1:: "In 191I f'lrlherimmi~ration of Indians inro thecounlry was prohibited," (p,106)would guess either from his wordsor tbeir cOnle"a that this was adeciSIon of the Government ofIndia because of lhe unsatisfac­tory treatment of Iodian~ in theUnion and Ihat it was eoergeti­call}' but unst!cce~~fully opposedby Natal and the Union Govern­ment. Thu5, it was India notSouth Afn;:a whicb broughtcoolie immigration to a dose.

BOlh General Smuts andGaodhiji \"ere too big to considerwhether d'.!ring their politicalCOOlest of 1907-13 one "got the

• bet'cr" of thc other, (p.106) Thehistorical conclusion mUSI be lhatSmu's madc no concession onm:ljor llIallers, though he didhope that dosing Indian immi.gration entirely \Youlll free Euro.peans from the fear which inspiredtheir ,lIlberal policies. That hopewas disJppointed, The concts­sions which Gaodhiji's first cam­paign of sJtyagraha won wneworth mere to Sensitive feelings:I~d raeia[ pride .rhan in materialvalu~, excepr for the repeal of the£3 t~x.

Mr, Smuts regards the Durbanriots of 19~9 as "no reflectionon lbe White mao..... (bUl) anindIcation of tbe ..... anger of ther'~1l\ (~ :It their exploitation byunscrupulous Ir:dian merchants."

OPINION

was (with bricf intcrruptions)continuous from I:>60 to 19 J Jand consrituted by f.lt the greaterporI of the c,ponslon of the Nat:!1Indian popu}a'ion, which ro,efrom 6,000 in I S71 to 21,000 inIH80, to 11,000 in IS91, to101,000 in 190 I "nd to 133,000in 191 J. No n.l1llr,11 incre:!sccould produce these rtsults, e5­peci~lIy since, if the Indians were"breedIng like rabhit<," they werealso (p.lrticubrl~' their infants)dying lI!.c files. There 'vas alsoa hi~h ad\'e~s'" m.lsculinity ratethrou~hout thc pcriod: [66 Indianmales to c\'ery 100 females inIS91, lei9 in 190~ and 156 in1911. The'total indcntured im­migration for tbe period 18(10 to1911 \':as somelllini! over H2,000Indians. Free Indian immi\:rJ-tioJ;! was about 30,000, -

Secondly, and even marc seri­ous th:ln Mr. Smuls' mistakenfcrtillty 'nfercnces, Ihe picture ofthe patIent, 10ng·sufkrlOf': Euro­peans of Natal is qutte untruc tothe facls, By on· o\'erwhelmingmJjorily ,hey :!lJd theIr govern­ment voted for IndlJn cooltes inorder to provide themselves wJlhrehable bbour for theIr plant"­tions. Briton ~nd D:-er, from thetropical COJS! and tlte 111;:::hbndsinbnd, they h~d put their namesdo';?n for Indian bb<)urers foragricultl1t:l1 one! domlStic pur­poses. Nor WJS ir ever open rothem [0 rJi<e :m eifecti\'e cl.1mourfor rtpotri:lt;('n, h~cJwe the In­dian Go\'ernment only s,ncr;onedindentured cm;~ratinn from Indt:!on ten:!s (embodIed in Natal LowI I of 1859, r.ccrio:l 6, 9 :lnd 28)which ferrnitled t'-: c:>:,lie. toheeome free men (,rl the expiryof their ft':e ye1t~ cnntr:Jct :tndoffered them ;'\ r:rant of Cro,,:"bnd in lieu of their free pJ.S:JgP.home, if they prde-red. Th,t i5to say, the Europ~.1ns of Natalfre°elv chose to import Indians onterms Wllich enceur~ged them.vcnTulll)' to serrle as free: mcnand, de<pitc 1 r:ro":inr; volumc ofpro:est fr0m ~omc qUJrter, whichccrr1in!y dec. not r;a,j lIke"cr:::~'51ot:' th:lr ~rplS in rcsic:nJ.tion," a T:1,j'1C;tj' of N,t:tli,ns totheir o',:n ,'erv cor,,,]erobJc rrontcOJtinued to f:lv:>ur Il'e imponingof Indians en thc~~ term; until1911.

On p,lOI !'-lr,' Sr.lut~ m:ll.es·[\':0 more: poi:1" "hleh demJndattention. He says that tIle dis­franehi'ement of the Natal In­di:lns in 1896 "'as a measure ofself-protection to ensure thecrlun'ry should remelD \'<'hite,\Vhether T1'c 'l-cn roru'aticn of-10,000 Eur-peJo<, ;:;1\\ co Indiansand ·1(1l,O:Jn Arr;=.~n- ccnstituteda "\Vh,':" CJlI-,lr',' " :- doubtfulmalter, not Imrrn'eel I y lhcc<)ntlnu!d l/""rnl'llCn of Indl:lns,But b" 11 el' r-r:" )(1,(1 0 bdianswere free ~rd cr-cld thccrel,c~lIy

qllallfy fC'f II e ,;:Ie; .rod tireJCluJl Veler!' rell cent:J;ned the

INDIAN

erement (p,I(l3) was not theresult of the glfr of the Cullillandiamond to the Kin~?

There is no point in prolongi~

the list of improbable or in­accurate historical references Noone is lil:c1y to tre:lI Mr, Smuts'book :lS :l reliable I:uide to worldaffairs. His opinions on suchmaUer, are, therefore, curiousbut unimportanr, thougb one issurprised th~t tbe publishcrshave not corrected a few ofthem.

Tbe case is r.!ther difierent,howe\'er, \dth re~oect to SoulbAfrie:m history and lhe chancesof people being misled on issueswbich :lre stili alive toJav aremuch ~re:lIer. I think it is im·portant, th:refore, that the un­rc1iJbihtr of Me. Smuts' opinionson his own country's hislol'vshould be widely ~.nown. I shallhope in a later article to ha\'e thcopportunity cf comm:ntw£; on anumher of other topics from thisbooh.. In thi. article I \'111 con­fine ry1~'5e1f to :-'11, Smut5' re­mul:s abollt Indian5 and Asia, inorder to expos: the hmi:alions ofhi~ historical method.

The Jndlan5 firsl ap,eor onp, 91 with N~t.11 importin~ "6,000low-casre I\''!adras Ind.,no." Thisis only :l minor in,'ccurac)', asabout 10 per cent. of lhe~c earlyilIlmil;rant~ \\ ere Brahmins or.Rajputs, In ~ome of the bterbatches as man}' as 21 rer ceht.were Br:lhmins, II per c;nt:Kshatriyas or Vaisy.,., at'd onlysome 3S per cem. Sudr.1s or out­castes. Certai!!)y o\'er the wholeperiod of immigration lh" 10\\ ercastes eon"der.lbly outnumberedth" higher, .1, thq' do in tbefJopulallon of IndIa Or indced(spea"'o£: of ebss~s) of aoy olhercountry at :111.

Tbe ne,t misrepresentation rsfar moce serious. ;\'[". S:nutswrites: "The Ind:an; bred pro'lifically and at th~ turn of theeentur}' presented a fotm'dableproblem .The p,opl~ of Natalinstead of raisin!:, a cbmour to ~et

the coolies rep.1triated, merdycrossed tbeir arms in resi~n.1ti(,:J,"

(p.9~) On p. 10 1 be writes: • TheIndian people ';ere breeding likerabbllS and lbe country Wol~ f~st

becoming s\\:amped by them:'And on p.106: "The 6,000 In.dians originally impcrred had b"J950 mul[iplted to 250000." J

Any unsuspecting re~der \-;-c,,oldsurcly Suppo,e from these stolte­menls Ih.ll the t01.11 immll;ratlonwao 6,000 aed IhJt nJlural in­ereas" was Ihereafter re<pcno'Hefor the gro" Ih of the Ind'anpopul~tion in the Union. Bur, 'nfac', illdenlured Ind.an bbcur

6th February. 1953

LIBERAL PERSPECTIVE

MR. SMUTS' life of his father(Dssell, 25(-) does not pre­

tend to be the official biographyIt is .:l personal wlogy. It tellsus ~ good deal about GeneralSmuts' personality :lnd the im­pression he cre;lted amon!: thosenearest :lnd de;uest to him. Italso quo res extensively from someof bi! speeches which will ndt b;:readily :lvailable elsewhere forsome yeJrs. As General Smutsw:as by any standard a great manwhose vision :md abllitics lefttheir marl: on our country, ourCommoO\\C:llth and our world,this must be :I valuable book.

It is nevertheless a bad book,This is not beause of its un­critial adulation not bec:lUse (Ifthe comparisons between GeneralSmuts and some of his contem­poraries which (notably in thease of Hofmeyr on p.384) seemto tr.lDsgress tbe bounds cf goodtaste. These ~11 rebte to the:lUbject of the book and may be:allowed to such an aUlhor of such;;II book so soon afrer hi3 father'sdeath.

It is ;l bad book princI palIybeC.:luse of what Mr. Smuts has~dJed to it 00 his own account,Perhaps ir is 'unfair to he socritiC.:lI of one who disclaims :IDYqu:Uifications ;lS a journalisr, his­torian or politician. Bur ScuthAfricns notorious(y lack :l criticalhistorial perspective and all tooeasily, therefore, accept suumeDlS!lerved up to them in bbcl: andwhite. And since this book aboutso fOC:lI a figure abounds in looseand in:accurate historicl aSidesby tbe author, there is a realeboger tbat it WIll help to per­petwte wme of the myths whichfeed the vanity :lnd convenienceof a White population preponder­antly :apathetic about irs politicaland social responsibilities.

Where Mr. Smuts commentson world affairs, his \'ie ws areoften absurdly naive or defioitelymisuken. No one except a SouthMriC:ln-possibly no one except:an Afrikaner-seriously believestlut the repercussions of theAnglo·Boer War "still re\'erberatearound the world." (p.2i) Thecomplicity of Joseph Chamberlainin -the Jameson Raid has -longbeen a vexed question, But whoh:as ever before :lnd on whatevidence involved the B rilishPrime Minister, Lord Rosebery?(p.35) To suggest (p.90) that theOUtcry ag:ainst the importation ofChinese bbour for the Reef goldmines decided the Brirish electionof 1905 is to lo~e all Setlse ofproportion. And surtly the Lon­don Land Bank Loan of £5million to the Transvaal Gov-

86 INDIAN OPINION 6th February, 1951

~ ( .

successful organisalioo would be.:I vital f.actor in' bringillg 2boulpolitical change,

It is bard to recalt 2ny Euro·pean who has beea more zealousin the pursuit of soaal justice andof'racial freedom 2nd in whomthere glowed a mote equable.lire. . ,

We who must f::tct (he future,inherit from lhi.s pioneer::t legacyof good worb inspired by firmfaitb. We shall bonour hismemory best by building well onthe solid foundauOllS he laid.

