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SYMBOLSEach page-long article in the magazine has been created to be used more or less independently so that you can learn and practise even if you only have five or ten minutes free.

At the same time, the symbols below allow you to develop a theme you are interested in more extensively. Teachers can use these symbols to instantly prepare a class or classes around a common theme.

How to UseYour English Supplement

Exercise (at the end of the magazine). Test and consolidate what

you have learned.

Downloadable audio file (see also audio scripts). There are

recommendations on how best to use the audio files on p. 87.

Listening extension (Internet). Once you’ve

learned the basic vocabulary of a topic,

why not listen to further discussions?

Speaking extension. A question aimed at provoking a group discussion of the topic in question.

This arrow directs you to other related articles

in the magazine.

ABBREVIATIONS KEYThese are the only abbreviations you have to know to use this magazine:sb. = somebodysth. = somethingswh. = somewhere[U] = uncountable noun[C] = countable noun

Photo by GabboT

Photo by Humanrobo

YES 6 | 176, 22 p. 6 p.6

Technology

THE SINGULARITYThe fear now is that robots could bring about1 the demise2 of humanity. This is not just something that Hol-lywood scriptwriters3 think about. Such things worry computer-programming expert Jaan Tallinn, co-founder of Skype, Huw Price, professor4 of philosophy at Cambridge,

and Lord Rees, the astronomer royal and master of Trinity College, Cambridge. They have set up5 the Centre for the Study of Existential Risk at Cambridge.

Part of the problem arises6 because the speed7 and capacity of computers doubles every 18 months. It is pre-dicted that around 2040 we will build our last machine. From then on8 machines will create other ever-more-in-telligent machines autonomously. At this point – known as ‘the Singularity’ – we will no longer be the most intelligent beings on the planet.

THE END OF USSome researchers and philosophers think that machines will be nice to us. There are two problems with this naïve9 idea: first, as we have seen, we have already created robots that kill. Secondly, artificial intelligence is created in our image – how do we treat10 the next most intelli-gent beings in our world? Chimpanzees, dolphins and octopuses? We destroy their habitat, keep them in zoos, experiment on them and eat them. Once robots can rep-licate themselves and control their own evolution, human-ity can be marginalized. This doesn’t have to be anything as dramatic as genocide. As we have seen, robots can simply make the majority of us unemployed, superfluous, obsolete. In such a scenario11 we will just gradually fade from view12 as an irrelevance. As T.S. Eliot wrote back in 1925, “This is the way the world ends // Not with a bang but a whimper13”14.

1 to bring about (bring-brought-brought) – cause

2 demise – end, decline 3 scriptwriter – sb. who writes the script (= text) of a movie

4 professor – (false friend) head

of department at a university, senior academic

5 to set up (set-set-set) – create, establish

6 to arise (arise-arose-arisen) – emerge, occur

7 speed – velocity 8 from then on – after that 9 naïve – unsophisticated, child-like 10 to treat – deal with, act towards 11 scenario – (false friend) hypo-

thetical situation

12 to fade from view – be margin-alized, become irrelevant

13 whimper – whine, pathetic pro-test, small noise of discomfort (like that made by a frightened dog)

14 in The Hollow Men

THE TECHNOCENE:THE AGE OF THE MACHINE

p. 40

4 | YES 9

Photo by NOAA NMFS

YES 6 | 132

Science | ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR

THE TERMITE TELEPHONEAfrican termites (Macrotermes natalensis) send warning1 messages through their colonies at a speed of 1.3 metres per second, according to research from the University of Bochum in Germany. They do this by banging2 their heads on the ground 11 times per second. Each termite’s message travels only 20cm but it is immediately picked up3 and relayed4 by the nearest termite, a bit like mobile phone antennas. There is little danger of the message being garbled5 – as it is in the game of Chinese whis-pers6 – because it is so simple: “danger predator”.

NOT-SO-CARNIVOROUSCROCS7

Research from the US Fish and Wildlife Service in Charleston, South Carolina, has confirmed decades of anecdotal reports: over half the existing crocodilian species supplement their diet with fruit. It seems that at least 13 of the 23 species of crocodiles and alliga-tors in the world today eat fruit as well as meat.

LUNATICSAND ELEPHANTS

Research from the University of Basel has con-firmed that people sleep worse when there is a full moon8. On average it takes five minutes longer to get to sleep, we sleep 20 minutes less and we spend 30% less time in deep sleep when there is a full moon.

Meanwhile9, a study from Anglia Ruskin Univer-sity has found that African elephants plan their raids10 on cropland11 to coincide with the new moon. Elephant raids are more frequent and more substantial when the nights are darkest. This suggests that they under-stand that darkness lowers the risk of being killed by farmers12. Or perhaps they know that humans sleep less and more lightly13 when there is a full moon!

MY NAME IS FLIPPERDolphins have a signature whistle14 which they use to identify themselves and to identify others. When they hear a familiar whistle they will repeat it back to their acquaintance15, which they don’t do for an unfamiliar whistle. Moreover, a study from the University of Chi-cago has now found that dolphins remember each other’s signature whistles14 after more than 20 years apart, sug-gesting they have the best memory in the animal world.

1 warning (adj.) – alarm 2 to bang – beat, hit3 to pick up – receive 4 to relay – resent 5 garbled – incoherent, meaningless

6 Chinese whispers (UK Eng-lish) – broken telephone (US English)

7 croc – (colloquial) crocodile 8 full moon – when the complete disc of the moon is visible

(associated with werewolves)9 meanwhile – at the same time 10 raid – surprise attack 11 cropland – arable farms 12 farmer – agriculturalist 13 more lightly – less deeply14 signature whistle – high-fre-

quency sound that identifies an individual

15 acquaintance – known indi-vidual, (in this case) friend

Photo by Ikiwaner

FOOTNOTESThe superscript numbers in the text refer to the footnotes at the bottom or at the side of the same page. The footnotes explain the difficult vocabu-lary as determined by our non-native proofreaders. Like you, these proof-readers are learners so they are able to identify the exact words you need to know to understand the sentence. Definitions are given in English, so that you learn to think in English and these definitions are then checked by the non-native proofreaders to ensure that you will understand them. Some words are defined by pictures: we use these visual stimuli when that is the best way to fix an idea in your memory. Read the definition or look at the illustration and then re-read the sentence in ques-tion. By working with English-language footnotes you will rapidly increase your vocabulary and learn how English words relate to each other, all of which will have a dramatic impact on your fluency and self-confidence1.

