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YES 10 | 3

Audio Download Code: To download the audio files for this issue, please go to the 'Downloads' page on www.yes-mag.com for instructions.You will need the code given above to access the files.

YES Volume 10

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12 24

38 46

54 58

4 How to Use Your English Supplement

6 Current Affairs Contents7 News and anecdotes9 Language News10 Science News12 The Science of Sleep 16 Politics: the Islands of Discord18 Internet: Illegal Downloads & Susan Wojcicki20 Economics: Positive Thinking, Climate Change & Encouraging Failure

23 Culture Contents24 Travel: Bali - The Island of Love28 History: The knights who killed the Middle Ages31 Feature: The Night34 The Supernatural: Ghosts in Britain36 Photography: photographing anomalies 38 Psychology: Hallucinations41 Explorers: an Irish lady amongst the Cannibals44 Humour: mishearing45 Epitaphs: Gravestone Mysteries46 Poetry: Sylvia Plath in Connemara50 True Crime: Soho Between the Wars54 Art: George Morland – almost great58 Cinema: the secrets of Hollywood 62 Sports: alternative names

63 Grammar Contents64 Talking about culture: English in context, false friends70 THE LANGUAGE OF SLEEP: phrasal verbs and words74 Idioms of the night, sleep and dreams78 Night: word building and etymology80 Pronunciation: phonics and –ight81 Translation: homemade signs82 The YES community84 Grammar: punctuation

85 Subscription Information86 Picture Description

87 Audio Scripts Contents88 Audio Scripts

111 Exercises Contents112 Exercises

134 Staff and contact addresses135 In next month’s issue

GENERALCONTENTSThis page should help you to navigate the magazine in general. Notice that on pages 6, 23, 63, 87 and 111 there are more details for each section of the magazine.

SYMBOLSEach page-long article in the magazine has been created to be used more or less independently so that you can learn and practise even if you only have five or ten minutes free.

At the same time, the symbols below allow you to develop a theme you are interested in more extensively. Teachers can use these symbols to instantly prepare a class or classes around a common theme.

How to UseYour English Supplement

Exercise (at the end of the magazine). Test and consolidate what

you have learned.

Downloadable audio file (see also audio scripts). There are

recommendations on how best to use the audio files on p. 87.

Listening extension (Internet). Once you’ve

learned the basic vocabulary of a topic,

why not listen to further discussions?

Speaking extension. A question aimed at provoking a group discussion of the topic in question.

This arrow directs you to other related articles

in the magazine.

ABBREVIATIONS KEYThese are the only abbreviations you have to know to use this magazine:sb. = somebodysth. = somethingswh. = somewhere[U] = uncountable noun[C] = countable noun

Photo by GabboT

Photo by Humanrobo

YES 6 | 176, 22 p. 6 p.6

Technology

THE SINGULARITYThe fear now is that robots could bring about1 the demise2 of humanity. This is not just something that Hol-lywood scriptwriters3 think about. Such things worry computer-programming expert Jaan Tallinn, co-founder of Skype, Huw Price, professor4 of philosophy at Cambridge,

and Lord Rees, the astronomer royal and master of Trinity College, Cambridge. They have set up5 the Centre for the Study of Existential Risk at Cambridge.

Part of the problem arises6 because the speed7 and capacity of computers doubles every 18 months. It is pre-dicted that around 2040 we will build our last machine. From then on8 machines will create other ever-more-in-telligent machines autonomously. At this point – known as ‘the Singularity’ – we will no longer be the most intelligent beings on the planet.

THE END OF USSome researchers and philosophers think that machines will be nice to us. There are two problems with this naïve9 idea: first, as we have seen, we have already created robots that kill. Secondly, artificial intelligence is created in our image – how do we treat10 the next most intelli-gent beings in our world? Chimpanzees, dolphins and octopuses? We destroy their habitat, keep them in zoos, experiment on them and eat them. Once robots can rep-licate themselves and control their own evolution, human-ity can be marginalized. This doesn’t have to be anything as dramatic as genocide. As we have seen, robots can simply make the majority of us unemployed, superfluous, obsolete. In such a scenario11 we will just gradually fade from view12 as an irrelevance. As T.S. Eliot wrote back in 1925, “This is the way the world ends // Not with a bang but a whimper13”14.

1 to bring about (bring-brought-brought) – cause

2 demise – end, decline 3 scriptwriter – sb. who writes the script (= text) of a movie

4 professor – (false friend) head

of department at a university, senior academic

5 to set up (set-set-set) – create, establish

6 to arise (arise-arose-arisen) – emerge, occur

7 speed – velocity 8 from then on – after that 9 naïve – unsophisticated, child-like 10 to treat – deal with, act towards 11 scenario – (false friend) hypo-

thetical situation

12 to fade from view – be margin-alized, become irrelevant

13 whimper – whine, pathetic pro-test, small noise of discomfort (like that made by a frightened dog)

14 in The Hollow Men

THE TECHNOCENE:THE AGE OF THE MACHINE

p. 40

4 | YES 10

Photo by NOAA NMFS

YES 6 | 132

Science | ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR

THE TERMITE TELEPHONEAfrican termites (Macrotermes natalensis) send warning1 messages through their colonies at a speed of 1.3 metres per second, according to research from the University of Bochum in Germany. They do this by banging2 their heads on the ground 11 times per second. Each termite’s message travels only 20cm but it is immediately picked up3 and relayed4 by the nearest termite, a bit like mobile phone antennas. There is little danger of the message being garbled5 – as it is in the game of Chinese whis-pers6 – because it is so simple: “danger predator”.