ON DEFIANCEIt he doe., he may have &0

llICl'ifloe career, . I p088ellio~, •_ecurity. family, In faot thewhole order of hl.e IIte. He.healtates moreover to make ~

eommon eanee with aon-Whlte:people spinet White people;notblng In hla lIle and edaoatJoD

• hu prepared hIm for Rob I'step. '

"Many White Obriltlans willllpeak boldI,.• but cannot go 10'

far as to Idenuty themeelvy'with the Blaok man's ca1!~.

It I.e becanle White Bonth'African Ohristlana are moncowardl,. or more hypoorltloaI?It Is becauee they are mor'eoowardl,. thaD, 83Y. the Germemartyrs nnder BlUer? I donot think 10. I- Uilnk It b,beoau!e they ate not yet In. thessme pOlltlon u the GennAD'mart:irl· It Ia no n.e tor In,.- (body to tell Uf, or tor u. to tell'.ouree1ver, that we loon will be:'The truth I. that ont Govern-'ment I.e ot Its own kind OhrletlaD"and no qnesUon baa ,.et beenpaled Lo ne in any luoh talatal'and final way... I

"I do Dot Inggeet that Ilrlt1lh'

OhriBilsn. Ihould not orlUolae I'ne: let them do wh!.t they thinkII rlgbl. Bnt It they do orl\lola,and rebnke, let them lInt hln ';

, .prayed for ae. .

Price ~h

ALAN PATON

INOlA INDEPENDEfiCE NUfdBEl{

Published at Special NWIiber of !NDLUl OPINION to com­memorate the attainment of Freedom by India..

Printed OD art paper and profu.e!Y illu.trated. ,With historic piCtUle9 connected with India·. .truggle for' jFreedom and with photO.ll of the late Dadabhai Naolo}i, T~., ,GokhaIe, Subalh Bose and many others wbo have ..crificedtheir lives in fighting for freedom and of Mahatma Gandhi,Pandit ]awabadal Nehru and many others who' have lim

to see the .fruits of their labour.

Also containinF: a brief Survey of the wadi of the br~National Congress from the time of it. incepticm.

the cru9.1des he preached to IhefDowhen in re.Jlily Ihey believedonly in him.

R. ]. was In the thick of every'conrroveuy over Native policy in ,the last 25 years. Always he.rried to prevent racial di.scrimina·,tion and, when he failed, to·modIfy ;15 evil effects. To his.grut credll, he long recognisedthe cru-=ial imporlance of theAfrican N;nional Congres" reopeatedly endeavourel! to encour·age its Ilrowth, and, to fhe veryend of his life, held that i(S

A N anioIl! by Alan Pilton._ anthor of "Ory the Be·loved Counlry." in tbe 'Ohurohof England Newlpaper' (Ootobel"17,52) descrIbed tho attllade of.

"ome Whltfoll oonth AfrIcan. tGthe ~eflanoe OampalRtl. ''While.White Llbenls and Ohrl.tlanl.being of their tIme and plat-e.ftnd, It Impo!1llble to enpport.aOlively the campaign, theyfind It £qnally Impoaelble tocoodemn U. In tbelr heartstbey hopo It will 8lJcoeed inbrlnllinR about opportunltieafor a rlober and fnller lIle torall pe'ople, bnt they wonldohoosll to lee Inob opportaniUelgiven honourably rather thanunder dnreBa...Tbe British Ohrfe~

tians lee the Issnea very lImplyand clearly. They knew thatSonth Afric3 il In position A.where liB It onght to be Inposition .B: therefore It mn.tmove from A to B at onCll. 8B

a matter of sImple moraUty,Now the White Soutb AfricanOhristlan will QO donbt agreethat South Alrlca onght to bein poaitlon B: bnt if he wlebtllto go there immediately, hekDowe that he will have to gothere by hlmaelf. That· Iepreolsely whnt Mlohael Scottdid.

"Now no ordinary. WhiteSonth Afrlanu Ohrillian doesnot like Rolng plaoee by hl~eelC:

JONES

between Whites and non·\Vhites,no one did more than R. J. toestablisb tb:.t ide:l in the mindsof While people. Not only intbeir offices but also in their!rome at Florida, R. J. :and hisfirst wife set their fellow·citi::ensa splendid example.

Through !:lir weather and foul,R. J .. retained his quiet confidenciin tbe capacity of non·Europe:lQpeople to improve their ownposition. He likewise maintainedhis own' ste:ldy, )persistent pres.sure. through a do::en differentchanne", for alteralion of tbelaws Ihat hampered non' Euro.ptans and held them back.

Under bis direction, the Insti.tute grew and enlarged its hene.ficent activities. R. J. made hisbest con~ribution les~ by oratory::tnd wnting, tbough he was atuse in both, than by the un. ,obtrusive power of :a captivating!'ersonality. It consisted parlly1JI :an unusual resourcefulness in,finding methods by which vaguebenevolence could be convertedinto constructive :lclionj partly inhis Welsh genl,us for discoveringcommon ground where men ofdiffering views could meet; and,most of all, in :an effortless abilityto inspire confidence which be­guiled, people inlo believing in

:lIed much t:!flier. 11 iJ :In in·eviuble corollary of confiningpolitical power to ant ract groupthat that race group is then reosponsible for almost everythingthat happens.

By that Ilrange inversion whichtoven General Smuts for all hisbreadth of vision could nevrrquite overcome in rtg:ard 10 col·'oured peoples (e.g. his comm~n"

on the independence of India andIndonesia), Mr. Smuts considttsthat our situation in South Africail "often complicated by Ihe f:lctth:lt the problems of India :lndEmpire :lre ofren projected ontoour domestic ones," (p,106)There is some truth in this; butmuch more in tbe prOPOSilionthat the Union's racial policies:Ire an abiding source of em·barrassment to the rest of theCommonwealth. '

Mr. Smut's book tontains 50

much that is valuable'that I dourge him to consider whether forfUlure editions he should notmost carefully revise all his ownhistorical comments. The few'here criticised show a seriousdefect in his book whicb is con'stantly repeating itself throughouthis pages ;lDd which could beeliminated without in any W:lIY

detracting from his main purpose.

By JULIUS LEWIN

RHEINAllT

If it is re:ali::ed today that goodrace relations necessarily involveFer~ollal contact and friendsbip

BY the death of Mr. J. D.Rheinallt Jones, the theory

and practia\of race relations havelost tbeir oldest pioneer. In the'South African Institute of RaceRelations, Rheinalll Jones leavesa monumeDl to himself Ihat mayprove more lastin!: than bron::e.In the hearts of countless men:lOd women of all races who knewhim, he le:lves a memory of highpurpose served by great know:ledge and directed by slrong f:lithin humanity.

When he came to Johannesburgfrom the Cape in 1918, HR. J."was already concerned with socialwelfare. He soon reali::ed tb:ltthere could be no social progressin the Union unless the conditionof tbe non·White people wasfirst studied :and then action takenas a result of study. In thisreali::ation he was far in advanceof his times. It was years beforehis view was :accepted by public'opinion in general. To gain itsacceptance, he founded the Insti·tule of Race Relations in 1929,originally with the support of Iheinter· racial Joint Councils th:1the h:td nursed into life in varioustowns.

(p.SI9) Echoes of this line ofre:llsoninl( appeared earlier 011 pp.94 :lind 106. Now, since the bulkof African shopping in Nat:lll (andDurban in particular) is donewith Indian storu :md sincemerchants of all races includesome aVo1ricious persons, no pru­dent per<nn would drny that~O/llC African" may have hadlep,llllnatel:rievances against someIndians. Dut some, :It Isast, ofthis resentment should have beendirecled rather :!gainst the generalrise of prices th:!n the personalaV:lrice of individual merch:lnls.And Europeans bear a share ofthe responsibility for wh:tr h:tp·

.. pened, for (a) the anti-Indianspeeches made during the 1948e1eclion campaign, (b) their fre'quently declared antipalhy toIodians (there were some de·praved Eurol'e:tns who actu:tllycheered the African rioteis on)whicb encourtlged the Afric:Jns tothink the Indians could be attack·ed with impunity, and (c) theapathy of the electorate (virtuallyall·European) in the face of non·European frustration, squalor,homclessness, iIl·health, lack ofeducation etc.-to say nothing of

,the offcnsiv~ against non-Euro·pean rights which has intensifiedin the last four years but origin.

ith february. 1953 INDIAN OPINION 87

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88 '-NOlAN OPINION- 6th February, 1911

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6th February, 1953, INDIAN OPINION 89

By Jc:nOAN K. NGUBANE

DANGERS AHEAD FOR

AFRICAN VIEWPOINT

THE African Nntional Con­gress mi~ht ~oon flOd itsdl

entaos:!ed 'l"tr)' badly il it doesnot exercise a little more dis­cretion in its choice 01 allies.

AI the leader 01 tbe resistancemovement nnd the senior part.ner, wbatt'ver happens to theAfrican N ational Coo[{rt's~ willperlorce produce import not re­sults on the resi~tance move·mC'nt. The leaders 01 the Con.J:fess Deed to remember t11atthey do not It'nd onlv tl'eir ownpeople; they lead all who havechrJSen to join tbe ranks 01 theresiuen. Thus, what wouldperbap! fluume no p,rtic'Jlarsignificance il the resisters weretbe Alricans onlr, might pro.duel' very lar-rt'llcbin[{ reper­CUlSiun~, For tbis reason, theleaden 01 the Alricnn Natioo.. lCon~es, havt', by their fuccessto datto, brough~ on their shoul·defS addition.l responsi')ilitie<,

It is b~ause of thi~ that now,more than nt nny otlwr time,the Coohres. <'loulcl be morethan cart'lul nbout the thior;sit doer.