Some readers find it useful to put their finger next to the word in the article that they are looking for in the footnotes to make it easier to return to the text afterwards. Either way, it shouldn’t be difficult to find your place because the footnotes are numbered and the words are highlighted in bold. Notice that the syllables and words that should be stressed2 are underlined.

Red footnotes give extra cultural (rather than linguistic) information, or they refer you to other articles.

1 self-confidence – self-assurance (opposite of ‘self-doubt’, ‘hesitancy’)2 to stress sth. – emphasize, underline

Consonants/ʧ/ as in church, watch/ʃ/ as in wash, sure, action/ʤ/ as in judge, gesture/ʒ/ as in measure, vision/j/ as in yes/θ/ as in thick, path/ð/ as in this, breathe/ŋ/ as in sing

Pure Vowels/æ/ as in cat/ʌ/ as in cut/ə/ as in occur, supply,

aroma/ɜ:/ as in first, turn, earn/ɔ:/ as in court, warn

Dipthongs/iə/ as in ear, here/eə/ as in air, there

PHONEMICSYMBOLSHere are the phonemic symbols that we use which might cause you problems.

YES 9 | 5

6 | YES 9

7 UK News - stories from around Britain.8 US News - matters arising in the great United States.9 EU News - what’s happening in the European Union.10 Language News - the latest information about names and tattoos11 Language News - the latest news about the use of language12 Science: Health News - five steps to live longer13 Science: Psychology - the latest advances in our

understanding of the mind EXERCISES 2, 19

14 The Science of Love - what scientists are saying about human

affections EXERCISE 4

19 Economics: the Perfect Valentine’s Present? - should you let your lover choose

by buying a gift card?20 Economics: Want to Get Rich? Get Married! - the financial benefits of marriage21 Economics: the Economics of Being Single - the economic implications of not tying the knot EXERCISES 20, 25

22 Internet: Finding Love On-line - advice on using internet dating services23 Internet: Modern Romance & Cyberspace - Second Life and your love life EXERCISE 28

SPEAKING & LISTENING EXTENSION

10 View some of the hilarious tattoos collected by Veritas Language Solutions at:

http://goo.gl/okeKUx

14 Watch: Helen Fisher gives a TED talk about the neurology of love:

http://goo.gl/c90Lqk

22 Speak: is the internet a help or a hindrance to the heart?

CURRENTAFFAIRSThis section of the magazine offers short news stories organized thematically:

Photo by David Osado

14 | YES 94 p. 6

Science

ADDICTED TO LOVE‘Love’ describes a variety of apparently different states. First there is motherly3 love, which is the most intense form and the most ubiquitous4 in the animal world. Then there is romantic love, which we tend to associate with monogamy. However, monogamy is shockingly5 rare6 amongst7 animals – fewer than 5% of mammalian species are monogamous, and true sexual fidelity is even rarer. Finally, there is brotherly love, which we associate with altruism and a feeling of oneness8 with the world.

However, science tells us that English9 is right to lump all these different feelings together10 under the ‘love’ umbrella11; romantic love and brotherly love seem to be adaptations of the basic maternal love instinct. Motherly love is based on chemical addiction. The exertion12 of labour13 triggers14 a release15 of oxytocin, which causes the mother – be she a mouse or a human – to become addicted to the smell of her infant. Love activates the

same dopamine reward circuit16 that is artificially stim-ulated by cocaine and heroin (though love is a much healthier17 option!). Romantic love is an evolutionary adaptation of the mother-infant bond18 to keep men and women together, at least until any resulting offspring19 reach20 a minimum age to survive without paternal pro-tection (around the age of seven in evolutionary terms).

THE LOVE DRUGThe hormone oxytocin certainly seems to be our primary love drug. Oxytocin levels increase in men when they are sexually aroused21 and in women during orgasm, so they definitely connect sex and love. But they are also increased simply by touch and massaging. Oxytocin is an important stimulator of trust22, allowing23 us to connect with others, in part by reducing fear-related activity in the amygdala. Oxytocin also makes us less judgemental, less able to see the negative aspects of others.

1 dirty trick – manipulative sub-terfuge, clever stratagem

2 to achieve – get, accomplish, obtain

3 motherly (adj.) – maternal 4 ubiquitous – found everywhere,

universal 5 shockingly – scandalously 6 rare – infrequent, uncommon 7 amongst – among, (in this

case) for

8 oneness – unity, empathy 9 in contrast to the English

language, some languages have distinct words. Ancient Greek, for example had storge for parental love, agape for pure love (‘of the soul’), eros for ‘love of the body’, philia for ‘love of the mind’ and xenia for hospital-ity (love of guests).

10 to lump together – combine, aggregate

11 umbrella – (in this case) gen-eral category

12 exertion – effort, strain13 labour – (in this case) childbirth,

parturition (technical)14 to trigger – provoke, activate 15 release – emission 16 reward circuit – neural system

of recompense

17 healthier – more salubrious 18 bond – attachment, nexus 19 offspring – children 20 to reach – get to, arrive at21 to arouse – excite 22 trust – belief/confidence in

others23 to allow – permit, enable

THE SCIENCEOF LOVE

Love is only the dirty trick1 played on us to achieve2 continuation of the species.W. SOMERSET MAUGHAM

CULTUREThis section of the magazine offers...

