WILL SMITH From Prince Charmingto King Midas

CROATIAThe Land of Game of Thrones

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Essentialrestaurant English

What goes wrong in translation

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GENERALCONTENTSThis page should help you to navigate the magazine in general. Notice that on pages 6, 20, 66, 87 and 111 there are more details for each section of the magazine.

To download the audio files for this issue, please go to the 'Downloads' page on www.yes-mag.com for instructions.You will need the code given above to access the files.

4 How to Use Your English Supplement

6 Current Affairs Contents7 News, Language News and Names News10 Science News including archaeology,

health and physiology14 Internet: digital vs. real-life

connections + smartphones16 Society: masculine eclipse17 Economics: marketing to Gen Y

20 Culture Contents21 Croatia: speaking English in the newest EU State25 Language: are you learning English

or are you learning Effle?28 Sports: assess the ref30 INVOLUNTARY BODY FUNCTIONS DOSSIER:

everything you need to know about hiccupping, burping, yawning, sneezing, laughter, smiling, frowning, farting, itching, scratching and blushing

39 Art: celebrity in painting40 Religion: religious bodies41 HAIR FEATURE: baldness, beards,

wigs and extensions46 Body language: a body of lies48 Music: a cappella of the derrière 49 Food banks50 Explorers: Sir Vivian Fuchs52 Literature: in search of Sylvia Plath54 Poetry: Tennyson’s The Lady of Shalott58 Cinema: Will Smith62 What goes wrong in translation

66 Grammar Contents67 Euphemisms: body functions68 Word Building: -body and body- words 70 English in Context: essential restaurant talk 72 Grammar Focus: false comparatives74 Etymology: an unfinished science76 Phrasal verbs: body functions and phrasal verbs 78 False friends: nationalities80 Idioms: the ancients in English expressions82 Pronunciation: euphonization84 Phonetics: turned script a

85 Subscription Information86 Picture Description

87 Audio Scripts Contents88 Audio Scripts

111 Exercises Contents112 Exercises

134 Staff and contact addresses135 In next month’s issue

SYMBOLSEach page-long article in the magazine has been created to be used more or less independently so that you can learn and practise even if you only have five or ten minutes free.

At the same time, the symbols below allow you to develop a theme you are interested in more extensively. Teachers can use these symbols to instantly prepare a class or classes around a common theme.

How to UseYour English Supplement

Exercise (at the end of the magazine). Test and consolidate what

you have learned.

Downloadable audio file (see also audio scripts). There are

recommendations on how best to use the audio files on p. 87.

Listening extension (Internet). Once you’ve

learned the basic vocabulary of a topic,

why not listen to further discussions?

Speaking extension. A question aimed at provoking a group discussion of the topic in question.

This arrow directs you to other related articles

in the magazine.

ABBREVIATIONS KEYThese are the only abbreviations you have to know to use this magazine:sb. = somebodysth. = somethingswh. = somewhere[U] = uncountable noun[C] = countable noun

Photo by Fish Gravy

Photo by Tzortzis

Photo by Sunil060902

YES 1 | 3769-70

History

23 6

Death on the TracksMetro systems the world over1 attract the suicidal. Underground workers use the euphemism ‘a one-under’ to refer to someone who has thrown himself or herself under a Tube train.2 King’s Cross and Victoria stations attract the most suicides.

The Great PestilenceThere was meant to be3 a Tube station at Muswell Hill in North London. Unfortunately, when they started dig-ging4 underground they ran into5 a massive plague pit6 – hundreds of skeletons of people who had died of the Black Death.

Spectral StationsMeanwhile7, four stations are all said to be haunted8 by ghosts. The ‘Screaming Spectre’ of Anne Naylor appears at Farringdon Station. She was murdered and cut into pieces by her mistress9 in 1758. Bank Station is home to Sarah Whitehead’s ghost. She was a nun10 whose brother, Philip, was executed in 1811. Her phantom is supposedly searching for him. The spirit of actor William Terriss is said to visit Convent Garden Tube. He was stabbed to death11 in 1897. Finally, Elephant & Castle is said to have a noisy –but invisible– ghost.