At the momeot two dan[{rrstbteaten tilt' African NationalCongress-DcI' from the side ofthe Government nnd the otherfrcm the underl:round' leftists.

A, everybody l"tlow<;, theOovernm.nt i, det~rmioed to doone or both 01 two Ihin~f: toh'ill ConJ;ress or erploit itsexistence nod identify the r~­

..iltance mo",rment v;-ith theKenya ~Iau Mau.' Tbe firstmove "Nill have bren n 'blow ata bndy w~ich ha~ proved c1eulytbat it is ll,Pohtical force wuichalone can su:c.s'ilully cballcor::eaod d~feat ap'lrtheid. TheGo\'ernmenl, however, mightlfecide not to rush aoytbing byway of baooin;: Con!:ress attbis stage. It migbt decide toallow tbc Conpess \0 contloucits existence in lhe hope lh:ltagents.provocateurs will pro-.voke from CooRress a re'poost'which miJ:bt ls distorted aOlltben give sub.taocc to theGo\'ernment's Mau Mau cl.:Lrge.

Against this background, theleaders nf tbe fesi~taoce movc­ment are acting \"er}' wisely ifthey follow a cautious course attbe moment. Uur IC:lders ollenc~t too little credit and un.wattantej kic!.:s for the wisdomthey displa}' in leading us. Butat tbe mnment tbe Slluatlon is

_ extremely fluid. Even the Go'\"­ernment has beeo forced to acta little more tban wanl\'. Tblsis about the best trihute to thetact and wisdom of tbe meo to

CONGRESS

whom we ha",e entrusted ourdestinieo •

Dut too much caution mightlend to paralysis and a betrayalof the strul!r:le. If Con~res9 basto be cautious at this stare nnd,for that matter, send as few meoand womell -to jail as possibletbe ren50ns behlOd this shnuldbe made l:nowo to the public­i! tu counter malicious propa·~anda SURl:estiog that the reosistance leaders have beenfright~ned by t~ crack of .Ver­woerd's whip, into sort_pedallin~

on the action front.

The dno~eTS from the Govem­dent side we nll know. It is thedan~ers from the urrdergroundcommunists which do DOt op­pe~r to be more widely known,roven nmon~ some of tbe peoplewho should I:now better inConr-ress.

When Malan talked of theSuppres,ion of Communism Actthf' communis15 at thl' timewert' scnred pale, They could.not ilT'adnp themselves jailed,p.r~~l"uterl or r.veo hang-ed forloyalty to their political faith.Tht'y would 1I0t fi~ht apartheidnp~nlr, come what might.Tbry ru~hed into their funl:hole.under;:rouod nod there waitedto .ce what would happen, TheCOD~ress took up the Mal2nitechallenge and £oul:bt back withexemplary courage; that is, itrou/:ht bncy. ir; a manner which~hamed the communists. IIItillS. 01 course, it was joinedhy tbe Indi~o Congrt's;.

These t ...·(1 bodies koow whatfnte av:nits tbrm. Their lendershat'e made colossal sacrificesto dnt.. llut this has not deterred tbem, They both figbt onnnd arc determined to,::o downfil!hlio~ thnn tr}' Rod play safeand scuttle the resistance move.ment.

This staod of tbeirs bas eo.a bled lh~m to SEnd 8000 men<tnd ...·O~CD to jail from allwal!:s 01 1:le, represeoting allr.lces. It has wo:! lor themworld ",,'ide re~pe~t and admira.tion. 1111~ bas convinced theunderground communists tbatthey maae a b1uoder by runniol:2\";'ay from tbe struggle in theway they did. They have beenquick to mend their ways Bodare now m:ll:ing 'determined"ids to stage a come.back atany price.

Their ~acl1cs are ~impll', Theydo not relurn to lhe struggle asuoder~rounrl communists; nordo tbey eS;.ouse c1eatly com.WUDlst cause,. Tbty are, firstly,pl,D'lOg wme of tbeir trusted

men in non-Europello politicnl,trade uninn and social orgonisa­tions. One point where thecommunists beat ntl their op·ponents, barriog the Malanites,i~ their nbsnlute det'otion totbeir cause. If they are in·structed to join 1\ movement toiofiut'nce it~ decisions, they will\Vorll harder than nnyhody, ver}'oltcn for DO mnttlrial I;ninwhatsoever, to brio~ its ot-jectsDenter realisatioo. In that waythey quickly rise to the top invery maDy orf{anisa tion~, Se­condly, they are well·groundedideolo~ically. They know pre­cisely what courses will bestadvance commuoist goals fromday to day.

A movempnt might all alongthink thst it is still on its railsWh'D, in fact, it has ,lon~ aban­doned them and is clearly onits way to Moscow.

Wbere plantioll: is DOt elIecl­ive, they briol: into being ncwOfllanisAtioos with perfectlyplnusible aims and objects.These t>rr:llnisations are used as"front~·' which undetl~round

communism employs as plat­forms or soundio~·'loard5, Theymi~h~ enter iDto alliances withotber bodies or work with them,not so much to achieve the~oa Is 01 the latter as eitht'r to.lestroy them or eocoural:e themto keep closer to the Moscowline.

Thirdly they skilfully play.upOf play-down leaders whomthey dislike. At tne momentdistinguished Arrican leaderslike Dr. James L. Z. Njon/:wt",president of the Cape CooRress,do not .t'et tbe publicity theydeserve from the leftists. Dr,Njoo~we is cited here becausehis is a typical case 01 a manwho is beior:: played downbecause he is dan~erous to tbeunderl:fOund leftists. He hasbuilt up his 01l'D Cape Coogressindependelltly of the commu·nists and sl-own that he has afirm bold 00 his follvwin/:.Nobody can touch Dr. NjoQgwein the Cape. Well, if tbey cao.Dot corrupt or uodermine bim,tbe next best thing is to bottlebim up in the Cape aDd preventhIm from being uuiversally reocognised as the national herothat he is, '

There are very many Dr.Njongwes in all the four pro­vinces whnm the undergroundleftists are subtly tryinll: todestroy to pave the way eitberfor making Congress one oftheir "frollls" or for streogthen­ing the wen they have plantedor seek to plant ill it.

As soon as the contents oftbe draconian bills in MinisterSwart's briefcase are morewi~ely knowo, we might find anumber of organisations underuoderground communist domi.

natioo coming forward withsugl:esllons of n bigger nllianceembodying nil the enemies ofapartbeid, regnrdlesc; of cnlour.There would have, 01 course, tobe n - suprt'me co.ordinatingbody to dictate to all the na­tionnl bodies constituting suchnn orgttnisatioll, And in thisco-ordinating ogency, the under­ground communists wilt sortthings out in such n \Vay tbatthey dominate without anybodysuspecting them.

The African National COli.[{ress is, of course, target-Num·ber One of the undergroundcommuGists. Dy showing tbatit eo joys tbe confidence of theAfrican people it has won forItself re[{ard as n ~ood host tothe leftist political parnsites.

Strenuous elIorts migbt bemade to force Cnngress to takeaD" lollow courses which mir:btbring about its early efimina­tion. As tbin/:s stnnd, pres~ure

might be exerted 00 Con[{ress toprepare now for n olltionalstrike. Such n strike mightwell prove disastrous. I do notsugl:est that Con [{teSS is almidof 'disaster. Hut Con~ress wouldbe extremely ullwise·to invitedisaster its way when it know9vtry well that it will not copewith it. Thu<, for Congress tocall a national strike in a burrynnd without maklDp' the neceo•

sary preparations would suitthe under~round communistsvery well because it wouldantagonise tbe Africans a[{ainstConr:res~ and justify MinisterSwart io crushin~ the Con~ress.

Con~ress would find it nextto impossihle to re ~roup under­J:round except on terms dictatedby unoeq::round comrnunism­which ha9 a lon[{er and moteexpert tradition iu this respect.

Doe 01 the advanta,ge. favour­iog uader~round communismis the fact that all they need todo is to pull strioRs only aloogthe Reef and they have theAfrican Nationa,I Congress attheir beck and call. The uoder.ground leftists dn Dot concea Itbe fact' that the election ofMr. Luthuli AS President.Generalis a major c:llamity for themfor two reaSOliS. tltr. Lutbuli isfIrst and foremost 0 nationali~t

-the fartbest he caD go istowards the centre, from tberigat. Se~ondly, the residence ofthe chief executive officer, ofCongress io Nat&l, :niles awayfrom Johannesburg, threateos tode::entralise the control ofCoogress aDd in that wayweaken the central hub whichis within their easy reach.

J obannesburg's role bas al.ways b~en uofortunate becausein the sacrifices aod organisa tion,tbe Transvaal, and Johanne~burg

in particular, have not made tbeconltibu:ioos which qualify

. NON..EUROPEAN LEADERS ARRESTED'"THE President of tbo African ruptod Mr. Ellulrh'. .peeob BndIJ. Notional OonRreB', ox-Oblef IIllld "Hsvo JOU pBrmlulon toA. J. Lutbull the President o( hold tbl. meetlnlZ~" The plain­tho Notal Indian OODRrelB. Dr. olothel polloeman then said "Dr.O. M. Nalokcr, aud Mr. J. N. Naloker-I em arTeetlug you,SIDRb a vloo.I'resldent of the end you Luthull.'·Notal Indian OongTeBs and Mr. Mr. SlnlZh I18ked the Offioer IfO. I. Amra an Enoutlvo mem- ho oould BIlY eometblhg to theber oC tho Natal Indlau Oongress I{atherlng at .everal thounnd.Bod Mr. Dentoo Mquadl a who were at a 10811 to understand I

mcmber of the A.N.O. were tho polloe Inte"eullon. ThearreBted at tho Nlool Squaro, Offioer reCuled. And, he him­DOrbon 108t weok. lelf oame to tho mlorophone lind

The N.I.O. had oalled a mass IlIld "111m warning you thatrally of prole8t aRalnst tho aouto thll meetlnll III Illegal. I amshor19l{o of Bohool aooommoda- warning you to dllpBrte. Other­tlon Cor non-European ohlldren .wile Jon lay yourself open toIn Natal, It Is estimated that orlmlnal aollon."no le8B than 37,000 Indian ohlld. Tben ho got two African polloe­ron ulono are wllhout eohool. men to lran.lato his wordil Intoaod thcre ore thousands upon ZulU and Sesutu and an IndianthonB~ndB of African children polloemen in Tsmll.who hAve no scbools to RO to. The peoplo howover retu8ed