24 | YES 9

SPEAKING & LISTENING EXTENSION

26 Speaking: describe your favourite coastline. You can watch a short comical promotional

video about the Antrim Coast at: http://goo.gl/dUksmY 30 Speaking: should alcohol we controlled

like tobacco and marijuana?

40 Speaking: is deciding not to have children a legitimate life choice or an act of decadence?

42 Watch: a scene of The Dead Poet’s Society (1989) is dedicated to Herrick’s poem. You can watch it at:

http://goo.gl/aVJTGR

47 Pronounce: learn to speak with a glottal stop with 4-year-old Pepper at:

http://goo.gl/20HC3y

50 Watch this video about how one of Orpen’s paintings became briefly famous on British television in 2012.

http://goo.gl/dOQqWO View this slide show of a couple of

dozen of Orpen’s works at: http://goo.gl/GHCdxb

54 Watch this interview with Mr Blahnik at: http://goo.gl/8Mpt4s

25 Biography: the world’s most famous living scientist

EXERCISE 9

26-29 Travel: The Seven Wonders of Antrim, Northern Ireland

EXERCISE 23

30-33 Society: the Truth about Booze – alcohol, civilization and decadence

34-38 History: the Bluestockings – the female intelligentsia of the 18th Century

EXERCISE 5

39 Politics: the Rise of Older Women – the emergence of ‘granny power’

EXERCISE 3

40-41 Psychology: the Death of Motherly Love – choosing to be childless

42-45 Poetry: Gather Ye Rosebuds While Ye May by Robert Herrick

EXERCISE 22

46-47 Language: Can You Speak Jamie? – Mockney & the World’s Favourite Chef

EXERCISE 35

48-49 Education: Moocs Revisited – the limits of artificial intelligence

50-53 Art: William Orpen: the Last Victorian – painting glamour and carnage

EXERCISE 29

54-57 Fashion: Manolo Blahnik – “Better than Sex” EXERCISE 32

58-61 Cinema: Katharine Hepburn EXERCISE 16

62 Sports: 15-love – Scoring in Tennis EXERCISE 31

Section of the causeway at Antrim Photo by Raoul Franklin

26 | YES 923 24

Travel

The Causeway CoastThe Antrim Coastline (plus a bit of the Derry Coast that faces directly onto the Atlantic) is known in the tour-ist brochures3 as ‘The Causeway Coast’. The name refers, of course, to The Giant’s Causeway, a World Heritage Site4.

1. The LegendIrish hero, Finn McCool, fell in love with a Scottish giant-ess named Una. He therefore built a land bridge from Ulster to Scotland so that he could bring her back to his native land. The couple fled across5 the causeway6 and arrived safely in Antrim. Unfortunately, the jealous Scottish giant Benandonner followed them across the land bridge, intent on7 bringing Una back to Scotland.

When Finn saw the size of the Scottish giant, the Irish hero knew he could not defeat8 Benandonner using brute force. However, he devised9 a cunning10 plan. He dressed up as11 a baby and, when Benandonner approached Una, she showed him Finn claiming12 he was McCool’s infant. When the Scottish giant saw such a large13 baby he surmised14 that the father must be enor-mous, and became afraid. Benandonner fled back to15 Scotland and, as he did so, he destroyed the causeway6 behind him. This is why you can now only see part of the structure in Antrim and another part on Staffa Island in Scotland.

Of course, geologists don’t accept that story and they will tell you that the 40,000 hexagonal columns of basalt, which are obviously manmade16, were formed naturally by cooling17 lava some 60 million years ago. Believe whoever you choose.

2. BushmillsThree kilometres inland from the Giant’s Causeway you come to Bushmills, which contains the world’s oldest whiskey distillery. Even many whiskey-lovers from Scotland and the Republic of Ireland will admit that Bushmills is probably the best whiskey in the world. Outside July, when the distillery is closed for mainte-nance, you can watch the ‘water of life’18 being made. Bushmills is connected to the Giant’s Causeway by a picturesque tramway19.

1 seashore – coast 2 wonder – marvel, spectacular

sight 3 brochure – publicity magazine 4 World Heritage Site – place

that is considered of global cultural importance by the UNESCO

5 to flee across sth. (flee-fled-fled) – cross sth. to escape

6 causeway – land bridge 7 to be intent on – have the

intention of 8 to defeat – beat, triumph over 9 to devise – dream up, conceive 10 cunning – astute, clever

11 to dress up as – put on the clothes of

12 to claim – say, declare 13 large – (false friend) big 14 to surmise /səˈmaiz/ – deduce,

infer 15 to flee back to swh. – return

swh. to escape

16 manmade – artificial 17 cooling – that is becoming

colder 18 the literal meaning of ‘whis-

key’ in Gaelic19 tramway – line for a tram, light

railway

The Seven Wonders of AntrimThe Antrim Coast occupies much of the seashore1 between Northern Ireland’s two cities: Belfast and Derry. Not only is this some of the most beautiful countryside in the whole of the British Isles but this land of legends also offers an impressive variety of world-class wonders2.

Photo by National Portrait Gallery London

Frances Burney

34 | YES 95

History

The Rise3 of the Female NovelistGeorgian Britain4 had a very clear idea about what was appropriate and respectable for ladies to do. Their mental ability for attention to detail meant that they could paint flowers, but their incapacity for abstract thought meant that they couldn’t produce historical paintings. They could write letters, diaries and conduct books5 but they were not suited for6 intellectual writing like poetry and history.

Then, in 1741 Samuel Richardson wrote the hugely7 successful novel Pamela about a servant girl’s ulti-mately8 successful attempts9 to preserve her ‘virtue’ in the face of a predatory10 employer. The book did two things. First, it began to make novel-writing respectable; most novels until 1750 – Moll Flanders (1722), Fantomina (1725) Fanny Hill (1748), Tom Jones (1749) had been pretty11 salacious12 and ‘unsuitable’13 for ladies (as readers or writers). Secondly, by more or less inventing the epis-tolary novel, Richardson took the genre into female

territory – letter writing. Indeed14, what inspired Richard-son to write Pamela was a conduct book he was prepar-ing, and this as we have said was another permitted area of female writing.