Follow-on: www.underground-history.co.uk

1 the world over – all around the world

2 in New York they are more macabre; the term there is

‘track pizza’!3 to be meant to be – be sup-posed to be

4 to dig (dig-dug-dug) – excavate 5 to run into (run-ran-run) – encounter 6 plague pit – common grave

for victims of the Bubonic Plague

7 meanwhile – at the same time 8 to haunt – (of ghosts) frequent 9 mistress – (in this case) female boss, lady in whose house one works as a servant

10 nun – religious woman who typically lives in a convent

11 to stab sb. to death – kill sb. with a dagger/knife

The Underground: The Realm of the DeadThe Tube can also be macabre...

4 | YES 4

Photo by Fish Gravy

Photo by Tzortzis

Photo by Sunil060902

YES 1 | 3769-70

History

23 6

Death on the TracksMetro systems the world over1 attract the suicidal. Underground workers use the euphemism ‘a one-under’ to refer to someone who has thrown himself or herself under a Tube train.2 King’s Cross and Victoria stations attract the most suicides.

The Great PestilenceThere was meant to be3 a Tube station at Muswell Hill in North London. Unfortunately, when they started dig-ging4 underground they ran into5 a massive plague pit6 – hundreds of skeletons of people who had died of the Black Death.

Spectral StationsMeanwhile7, four stations are all said to be haunted8 by ghosts. The ‘Screaming Spectre’ of Anne Naylor appears at Farringdon Station. She was murdered and cut into pieces by her mistress9 in 1758. Bank Station is home to Sarah Whitehead’s ghost. She was a nun10 whose brother, Philip, was executed in 1811. Her phantom is supposedly searching for him. The spirit of actor William Terriss is said to visit Convent Garden Tube. He was stabbed to death11 in 1897. Finally, Elephant & Castle is said to have a noisy –but invisible– ghost.

Follow-on: www.underground-history.co.uk

1 the world over – all around the world

2 in New York they are more macabre; the term there is

‘track pizza’!3 to be meant to be – be sup-posed to be

4 to dig (dig-dug-dug) – excavate 5 to run into (run-ran-run) – encounter 6 plague pit – common grave

for victims of the Bubonic Plague

7 meanwhile – at the same time 8 to haunt – (of ghosts) frequent 9 mistress – (in this case) female boss, lady in whose house one works as a servant

10 nun – religious woman who typically lives in a convent

11 to stab sb. to death – kill sb. with a dagger/knife

The Underground: The Realm of the DeadThe Tube can also be macabre...

FOOTNOTESThe superscript numbers in the text refer to the footnotes at the bottom or at the side of the same page. The footnotes explain the difficult vocabu-lary as determined by our non-native proofreaders. Like you, these proof-readers are learners so they are able to identify the exact words you need to know to understand the sentence. Definitions are given in English, so that you learn to think in English and these definitions are then checked by the non-native proofreaders to ensure that you will understand them. Some words are defined by pictures: we use these visual stimuli when that is the best way to fix an idea in your memory. Read the definition or look at the illustration and then re-read the sentence in ques-tion. By working with English-language footnotes you will rapidly increase your vocabulary and learn how English words relate to each other, all of which will have a dramatic impact on your fluency and self-confidence1.

Some readers find it useful to put their finger next to the word in the article that they are looking for in the footnotes to make it easier to return to the text afterwards. Either way, it shouldn’t be difficult to find your place because the footnotes are numbered and the words are highlighted in bold. Notice that the syllables and words that should be stressed2 are underlined.

Red footnotes give extra cultural (rather than linguistic) information, or they refer you to other articles.

1 self-confidence – self-assurance (opposite of ‘self-doubt’, ‘hesitancy’)2 to stress sth. – emphasize, underline

Consonants/ʧ/ as in church, watch/ʃ/ as in wash, sure, action/ʤ/ as in judge, gesture/ʒ/ as in measure, vision/j/ as in yes/θ/ as in thick, path/ð/ as in this, breathe/ŋ/ as in sing

Pure Vowels/æ/ as in cat/ʌ/ as in cut/ə/ as in occur, supply,

aroma/ɜ:/ as in first, turn, earn/ɔ:/ as in court, warn

Dipthongs/iə/ as in ear, here/eə/ as in air, there

PHONEMICSYMBOLSHere are the phonemic symbols that we use which might cause you problems.

YES 4 | 5

CURRENTAFFAIRSThis section of the magazine offers short news stories organized thematically:

6 | YES 4

7 News - a couple of serious news stories

from around the world8 Language News - news from the world of linguistics

and language learning9 Names News - some interesting bits of information that

have emerged recently regarding names10 Science News: Health - the results of the latest medical research 11 Science News: Physiology - the most recent physiological

discoveries as a lead-in to pp.30-3812 Archaeology News - keep up with the past! EXERCISE 3

14 Internet News - is e-connection replacing face-to-face

interaction? How smart are Smartphones?