Tbo meeUoR was openod by 10 leavo, but the leaderaOhlof Lulull who said tbot tram the plalCorm beookenod 10II was non-poHUoalln the senso them to go awaJ peaoefnlly.that tho pooplo had oomo to ark The peoplo .houted "Afrika"for oducatlon for tholr ohlldren. aud ltarted .Inglng "Mayl BuyeIndian 80hools had already Afrika" and dl8peraed.openod and maoy thooBllmle of When the polleo offioer elmoohlldren h3d been rofoBed pd- on tho platform a big oordon ofmission. In tho oase of Afrl· of IIrmed polloemon qulokIyoanB. faollitles exist for at mOBt tormod round tho platform and40% of the ohlldren of sohool the squaro. They oarrleel gunsRolDIl age. and batons and looked tbreate-

The N.1.0. hail not beoD glvon nlngly apon tho people.perm18Blon but It WBS felt that Earllor In tho afternoon theon ocoonnt of lho urRenoy of polloe hail throatened the ownerthe matter •tho meellnll had to of th~ loudspeaker equipmentgo on. that he would bo oharged It he

.Mr. J. N. BlnRh Balil tbat ho hired his equipment for IhoBOW no reaBon why tho Dorban meellng, bot notwlthstandlugOlty Couooll haa aeen Ilt to tbls threat, the loudspeaker WII.rofoBo permission to hold tho IDetailed.meotlnR. 'Ihey had mado It a At the meetlnll hnndreds ofpolloy 10 refoso permlBllon tor peoplo elgned a petition to theall mootlngs oollod by the N.I.O. Admlnletrater of Natal oalllna

Mr. Slngb had only spoken for moro lohooll.for allont fi vo minutes when an Shortly after hlB realeBBe OhlefPollco Offioer and two plain- Lutbull sald:-"The authorltlelclotbos polloomen stepped on the 'are IIpparently vory moohplo\!orm. The Offioer luter' frlghlened beoause they do not

INDIA REPUBLIC DAY CE~EBRATIONS

90

them fer beinl( rell:arded AI thepatiooRI bendquartera 01 tbeAlrican National Congreul Duttbis il Dnt tho poipt relllly atinue. Tho point il: Too muchcentrolillltion of Dongre., con.trol io 10haone.bur~ depriveltho other provioces of lin ellect.ive .ny on how their IIlfllinahllll bo run Dod, secondly,balds Congresl bound baod DodIeet readily to its underRroundcncmie. of tomorrow.

Tbe lnct tbat 8uch a dil.tiD~uisbed figbter lor AfricaDIreedam like Dr. James L. Z.NjoDRwe sbould not have linclIectivo IDY in the inner coun·cill 01 Congreu or tbe retittllocemovement iI very significllnt,and, I mi~bt ndd, dangerous.

What ConKrc.. needl is tomallie every province bavo an'equal vo:ce in the adminiltra-

,NDIAN

tion ot our political .ff.iu­even if tbls mean. the tran..ference of the b~dquartefl, 81

wa. tbe ca.o in tbe plllt, towbme tbe Pretident.General iI.A rcfuul to do tbi. todlly migbttomorrow create danRerous ten­lion. inlide C00lI:ren itlelf,Ilplut from helping the under­ground communists. The call i.tberelore for a statumanliteattempt to give all tbe proviocesao equal IllY in tbe inner coun­cill of CoogreCt Ilnd tbe re­listllnce movemeot, if to en·trench in tbem tbe feeling tblltthe.e bodiet are their own anddo not have to be dictated toby the Reef.

Given goodwill, theae adjult·mentl can be mllde Imoothlywithout trouble and tbe Africanpeople and tbeir true lIlliel will.tand to goin tremendouJ!y.

OPINION

allow os to .peak o.,oc. about.. 1l0u-polltloal.ubJeol.. I relr!'etvery mnoh the attltudo of theDorban OIty Counoll whloh II10 muoh oot of touoh wltbEDRlIBb tradition. of freedomof IPeeob. The F.nRlllh .peak­Inlr people talk '0 muoh abootthe totalltarlsn Natlonalltt I{OV'ernment. but wbat ella be moretotalitarian than the ban pl811edon our meetloR. Wo .balloontlnue tn Ipeak to our people.That I. oar doty. We pny aaleaders that aDd mllY mske ustrnly relpon.lble and not makev. fall In our doty.~'

Treated Like .Criminal.

Tho fivo non-Eoropean leadersliPpeared In the Dorban Maillet­rate'l Oourt I.., week obarRodwith holdlnR au uDautborlledmeeting In Nlool Sqoare, Dur­bau, on9 at the defence attar.'ney., Mr. R. I. Arenltelo, laidthat tho aaau.od had been treatedlike oommon orlmlnals attertheir arrest; their nOller-prlnllhad been taken tor analleged eontraventlon of a by­law.

Mr. A. S. Aoor. one of theoounsol tor the defenoe, .aidthat lt would bo aeoneary tooall the Mayor at Durban, Mr.Peroy Oeborn, to prove that nopermlsllon Will required to hold

In Cape Town Celebrations'Were obs~rved at the PalaceTheatre, Salt River by about:1099 people 01 a cosmopolitannature.

Mr. ]. L. M'lIlhllutra. ossiltant.ecretary to the High Com.miuioner for India said, tbepeople of India wished to mnllietbeir contribution toward. tbepeace and tbe -lability of tbeworld 8nd the ideals incor­porated in tbe Charter of theUnited Natinns.

The meeting passed a resolu­tion extending greetin21 nndRood wishes for the future pro­gress of India as an iudependentcountry ond prayiDI/ that Ihepeople be given l!uidllnce toconduct tbeir luture progresswith wisdom 1I0d peaco.

'the resolution e:a:pressedgratitude to India lor the moral•upport sbe had given to theoppressed peoples in differentparts of tbe world, ond parti.cularly in South Arrica, in tbeir,truSlIle for democratic right,.

Mr. D. D. Ohavdll. chnirmanof the Republic Day Celebrationcommittee, paid tribute to thePlitt Mahatma Gandhi and theotber leaden had played inthe .tr';lUlo 10 obtain Ireedom.

6th February, '9$3

thl! mutlnll. The defeuce, IIIlalel, woald alia take tho polliathat the by·law wi. ultra vlre••

Mr. Kn~ aid that, whllellr!'eelDR to the IdJournmsnt ofthe Mae to FebrnaT]' 11, hewished 10 prote.t It the mallnerIn whloh the authorltle. bndIedthe acouled. .

Tbe polloe and mnnlolpal I

Bothorltle. bad beeu advised thattbe meetlnR would be held 'wltJIthe intention at In.,ltlnll a tlllt0II81l. but In ,pUe at that lh.fiTS men, who were reBponatb~

people, hed been 8nemd andlakeu away In a pollos van Inou.tody.

That thl. Will DuneeellllfJvns Ihown by the taot that themeu 'WlIfe released au their ownreoollnleauoe8 aUlIf alvlnll theirpllrlloulBrl at tbe obarge office.

81uoe tbe promulgation of theby-law pllfml8slon to hold meet­Inlfll have been penl.lly. arbt­tarlly and unreBllon.1bb refuled,.ald Mr. Anow.

Mr. A. Oboudree. who ap­peared for Dr. Nalcker and Mr.MnlIlId I laid that when h,visited the oharge offioe toBB80ertain the nature at tb,oharge8 he Will told to WlIit out­Iide until the ohsr;rell had beenmade oot.

Themalllstnte.Mr. C. E.Ransl, eald be woul<l go Inlothe matter.-Sap•.

The celebrlltiou ended witha programme of Indian na­tional songs and music bythe Cbauhan Brothers, children01 tbe Gandbi Memorial SchoolaDd the Habibia Institute.

Miss Cbllmpll Chameli pre­sented the Arabian Bnd IndianClassic dances. _

In Durban, a joint meetingWII held by tbe Kathiawad,Hindu Sava Sama) ·and the:Surat Hiodoo Association•.

In Nysallind. the Indinacommunity celebrated the tbiJdanniversary of the Indian Re­public, at the Blantyre IndianScbool. Mr. D. M. Patel pie­sided. Mr. E:. T. Patel, prin.cipal of tbe school paid a triobute to those who have died for

I the country and to tho.e who

are today carrying 00 tbe fin•work.

~

R. VITHALBookkeeper, WriliDIt op Bell ofBooks. Balance Sheets, InoomeTax Return!" Apply:

306 Comminioner St..Jeppe, JoLaDDelbW'l'.~

6th February, 1953 INDIAN OPINION 91 .

BABY WEAR~SAREES', ,

DOUBLE BORDER PAlStLY El\mROIDERED GEORGETTE l1'o'FM"J'S KNITTED WOOLCREPE-DE-CllI!'o'E 4S" 5/6 yo1. SAREES. SHAWLS 17/6 to 30'· rseb.

all .h.adM LJ/15jO each.l1'o'FA1\7S COT BLM'KIITS

EMDOSS GEORGE'I"ITS WHITE COITO:-J SAREESPink & Blue 6'3 &. 12:6 ~ch.----

all shados 45" 10,'6 yd. 2216 ..ch. INFANTS GEORGETTEDRESSES SMOCKED

GEORGETIE JARI WORK 18'11 each.OPAL GEORGETTLS

45"' an Ih.ad.. Ul6 r4. SAREES f.S.l0-4. Il\'FANTS nOOTIES. DO:-""'JF:fS,Dms, Pll..CHERS. ,

£!'IIDROIDERED SUEDE SILK nIl Doe price 2 '11 each.VD.VET CHEN1LE SAREES with borders 631. ead.

.~ .•..••.......•........GEORGETn:S 45" 15/6 ro1. HOUSE - HOLD....... ~ .....•.....•.•..

Ikdsbcets 15.'6 to 25j· ea~

4-r PRI!'oUO GEORGETIE LADIES UNDIES Pillo" cases plato 3j6 each.spot & F10m Du/IJUI 45" 4,111 yo1. Hage ranI[. of SUPS. NlGlfIlES, Pillo" 'Cases EmbroIderedPANTIES, DLOO:\1ERS tie. 4/11 each.44"' COLOUREP GEORGETJES No" lIDpacked. ---- ----------

4/11 yo1. To"ili from 2/11 to 15,16 ueb.