Money MotivesWhy would women want to write? Well, for the same reason most men wrote novels – to earn money. ‘Respect-able’ employment for women was highly15 restricted in the 18th Century. One of the few options was to be a gov-erness. However, a governess – who gave up16 her free-dom in many aspects of her life – was lucky to earn £20 a year. When you realize17 that Frances Burney earned £2000 from Evelina (1778) it is not hard18 to see the attrac-tion of novel writing for impecunious19 ladies. More-over, women could submit20 novels to publishers anon-ymously, a big bonus in a world in which writing fiction was still not wholly respectable.

We now consider the novel as the primary form of literature. It is ironic to think that women came to domi-nate English literature21 because novels were considered barely22 serious literature in the 18th Century and there-fore appropriate for women.

1 according to Peter J. Kitson in English Literature in Context [Cambridge, 2008]

2 to come about (come-came-come) – occur, happen

3 rise – (in this case) advance, progress

4 1714-1830 5 conduct book – book that tries to educate the reader about social norms

6 to be suited for – be right/appropriate for

7 hugely – enormously, (in this case) very

8 ultimately – (false friend) in the end

9 attempt – effort 10 predatory – rapacious 11 pretty (adv.) – rather, quite,

surprisingly 12 salacious – titillating, obscene,

indecent13 unsuitable – inappropriate 14 indeed – (emphatic) in fact 15 highly – very 16 to give sth. up (give-gave-

given) – relinquish sth., renounce sth.

17 to realize – (false friend) become conscious

18 hard – difficult 19 impecunious – having little or

no money20 to submit sth. – send sth.,

present sth. 21 think Jane Austen, Mary

Shelley, the Brontës, George Eliot, Virginia Woolf, Iris Murdoch, etc.

22 barely – hardly, not really

Women Writers in the 18th CenturyIn 1750 there were essentially no women publishing their written work in Britain. 50 years later there were literally thousands of British women writing novels.1 How did this explosion in women’s novels come about2?

Photo by NASA

Dr Mae C Jemison: the first African-American woman in space

40 | YES 924 15

Psychology

The Sacred ResponsibilityWhen Mary Wollstonecraft – the founder of feminist philosophy – wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792) she still saw childbearing1 as a sacred2 responsi-bility for women. Feminist attitudes gradually changed over the following two centuries as birth control gave women choice over how many children they would have. Even so, until a generation ago, a woman who had no children was an object of pity3. Women could focus on their careers4 but they should try to “have it all” – career, husband and family. 15 years ago there were iconic ‘superwomen’ such as Nichola Horlick, a City fund manager who balanced her high-flying career with being a mother of six. Then Baby Hunger (2002) by Sylvia Ann

Hewlett appeared and exposed the myth of women who have it all; most women who were trying to juggle5 career, husband and family were miserable6. Their rela-tionships were failing7 and they felt regrets8 over either not having children or failing to be effective mothers.

There is no boredom9 like that of an intelligent woman who spends all day with a very small child.DORIS LESSING

Briefcases Before BabiesThe current cohort10 of young professional women grew up watching their mothers trying to have it all and making themselves deeply unhappy. This has pro-voked a sea change11 in attitude. Now 57% of profes-sional women in Britain aged 40-45 are childless12 and three-quarters of them do not feel they sacrificed their families for their careers. They simply chose with their partners13 not to have children. Moreover, the stigma, the pity14, has largely15 gone. As Hewlett observes, “If half of the people you know don’t have children, you’re not the oddity16 any more”.

The tipping point17 is also related to contact with one’s extended family. Researchers from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine found that women who are in close contact with extended family are more likely to18 become pregnant, even after con-trolling for19 income20, education, religion and ethnicity. As families become more nuclear, the family pressure to reproduce declines.

Middle-aged women in the UK are twice as likely to21 be childless as the previous generation. Now 20% of 45-year-old women have never had children.

1 childbearing – having babies

2 sacred – sacro-sanct, venerable

3 pity – compas-sion, condolence

4 career – (false friend) profes-sional trajectory

5 to juggle –

6 miserable – (false friend) very unhappy

7 to fail – not function, be a fiasco 8 regrets – remorse,

self-condemnation 9 boredom – tedium 10 cohort – group of people of a

similar age11 sea change – profound

transformation

12 to be childless – have no children

13 partner – (in this case) signifi-cant other, husband, boyfriend, lover

14 pity – commiseration, condolence

15 largely – mostly, in general 16 oddity – freak, eccentric 17 tipping point – point of

inflection 18 to be more likely to (+ infini-

tive) – have a greater probabil-ity of (+ -ing)

19 to control for – take into consideration

20 income – earnings, salary 21 to be twice as likely to

(+ infinitive) – have double the probability of (+ -ing)

The Death of Motherly Love

Bringing Up Baby

58 | YES 916

Cinema

Katharine HepburnA New Perspective

‘A foggy1 night in Los Angeles in May 1947, and the 30,000 people crammed into2 Gilmore Stadium were getting restless3. “Wallace in ’48!” they chanted4. But instead of5 the former6 vice-president – an ardent liberal many suspected of being a socialist, who was considering a run for7 the White House – a thin woman in a bright red dress walked out onto the stage... Katharine Hepburn. The crowd8 went wild. That a movie star of her magnitude would show up in support of9 a man being pilloried10 as a socialist by both Democrats and Republicans seemed unbelievable.’ 11

Hepburn & the HUACThe witch-hunt12 driven by the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) had started and Hepburn wasn’t going to sit back and watch as the freedom of American people and above all13 the independence of

US culture were eroded: “I want to speak to you about the attacks on culture... I speak because I am an American and as an American I shall always resist any attempt14 at the abridgement15 of freedom... The artist, since the beginning of time, has always expressed the aspirations and dreams of his people. Silence the artist and you have silenced the most articulate voice the people have.” She compared President Truman with the “police of imperial Japan”, compared the State Department with Hitler for censoring American paintings abroad16. She condemned segregationists who tried to silence actor Paul Robeson17.