16 Society: A Masculine Eclipse? - the crisis of Western manhood EXERCISE 28

17 Economics: the Birth of Consumer Research - How a Viennese laundry changed

the way we do business18 Economics: Marketing to Gen Y - rip up the marketing rule book!19 Behavioural Economics: it’s

all about experience - the psychology of the Gen-Y consumer EXERCISE 27

SPEAKING & LISTENING EXTENSION

7 What should the minimum age for using a lethal weapon be?

8 For more on the lady pirates watch: http://goo.gl/XE4FU What’s the most embarrassing

mistake you’ve ever made?

9 How important is a company’s name to its success in your country?

12 For more on English cannibalism in Virginia, watch: http://goo.gl/eEr7b

16 There’s an interesting mini-documentary on The Feminine Mystique at:

http://goo.gl/FvKOc

Photo by David Osado

Photo by Simon Cousins

10 | YES 43

Science news | HEALTH

A FOOLPROOF1 DIETIn Yes2 we presented you with 10 scientifically proven ways to lose weight. Now a team from the University at Buffalo, New York, and the University of Vermont has found an even better way to diet. The secret to the ‘dull2 diet’ is deceptively3 simple: monotony. Identify a balance meal and then eat the same thing every day. In tests people whose diet was monotonously boring ate 100 fewer calories per meal than they otherwise would. In evolutionary terms the human diet was presumably rather4 repetitive. We probably evolved to guzzle on5 unusual food because it would offer nutritional benefits. Unfortunately, the same mechanism can lead to6 obesity in a society in which endless varieties of food exist.

LESS FIZZ7 & MORE BUZZ8

TO AVOID DIABETESResearch from Imperial College London suggests that drinking just one fizzy9 drink a day can significantly increase the risk of suffering from late-onset diabetes10. The research which analyzed the habits of 28,000 Euro-peans found that those who drank a can11 of carbonated soft drink a day or more had a 22% greater probability of developing type-2 diabetes than those who drank one can a month or fewer. Even when the weight gain caused by the consumption of fizzy drinks was taken into account12, those who drank a can a day or more were 18% more likely to suffer13 from diabetes later in life. It seems that sugary drinks alter our resistance to insulin.

Meanwhile14, a US study has found that

cannabis users have a lower risk of developing diabetes than those who do not smoke the drug. In part, this may be because potheads15 are on average16 slimmer17 than those who don’t smoke dope18, though an active ingredient in cannabis – tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) – may prove useful in future anti-diabetes treatments.

LIVING THE HIGH LIFEResearch from Switzerland has found that those who live on the ground floor19 of tower blocks are 40% more likely to die20 of lung21 cancer and 35% more likely to die of heart disease22 than those who live on the eighth floor or higher. Since23 most modern blocks have lifts24, the differ-ence is probably due to25 air quality. The only form of death that was more likely for those living high up was suicide.

1 foolproof – infallible 2 dull – boring, monotonous 3 deceptively – misleadingly, (in

this case) surprisingly 4 rather – quite, surprisingly 5 to guzzle on – eat a lot of 6 to lead to (lead-led-led) – result

in 7 fizz – bubbles in drinks 8 buzz – feeling of euphoria from

taking narcotics 9 fizzy – carbonated 10 late-onset diabetes –

type-2 diabetes 11 can – 12 to take into account

(take-took-taken) – take into consideration

13 were 18% more likely to suffer – had an 18% higher

probability of suffering14 meanwhile – at the same time 15 pothead – sb. who consumes

marijuana 16 on average – typically 17 slimmer – thinner, less fat 18 dope – pot, marijuana 19 ground floor – storey at street

level 20 are 40% more likely to die

– have a 40% greater probability of dying

21 lung (adj.) – pulmonary 22 heart disease – coronary

illness 23 since – (in this case) given

that, as 24 lift (UK English) – elevator

(US English)25 due to – because of

CULTUREThis section of the magazine offers...