,................•....... ~ Borden• .luiT~ Table doth! & ~aUo Bedsnresd.Alwa)"1 1D Stock. at Redoced Pri=.

CHAMPALS! ....•••...••••.....•.....••...............•.....•.ud!es Latest Plastk Champlll1

CHAMPALSMENS & BOYS

alliltades Wcs 3 to 7 16/6 paIr. • SHIRTS, PYJA.'IAS, SOCKS.Coloan: Geeea, While, Red, Ladles Lnther Ch:Imp3ls TIES, HA!Io"DKERCillEFS Etc.

DroWll, Blo" and "'ae. • Size 310 7 1119 pair• Spedally redoced.

LATEST MATERIALS'

JAYBEE SILK HOUSE39a MARKET STREET. JOHANNESBURG.

P. O. Box 5169.

Phone 3J.6U9.

LATEST BOOKS AND NOVELS ALWAYS IN STOCK

YOGA BOOKSSHINGADIA STORES

P.O. Box I II. UMTALI, S. Rhodesia.

Telegrams: "Premsilk" Phone: 2523.

Phone: 2523/Extn I.

S. Rhodesia

WHOLESALERS

P.O. Box 319.

UMTALI,

(Prop: PmnJ... SlIJ,; nu:oar Ud.)

Direct Import....

Drapery, Outfitting, Fancy Goods,Oriental Curios Etc. Etc.

C\f.mben of tbe :\flihoD:lbod Wholts:1I... ~iaUoo)

Everything for the African Trade. Prints, Khaki.Calicos, Blankets, Shoes & Fancy Goods••

PREMIERQ

Q

9

12 6

4 f,

12 66

,: Ii

'0 0

4 0

15 6

<. d.r: 6

" 6

Bhac;-.nt GH1 ljujnti

GY~C1 Yo~ OJ Rsm"du,r ...l ..lUj, Yo\:,... Leuons in Yo~,

• rhlbsQphy n

Adn.!:.ct: Co~r." 1 o;~

Philo1oOrhyYo., Pncti~1 W1ter

CUIC: n

Scie-cCIl! Of Bre:lthfinl Stop In Yo~"

R2m:1nd:u ..

Hbl~"'1t Glh.

T1'.< S"OI: or Go.lRam.ylca .cd 'ra~.h'u.r.I3.

Cu:,crus. SIJ Su.,g:e-c:t (;njr1.ti

5 \"ol'ilmes).tu.. ic Guide Ftllu .... un;;eu

N~ .. Rele:s.scDusicus GQldt Lcucr "'"ritu

Gujrl.li

ROOPANAND MUSIC SALOONAND BOOKSELLERS

286 Grey Street, Corner Lorne & Grey Street,

DURBAN.

RHOD-INDIA LIMITEDExporters, Import." & Muufactarft'S Represecl:ltJ..~

Piece Goods, Hosiery. Jute Goods.

"Aryan Mahal" 6th Floo~,

Plot 43. "C" Ro,d,Churchgate Reclamation,

Cables "Indorhod." BOMBAY, INDIA,

Prolilpt Atlenr;vl'.Enqlliries Solicited,

6j/.

4('

213:(3

IS'·

\·u.!cn..i R&m.ly&n in:: \'olamesRs.mn:a.m~mI.1Ia Dhaj.R1

50150",1<11'

Sat::e.1.u.in Kaths

lIurtloniam Te-acherFilm Indi. ~hl:uices 6/6 each.

Oilly outail/(llJle. (It Our nell' adflres~:

92 INDIAN OPINION 6th February, 1951

Always Better. Better Always.Arc Kapitan's Tempting

Sweetmeats,For ncarly half a century we are leading In the

manufacture of Quality Sweetmeats and Cakrs.

'InY us FOR 'I lie LATI:sr INOIAN RJ:CORflS.

Address:

I{APITANS 8AI,CONY .HOTEl,(I'ORNJ:R SWEETI\IEAT 1I0USf-)Corner Grey and V!clorla Sire-h,.

DURBAN.Phone 23414. Tel. Add. ·KAPITANS."

1a1. 9\dd: "eharotar'" 1otaphona:. 33·9885.

MANCHESTER TRADINC--co. LTD.-I--

ESTABLISHED 1923~~""~""""''\,''~''''¥''''l~~~''V'''~''l~

Wholesale SoFt & F:lncy Goods Merchants-'-&-

DIrect Imporrers.

47, Commissioner Street,JOI:tANNESBURG.

TIMBER & HARDWARE MERCHANT& DIRECT IMPORTER

NATHOOJDABHA, .

Door, Window... Corrugated Tron, Cement,i\lolI'lrch. Iron Duke. nuftdo. nnd Elephnnthrand3 p:llllt or any other Luil<1illg materialat rea<;or:llhlc pl'ice t!

NATHOO TABHA.

Phone 24647.

DURBAN.

Established 1907.

107 Queen Strc~t.

Telegr~ph .. ManV'

IJanbn: DARCLAVS IJAtoll( (D. C. & 0.)

Drancbe.1: P.O. D01: 1lJ. BROKEN I-IILL".0.1101: 89. LUANSHVA

TclcllnlmS lind Cnblcs: "CLOTHING"

P.O. BOX 93.

NDOLA,N. RHODESIA

WHOLESALE MERCHANTS ANDCLOTHING MANUFACTURERS

('anne.... :C.C.I'ATELL. n. I'ATELS. K. I'ATEL

\2:/'! SJ~

Merchant & Direct Importers

Solanki & COo Ltd.

Extensive range always carried inthe following:

Silks, Drapery, Toilets, Pe,r­'Fumes, Curios, Fashion Goodsand Jewellery, Wide Range ofIndian, Persian and ChineseCarpets.

StockisLs of well-known brandedWatches.

COPPERBelT PIONEER 'STOREWhere Quality and Service

are Paramount.

M. J. PATEL\

Il,JTERNATIONAl. SPORTS COMPANY

Importers & Exporters & GeneralCommissi~n Age~ts

10 P~king Road~ I\awoon~ HOnG KOnG.

Special attention is paid,to indent orders

Write To Us For Fur~her Particulars.

LIFE INSURANCEAre you adequately insured?

Have you provided for your dependanta?Prepare' for the future

Life ID'sumnce givell peace of mind for the uotlnowDfuture.

ID5urc ",ilb THE OLD MUTUAL" your friend for Life="The S.A. Mutual Life As5umnce Sodety, which bal

best BODUIl record in the WORLD.

, Represcntat.ive.·-

DAYABHAI PATEL

Phone 53. Telegrams 'SOLANKI:

P.O. Box 208.

P.O. Box 1760.JOHANNESBURG. Pbonee.-} BUlinels 33·0711

• Residence 33-5961 ,luanshya. Northern Rhodesia.

6th February, 195] INDIAN OPINION 03

From Our Own Correspondent

LETTER

Bomhuy, Jannary 20.

We ha,e Been policemen latbi.charging anll arresting people, bntMadras city witnessed a rar~ e~oe

of policemen heiDg latbi-ebargedand arrested 00 a maes scale. ,. AM

NATAL.

•

( t 1

Kripnluni, the Icoder of tbo Praia­Sociolist l'urty, for rapproaehment.Bnt Pmjo I'nrishud wonted to makepoliticul capital out of tbe asitationand ao placed impos9ible demandswhich con Id not be "ceeptcd by th'oGOl'ernluen~. So the nesotiationsbroke down and uCler two day~'

p<lDse sotyogrnha was resnmed,

In Pnnjab 180'00 District lloardBchool teachers went on strikewhich ended aCter tbc interl'entio;of Maulana Azad, EducotionMinistcr, GOl'ernment of Indin,

•Tbe Central Committee of the

World Council of Churcbes whichlOet nt Lnekoow proctieally refnsedto tokc efTecti\'e nction againBtraeinl diseriminatiou, wbieh accord­in~ to its owu reBolution was againstOou'a will. It passcd a siJ:-pointrewlution alTering mpport nndeocouragement to all peoplcs ondagencies lobourlng for a wlntion ufthe racial problem in Sonth Africa.Tbe COlDmittee, allirmlOS its con­'l'iction thot all political, Eociol andeconomic discrimination baaed ongronps or mce, wberever it e:tisted,were contrary to God's will, re­eOi;nieed tbe fuct tbat tbe existingracial discriminations were in­creasing tension and bitternellS in

.diffErent ports of the world, Itnrged member churches to engagein the Christian reconciliationministry nnd do all in tLeir powcrto enll snch Jiscrimiuatioo.

The majority of the delesatesfell tbat the Council sbould notrIlerely confine its proposed reformsto the churches alone, bot call forlin nutright denunciation of racialdiscrlrninution wherever and inwhabloover form it existed.

J t i

••

.'

SARNIA~

•

[B3 (Q) [NJ~~W~~U'~[Q)

We Pay£7 PER TONF.O.R. your

Station or Siding

BAGS RETURNED RAILAGE PAID

THE

rs lUJ IL l [&6~A (Nl (OJFEfR1rnlLnZLElR§'~ TlO.·

In Saum~btfll anti. sales tu:!:lIsitation continnee. The strike andentyat;rnbn started on 18t December19;;2 bas not been abandoneJ,despite tbe ~encron8 eonces~iooB

given by the Chief MiDister SbriDbebar. All the prisoners sen­tcnced for breaking tbe law wrrereleased anu the Sales Tax Actwas toned down to a greot CItent.Wbile giving theso conceB~ions, SbriDbebar said tbot tbe Governmenthad sone a8 far aB it could and uomore concessions would be sronted.After bis annonncement negotia­tions were started by Mrs. Soeheta'

•

For Fllll Particulars write to:

Justice Wanehoo, appointed hythe Government of Indio to e~amine

ond recommend nn the formationoC Ahdhra province hOB startedhis work. Prof. Ranga, leader oftbe Krishik lJOk Party, pre!ented ndemond to include cerlnin talnkasof Tamiload in tho prop0gedAudhrn State. Wran~lc oyor Ma.draa city continnes unahoted.