NOT-SO-CARNIVOROUSCROCS7

Research from the US Fish and Wildlife Service in Charleston, South Carolina, has confirmed decades of anecdotal reports: over half the existing crocodilian species supplement their diet with fruit. It seems that at least 13 of the 23 species of crocodiles and alliga-tors in the world today eat fruit as well as meat.

LUNATICSAND ELEPHANTS

Research from the University of Basel has con-firmed that people sleep worse when there is a full moon8. On average it takes five minutes longer to get to sleep, we sleep 20 minutes less and we spend 30% less time in deep sleep when there is a full moon.

Meanwhile9, a study from Anglia Ruskin Univer-sity has found that African elephants plan their raids10 on cropland11 to coincide with the new moon. Elephant raids are more frequent and more substantial when the nights are darkest. This suggests that they under-stand that darkness lowers the risk of being killed by farmers12. Or perhaps they know that humans sleep less and more lightly13 when there is a full moon!

MY NAME IS FLIPPERDolphins have a signature whistle14 which they use to identify themselves and to identify others. When they hear a familiar whistle they will repeat it back to their acquaintance15, which they don’t do for an unfamiliar whistle. Moreover, a study from the University of Chi-cago has now found that dolphins remember each other’s signature whistles14 after more than 20 years apart, sug-gesting they have the best memory in the animal world.

1 warning (adj.) – alarm 2 to bang – beat, hit3 to pick up – receive 4 to relay – resent 5 garbled – incoherent, meaningless

6 Chinese whispers (UK Eng-lish) – broken telephone (US English)

7 croc – (colloquial) crocodile 8 full moon – when the complete disc of the moon is visible

(associated with werewolves)9 meanwhile – at the same time 10 raid – surprise attack 11 cropland – arable farms 12 farmer – agriculturalist 13 more lightly – less deeply14 signature whistle – high-fre-

quency sound that identifies an individual

15 acquaintance – known indi-vidual, (in this case) friend

Photo by Ikiwaner

FOOTNOTESThe superscript numbers in the text refer to the footnotes at the bottom or at the side of the same page. The footnotes explain the difficult vocabu-lary as determined by our non-native proofreaders. Like you, these proof-readers are learners so they are able to identify the exact words you need to know to understand the sentence. Definitions are given in English, so that you learn to think in English and these definitions are then checked by the non-native proofreaders to ensure that you will understand them. Some words are defined by pictures: we use these visual stimuli when that is the best way to fix an idea in your memory. Read the definition or look at the illustration and then re-read the sentence in ques-tion. By working with English-language footnotes you will rapidly increase your vocabulary and learn how English words relate to each other, all of which will have a dramatic impact on your fluency and self-confidence1.

Some readers find it useful to put their finger next to the word in the article that they are looking for in the footnotes to make it easier to return to the text afterwards. Either way, it shouldn’t be difficult to find your place because the footnotes are numbered and the words are highlighted in bold. Notice that the syllables and words that should be stressed2 are underlined.

Red footnotes give extra cultural (rather than linguistic) information, or they refer you to other articles.

1 self-confidence – self-assurance (opposite of ‘self-doubt’, ‘hesitancy’)2 to stress sth. – emphasize, underline

Consonants/ʧ/ as in church, watch/ʃ/ as in wash, sure, action/ʤ/ as in judge, gesture/ʒ/ as in measure, vision/j/ as in yes/θ/ as in thick, path/ð/ as in this, breathe/ŋ/ as in sing

Pure Vowels/æ/ as in cat/ʌ/ as in cut/ə/ as in occur, supply,

aroma/ɜ:/ as in first, turn, earn/ɔ:/ as in court, warn

Dipthongs/iə/ as in ear, here/eə/ as in air, there

PHONEMICSYMBOLSHere are the phonemic symbols that we use which might cause you problems.

YES 10 | 5

CURRENTAFFAIRSThis section of the magazine offers short news stories organized thematically:

6 | YES 10

7 News - stories from around the Anglosphere.8 News - stories from around the Anglosphere.9 Language News - the latest linguistic stories EXERCISE 3410 Science: Animal Behaviour News - five steps to live longer11 Science: Mental Health News - the latest advances in our

understanding of the mind EXERCISE 2

12 The Science of Sleep - what scientists are saying

about sleep and dreams EXERCISE 4

16 Politics: The Islands of Discord - Could a series of uninhabited atolls

and islands start a third world war? EXERCISE 3

18 Internet - Illegal Downloads in the UK19 Internet - Women in IT - Who is Susan Wojcicki

20 Economics - The Economics of Positive Thinking21 Economics - The Rising Cost of Climate Change 22 Economics - Is Encouraging Failure Good for the Economy? EXERCISE 25

SPEAKING & LISTENING EXTENSION

7 Listen to Mini-debate 3

10 Watch this humorous – potentially irritating presentation of the news about crocodilian tool use

http://goo.gl/2EQWWg

Watch this brief BBC report about dolphin’s recreational drug use

http://goo.gl/pSpDzd

11 Speak: are machines increasingly replacing your ability to remember things? If so, does that matter?

12 Watch this TED talk by Russell Foster about why we sleep

http://goo.gl/XIPiJ9

Photo by Josh Tampico

Painting by Franz Schrotzberg

YES 10 | 15

Science

4 p. 6

THE CONSOLIDATION OF MEMORYResearch at Swansea University suggests that dreams are the result of the consolidation of memory. Information is packaged1 into frag-ments containing place, actions and objects and these fragments are projected into dreams as the infor-mation is being transferred from the hippocampus to the cortex. At the same time the consolidation pro-cess seems to look for associations with established memories forging2 often bizarre links3 in the narrative of our dreams.