20 | YES 4

21-24 Travel: Croatia – Lois visits the EU’s newest member and finds out that

the Croatians have an excellent grasp of English EXERCISE 3325-27 Language: are you learning English

or are you learning Effle? What’s wrong with classroom English? EXERCISE 3028 Sports: assess the ref - some of the greatest refereeing

failures in the history of sport EXERCISE 7

INVOLUNTARY-BODY DOSSIER30 Hiccupping: one man’s life sentence31 Burping: cultural myths32 Yawning: more contagious than Ebola!33 Sneezing: don’t look into the light34 Laughter: some serious benefits35 Smiling & Frowning: from the cradle

to the grave36 Flatulence: farting laws and fish

that use farting to communicate37 Scratching & itching: pleasure and pain 38 Blushing: mixed messages EXERCISES 2, 6

39 Celebrity in painting: why is the Mona Lisa so famous?

EXERCISE 2240 Religious bodies: faith, flesh and food

FEATURE: HAIR41 History: a brief history of hairstyling EXERCISE 20 42 Baldness: what it says about you43 Beards: the strange case of the

US facial-hair terrorist EXERCISE 1244 Wigs: the rise and fall of the hairpiece45 Hair extensions: stealing from the poor

46 Psychology: a body of lies – the misinterpretation of body language

48 Music: Joseph Pujol at the Moulin Rouge49 Food Banks: a sign of the times50 Explorers: Sir Vivian Fuchs – the Antarctic Fox EXERCISE 2352 Literature: in search of Sylvia Plath54 Poetry: Tennyson’s The Lady of Shalott EXERCISE 34 58 Cinema: Will Smith EXERCISE 1862 What goes wrong in translation? EXERCISE 26

SPEAKING & LISTENING EXTENSION

45 Watch this excellent documentary – Hair India – on how inequality is reflected in the world of hair extensions:

http://goo.gl/VnVGD

46 Here’s an interesting TED talk on body language: http://goo.gl/VWKtN

49 There’s loads on food banks on YouTube but this short documentary from the US is a good place to start:

http://goo.gl/2tKkw

Photo by Marina Carresi

Photo by Cadet Patrick Caughey

Bald men are cleverer and better fathers.

Patrick Stewart

42 | YES 4

Hair

The Bald Truth1

F or many men over the age of 30 (and some quite a bit younger)

baldness2 is the issue3 of their lives. To be bald means to be middle aged, over the hill4. But is all the trauma justified? Certainly, slapheads5 face some discrimination. There is a myth in Anglo cultures that baldies don’t get elected to public office – despite the fact the Churchill and Roosevelt were bald – and Putin manages to get ‘re-elected’ again and again and again!

No Time for BaldiesThe most hair-obsessed of ancient peoples were the Assyrians, who are considered the inventors of hair-styling6.7 However, they had no time for slapheads5 since8 they associ-ated baldness with weakness and impotence; it was associated with eunuchs. This is ironic because cas-tration is an effective – if a tad9 radi-cal – cure for baldness.10

Sexy SlapheadsHowever, the idea that the bald-headed are past it11 is clearly wrong. Some psychologists believe that women find bald men attractive because their lack of12 hair suggests maturity, they’ll hang around13 and take care of14 the kids15. Meanwhile, Frank Skinner in The Times has suggested that baldness helps keep

families together by making men feel less attractive. Bald men are on average16 cleverer, richer and more virile than those men who have hair on their heads. Silverback gorillas are usually bald and young male gorillas have been seen to rub17 their heads against trees, presumably in an attempt18 to get balder.

The Bad Side of BaldOn the downside19, Japanese research20 suggests that bald men are between 30% and 70% more likely to21 suffer from heart dis-ease22 than hirsute23 men. In any case, the cold comfort24 for men going bald is that they are men. 30% of women start to experience hair loss by the age of 40 and baldness is far more25 traumatic for them.

1 the bald truth – the basic/unadorned truth 2 baldness /ˈbɔ:ldnəs/ – having no hair on top of one’s head

3 issue – (in this case) problem, question 4 to be over the hill – be past one’s prime, be

in decline 5 slaphead – (informal/offensive) bald man 6 hairstyling – hair aesthetics 7 see exercise 21 on p. 1248 since – (in this case) given that 9 a tad – a little, somewhat, rather

10 ‘male pattern’ baldness is caused by testosterone

11 to be past it – be over the hill4, be too old 12 lack of – absence of 13 to hang around (hang-hung-hung) – stay,

not abandon one’s family 14 to take care of (take-took-taken) – care for,

look after 15 kids – (colloquial) children 16 on average – typically 17 to rub – scour, scrape, scratch, abrade

18 attempt – effort 19 on the downside – on the negative side,

on the other hand 20 research – scientific investigations 21 are more likely to – have a greater proba-

bility of + -ing22 heart disease – coronary illness 23 hirsute – hairy, who have hair 24 cold comfort – inadequate consolation 25 far more – much more

66 | YES 4

GRAMMARThis section of the magazine offers...