Policemen's As.oeiation bad Plltforward certain demauds regardingpay, leave cto. These dcmandswere, according to the CLiefHinister of Madros, Mr. Hojgopal.aehari, JOBt, bnL the Go~ernmeut

waa not in Ii position to eotisfytbem. 00 the cootrolry Go\'crnmentarrested I wo ortiee bearcrs of theAssociation. Pnlicemen numberingahont ·1.000 refused to draw theirsalory ail a protest. The Go,erumentresnrdeu this as an act of indisci.pline and acted swiftly. AII thepolicemen were disotloed and nearly12G policemen iDclnding [;0 memobore of tbo exeentive committerwere arrested. Now the Bituation isnormal.

••

~[r, ~ebru' depreCllted theAnglo Americuu plan to inelndePakistan ill tbe prop0ged MiddleEast Defence Otgauieation (MEDO).Inclo'ion of Pakistan in MEDU isregarded by New Delbi :l!l a baitto hook in the nnwilling. Ambnatioos in tbe proposed Organisa.tion. Creation of sncb alliance will,o~er and· ahol'e otber diffienl.ties, bring cold war nearer India'sborder, . by the establisbment ofAnglo American bases in Pakistanagainst Rnssia. It is felt by theunpolitical circles here tbat tbe lastre~olntion by Anglo-American blockregarding Kashmir passed by tbeSecority Conncil wa~ tbe resnlt ofa secret deal between Pakistan andthe Anglo-Americ:m oonntries bywbich in retnrn for joining MEDO,Pakistan 1\ as promiEed hl/Jp inobtoininf; Kasbmir.

ond Maharu9htra nrc S'lnnbhlingol'er WllnS aren, Gujumt andHajllHon O,Er Ahn, Andhrus andTamile o\'er Modrae ond como otbertnlnkue, Dihar nnd Bengot o~er

certain nengoli opeokinl; area, ofDihnr. So if immediate reorganisa.tion woe talen in hand, peoplo·a andtheir Ic.lders' eneq:y wonld bedi~erted tOll8rde this qnestion,geoerating unnecc!mry beat andanimosity. SueL situotion will betLe bigS£Bt impediment in theimplementation of tbe I·'ive.YeorI'l.n, on tbe snCCCBS of whichthe fate of tbe CODgress at the nextgenerol elections depeuds. TLeCoogre~s is stakiog ita all on theeucc(se of this plan and waots toemploy all its energy and resources'to ita implementation. Surely thepeople wbo hove ne~er had lin.goistio provinccs before can waitfor 0 (ew more years.

The newly created pro~inces willupset the existin~ administrationwhidl will bn~e to devote its energyto stabilize the newly createdpro,ince~, with its nnmeron~ pro.1,lems. Purtber tLey will be finan.cially deficit pro,inCC8 dnring theioitiul perioJ re'luiring Ellh-tnlltiolaid from tbe Centre, thns Jeplctingthe olreolly short fnnds for tbePlan.

negarding tLte malproctices tbatpre,ailed in tbe CongrefH Com.mittee's Jast eleetioos tbe Cont:;resap,sged a reeololion authorising theWcrki~g Committee to draftamendmelJ18 to the Congress con..~itntion to eradicate this e~i1.

• •

INDIA

MH.JAWAJI AItLAI. NEHRU,Prime Mioi~ter of Inuio

ond the I're~iuent of tLe IndiunNational ConJ;re~5 compl~tcly do­minr.teu tLe r."t!J eee,i"n of theCOIll:rt'~., \Ihlch endt'd 00 ilnD(\oytLe HltL ,Jonuur> at llyderah.d.IIi! ~iewd prel"\I!ed 00 evuy i!5ueunder coo'idemtion. TIl~ pe3sionunanimonsly endor~ed his foreignpolicy.

The Congrr~! reiterated it! cd.miratioo ond opprtciotiou of tLeSatYIl~raho rno,ement in SonthAfrica a~aio~t ruciol discrimino·tion, to ..Lich tLe o,erwhelrnio"majority of tLe people of Sontl.Africa are 6ubjeetul hy the Gonro.ment of tLe Union,

Tile CODgreM in ita rc'ol utionfnrthcr ~aiu that tLe Go\'Crnment ofBooth Africa continues to floutworld public opininn eno oS embodied io the moderate re' olntionaof UNO, wLiclJ only e,llIa upon theUuion OOl'ernment to eDter intonegotiations lind allow the ncts ofrocial discrimination to be exam.Ined. The OonrnmeDt of ~outh

A!riCll has thna gina fartherevidencc that it Jocs not respccttheprinciple! of bumao rit;hts towhich the cil'i1ieed 1I"0rld bas i:i~en

its approl'al and alfo tbat '~he dorenotalloll" tLe light of rea,on or oftrnth to be directed to it~ offencesagainst tbe JawB of hnmanity ondtbe oondnet of cil"ili5ed nations.

Protagonim of linguiHic pro­vinces prol'ided Borne firel\"orks attbe otberwise tame Ec:~ion, botullimnu,ly tbey aho bOVled do\\"n toPanJit Nehrn's will lIod tbe re.orl;llnintion of pro~inces on lin­gniatie ba.ece, for whicb the clamourhad reacbed a ncr; height after lbedecition to for m eep:lrate And brapro~ince, was p09tponed for at lea9t

• lour or fil'e yenrs. Led by KakaGadgil, former Minieter of PoblicWorks at the Centre and ShriNijliogappa, pre9ident of KarnotakPradesh Congress Committee, theforces demanding immediate formll.tion of Jingnistic pro~inces heat II

bl!ly retrEBt wben tbey fonnd thatPandit Nehrn and the Con"re<sHigb Command held 'l'ery st;on-"opinion in thi!! malter. And Kok;Babeb bimBe!f precented tne reeoln­tion deciding to postpone the i!!!netill "Andbra State was etllbilifed."·

Main tensene for thi~ lJoepone.lDent were that if reorganisation ofprovince! wa~ laken in bund atthis jnnetnre, it woold createhitterntt3 bordering on ho:tilitybetween the peoples speaking' difTer.ent langnages, ftaking their claimson eacb other's territories. Alreadyheated contronreiea going onbetll'een ~arious Stau,B. Gnjarl\L

6th Feb,.,...." 1m94 IHDIAN OP'INIQN------------

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BOOKS-POR SALETHE GITA ACOORDING TO GANDHI

-Mahadev Desai 12 •GANDllIANA-D. G. Deshpande-(A Bibliosnphy or

Oancfi!an Literstm'e) 6 0WOMEN AND SOCIAL INJUSTIOE-1f. K. GlUldhi , 10 •PILGRIMAGE FOR PEA.CE-Pyarelal 12 •STRAY GLIMPSES OF BAPU-Kaka Kalelbr 6 0SELECTIONS FROM GANDHI-Nimar Knmar Boas 10 GFOR PA.CIFISTS-M. K. Gandhi S 6GLEANINGS-Mira 1 '.GANDHIAN ETHICS-Benoy Gopal Ray 2 O·

BAPU-Ml1f1'1 F. Barr -l •COMMUNAL UNITY-M. K. Gandhi 25 tFAMOUS PARSIS 7 •THE EPIO FAST-Pyarelal 2 'fCHAITANYA TO VIVEKANA.NDA 3 IFOOD SHORTAGE-Gandhi ..STORY OF SATARA-Major B. D. BasQ, (Uts.) J5 0THE U.K.O.O. AND INDIA-A. N. Agarwala 6

.J

SEVEN MONTHS WITH GANDHI-Kri.msd3.ll 12 •STORY OF THE' mBLE-S. K. George !)

RUSKIN-UNTO THIS LAST-1f. K. Gandhi . 1

DELHI DIARY-Galldhiji 10A RIGHTEOUS STRUGGT.E-lIahndev Del!:li ..THE POLITICAL PIIILOSOPHY OF MARA.TMAG.1NDHI-<rllpinnlb Dbel1'lln 17

eoee:tine:toZ. from:

"INDIAN OPINION,"P" Bag. Phoeuix, 'Natal..

TERMS OF ANTI-RESISTANCE BILL

9S

protest to these Bills and to doall that' is humanly possible toprevent .;l grave catastrophe be­falling South Africa. The Con­gresses call upon the Whites andnon-Whites to join hands in thiscountry-wide campaign.

The Congresses warn theGovernment that its attempt toresort to fascist tyunny \Vill havefar-reaching consequences nptonly in the Union but also be­yond its borders and will 'consti·tute a severe threat to worldpeace.

The CO'ngresses considering itas their s:~cred duty to stopMalan tyran.'1Y, to stop Swart'sBills, to deft-nd att democraticorganisations and tbe civil liber·tics of tbe people, have under­taken a country-wide camp3ignof protest which will culminatein mass provincial conferences onSunday, 15th Febwar.v, :It whichthe people of South Africa willdemonstute their oppcn::ition tothis new onslaught. To these-conferences delegates ,,.ill be in­vited from all political organisa.tions: churches, religious andsporting bodies, trade unions,youth :lnd ltudent organi.ations,vigilance committees, advisoryboards, women's organisations aswell as teacbeu' organis.ations.'Cbiefs 'have also been invited,

As a preliminary to these con­(ereeces Sunday, February 8, h2sbeen set aside for bolding of'public meetings in as m:IDYcentres as possible througbouttbe Union.

OPINION

NEW BILLS OPEN 'DOORS TOPOLICE STATE

'--------_....----------------

HANNON'S DETECTIVE AGENCY (PTY.) LTD.MaDagiJll Dlndor: O. HANNON. lIe"",teen years Royal hbh Conslabu1a.ry

and Crimlwtlllrfestlgatloa Inpartlnent. S.A. Police.Manaler: I'tfiNDEN PLUMLEY., ex-Hendon Police College and CrIminal

IllT85tlgatIOD Depat1JneDt' Ne" SCol1alld Yard, London.CrimInal, CommerdallUld Matrfmollla.lllrfestlgatlons Carried Out

111 Strlctat ConfIdence.

t 1/12 Put ClwoI>en. Jtppo SIr..I; P,O, Bo. 5199 J.h&.lllle.b""s·PD :-olrie<!: 22-7771. After b.cn: 24-4544.