Our emotions are determinant in how we store4 mem-ories and they also guide our dreaming processes. Emo-tional turmoil5 in our waking life tends to spill over into6 our dream worlds creating more vivid dreams that centre on a specific image. Less stressful times usually result in more rambling7 narratives in dreams.

Our waking lives determine not only what we dream but how we dream. Research from the University of Derby has found that people who play World of Warcraft on the internet incorporate its user-interface into their dream world. Moreover, gamers8 experience a greater sense of control over what happens in their dreams than non-gamers, according to research from Grant McEwan University in Edmonton (Canada). Gaming makes dreams more exciting and less scary9.

AGEING10 & THE DREAM WORLDThe way we dream is closely connected with age and this suggests that dreams are part of the way that the brain matures. Foetuses and infants spend four times as long11 in REM sleep as adults. Presumably, they are dreaming during REM sleep – like adults do – but we have no way of proving it. When children begin to talk, the dreams they report almost always feature12 animals, though nobody knows why. Adolescence is when our dream world is most active, while the number of dreams we have and the time spent in REM sleep declines after 20. Adults also tend to have less pleasant13 and more aggressive dreams.

1 to package – (in this case) divide

2 to forge – create, generate 3 link – connection 4 to store – preserve

5 turmoil – chaos, agitation 6 to spill over into – affect, impinge on (in an uncontrolled way)

7 rambling – unfocused,

incoherent 8 gamer – sb. who plays videogames

9 scary – frightening, terrifying 10 ageing – becoming older

11 as long – (in this case) as much time

12 to feature sth. – include sth. prominently

13 pleasant – agreeable

WHAT ARE DREAMS FOR?

Photo by JordiipaSusan’s garage

YES 10 | 19

Internet

S usan Wojcicki is a name that has been appearing in the media lately1 due to2 her recent appointment3 as head of Google-owned YouTube. Yet4, despite

having a long history with Google, most people don’t know much about her. So who is she?

SUSAN’S GARAGELarry Page, the Google CEO5, says that the new YouTube boss has a “healthy disregard for6 the impossible.” He should know because Google was started in her garage 16 years ago.

It was back in7 1998; Steve Jobs had just introduced the world’s first iMac, Internet was dial-up8 and two Stan-ford University students – Sergey Brin and Larry Page – were setting up9 a search engine10 (i.e.11 Google) in her Californian garage. Wojcicki rented her garage to12 Brin and Page to help pay her mortgage13.

She was later to become the 16th person they hired14. She was four months pregnant when she joined Google and her friends said that she was crazy to leave a good job at Intel to join the start-up company while pregnant with her first child. Today, Wojcicki says it was one of the best decisions of her life.

Google is now a multi-billion dollar global technol-ogy company and she is the head of YouTube. This is an example of how taking risk leads to15 successful economic innovation (see p. 22)

A FAMILY AFFAIRWojcicki’s younger sister Anne married Google co-founder Sergey Brin. Wojcicki is family focused almost always being home for dinner and not allowing16 colleagues to contact her between 6pm and 9pm when she’s with her children. Wojcicki is a big supporter17 of women in technology.

SENIOR VICE-PRESIDENT AT GOOGLEBefore she was head of YouTube, Wojcicki was senior vice president of advertising18 and commerce at Google. She was a strong supporter17 of Google’s purchase19 of YouTube in 2006 for $1.65 billion and was behind Google Images and Google Books. In 2012, while20 senior vice-president of advertising and commerce, the company’s advertising products accounted for 87% of Google’s revenues21.

So the next time you watch a video on YouTube, you will know a little more about the CEO5, the company’s his-tory and Wojcicki’s achievements22.

1 lately – recently 2 due to – because of 3 appointment – naming,

selection 4 yet – however 5 CEO – chief executive officer 6 disregard for – indifference to

(what is considered)7 it was back in – (emphatic) it

was 8 dial-up – used remotely via a

telephone line 9 to set up (set-set-set) – create 10 search engine – Internet ser-

vice that finds information (e.g. Google)

11 i.e. – (id est) that is 12 to rent sth. to sb. – permit sb.

to use sth. in return for periodic payments

13 mortgage – credit to buy a home

14 to hire – employ 15 to lead to (lead-led-led) – result

in 16 to allow – permit 17 supporter – advocate,

champion 18 advertising – publicity 19 purchase – acquisition, buying 20 while – (in this case) when

she was 21 revenues – income, earnings 22 achievement – accomplish-

ment, triumph

Women in IT -WHO IS SUSAN WOJCICKI?by Douglas Jaschdouglasjasch@douglasjasch.com // @douglasjasch

YES 10 | 23

CULTUREThis section of the magazine offers...