67 Euphemisms: how not to talk about involuntary body functions

EXERCISE 5

68 Word Building: compound words formed from -body and body-

EXERCISE 29

70 English in Context: Essential Restaurant Talk EXERCISE 8

72 Grammar Focus: False as... as... Comparative EXERCISE 4

74 Etymology: an unfinished Ssience Should we accept all etymologists’ conclusions?

76 Body Functions & Phrasal Verbs EXERCISE 24

78 False Friends: nationalities EXERCISE 19

79 Ancient Peoples in English idioms and expressions

EXERCISE 14

82 Pronunciation: Euphonization EXERCISE 32

84 Phonetics: turned script a

85 Subscription Form86 Picture Description

SPEAKING EXTENSION

70 Here is an old Efl classic restaurant sketch: http://goo.gl/SXGUR

AUDIO SCRIPTS EXTENSIONTrack 1 Does psychiatry work for people

or for Big Pharma?

Track 2 In Britain 45% of first marriages end in divorce. However, only 31% of second marriages do. Meanwhile, parents often don’t get married, while other couples choose not to have children. Is the traditional family becoming extinct? If so, does it matter?

Track 3 Tomorrow belongs to her – do women hold the keys to the future of the West?

Track 5 Describe your perfect home.

Photo by Marina Carresi

Photo by Usien

70 | YES 48 15

English in Context

Essential Restaurant EnglishWhether1 you go on holiday abroad2 or you work over the summer in a hotel, the place you are most likely to need3 English is in a restaurant. Fortunately, the conversa-tions between waiters and diners4 are highly predictable.

Magic WordsA cursory5 look at the sentences below should con-vince you that the secret to interacting in a restaurant in English is saying ‘please’, ‘thank you’ and ‘sorry’. There is a reason for this. When we interact with strangers6, Anglos generally prefer respectful but formal relations between equals. The biggest mistake made by non-Anglo diners is to think they are in a position of superiority over their waiter; the biggest mistake made by non-Anglo wait-ers is to be overly7 informal. Of course, you should judge each interaction separately and behave8 accordingly, but respectful formality is the best starting point.

First ContactFirst impressions count and you will put the other person at their ease9 if you show you understand English during your initial contact:

Waiter: Good evening.10

Waiter: Is that a table for four?Waiter: How many will that be, please?Diner: There’s four of us.Waiter: Would you follow me please?Diner: We’d like to sit near the window, please.Waiter: How’s this table for you?11

Waiter: I’ll just get you some menus.

OrderingClarity when the order is being taken can avoid all sorts of problems later on:Waiter: Are you ready to order?Diner: Could we have a little longer12? We’re not quite ready yet.Waiter: Of course, sir.

Waiter: Can I recommend the lemon sole13?Waiter: How do you like your steak?Diner: Rare14/medium rare/well done, please.Diner: Are there any nuts15 in this? I’m allergic.Waiter: I’m sorry but it seems there’s no lasagna left. Is there anything else you would like instead16?Waiter: And what would you like to drink?Diner: A bottle of mineral water, please.Waiter: Still17 or sparkling18?Waiter: So, that’s two beers, a Coke and a sparkling min-eral water.

1 whether – irrespective of whether (= ‘if’ – but ‘if’ cannot be used before ‘or’)

2 abroad – overseas, in a foreign country

3 are most likely to need – have the greatest probability of needing

4 diner /ˈdainər/ – (in this case)

customer in a restaurant 5 cursory – quick, superficial 6 stranger – (false friend) sb. one does not know

7 overly – excessively 8 to behave – act, conduct oneself

9 to put sb. at their ease (put-put-put) – make sb. feel relaxed

10 notice that, however late it is, we only say ‘good night’ when we or other people are leaving

11 how’s this table for you? – would this table be satisfactory for you?

12 a little longer – a little more time

13 lemon sole – (Microstomus kitt) a common flatfish

14 rare – fried/grilled very little 15 nuts – 16 instead – in sub-

stitution for that17 still – with no

bubbles 18 sparkling – fizzy, with bubbles

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AUDIO SCRIPTSThe following pages contain the transcriptions of what is spoken on the audio files.