THE Working Committee ofthe AfriC2n National Con­

gress and the Soutb AfriC2nIndian Congress in :I Press st.ate­ment says it views with "gr:lve:llarm the introduction by theMinuter of Justice, Mr. C. R•Swart, in Parliament of the PublicSuety Bill and tbe Criminal LawAmendment Bill. The so C2l1edPublic Safety Bill is the mostserious challenge to the civilliberties of the people and willpave the way for a new systemof governing the country byproclamations and Martial Law:

The power to declare I sUteof emergency in tbe Union ofSoutb Africa under which tbeexisting laws of the country maybe: suspended and tbe powers oftbe state be exercised by theGovernor·General or tbe Ministerof Justice himself will leave theentire fate of the country in thebands of Mr. C. R. Swart, Sucbwide and sweeping powers willbe used to render tbe courts in­effective, to destroy not only tbeCongress but:tlso aU the anti­Nation.ali.st groups, to round upleaders and throw tbcm into con­centration camps, to crush therights of thc citixcRs to express:their legitimate opposition tettbe oppressive policies of the:Oove:mment.

It sbould be realiscd that if tbe:Billa were allowed to become law,the draconian measures containedtberein will make the CO\1Jltryundergo all the borrors of tbepolice state. No petSOD. DO bome,and no organisation will be safefrom tbe witch-bunt it will kcloose. It will be a mistake to' Gt' C - ""assume that thcse measu~es are i(l "II 'F.J I1'bTfn no :1intended merely as an electloneer- , W.a \b", ~.u. ~ing,bunt,to make the electora~r;: ' ... TlSll'TIC~belle:ve that tbe Government IS ~ DrOOl/Emonly dealing with the Defiance . IImovement. Such an attitude is.fraugbt with tragic consequences:'for the pcople.

The present Government JS

notorious for its abuse of power. A brealc in the skin is aThe history of the last five years .way in' for genoa I Applyis full of sucb I'.xamples which' Cutieura OiD,tment-qulcldy. To

rapidly restore akin health. Toneed not be enumerated here. combat infection. ToalJa.y soreness.The Congresses, tberefore, call'I and to keep the injury clean and

1comfortable while it hea1ll

upon all the democratic rerces: .-within tbe country to raisc their 5f.OR CUTS AND SCRATCHESvoices and organise a Union-wide

INDIAN

~ (n Both imprisonment and awhipping.

IncitementThe penll.ltie. for incitement

apply to any peuon who, in anymanner whatsoever, advites,encourages, commands, aid. orprocures any .:>ther person, orpersons in general, to commit anoffence by way of prott"st againlta law or in support of a cam_paign of resistance against thelaws of the' Union, or to anypelion who uses any languageor does any act or thing calcu­lated to cau.e any person orpersons to commit such olIences.

The Bill makes it an ofIencefor any persoo to solicit, acceptor receive from any person orbody or persons, whether withinor outside the Union, or whoofIers to give to any person orbody of persons any money orother article in support of aresistance campaign.

Offcoces under this sectionwill be punishable by the penal­ties provided for incitement.

In addition to imposing thesepenalties, the court may, on can.viction of any person, confiscateto tbe State any money or articlein possession or under the can­1rol of the person convicted.

Provision i!l made for thejoint trial of persons alleged tohave committed .imilar offencesat the same time aDd place.

Where a person convicted interms of the Bill rails to pay thefine imposed on him within 48bours, the court may issue anorder to recover the money byattachment and aale of movableproperty.

A magistrate's court will havejurisdiction to impose any ofthe sentences provided in the:am excllpt that no magistrate'.'COurt will have jurisdiction 10impose a sentenr.e of a fine ex.'Ceeding £3c:x? or imprisonmentfor a period exceeding threeyears.

6th February. f9S3

: (I) Both im,pri.onment and a DeportationlippinE;. The Bill provides for the de.

· Fo~ incit ~ment to commit lJO'=ling of any person who il'Dc1 a South African citiun byences in • IUpport of a resist..

• ,.., camp' t\.- t birth or descent, and who hal...... I ll~n, ...... cour may

i ,pole the ,fullbwitlg penalties: been committed in terms of the· 'Bill, if he is deemed by the(a) A fir j(I not exceeding £599; Governor-General, or in the case

of an inhabitant of South-West~:b) 1m {lrr.:onrnent lor a period Africa. by the Administrator, to,I exct ediog five :rears; or be an undesirable inhabitant.c) A ~pping not exceeding Sach a person may be removedlira ~ or . from tbe Union or from' the

· d) Bctk flne and imprison- territory and, pending lemoval,nl; or may be deta.ined in custody io

~:,e) Both. fine en z -whipping; thll eame way as prohibited

• immigranh.-Sapa.( .•

SentencesAny person who commits such

:n offence will be lia~le on con': iction to the penalties pre.: :rihed for incilemcot to hreallI 1e Vnioo's laWI.

; For offences Committed by: '..y of protest or in support of; ly campaign against the laws· ! the Union, or in lupport of, 11 campaign for the repeal orlooification of any law or the

'uilltion or limitation of the· Jplication or adminiltration," any law, a court may, on"nvictioo, imJ>C se the follow-

I: lentences:-(a) A fine not exceeding £399;

\.

· (b) Imprl!oDtoent for notlore than thne years; or•"(c) A whippiDg not exceeding:;. strokesl orI.i: (d) Both fine and imprison.~ :nt; or: (e) Boll:1 fine and a whipping;

'THE Criminal Law Amend­ment Bill, more popularly

Inown as the Anti-Resistance•3ill makes it an offence for a'!erron to "advise, encourage,ncHe, command, aid or procureIny other penon or penons in:e.nelal" to commit an ofIence

•IY way of protest against a lawI,r in support of any cnmpaign:,gainst a law., It also seeks to outlaw the,.fer or acceptance of financial: It other assistance for organisedmstance against the laws of

•be Union and provides for·pedal measures for the recoveryf finel imposed in terms of the~gis1ation.

It provides for deportment for!lose convicted who are notoath Africans by birth orescent and for the lestriction

·f movement of persons within'le Union., Tbe measure includes a sec­.on entitling the Postmaster­'e.neml to intercept mail S!ls.

~ ected ofc(\ctaining mon.ey ,forrganiled resistance movements.

94 IHOIAN O~INIQN 6th February, Itsl

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FILM STAR

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A sel of four 10

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BOOKS'FOR SALETHE GITA ACOORDING TO GANDHI,

-Mahadev Desai 12 •GANDlIIANA-D. G. Deshpsnde-(A BibliDg1'llphy or

GandIian Literatl1l'e) Ci 0WOMEN AND SOCIAL INJUSTIOE-lr. K. Gandhi 10 0PILGRIMAGE FOR PEACE-Pysrelsl 12 SSTRAY GLIMPSES OF BAPU-Kska Ksielbr Ci 0SELECTIONS FROM GANDHI-NimsI Knmar Boee 10 0FOR PACIFISTS-ltL K. Gsndhi S 0GLEANINGS-Mira 1 6

GANDHIAN ETHICS-Benoy Goplli Ray 2 0BAPU-Marry F. Darr 4 o I

COMMUNAL UNITY-M. K. Gsndhi 2t5 0FAMOUS PARSIS 7 •THE EPIO FAST-PysreInI 2 6CHAITANYA TO V1VEKAN~NDA B SFOOD SHORTAGE-Gsndhi 4 (fSTORY OF BATARA-Msjor B. D. BlIelI, (l.ll.S.) 16 0THE U.K.O.O. AND INDIA-A. N. Agarwala 6 ..(SEVEN MONTHS WITH GANDHI-Kriansdu 12 •STORY OF THE' BIBLE-S. K. George 9RUSKIN-UNTO THIS L!ST-lr. K. Gandhi 1 •DELHI DIARY-Gsndbiji 10 IiA RIGHTEOUS STRUGGI.E-Mshadev Desai .. > S

THE POLITI~ALPllILOSOPHY OF MAHATMA,

GANDHI-Gopinntb Dhewlln 17 t.

Gbtl1:inaolo from: .1

" INDIAN OPINION,"P. Bag. Phoenix, 'Natal.

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6th f=ebruary. 1953 I N 0 I A N

TERMS OF ANTI-RESISTANCE BILL

95

L _

protClt to these Bills and to doall that' is humanly possible toprevent ... crave catastrophe be­f3lling South Africa, The Con­cresses caU upon. the Whites andnon-Whites to joio haods in thiscouotry-wide campaign.

The Congresses warn theGovernment that its attempt toresort to fascist tyranoy will havefar-reaching consequcnces notonly io the Union but also be­yond its borders and will 'consti­tutc a severe threat to worldpeace.

The CO'ogresses considering it:IS their s.lcred duty to stopMalan tyranny, to stop Swart'sBills, to deft-nd all democraticurganisatioDS and the civil liber­ties of the people, bave uoder­taken a country--wide campaignof protest which will culminatein mass provincial conferences onSunday, 15th Febm3f.Y, at whichthe people of Soutb Africa witldemonstrate their oppor.ition tothis new onslaught. To these(;onferences delegates will be in­vited from all political organisa­tioos, churches, religious andsportinc bodies, Ir3de unions,youtb :lOd Itudent organilauons,vigilance committces, advisoryboards, women's organisations aswell as teachers' orl~anisatioos.

'Chiefs 'have also been invited.

As a preliminary to these con­ferences Sunday, Febrouy 8, hasbeen set aside for holdillg of'public meetings in as manycentres as possible throughoutthe Union.

NEW BILLS OPEN DOORS TOPOLICE STATE

OPINION

HANNON'S DETECTIVE AGENCY (PTY.) LTD,MaDa!:iDll Director: O. HANNON, lIC?eUtcen years Royal Irish ComlAbulary

and Crlmlnal ImestlglltlOD Dtpartmrot. S.A. PoUre.Mallllltt: MINDEN PLUMLEY., ex-Hendon Pollee CoII"!:e and CrImInal

lDnstfl:atlOD Department, New ScoliaJld YUd, LondoD.CrIm!Da.I. Commettlaland MalrlmonW 1JJTestlglltJom Unied Out

lD Strlctt:st CoafIdmce..

11/1% P..l GamLtn. J'I'P" Stud: P.O. Bo. St" J.bu...burr·Pb :-err...: %%·7771. Afl., b.t:n: %4-4544.