SPEAKING & LISTENING EXTENSION

38 Watch: here’s a long interview with Oliver Sacks about hallucination from the 2012 World Science Festival

http://goo.gl/DQMOjk

54 View: here is a slide show of 200 paintings by George Morland

http://goo.gl/NQJy6r

58 Watch: here’s a short video with a reasonable commentary about the 10 most recognizable sound effects in the movies

http://goo.gl/xSjEDF

24-27 Travel: Bali - The Island of Love EXERCISE 23

28-30 History: the knights that killed the Middle Ages

EXERCISE 9

31-33 Feature: the Night – nocturnal mythology, psychology, technology and evolution

EXERCISE 28

34-35 The Supernatural: Britain – the Haunted Isles

EXERCISE 5

36-37 Photography: photographing ‘supernatural’ anomalies

EXERCISE 24

38-40 Psychology: Hallucinations – science fiction of the mind

41-43 Explorers: Beatrice Grimshaw – an Irish lady amongst cannibals

EXERCISE 19

44 Humorous mishearings – when Anglos don’t understand each other

45 Mystery: the enigmas behind epitaphs

46-49 Poetry: Sylvia Plath in Connemara EXERCISE 32

50-53 True Crime: Soho in the Interwar Years – drugs, murder and owls

EXERCISE 30

54-57 Art: George Morland – the wasted talent of an almost great painter

EXERCISE 29

58-61 Cinema: the secrets of Hollywood – strange sounds and sinister lobbyists

EXERCISE 16

62 Sports: alternative names for your favourite games

EXERCISE 31

Edward III counting the dead at Crécy

28 | YES 109

History

The Knights who Killed the Middle Ages

I n Shakespeare’s Henry V (1599), after the Battle of Agincourt (1415), the king asks for a list of the dead

and wounded1. As he surveys2 the list he counts in a lesser category the sixteen hundred dead mercenaries (H5.4.8.80). Elsewhere3 (4.7.66) we are told how the nobil-ity have the ignominy of dying drenched in4 mercenary blood5. Who were these mercenaries considered some-how less than human?

The New KnightsThe feudal system was based on a network of trouthe, interconnected integrity based on people keeping prom-ises to each other. The nobility promised to fight for the king to protect the whole of society, while the peasantry6 fought for the nobility. This produced a feudal ‘host ’7. The system works8 for the occasional short war. How-ever, it was tested by longer military campaigns and it collapsed under the Anglo-French conflict known as The Hundred Years War (1337-1453). Quite simply, people were not prepared to fight for years on end9 simply out of10 loyalty. As a result, as the 14th Century progressed, rulers11 had to depend more and more on mercenaries. By the second half of the 14th Century the greater part of military forces were made up of12 mercenaries.

The New ‘Armies’The new mercenary forces were different both in struc-ture and ethos13. Indeed14, they were no longer referred to as ‘hosts’ but rather15 as ‘armies’. These mercenary armies had no loyalty to king or country. They were busi-ness ventures16 and they were loyal to whoever had con-tracted them and could pay punctually.

As hardened17 fighting men the armies were a match18 for any feudal host7, made up of12 enthusiastic amateurs.

The new armies undermined19 the social relations throughout20 the feudal system. Not only could low-

born21 mercenaries now fight noble knights22 on horseback but the mer-cenaries styled themselves as23 knights. This confused the second and third estates, which until that time had been clearly delineated. Moreover, the first estate – the Church – relied heavily on24 merce-naries for its many territorial wars in the late Middle Ages. So, while the elites may have despised25 the mer-cenaries for undermining the feudal order, those same elites – Popes and kings – relied on24 and perpetuated the new armies.

1 the wounded – those hurt in battle

2 to survey – examine, look over 3 elsewhere – in a different place 4 to be drenched in – be soaked

in, be covered with 5 blood – red liquid typically found in veins and arteries

6 peasantry – rural workers under the feudal system

7 host – multitudinous amateur

militia 8 to work – function 9 for years on end – year after year

10 out of – (in this case) for 11 rulers – kings, Popes, etc. 12 to be made up of – consist of,

be composed of 13 ethos – attitudes and

aspirations 14 indeed – (emphatic) in fact

15 but rather – (in this case) by contrast they were referred to as

16 venture – enterprise, undertaking

17 hardened – experienced 18 match – (in this case) effective

rival 19 to undermine – erode, subvert 20 throughout – in every part of 21 lowborn – plebeian, of low

social status 22 knight – 23 to style one-

self as – call oneself

24 to rely on – depend on, count on

25 to despise – detest and disdain

28YES 10 | 31

Feature

From the Womb1 to the Tomb2

The night is a foreign3 land to us. Mother Night preceded creation, according to Hesiod4. She gave birth to the gods. The silver egg of the cosmos was laid5 in the womb1 of darkness, according to Orphic creation myths. The Greek night goddess, Nyx – daughter of Chaos – was the mother of Sleep (Hypnos) and Death (Thanatos). There was dark-ness and then God created light in the Judaeo-Chris-tian tradition. Darkness represents the womb1 in which all things are generated; it also represents the tomb2 in which all things die. The Mayans used the same

hieroglyph to mean ‘night’ and death’. The Welsh poet Dylan Thomas6 described death as “the dying of the light”, i.e.7 the coming of night. The Psychology of NightWestern culture associates the night with evil8 and witchcraft9. At the same time, the night is a time of anar-chy and freedom from social constraints10; the night is the appropriate time to release11 oneself from inhibitions with alcohol in Western culture.

As a result, our daytime-nighttime dichotomy seems to reflect our divided brain. Like the right hemisphere, the nighttime is associated with intuition, imagination and inhibition, while the daytime is linked to12 logic (like the left hemisphere). Psychology associates night with the unconscious. Similarly, in mystical theology, night symbolizes the disappearance of all knowledge that can be defined, analysed or expressed.