SPOKEN-ENGLISH TIPSSpoken English is significantly different from the written language: A more limited vocabulary is generally used and it is, by definition, more colloquial.Moreover1, spoken English uses many more incomplete or badly constructed sentences. On the other hand, intonation and stress can be used in speech.

HOW TO USE THE AUDIO SCRIPTSFollow our eight-step process to get the most out of the audio scripts:

Before you listen we recommend that you read through the relevant section of the footnotes2 (not the text itself). This should give you some idea of the subject3 and help you to understand the more difficult vocabulary as you listen.

When you listen the first time, don’t expect to understand everything; listening practice should not be a painful4 process. Simply see how much meaning you can extract from the recording.

Listen more times going back to the footnotes to integrate the information you have.

Once you understand reasonably well, do the relevant exercise.

Finally, read the audio scripts as you listen again.

Stop each time you get lost or encounter a structure that interests or confuses you.

Repeat words or phrases whose pronunciation surprises you.

Two or three days later, listen to the text again without reading to see if your understanding has improved5.

This process is intense and time-consuming. However, it will eventually6 solve the problem most learners have of relating7 the spoken word to the written. Once you’ve done that, the rest is easy!

1 moreover – what’s more, furthermore2 footnotes – notes at the bottom of the page (in this box)

3 subject (n.) – (in this context) theme 4 painful – (in this context) arduous, unpleasant5 to improve – get better 6 eventually – (false friend) in the end 7 to relate – associate, connect, link

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

YES 4 | 87

YES NO. 4 TRACK LIST

Mini-debates (33m10s)1. Is psychiatry inventing spurious

disorders? (12m19s)2. What is a family? (10m58s)3. Is the West experiencing a

‘masculine eclipse’? (9m52s)

4. Pronunciation (4m02s)

Monologues:My Perfect Home (12m46s)

5. Monologue 1 [US English] (2m47s)6. Monologue 2 [Irish English] (3m38s)7. Monologue 3 [Anglo-Welsh] (3m58s)

8. Monologue 4 [British English] (2m21s)

9. Phonetics (1m19s)

Mini-dialogues (19m51s)10. The Anniversary Trip (5m31s)

11. The 2x4s Ain’t 4x4 (9m43s)12. Home Delivery (4m35s)

13. Euphonization (0m55s)

14. Picture Description (4m25s)

15. Essential Restaurant Talk (2m23s)

Total time: 1h15m13s

88 | YES 4

AUDIO SCRIPTS

11 66

Englishman (EM): Right, well, the American Psychiatric Association have just recently6 published the latest7 version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disor-der2 which is a sort8 of bible of psy-chiatric care. This book has a – sort of9 – interesting history because it was… in the 1950s it was ring-bound10 thing with a – y’know11 – couple of entries and now it’s huge great big12 tome with thousands and thousands of illnesses. And, I mean13, there’s a number of new ones again this year in the new volume. And according to the last volume, one in six Americans was mentally ill, 48 million, presumably that will jump up14 now with the new illnesses. Are these illnesses? I mean13, if you get to a point where 50% of the population can be defined as mentally ill, does mental illness have any meaning?American man (AM): Well, I think this manual that they have and that

they publish themselves, they have people who are psychologists15 that invent – I would say – these new ill-nesses, they invent them so that they can use them to diagnose patients and have more patients and in order to sell more drugs4. Apparently, if an illness is not defined in this manual then they cannot diagnose someone with that illness…EM: Oh, right.AM: …and therefore they can’t pre-scribe drugs4 to them.Englishwoman (EW): But can they actually16 invent an illness or do they just basically17 define a condition?EM: Well, let’s have a look at some of the new ones that have gone into the latest book. There’s hoarding18 disorder2, which means that you find it difficult to get rid of19 possessions, you’re addicted to having stuff20. There’s21 also television programmes to back that one up22. I’m not quite sure what the pills are for that, but…

EW: But different… I mean13, every-body has… there’s a line, isn’t there?EM: It’s a continuum.EW: That you can have a little bit…EM: Sure.EW: But do they actually16 define what is… when it’s a serious…EM: I don’t know the details. I’ll just23 give you a couple more. There’s inter-net disorder2…Irishman (IM): I’ve got that.EM: …which is being addicted to computers. Yeah, fine, OK. There’s binge-eating24 disorder2. EW: I’ve got that.EM: There’s hyper-sexual disorder2, which means you’re addicted to sex. I don’t know what pills they have for that.AM: But these are new?EM: These are new ones apparently for this latest edition. Y’know11, you’d think they probably already had those in there. But I mean13, you get 48 mil-lion Americans as mentally ill even without those new ones.AM: Well, those numbers are good for them and good for the pharma-ceutical business. I mean13, the more patients you have the more money you make.IM: It’s basically a racket25.EM: But, so what is mental illness?AM: Very good question.