Un-American ActivitiesWas Hepburn – the most recognizably upper-class accent in Hollywood – a Communist? Not by any objective measure18 but she was a progressive liberal intellectual and that was in reality a bigger ‘crime’19. McCarthyism, the witch-hunts and the postwar backlash20 weren’t really against communism – there were precious few committed revolutionaries in the USA and even fewer in Hollywood. The real target21 of the HUAC was the social democratic liberal intelligentsia22 who had held power23 during the Roosevelt years (1933-45).

1 foggy – characterized by fog (= atmospheric effect that reduces visibility, similar to mist but typically near the sea)

2 crammed into – packed into, filling

3 restless – nervous, agitated 4 to chant – shout repeatedly in

unison 5 instead of – rather than, in place of

6 former – ex- 7 a run for – (in this case) being a candidate for

8 crowd – multitude 9 in support of – to back 10 to pillory – attack, crucify 11 Kate: The Woman Who Was

Katherine Hepburn by Wil-liam J. Mann [Faber, 2006]

12 witch-hunt – persecution of a group who have unorthodox

ideas 13 above all – most importantly 14 attempt – effort 15 abridgement – curtailment,

reduction, restriction 16 abroad – overseas, in foreign

countries 17 (1898-1976) the greatest

African American actor of the mid-20th Century

18 by any objective measure

– in any objective sense 19 crime – (in this case) offence,

transgression 20 backlash – reactionary

counterattack 21 target – (false friend) objective 22 intelligentsia – intellectual

and cultural elite 23 to hold power (hold-held-

held) – be in control

YES 9 | 63

GRAMMARThis section of the magazine offers...

AUDIO SCRIPTS EXTENSION

Track 1 Conversation point Under what circumstances do

you take a day off work?

Track 2 Conversation point Should the Olympics be settled in Greece?

Track 3 Conversation point Do you expect any great cryptozoological

discoveries in your lifetime?

Track 5 Conversation point Which natural and manmade wonders

would you most like to see before you die? Do you think you will?

SPEAKING EXTENSION

68 Speak: under what circumstances would you use a lonely-hearts column or an internet dating service? Is there any stigma attached to these services in your culture? If so, why?

72 Watch a short, clear and damning presentation on the infantalization of women in advertising at:

http://goo.gl/w4hnJU

THE LANGUAGEOF LOVE DOSSIER64 Loved-up: romantic phrasal verbs EXERCISE 2666 The Grammar of ‘Love’ EXERCISE 2768 English in Context: Lonely-Hearts Ads EXERCISE 1170 False Friends: Terms of Endearment EXERCISE 1772 Etymology: infantalization 74 Idioms: love expressions EXERCISE 3478 Pronunciation: Turned ‘v’ - love a duck! EXERCISE 12

81 Writing: subscribers’ corrections

82 Translation: Eatery Error Detectives EXERCISE 24

83 Signs: Unfortunate Business Names

84 Word Building: Amorous Morphology EXERCISE 33

85 Subscription Information86 Picture Description

83 Read more unfortunate shop and other commercial names at:

http://goo.gl/aFDlN4

Photo by Gnlogic

Photo by Marina Carresi

64 | YES 926

Phrasal Verbs

Loved-UpThe informal phrasal verb ‘to love sb. up’ means ‘to cuddle1 sb.’- She loves him up whenever she can. The adjective ‘loved-up’ is only indirectly related to the phrasal verb. It has two meanings, which are largely2 determined by context:a. high on drugs3, especially ecstasy4 b. amorous or enamoured“What’s the connection?” you may well ask. Well, apparently people who are high on ecstasy tend to feel euphoric and amorous. - The loved-up clubbers5 were having a ball6.- Here come the loved-up couple –cooing7 at each

other as usual.

A Whirlwind8 RomanceIt is possible to base an entire romance from beginning to end on phrasal verbs:

Falling in Love fall for sb. [fall-fell-fallen] = fall in love with sb., be attracted to sb.:- Ken fell for Chika9 the moment they met; it was love at

first sight.

ask sb. out= invite sb. on a first date10:- Ken asked Chika out to a new Korean restaurant.

open up= become more receptive and open. The allusion is pre-sumably to a flower. Notice that in a military context to open up means to start shooting:- Chika was very shy11 at first, but she gradually opened

up and began to trust12 Ken.

take to sb. [take-took-taken]= start to like- Chika took to Ken because he was very romantic and

handsome.

take sb. out [take-took-taken]= take sb. to different types of entertainment and pay for it:- Ken took Chika out to all the best restaurants and the-

atres in town.

get off with sb. [get-got-got]= kiss and touch sb. sexually for the first time:- He finally got off with her one evening while they were

watching her favourite chick flick13.

get on/along with sb. [get-got-got]= have a good relationship, be friends- They got on very well for the first year.

1 to cuddle – hug, embrace affectionately

2 largely – primarily, mostly, more or less

3 high on drugs – stoned, under the influence of narcotics

4 ecstasy – methylenedioxyme-thamphetamine (MDMA), ‘E’,

the love drug5 clubber – sb. who frequents

nightclubs (= discothèques)6 to have a ball (have-had-had) – enjoy oneself greatly, have a lot of fun

7 to coo – (in this case) whisper sweet nothings (= speak softly

to sb. in a private romantic conversation)

8 whirlwind – rapid and impulsive (like a tornado)

9 a Japanese girls’ name meaning ‘scattered flowers’

10 date – romantic encounter, intimate meeting

11 shy – timid 12 to trust – have confidence in 13 chick flick – romantic movie

(considered to be especially attractive for a female audience)

Loved-Up Romantic PhrasalVerbs

Like any other aspect of life, love has its phrasal verbs in English.