1 womb /wu:m/ – uterus 2 tomb /tu:m/ – grave, sarcophagus

3 foreign – (in this case) strange, unfamiliar

4 Ancient Greek poet who

lived around the 7th Century BCE (= before Common Era, before Christ)

5 to lay (lay-laid-laid) – (in this case) produce

6 (1914-53) the best-known

modern Welsh poet7 i.e. – (id est) that is 8 evil (n.) – malignancy 9 witchcraft – black magic 10 constraint – restriction,

inhibition

11 to release – free, liberate 12 to be linked to – be associated

with, be connected to

Into the Night

Photo by Hedwig Storch

Beatrice Grimshaw

YES 10 | 4119

Explorers

B eatrice Grimshaw (1871-1953) was born into a com-fortable Protestant Victorian family living 8km out-

side Belfast. However, the world into which Beatrice was born was too claustrophobic, too small and above all1 too boring for a young woman of her temperament. Her education took her to Belfast, Dublin and Caen in France and the more she saw of the world the more she needed to see. She left home when she was barely2 20 (unheard of3 for a young lady at the time) and went to live in Dublin and work as a journalist (practically unheard of3 for a woman at the time).

SportswomanShe took up4 cycling and in 1892 decided that she was going to break the women’s 24-hour world cycling record. There was only one problem. A Victorian young lady could not be accompanied by a man during the hours of darkness. As a result, she couldn’t be paced5 by a fellow6 rider carrying her provisions. Absurdly, it meant that she had to cycle alone in the darkness out into the countryside to a police barracks7 in order for her time to be officially recorded. In any event she broke the world record by an impressive 8km.

WriterBizarrely, as a result of this achievement8, she was offered the job of subeditor on a sports journal (unheard of3 for a young

woman at the time, and still rare today). She then became editor of The Social Review, a society journal9.

This was a meteoric rise10 in journalism but writ-ing about Dublin high society’s “loathsome11 parties” bored Beatrice to tears12. After four years she moved to London in search of pastures new13. Once in the

British capital she published her first novel Broken Away (1897). It was to be the first of over 30 novels. Indeed14, in all she wrote 46 books. Her novel Conn of the Coral Seas (1922) was made into an Australian silent film The Ador-able Outcast (1928) – distributed in the USA as Black Cargoes15 of the South Seas.

However, even the British cap-ital ended up boring Beatrice and she offered her services as a travel writer to anyone who would pay her passage to the South Seas. In 1906 she got her free trip to Tahiti – on a commission for The Times – aboard16 a Cunard liner17. She was never to return to the British Isles.

1 above all – most importantly 2 barely – only just 3 unheard of – previously

unknown, unprecedented 4 to take up (a hobby) (take-

took-taken) – start 5 to pace sb. – accompany sb. to

ensure that she/he is racing at a competitive speed

6 a fellow – another 7 barracks – garrison, accommo-

dation building 8 achievement – accomplish-

ment, triumph

9 journal – (in this case) magazine

10 rise – ascent 11 loathsome – hateful, detesta-

ble, odious 12 to bore sb. to tears – be

extremely tedious for sb.

13 in search of pastures new – trying to find a new place that offers new opportunities

14 indeed – (emphatic) in fact 15 cargo – merchandise, freight 16 aboard – on board, on 17 liner – passenger ship

Islands of Adventure

Photo by Bert Kaufmann

Photo by Patrick McGeeRichard Murphy

Cleggan

Sylvia Plath

46 | YES 1032

Poetry

Murphy & his HookerThe Irish Ascendancy poet, and last of the great Anglo-Irish poets, Richard Murphy (1927- ) first met Sylvia Plath at the Mermaid Theatre in London in July 1961. At the time Murphy had just refurbished1 an old Galway hooker2 called the Ave Maria with which by means of3 experiencing the sea at first hand he was attempting to4 give more realism to his verse. Together with nine other poets, Richard Murphy, Sylvia Plath5 and her husband Ted Hughes6 /hju:z/ were taking part in a poetry festi-val promoted by the Poetry Book Society. After a short rehearsal7 that morning, all three repaired to8 a restau-rant for lunch. Although Sylvia spoke far more than her husband there is no doubt that they were both deeply interested in Murphy’s cottage9 life on the remote coastal village of Cleggan, the little village which in 1927 had seen 25 of its fishermen10 swallowed up by11 the Atlantic in a freak12 storm13. No doubt this visit to the unblem-ished14 western Irish coast resonated with15 Sylvia. After all, she had spent the first 10 years of her life in Boston, right beside Massachusetts Bay and vividly remembered the ocean and its teeming16 beaches.

1 to refurnish – renovate 2 hooker – (Irish English) sailing boat with one mast (typically used

for fishing). Be careful with this term as it means ‘prostitute’ in colloquial US English.

3 by means of – by, as a result of 4 to attempt to – to try to 5 (1932-63) best-known US woman poet of the 20th Century 6 (1930-1998) British Poet Laureate and one of the greatest

British poets of the 20th Century7 rehearsal – practice session 8 to repair to – go (together) to 9 cottage (adj.) – (in this case) village,

(literally) living in a little rural house 10 fisherman – 11 swallowed up by – engulfed by,

drowned in, suffocate in the waters of 12 freak (adj.) – aberrant, unpredictable 13 storm – tempest (poetic)14 unblemished – unspoilt, immaculate 15 to resonate with – be agreeable to, please 16 teeming – full of people

Sylvia Plath in Connemaraby Colman Keane

YES 10 | 63

GRAMMARThis section of the magazine offers...