THE Working Committee oftbe African Natiooal Con­

gress and the South AfricanIndian Congress in a Press state­ment says it views with 'cravealarm' the introduction by theMioister of Justice, Mr. C. R.Swart, in Parliament of tbe PublicSafety Bill and the Criminal LawAmendment Bill. The so calledPublic Safety Bill is the mostserious challenge to tbe civilliberties of the people and willpave the way for a new systemof governing the country byproclamations and Martial Law:

The power to declare a sUleof emcrgeacy in the Union ofSoutb Africa under which theexisting laws of the country maybe suspeoded and the powers ofthe stale be exercised by theGovernor-General or the Ministerof Justice himself will leave tbeentire fate of the country in thebands of Mr. C. R. Swart. Sucbwide and sweeping powers willbe used to render tbe courts in­effective, to destroy not only theCongress but also all the anti­Natiotnlist groups, to round upleaders and throw them into con­ccntration camps, to cru~h therigbts of the citi~ells to expres~

tbeir legitimate opposition totbe oppreslive policies of tbeGovernment.

It should be realiled that if theBilla ",ere allowed to become law,tbe draconian measures containedtberein will make tbe cau.tryundergo all the horrors of thepolice sbte. No person, DO home,and no organisation ",ill be safefrom tbe witcb,bunt it win letloose. It will be a mistake to Gt' 0 - ",assume tbat these measures arc:; (t ... 'FJ Itt)nn1» :,intended merely as an e1ectioneer-' I P n.~ u.tL11 ;£l\ing.hunt,to make the e1ectora~e-: .....ISlPTIC~believe tbat tbe Government IS • olrrn~rnronly dealing with tbe Defiance' - IImovement. Sucb an attitude is.fraught with tragic consequences; I

for the people.The present Government I.

notorious for its abuse of power. A I=ak in the .kin is aTbe history oftbe last five years 'way!n' for germs! Apply

1 ' Cuticun 0iD,tment-qnJcldy. Tois full of such ~.xalIlp es whicb rapidly restore .kin health. Toneed not be enumerated bere. combat infection. To allay soreness.The Congresses, tberefore, caU I and to ke<:p the injwy clean and

I comfortahle while It heabupon all tbe democratic f.rces: I

within the country to nise their-' sf.0R CUTS AND SCRATCHESvoices and organise:l Union-wide

DeportationTbe Bill provides for the de.

tnr.ting of aoy person who ia'Dc1 a South African citizen bybirth or descClnt, Bod who halbeen committed in terms of theBiU, if he is deemed by tbeGovernor-General. or in tbe caleof an inhabitant of South·WestAfrica. by the Adminiltrator, tobe an undesirable inhabitant.

Such a person may be removedfrom the Union or from' theterritory Bnd, pending removal,may be detained in custody inthc aame way as prohibitedimmigrlLl1ts.-Sapa.

I! (f) Both imprisonment and awhipping.

IncitementThe penl.lltiea lor incitement

apply to any penon who, in anymanner whatsollver, adviles,encourages, commands, aidl orprocures any other persoo, orpersons in general, to commit anolIenee by way of protr-st againata law or in .upport of a cam­paign of resistance against thelaws of the Union, or to anyperson who uses any languagenr does any act or thing calcu­lated to caUl6 any person orpersons to commit such offences.

The Bill makes it an offencefor any person to solicit, acceptor receive from any penon orbody of persoos, whether withinor outside the Unioo, or whoolfers to Cive to any penon orbody of persons aoy money orother article in support of aresistance campaign.

Offences under this .ectionwill be puoishable by the penal·ties provided for incitement.

In additioo to imposiog thescpenalties, the court may, on can.viction of any penon, confiscateto the State any money or articlein possenion or uoder the con.trol of tbe peuon convicted.

Provision is made for thejoiot trial of persons alleged tohave committed similar offence.at the same time and place.

Where a person convicted ioterms of the Bill fail. to pay thefine imposed on him within 48hours, the court may isliue anorder to recover the money byIlltachment and aale of movableproperty.

A magistrate's court will havejurisdiction to impose any ofthe sentence. provided in the13iU exCl':pt that no magistratc'.'COurt will have jurisdiction toimpose a sentenr.e of a fine ex.=eding £399 or imprilonmentfor a period exceeding three)lears.

SentencesAny person who commits such

an olItnce will be lia~lc on can'victi on to the penalties pre­.cribed lor incitement to brea))the Unioo's law•.

For olIeoees Committed byWilY of protest or in support ofany campaign against the lawsof the Uaion, or in lupport ofany campaign for the repeal ormodification of any law or theTatiation or limitation of theapplication or adminiltrationof any law, B court may, onconviction, im~ se the follow­ing .entences:-

(a) A fine not exceeding £399;or

(b) Impri.somnent for notmore than t~lI years; or

(e) A whippiDg not exceedingt9.Uous lor

(d) Both fioe and imprilon­ment; or

(e) Both fioe and a whipping;OC

(I) Both ilIllprhonment and II

whippinb'

For incit tment to commitolIenee, in . ropport of a resilit.ance camp. Ii/:o, t~ court mayimpo~ the I follbwing penalties:

(a) A fir Ie not exceeding £599;or

(b) 1m pmanment lor a periodnot exec .edicg five yean; or

(e) A whipping !let acceding15 Ilro ~ or .

(d) 1k<tk fiDe and imprison­ment; or

(e) Both. fine CI ~ "Whipping;or

THE Criminal Law Amend·ment Bill, morc popularly

known 81 the Anti-ResistanceBill mnkes it an olIence lor apenon to "advise, encourage,incite. command, aid or procureany other person or penons ingene,al" to commit an olIenccby way of protest ogainst a lawor in lupport of any campaignallainlt II law.

It also leeks to outlaw theoller or acceptaoce of financialor otber assistance for organisedresistanee Bgainlit tbe laws 01the Union and provides forspecial measures for the recoveryof finel imposed in terms 01 thelegislation.

It provides lor deportment fortbose eonvicted who nre notSouth Africans by birth ordescent Bnd for tbe restrictionof movement 01 persons withinthe Unioo.

The measure includes a sec.tion entitliog the Postmaster­General to intercept mrdl sus.pected ofc(lntaining mon.ey foroIllani,ed resistllnce movemenu.

96 INDIAN OPINION ~th February, 1953

also lit

....•......................................

.....................~ ....................•

'It khakil!1I .....

tropleal,.

.Soothenl Rbodesk. ,P.O. 80:<427•

r if"::''''

Pllone UIO, Uub""'0,

fi)gN~fO)Nlf\,·SHORTS AND SLACKS

~~ MIO)frJ;A\f#t~(, Ra.'!TRADE ENQUIRIES

UNION OF'S. AFRICADENTON TRADING CO.'

Pho•• JI-tJ81 JOHANNESBURG P.O. Ilcx 3561

N. RHODESIAFEIGENBAUM BROS.

Phon, 27S8 • BUL\WAYO P.O. Bo. 354

BRITISH EAST AFRICAVAN BRUSSEL &·CO. (E.A.) LTD.

Pho•• 4010 Tru.l M'J"iou, NAIllOBI

CONGO BELGEH. J. HYMANS

Phoo. 313 EUSABETHVllLE P.O. llox IS7

M'ASHONALAND AND P.E.A.W. F. NEUMAN

Ph••, 2·1%19/2-4921 SAUSBURY 1'.0. llox 149%

BULAWAYO CLOTHING FACTORY LTD.

Cablt1 & Tel. Add:"PllosrS:RITY" (All "mIlCh..)

(Established 1927

General Wholesale MerchantsEXPORTERS AND IMPORTERS

Prelnier PrOdllCeCO. (Pty) Ltd.

All enquiries for Export and Importto the Head-Office.

Head-Office: .. PREMIER HOUSE"

j64 Pine Strel;t, Durban.

JOHANNESBURG • BENONIPhonc~: 34.3554J5 : Benoni Coal Site

+P.O. Box 200, Fordsburg, : Phone ,54-IBI3,

82, Crown Road, + Rangevlow Coal Sites-54-210SFordsburg, Johannesburg,: P.O. Box 392, Beno';i.

. +•

I'hon~" 2?121/J (S"lI;hh".nl)Z417? (l\laM~n)

P.O. Box 2197

BlIyf'lf' lll\fl l.llgl' Slo('ki<llfi 01' all killflfi fir !JI(Jiilu:11111 EIIIIII't'tlll (lIOl·l'ri'.:'!, r'r(Jvi"ioll«, SOllP", Oil«,

Gl'Hill'l. IIpall<', P(':lA, K:dlircorn, i\lalt. i\Illim, Maile1'1 PllUCI:-1. \ Vhl'al, \ Vhl'l\tclI Proline! fl, Crockery,

IlnHlwlllc HUrl also Coal of 011 type'!.

Wholesale Merchants

CLOTHING MANUFACTURERS

The Star.Clothing -Factory

1953so UTH AFRICAN

DIARIES--

Postage

\ Sci.Sci.11- ­1[6

Price4/9

- 1J69,'·

16/3

~ize

3 days to page 8" x 5"1 day to p:age 8" x S"3 days 10 pag~ 13" x 8"I day to page' 13" x 8"

No. 85.No. 851.No. 138.No. 1381

Proprietors:c. h. PlIleJ. D. K. PatelV. D. Pilei. IL J. Pale

K. C. Palel.

\

\

P.O. Box 237.

Jameson Road,

NORTHERN

Phone,SI4.

Livingstone,

RHODESIA.

Immediale Dc/it'cl'Y Order Radyto (It'oicl disappoilltl/;·Clll.

NATIONAL OFFICE SUPPLIES(PTY. LTD.)

76 Victoria itreet, Durban.

Our .."l.A. RCI'l't'scntalit'c:

r •H~:'L, Hompes & CO.,

(Piy.) Ltd.

If it's PRINTING ' Consult:-,

UNIVERSAL PRINTING WORKSCommercial Printers

-(Jail'wfnl' Special i~t"l

9 Bond Street, Durban,Durban, P.O. Box 1301.

Johannesburg, P.O. Box 3480•.Capeto~n, P.O. Box 824. Vhone 2~29S P. 0. Box 1327

Prioted and Pubh,tcd by M'nlla! M. Gandhi al l'hocnh,' NUlal.