Photo by Tiffany Dawn Nicholson YES 9 | 81

LEARN TOWRITE INENGLISH

1 of up to – of a maximum of2 to be amazed – be astonished, be pleasantly surprised

3 to submit – (in this case) send 4 delay – (in this case) waiting

period, interval

RULES AND GUIDELINES>> This correction service is only open to current subscribers to Yes in any of its three formats.>> The right to the correction of a 120-word text is not cumulative. In other words if

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>> We will try to return your corrected texts as soon as possible but you should expect a delay4 of at least 48 hours between submitting3 your text and receiving your corrections.

The world speaks English and if you want to reach most of people, you need to write

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in the business world , you probably have to write emails constantly to talk about your

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Facebook or you want your opinions in on twitter Twitter to be known outside

your country, you need the English language to make them yourself understood.

If you want to develop a long-distance friendship or a romantic relationship with

a foreigner through via emails or facebook Facebook or another any other of the

means technology offers you because of the distance , English is fundamental.

Do you need to be able to write well in English? YES is introducing a new service for subscribers. Each week anyone who has subscribed to the print, digital or app version of the magazine has a right to send us a text of up to1 120 words and we will correct it and return it. It’s as simple as that. You’ll be amazed2 how quickly your writing improves with weekly practice and correction.

‘most’ is wrong. It should be either “the greatest number of people” or “more people”.

This expression is ambiguous. I think you mean “given the growth in international trade” or “given the drive towards globalization”.

We’d say “from around the world”, not “from everywhere”

The phrase “because of the distance” is ambiguous. We would express this idea by adding “long-distance” earlier in the sentence.

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AUDIO SCRIPTSThe following pages contain the transcriptions of what is spoken on the audio files.

SPOKEN-ENGLISH TIPSSpoken English is significantly different from the written language: A more limited vocabulary is generally used and it is, by definition, more colloquial.Moreover1, spoken English uses many more incomplete or badly constructed sentences. On the other hand, intonation and stress can be used in speech.

HOW TO USE THE AUDIO SCRIPTSFollow our eight-step process to get the most out of the audio scripts:

Before you listen we recommend that you read through the relevant section of the footnotes2 (not the text itself). This should give you some idea of the subject3 and help you to understand the more difficult vocabulary as you listen.

When you listen the first time, don’t expect to understand everything; listening practice should not be a painful4 process. Simply see how much meaning you can extract from the recording.

Listen more times going back to the footnotes to integrate the information you have.

Once you understand reasonably well, do the relevant exercise.

Finally, read the audio scripts as you listen again.

Stop each time you get lost or encounter a structure that interests or confuses you.

Repeat words or phrases whose pronunciation surprises you.

Two or three days later, listen to the text again without reading to see if your understanding has improved5.

This process is intense and time-consuming. However, it will eventually6 solve the problem most learners have of relating7 the spoken word to the written. Once you’ve done that, the rest is easy!

1 moreover – what’s more, furthermore2 footnotes – notes at the bottom of the page (in this box)

3 subject (n.) – (in this context) theme 4 painful – (in this context) arduous, unpleasant5 to improve – get better 6 eventually – (false friend) in the end 7 to relate – associate, connect, link

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

YES 9 | 87

YES NO. 9 TRACK LIST

Mini-debates (23m37s)1. Sickies (9m18s)2. Should the Olympics Stop Moving

Around? (7m25s)3. Cryptozoology (6m54s)

4. Pronunciation: Turned v (1m49s)

Monologues:Natural Wonders (19m54s)5. Monologue 1 [US English] (3m05s)6. Monologue 2 - Part 1 [British English]

(4m15s)7. Monologue 2 - Part 2 [British English]

(4m21s)8. Monologue 3 [British English] (2m39s)9. Monologue 4 [US English] (2m10s)10. Monologue 4 [British English] (3m24s)

Dialogue Improvisations (12m01s)11. Raising the Grade (7m21s)12. Sparks Fly (4m40s)

13. Mockney (0m07s)

14. Picture Description (3m39s)

15. Dictation (5m35s)

16. Poem: To the Virgins, to MakeMuch of Time (0m52s)

Total time: 1h07m34s

Photo by BomanJiang Yuyuan

YES 9 | 91

AUDIO SCRIPTS

Englishman (EM): The Greek gov-ernment in their wisdom89 have spent… have for some time been suggesting that the Olympic Games should not… should stop being itin-erant and should have a fixed home in Greece. What do you think about that?American man (AM): I think I like the idea. I don’t know about the idea of having it in Greece. I guess90 they’re trying to lay claim to91 it because they had the first Olympics, right?

EM: Well, it was there for 800 years. They’ve done rather92 more than the rest of us.Englishwoman (EW): But... and do they want to pay for it all or do they want contributions?EM: Well, why… the Olympics goes around the world ruining cities’ econ-omies because they have to build all the infrastructure.EW: Yes.EM: The only two Olympics which have been profitable I think are the two that had been held93 in Los Angeles because they already had the infrastructure.AM: And they used volunteers as well94, so they saved a lot of money.EM: But isn’t that normal to use vol-unteers nowadays95? I think there was a lot of volunteering in London, well anyway.AM: Yeah, well it didn’t help them there, did it?EM: But I mean2, once you… Well, did they lose a lot of money in London?AM: I don’t know about losing, but I think they went way over budget96.EM: Yeah, well, they always do. But I mean2, the… if you’ve got… I don’t know what I was going to say.AM: As you were saying, I think the only… Los Angeles and I think one or two others have been the only Olym-pic Games to be profitable. You had the games in Montreal which I think that they just now97 have finished

paying off.EM: 30 years paying it off.AM: And Greece… I think a lot of people blame98 partly what the eco-nomic crisis in Greece on what they… the excess of spending that they did. I think I really like the idea of having the Olympics in a fixed place. I don’t see Greece as being the ideal place. Could you have both winter and summer Olympics in Greece? I don’t think so.EM: Well, who watches the winter Olympics anyway?AM: I do. I enjoy them.Irishman (IM): But, yeah, I know they exist.AM: I would say, for example, either you get an island that you can have both winter and summer Olympics on and have it – kind of99 – under the auspices of United Nations or use Switzerland, which has been histori-cally, a historically neutral country.EM: Yeah, let Switzerland earn more money!EW: But also I think… no, carry on100.IM: Wasn’t the original idea of the five rings of – like101 – having the