Mini-Debates (33m10s)

1 spurious – bogus, false 2 disorder – (in this case) psychological

problem 3 to make up (make-made-made) – invent 4 (pharmaceutical) drugs – (in this case)

pharmaceutical products 5 to pop pills – take tablets 6 just recently – (emphatic) recently 7 latest – most recent 8 sort – kind, type 9 sort of – (pause filler) kind of, like, I mean,

y’know

10 ring-bound – 11 y’know – (pause filler) kind

of, sort of, I mean, like12 huge great big –

(emphatic/colloquial) enormous

13 I mean – (pause filler) like, y’know, kind of, sort of

14 to jump up – increase significantly 15 he means ‘psychiatrists’16 actually – (false friend) really 17 just basically – (emphatic) basically

18 hoarding – the excessive accumulation of things

19 to get rid of (get-got-got) – discard, throw away, eliminate

20 stuff – (informal) possessions, belongings 21 there’s – (informal) there are 22 to back sth. up – support sth., make sth.

more convincing 23 just – (in this case) quickly 24 binge-eating – eating an excessive quan-

tity of food in one meal, compulsive eating 25 racket – fraudulent scheme, swindle

1. Debate 1(12m19s)

Is psychiatry inventing spurious1 disorders2? The psychiatric profession stands accused of making up3 mental illnesses so that pharmaceutical companies can sell more drugs4. Are we popping too many pills5?

EXERCISES

YES 4 | 111

PAGE EXERCISE

PAGE EXERCISE

112 1. Illustrations round-up: see if you can identify most of the objects and actions illustrated in the footnotes of this issue.

2. Following on from the article on p. 33, here is a Victorian rhyme for predicting the future from your sneezing! See if you can fill the gaps.

113 3. Title Tag: can you match these alternative titles to the news, language and science articles on pp. 7-13?

4. Grammar Focus: fill the gaps in this false-comparatives exercise (pp. 72-73).

5. Euphemisms: match the euphemisms to their meanings (p. 67).

114 6. Word Search: find words relating to involuntary body functions (pp. 30-38).

115 7. Homophones: replace the homophones so that this excerpt about the history of football referees makes sense (pp. 28-29).

8. See how well you absorbed the English in Context material about essential restaurant English (pp. 70-71).

116 9. Crossword for general vocabulary revision.

117 10. Sentence transformation for general syntax revision of structures from this issue.

118 11. Debates: listening comprehension for audio tracks 1-3

119 12. Too many words: find the unnecessary words in this extract about beards from p. 43.

13. US vs. UK: fill the gaps in the chart. This relates to the whole magazine.

120 14. Idioms: complete the sentences with names of ancient peoples from pp. 79-81.

15. Pronunciation round-up: review the difficult words from the footnotes.

121 16. Word game: test your vocabulary and understanding of English morphology

122 17. Phrasal Verbs Round-up: how many new phrasal verbs have you learned this month?

18. Cinema: a quiz relating to Will Smith (pp. 58-61).

123 19. False Friends: test how well you have understood p. 78.

20. False Friends Round-Up: review the false friends identified in the footnotes.

124 21. Prepositions: fill the gaps in this text about Assyrian hairstyles with the correct prepositions (p. 41).

22. Internet Listening: test your listening comprehension of this fascinating talk about art (p. 39).

125 23. Reading comprehension: an exercise relating to pp. 50-51.

24. Phrasal verbs: revise the multi-word verbs from pp. 76-77.

126 25. Dialogues: a listening comprehension on tracks 10-12 (pp. 102-109)

26. Translation: correct this real example of broken English from Lisbon.

127 27. Economics: a varied exercise relating to pp. 17-19?

28. Wordplay: another word game relating to the Society article on p. 16.

128 29. Word Building: complete these sentences with compound ‘body’ words from pp. 68-69.