THE LANGUAGE OF CULTURE64 English in Context: talking about culture65 English in Context: comparing stories66 English in Context: foreshadowing, irony

and symbolism67 English in Context: talking about poetry EXERCISE 1168 False Friends: literary terms EXERCISE 17

THE LANGUAGE OF THE NIGHT70 Phrasal Verbs: sleep72 Phrasal Verbs: dreams EXERCISE 2673 Words: the terminology of sleep74 Idioms: night expressions76 Idioms: dream expressions77 Idioms: sleeping expressions EXERCISE 3478 Word Building: ‘night’ EXERCISE 3379 Etymology: nightingales and nightmares80 Pronunciation: phonics and -ight EXERCISE 12

81 Translation: homemade signs EXERCISE 22

82 The YES Community

84 Grammar Focus: Why Punctuation Matters EXERCISE 27

85 Subscription Information86 Picture Description

SPEAKING EXTENSION

68 Speak: what’s your favourite film? Why would you recommend it? What’s your favourite novel? Why?

73 Speak: are you a morning person/early bird or a night owl?

84 Watch: what would happen if we pronounced punctuation? Find out from Victor Borge

http://goo.gl/lsXfXP

AUDIO SCRIPTS EXTENSION

Track 1 Conversation point Should language change affect established

aspects of sports and culture?

Track 2 Conversation point What makes a good leader?

Track 3 Conversation point Oxfam has identified that world inequality

has skyrocketed since the beginning of the Global Financial Crisis. Does inequality matter, or should we only be concerned about absolute poverty?

Track 5 Conversation point Does silence ever make you nervous,

sad, depressed? If you don’t like silence, how do you fill it? Are there things you prefer to do in silence and other thinks you prefer with sound?

The Tempest

by Archibald Tuttle

YES 10 | 69

False Friends

63 17

>> romanceThis is one of the most confusing terms used in literature. In popular usage it means a love story. In literary termi-nology it means an exotic adventure. Romances tend to feature1 people of noble birth in the remote past and/or in far-off2 lands. Romances tend to have happy endings.3 In the Middle Ages romances were written both as poetry and prose but their fundamental characteristic is that they lack4 the realism of novels.

In the theatre a romance is a type of Renaissance tra-gi-comedy in which the characters suffer in a magical world but ultimately5 find redemption.6

>> gest/geste /ʤest/This word presents problems of pronunciation and spell-ing. It can be used for a mediaeval adventure poem.

However, we prefer the term ‘romance’ for this. Unfortu-nately, ‘gest(e)’ is a homophone of ‘jest’, a rather7 pomp-ous word for a joke8, and so tends to cause confusion. Notice that ‘gest(e)’ is not a homophone of ‘guest’ /gest/.

>> romanticThe American literary scholar9 A.O. Lovejoy once com-mented that the word ‘romantic’ means so many things that, by itself, it means nothing at all10.11 In popu-lar usage ‘romantic’ means ‘amorous’. The Romantics/ Romanticism however refer to a group of late 18th-century early 19th-century poets who had a special interest in the sublime.12

>> ballada (literary) ballad is a reasonably short narrative poem that uses simple language, a refrain13 and dialogue. The Spanish equivalent of ballad in this sense is romance /roˈmænθe/, and we use this term in Spanish contexts.14 A ballad is not the same thing as a balada, a dance song from Provence. For clarity cognates15 of ‘ballad’ in Romance languages (i.e. a traditional popular song with a refrain13) should be called ‘folk ballads’. Just to make things a little more confused, a ballad can also be a slow sentimental pop song.

1 to feature – include prominently

2 far-off – distant 3 well-known English romances

include Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Thomas Malo-ry’s Le Morte d’Arthur (which is in English, despite the French title) and Chaucer’s Troilus and Criseyde.

4 to lack – not have5 ultimately – (false friend) in the end

6 such as Shakespeare’s The Tempest or Cymbeline and a number of John Fletcher’s plays

7 rather – quite, somewhat 8 joke – humorous anecdote or comment that causes laughter

9 scholar – (false friend) erudite person

10 nothing at all – (emphatic) nothing

11 as we have seen, the same is more or less true for

‘romance’, too.12 such as Wordsworth, Coler-

idge, Blake, Byron, Shelley and Keats

13 refrain (false friend) – repeated line(s) in a poem or song, typically at the end of each stanza

14 we also use romancero to talk about a collection of such narrative poems in Spanish

15 cognate – one of two (or more) etymologically related words

LiteraryFalse Friends 2:Romance

A nightingale

Fuseli’s The Nightmare

Photo by Insecta62

YES 10 | 79

Etymology

>> a nightcap As we saw on p. 78 a ‘nightcap’ is literally a hat worn in bed in the past (and in costume dramas2). However, if you talk to Anglos about a nightcap they will probably think you are referring to an alcoholic beverage3 drunk just before going to bed. This usage dates back to when people actually4 wore5 nightcaps in bed and presumably it was originally a euphemism. You can imagine a Geor-gian gentleman asking his servant to bring him his night-cap with a wink6.

>> a nightingale(Luscinia megarhynchos)The term ‘nightingale’ simply means ‘night singer’ (galan meant to sing in Anglo-Saxon). The term was origi-nally nihtegale – the /ŋ/ was added in the middle syllable to make the word easier to say. In the 17th Century Hol-land was Britain’s great rival and the English invented all sorts of nasty7 anti-Dutch expressions. For instance8, a ‘Dutch nightingale’ was a facetious9 word for a frog.