89 in one’s wisdom – used ironically to sug-gest that sth. has not been fully considered

90 I guess – I suppose 91 to lay claim to sth. (lay-laid-laid) – declare

one’s right to have sth. 92 rather – (in this case) quite a lot 93 to hold (hold-held-held) – (in this case)

organize 94 as well – too, also 95 nowadays – these days 96 to go way over budget (go-went-gone) –

spend much more than one planned to 97 just now – (emphatic) very recently98 to blame – hold responsible

99 kind of – (pause filler) sort of, like, y’know, I mean

100 to carry on – continue talking 101 like – (pause filler) y’know, I mean, sort of,

kind of

2. Should the Olympics Stop Moving Around?(7m25s)

Photo by Marie-Lan Nguyen

63 8

Photo by Pablo Scorcelli

Photo by BriYYZ

Blood Wedding

Cortina d’Ampezzo

YES 9 | 99

AUDIO SCRIPTS

this is not to place that many people would have as a natural wonder169 in Almeria but for me it was. I like litera-ture and I like to go to places that are connected to things I’ve read in litera-ture. In this case it was to do with204 the Bodas the Sangre205 , Lorca’s play Bodas de Sangre and, in fact, the inci-dent that inspired Lorca to write that play had taken place206 in a small town in Almeria. Not really a town, it was in un cortijo207 there in Alme-ria. So the plan was to go there. That was the outing208 for the day and we drove up209 to where we knew roughly210 where it was and stopped at the nearest village, we thought was the nearest village anyway, and asked the way. People weren’t par-ticularly keen211 to tell us how to get to212 it and… but eventually213 we did cajole214 people to tell us how to get there and we got there. There was a dirt track215 leading up216 to it and there it was lying in ruins and I thought to myself, “Y’know39 – if this had been in, say217, another part of

Spain, I thought of Cataluña as being the people who would know how to sell something well, that would’ve been a tourist attraction.” But not in Almeria, there it was deserted, aban-doned and the reason, one of the rea-sons behind it, it turned out218 was that the relatives219 of the people involved in Bodas de Sangre in the real event still lived not too far away and they didn’t like be reminded of what had happened. So, that was Almeria.

7. Monologue 2:Part 2(British English) (4m21s)

Another place I would like to see with people and places I’ve spent time in during my live in Guatemala and there was one place there I never got to see220 and the reason was maybe

a silly reason and that was Tikal. If you’re thinking of monuments there, your Mayan in Guatemala, you think of Tikal. We were there back in the 1970s with a group of British volun-teers and Tikal every time you heard Tikal mentioned it was – sort of6 – tourist, it was a tourist route – flying in flying out – and to be perfectly honest you just4 did not want to go to Tikal. But I would like to go to it and to go back47 there in the com-pany of Guatemalan friends that we knew at the time221 and they are still around, still living, to get up there to see Tikal.

Of all the manmade168 won-ders169 the one that most took my breath away222 was here in Spain and that was the Alhambra. And just4 seeing it there, I’ve only been back twice223 and both occasions when

204 to be to do with – be related to 205 (1933) also known as ‘Blood Wedding’

in English206 to take place (take-took-taken) occur,

happen 207 an Andalusian farm 208 outing – excursion209 to drive up (drive-drove-driven) – ascend

in a vehicle

210 roughly – approximately 211 keen – enthusiastic 212 to get to (get-got-got) – reach, arrive at213 eventually – (false friend) in the end 214 to cajole – persuade215 dirt track – gravel road 216 leading up – that ascended 217 say – for example 218 to turn out – become clear... in the end

219 relatives – relations, members of the extended family

220 to get to see (get-got-got) – see, have the opportunity to visit

221 at the time – back then 222 to take sb’s breath away (take-took-taken)

– astonish sb., impress sb. 223 twice – x2, two times

63 21

EXERCISES

YES 9 | 111

PAGE EXERCISE

PAGE EXERCISE

112 1. Illustrations round-up: see if you can identify most of the objects and actions illustrated in the footnotes of this issue.

113 2. Title Tag: can you match these alternative titles to the news, language news and science articles on pp. 7-13?

3. Cloze: answer the questions about the article on the Rise of Older Women (p. 39).

114 4. Word Search: find words relating to love (pp. 14-18).

115 5. Prepositions: replace the prepositions in this text about the Bluestockings (pp. 34-38).

116 6. Crossword for general vocabulary revision.

117 7. Sentence transformation for general syntax revision of structures in this issue.

118 8. Debates: listening comprehension for audio tracks 1-3 (pp. 88-95).

119 9. Too many words: find the unnecessary words in this extract from the biography article on p. 25.

10. US vs. UK: fill the gaps in the chart.This relates to the whole magazine.

11. English in Context: decipher these lonely-hearts messages (pp. 68-69).

120 12. Pronunciation: turned v and homophones. (pp. 78-80)

13. Have you learned the pronunciation of the words highlighted in the magazine?

121 14. Word game: test your vocabulary and understanding of English morphology.

122 15. Phrasal Verbs: how many new phrasal verbs have you learned this month? This exercise tests for the phrasal verbs in the footnotes.

16. Cinema: a quiz about Katharine Hepburn’s movies (pp. 58-61).

123 17. False Friends: test how well you have understood pp. 70-71. Then, see if you remember the false friends marked in the footnotes throughout the magazine.