30. A multiple-choice reading-comprehension exercise relating to pp. 25-27.

129 31. Listening comprehension for the monologues (audio tracks 5-8, pp. 98-102).

32. Pronunciation: practise your euphonization. (pp. 82-83).

130 33. map exercise: a bit of topography relating to the travel article (pp. 21-24).

34. Poetry: use the rhyme scheme to complete these stanzas from the poem analyzed on pp. 54-57.

131-133 ANSWERS

YES 4 | 119

12. Facial Hair. Read the article on p. 43 and answer the following questions:

1. What, according to the article, does the popularity of beards represent?2. Why would we therefore expect the Ancient Greeks to favour beards?3. Why did Alexander the Great’s soldiers and Roman soldiers shave their beards?4. Why were beards banned in the British army in World War I?

ii. Below we reproduce the last section on p. 43: ‘The US Hair Terrorist’. However, there is an unnecessary word in each line. Indentify it and write it on the right. Don’t look back at the article until after you have finished the exercise:

When Lincoln was being elected in 1860 he was the first bearded US 1 ............................................................................................. President. A Democrat named with Valentine Tapley had sworn 2 ............................................................................................that he would never shave himself again if Lincoln became president 3 ............................................................................................and, by the time of Tapley’s death in 1910, his own beard was 4............................................................................................around four metres long. The USA hasn’t had a new bearded 5 ............................................................................................President for 120 years despite of a series of them in the second 6 ...........................................................................................half of the 19th Century.

In February of 2013 an Amish leader in Ohio, Samuel Mullet, was 7 ............................................................................................jailed for 15 years prison for organizing the kidnapping of 8 ...........................................................................................dissident members of his community and too cutting their hair 9 ...........................................................................................and beards off. 15 of Mullet’s followers were jailed up for lesser 10 .........................................................................................terms for carrying out his orders. The married Amish men are 11 ...........................................................................................expected to grow beards, so that the attacks were a symbolic castration. 12 ..........................................................................................

13. US vs. UK. Throughout the magazine we highlight variety-specific vocabulary in the footnotes. See if you can complete this chart with the missing terms:

UK English US English page/footnote reference

1 crayfish (p. 8, n. 4)

2 elevator (p. 10, n. 24)

3 fetus (p. 30, n. 4)

4 laughter lines (p. 35, n. 10)

5 blusher (p. 38, n. 32)

6 wait in line (p. 39, n. 12)

7 name sth. for sb. (p. 48, n. 4)

8 full stop (p. 65, n. 6)

9 bodysuit (p. 69, n. 4)

10 behaviour (p. 77, n. 10)

11 Holstein cow (p. 79, n. 7)

12 cooker (p. 98, n. 182)

13 smack-bang (p. 99, n. 197)

14 zucchini (p. 101, n. 238)

15 cutlery (p. 103, n. 286)

16 a tin (p. 104, n. 295)

17 gaol (p. 104, n. 296)

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WRITERS, VOICES, INVALUABLE SUPPORT & HELPING HANDSDouglas Jasch, Prof. Raoul Franklin, Colman Keane, Almudena Cáceres,

Susannah Jones, Robbie Jones, Lois Humphrey, Julie Davies, Adrian Hall, AmyJo Doherty, Hamish Binns, Ruth Hellema, Garrett Wall, Dave Mooney,

Howard Brown, Bea Alzona, Saskia Eijkins.

PHOTOGRAPHYCover photo: ‘Will Smith’ by Vanessa Lua.

Leonardo L. Carresi, Lois Humphrey,José Luis López, Almudena Cáceres,

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Plus loads more stuff on economics, internet, science, news, language etc. which we haven’t decided yet!

In the Next Issue ofYour English Supplement

Let’s get cerebral:

YOUR BRILLIANT BRAINHow to be Intelligent:- Emotional intelligence,- Artificial intelligence and- The benefits of stupidity

The process of thrombosis:- Jill Bolt Taylor’s Stroke of Insight

Aware of being conscious:- What is consciousness and

do we really have it?- My brain made me do it –

criminality and consciousness- Are animals conscious?

The first sign of madness: - Talking to ourselves: the

conversation in our heads

Left hemisphere, right hemisphere: - Does your brain determine

your politics?

This is the end:- Thoughts after death

CinemaCharlize Theron –the South African chameleon

PoetryBlake’s The Tyger: children’s poem or revolutionary philosophy?

SUDÁN DEL SUR, 2012 © SHANNON JENSEN