>> a nightmareMany Anglos assume10 that ‘nightmare’ is an allusion to a nocturnal horse11 and imagine terrifying night rides12. Fuseli’s famous painting The Nightmare even shows a mad horse. However, the word actually13 comes from the Anglo-Saxon mare meaning an incubus, and in Fuseli’s painting there is also an incubus sitting on the sleeping woman’s abdomen.

>> fortnightThis British word for ‘a two-week period’ is an abbreviation of ‘fourteen-night’. In the past, people also talked about a “se’en-night” (seven-night) meaning a week.

>> fly-by-night (adj.)This word means ‘unreliable’14, so a ‘fly-by-night business’ is a firm that cannot be trusted. The term seems to be a com-bination of two distinct concepts. Origi-nally, ‘fly-by-night’ referred to witches15 (who supposedly fly at night). This was combined with the idea of ‘flee16-by-night’ referring to tenants17 who escape at night when they cannot pay their rent18.

1 pretty (adv.) – reasonably 2 costume drama – film or TV

series in which the actors wear5 the clothes of a specific histori-cal period

3 beverage – drink 4 actually – (false friend) really 5 to wear (wear-wore-worn)

– dress in, use 6 wink – the momentary shutting

of one eye as a sign of complicity 7 nasty – unpleasant, unkind 8 for instance – for example 9 facetious – joking, playful 10 to assume – (false friend)

suppose

11 a ‘mare’ is a female horse 12 ride – (in this case) outing on

a horse 13 actually – (false friend) in fact 14 unreliable – untrustworthy,

unpredictable, irresponsible 15 witch – woman who practises

black magic

16 to flee (flee-fled-fled) – escape, run away

17 tenant – sb. who pays rent to live in a home that is the prop-erty of sb. else

18 rent – periodic payment for the right to live in a property owned by sb. else

Of Nightmares & NightingalesMost compound words containing ‘night’ are pretty1 self-explanatory, as we saw on the previous page. However, there are several terms that need a little more explanation.

AUDIO SCRIPTSThe following pages contain the transcriptions of what is spoken on the audio files.

SPOKEN-ENGLISH TIPSSpoken English is significantly different from the written language: A more limited vocabulary is generally used and it is, by definition, more colloquial.Moreover1, spoken English uses many more incomplete or badly constructed sentences. On the other hand, intonation and stress can be used in speech.

HOW TO USE THE AUDIO SCRIPTSFollow our eight-step process to get the most out of the audio scripts:

Before you listen we recommend that you read through the relevant section of the footnotes2 (not the text itself). This should give you some idea of the subject3 and help you to understand the more difficult vocabulary as you listen.

When you listen the first time, don’t expect to understand everything; listening practice should not be a painful4 process. Simply see how much meaning you can extract from the recording.

Listen more times going back to the footnotes to integrate the information you have.

Once you understand reasonably well, do the relevant exercise.

Finally, read the audio scripts as you listen again.

Stop each time you get lost or encounter a structure that interests or confuses you.

Repeat words or phrases whose pronunciation surprises you.

Two or three days later, listen to the text again without reading to see if your understanding has improved5.

This process is intense and time-consuming. However, it will eventually6 solve the problem most learners have of relating7 the spoken word to the written. Once you’ve done that, the rest is easy!

1 moreover – what’s more, furthermore2 footnotes – notes at the bottom of the page (in this box)

3 subject (n.) – (in this context) theme 4 painful – (in this context) arduous, unpleasant5 to improve – get better 6 eventually – (false friend) in the end 7 to relate – associate, connect, link

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

YES 10 | 87

YES NO. 10 TRACK LIST

Mini-debates (31m01s)1. Should the Washington Redskins

Change their Name? (11m38s)2. Good Leaders (11m26s)3. Does Inequality Matter? (7m57s)

4. Pronunciation:Phonics and –ight (3m36s)

Monologues:Attitudes to Silence (10m25s)5. Monologue 1 [US English] (2m58s)6. Monologue 2 [UK English] (2m51s)7. Monologue 3 [UK English] (2m31s)8. Monologue 4 [Irish English] (2m05s)

Mini-dialogues (10m48s)9. A Career, A Couple and Canada (6m15s)10. Asking for Directions (4m33s)

11. Picture Description (3m10s)

12. Dictation:Averting Alzheimer’s (4m12s)

Total time: 1h03m12s

88 | YES 10

AUDIO SCRIPTS

8 63

Englishman (EM): OK well, since1 you are our resident American2 today, what do you think about this thing? I was reading that there is some pressure to get the Washing-ton Redskins3 to change their name, would you agree with that?American man (AM): Me personally, yes. Just4 because of the fact that it’s a sports team. Now, I know someone would counter5 that argument with the fact that it is part of history and I don’t know how many years they’ve been named Redskins.6