18. Improvisations: an open-question listening comprehension on audio tracks 11-12.

124 19. Homophones: replace the homophones so that this text about the Roma makes sense.

20. Internet Listening: test your listening comprehension of this fascinating talk about the secrets of marriage.

125 21. Monologues: a true-false listening comprehension on audio tracks 5-10.

22. Poetry: use the rhyme to complete the poem from p. 43.

126 23. Travel: fill in the names on this map of the North Channel (pp. 26-29).

24. Translation: correct this real example of broken English (pp. 82-83).

25. Economics: test your knowledge of terms from the economics articles (pp. 19-21).

127 26. Phrasal verbs: have you learned the multi-word love verbs on pp. 64-65?

27. Grammar Focus: find out how much you’ve learned about the grammar of ‘love’ on pp. 66-67.

28. Wordplay: another word game – relating to the Internet articles on pp. 22-23.

128 29. Art: fill the gaps to form expressions from the article on Orpen on pp. 50-53.

30. Etymology: reading comprehension. Answer these questions about infantilization (pp. 72-73)

31. Sports: interpret these tennis scores (p. 62).

129 32. Fashion: a varied exercise relating to the article on shoe-designer Manolo Blahnik on pp. 54-57.

33. Word Building: practice the morphology from p. 84.

130 34. idioms: fill the gaps in this exercise relating to pp. 74-77

35. Mockney: test your understanding of Jamie-isms with this listening exercise, relating to pp. 46-47.

131-133 ANSWERS

YES 9 | 115

5. Prepositions. Read the article on the Bluestockings on pp. 34-38. Below we offer an article about these 18th-century women from www.basbleu.com (slightly adapted). However, we have removed all 44 prepositions in the text. See if you can replace them so that the text makes sense. In some cases there is no correct preposition and the gap should remain empty:

1____ the 1700s, wearing warm-and-woolly dark blue worsted stockings – rather than the black silk stockings 2____

formal, citified fashion – was the equivalent 3____ wearing jeans today. It was the common denominator 4____ casual

dress. But how did the term bluestocking come to mean ‘a literary woman’?

Scholars tell 5____ us that the relationship 6______ society and stockings goes as far back as the 1400s, when an elite

salon 7____ learned Venetians were labeled della calza (literally “of the stocking”) because 8____ their elaborately

embroidered leg coverings. 9____ the late 1500s, the fashion had spread 10____ Paris where the term bas bleu (bas =

stocking; bleu = blue) emerged to describe women 11_____ literary aspirations.

The English term ‘bluestocking’ meaning a literary woman evolved 12____ the mid-to-late 1700s. Women 13____ society

were beginning to express their boredom 14____ being sent 15____ to do their embroidery, rather than being invited to

engage 16____ conversation 17____ the men. Elizabeth Carter wrote: “As if the two sexes had been 18____ a state 19____

war, the gentlemen ranged themselves 20____ one side 21____ the room, where they talked their own talk, and left us

poor ladies to amuse each other, 22____ conversing as we could. 23_____ what little I could overhear, our opposites

were discoursing 24____ the old English poets, and this subject did not seem so much beyond a female capacity.”

25____ about 1750, Mrs. Elizabeth Montagu and her friends founded the first official bluestocking society 26____

England. They invited learned men to gather informally 27_____ them to talk 28_____ books, literature, art and

architecture, as well as places and events that interested 29____ them.

The story goes that this literary salon wore more practical country clothing, most notably their blue worsted stockings.

Hence, the term ‘bluestocking’. Perhaps to show off their knowledge of French, the members 30____ the club often

referred 31____ themselves as “Bas Bleu”.

James Boswell, the renowned biographer 32____ Dr. Samuel Johnson and contemporary 33____ Mrs. Montagu, wrote:

“... the fashion 34____ several ladies to have evening assemblies, where the fair sex might participate 35____

conversation 36____ literary and ingenious men... were denominated Bluestocking Clubs.”

Although many prominent men 37____ letters frequented the early bluestocking gatherings – and, 38____ fact, Mr.

Benjamin Stillingfleet is said to be the first person to have worn blue stockings 39____ a meeting – Bluestocking came

to be associated 40_____ women.

The term’s connotation is often less than positive: bluestockings are sometimes pictured as unfeminine, pedantic,

humourless, and self-important. But the letters 41____ the original Bluestockings paint a distinctly different picture.

R. Brimley Johnson concludes 42____ the introduction 43____ his 1926 book, Bluestocking Letters: “Always ladies,

never pedants, they regarded life 44_____ intelligence and common sense, formed their own opinions, followed their

own tastes.”

STAFFAnglo Files, S.L. (publisher)

Nicholas Franklin (editor)nick@yes-mag.com

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nathan@yes-mag.com

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WRITERS, VOICES, INVALUABLE SUPPORT & HELPING HANDSDouglas Jasch, Prof. Raoul Franklin, Colman Keane, Almudena Cáceres, Susannah Jones, Robbie K. Jones,

Jim Trainor, Hamish Binns, Lois Humphrey, Julie Davies, Irene

Tremblay, Dave Mooney, Howard Brown, Bea Alzona, Saskia Eijkins.

PHOTOGRAPHYCover photo: Leila Amat Ortegawww.flickr.com/manifestedeyeux

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PLEASE CHECK OUR WEBPAGE FOR THE FULL UPDATED LIST OF YES STOCKISTS.

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In the Next Volume ofYour English Supplement

ScienceThe Science of Sleep

PhotographySnapping spirits:Ectoplasms, orbs, pareidolias and more

PsychologyHallucinations

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THE NIGHT

LiteratureThe Knights who Killed the Middle Ages

CinemaSecrets of the Movie Industry

False FriendsLiterary false friends

IdiomsThings that go bump in the night

...and much more.

TravelBali:Island Paradise