EM: I think about 80. Something like that, which is ancient history in America!AM: It is but I hate to pick and choose7 the things of history that I wouldn’t touch, but sport teams... names of sport teams isn’t one of them. I don’t find that maybe because I’m not from Washington, but… some-thing similar has happened in Cleve-land where I’m from. The name of the baseball team is the Cleveland Indians

and there’s been similar protesting in Cleveland.EM: Protesting in Mumbai?!Irishman (IM): How come8 sud-denly9 there’s protests and there wasn’t for 80 years? I mean10, why now?AM: Yeah. Good question.IM: Are we getting11 a little bit overly12 politically correct in general? I mean10, isn’t it – kind of13 – going too far14 the whole thing? I mean10, it would seem to me that it was named ‘Washington Redskins’ not for any racist reasons it was just4… it seemed like a cool name. Or the same thing as the Cleveland Indians, I mean10, it’s not derogatory in any sense, would you say?AM: Yeah, I don’t think so.Englishwoman (EW): What about redneck15?IM: I mean10, no. But I mean10… but they’re not called ‘rednecks’, they’re called Indians and Redskins which is… Redskin, is ‘redskin’ derogatory? Is

that why?EM: I think to identify somebody by their skin color is probably not…IM: Yeah, I mean10, OK redskin would, in that sense, would be, yes, maybe derogatory but ‘Indian’ certainly isn’t because that’s a term. I don’t know it seems… you know.AM: Yeah. I think they’ve taken it a little too far16 but I mean10, I’m not a Native American so I don’t know. I think they’re just4 worried about how they’re represented in society, which is a legitimate concern17.IM: Well, OK. I mean10, how they’re represented in society, yeah OK.EW: Aren’t they marginalized anyway? Kind of13 – have been pushed18… AM: Yeah.EW: Yeah.IM: Well, I mean10, the thing about it is is that on the other side of things if they’re concerned19 about their image I mean10, y’know20 – the fact that most of the casinos in the United States are owned by21, are on res-ervations and are owned by tribes. Is that not maybe a negative image to portray22, you know? Is that not something that maybe doesn’t help them in their own battle for what you’re talking about – like23 – their public image? I mean10, I personally

1 since – (in this case) given that2 resident American – American who is

present 3 An American football team from Wash-

ington DC. ‘Redskin’ is an old-fashioned and racist term for a Native American

4 just – (in this case) simply 5 to counter – contradict, answer 6 they began to be called the Redskins in

19337 to pick and choose – select between 8 how come...? – why is it that...?

9 suddenly – (in this case) unexpectedly, all of a sudden

10 I mean – (pause filler) y’know, sort of, kind of, like

11 to get (get-got-got) – (in this case) become 12 overly – excessively 13 kind of – (pause filler) sort of, like, y’know, I

mean 14 to go too far (go-went-gone) – exceed the

limits of what is reasonable or acceptable 15 redneck – (US English) poor white ignorant

working-class person from the southern USA

16 to take it too far (take-took-taken) – exceed the limits of what is reasonable or acceptable

17 concern – worry, preoccupation 18 to push – (in this case) force 19 to be concerned – be worried 20 y’know – (pause filler) sort of, kind of, like,

I mean 21 to be owned by – be the property of 22 to portray – (in this case) project, give 23 like – (pause filler) y’know, kind of, sort of, I

mean

Mini-debates (31m01s)

1. Should the Washington Redskins Change their Name?(11m38s)

100 | YES 10

AUDIO SCRIPTS

21 63

After living in a city for some years now I’d have to say that I enjoy moments of silence much more than I did before. Where we live now there never really is any time of day where there is complete silence, except per-haps in the middle of the night or very early in the morning. We live near a street that has a constant flow207 of traffic and directly opposite our building is an elementary school. So, while the kids58 on the play-ground can get quite rowdy208, they don’t tend to209 bother210 me.

While working during the day there are moments when I need as little noise as possible so that I can concen-trate on what I’m doing, whether141 it’s proofreading211 or reading in

general. I find it hard212 to read if there’s noise or music playing. How-ever, when I’m working on, for exam-ple, the webpage, page-designing or wrangling213 code214 I seem to be more productive if I have music on215. So, I usually need silence first thing in the morning while I’m answering emails and reading. By mid-morning I start to listen to music. Usually as the day progresses the music I listen to gets louder and more upbeat216. Then at night I normally stop listening to music once I’ve finished working and try to enjoy some… a little bit of quiet time before going to bed.

I’ve also noticed when work-ing out217, whether141 it’s lifting weights218 or doing some sort30

of bodyweight exercises219, I always need to have some music on215. If I try to work out in silence I have a very hard time220 getting through221 the session. However, if I’m just4 stretching222 or doing Yoga, for example, I prefer it to be quiet. I suppose this is logical since1 this sort30 of activity is relaxing and therefore223 lends itself to224 a quiet setting225.

I have noticed that sometimes when I’m alone total silence can make me feel uneasy226. Not always, though. It doesn’t make me sad or depressed, just227 a little nervous, I guess44. I’m not really sure what has determined my attitude to silence. I suppose it’s largely83 determined by how I was raised228 and partly by my own229 preferences. You see, I love music and spend a large230 part of my day listening to it. So, I’d say that I do enjoy231 silence at certain moments of the day, but not always.

207 flow – stream, flux 208 rowdy – noisy, clamorous 209 tend to – usually 210 to bother – upset, trouble 211 proofreading – reading and correcting

texts 212 hard – (in this case) difficult 213 to wrangle – (literally) herd, round up, (in

this case) try to control 214 (computer) code – data-processing

instructions 215 to have music on (have-had-had) – have

music playing 216 upbeat – optimistic, cheerful 217 to work out – do physical

exercise218 lifting weights – 219 bodyweight exercises –

exercises in which you have to lift the weight of your body

220 to have a hard time (have-had-had) – have great difficulty, find it arduous

221 to get through (get-got-got) – complete

222 stretching – 223 therefore – so, for this reason 224 to lend itself to (lend-

lent-lent) – be apt for 225 setting – context 226 uneasy – nervous 227 just – (in this case) only 228 to raise sb. – rear sb.,

bring sb. up 229 my own – (emphatic) my personal 230 large – (false friend) significant 231 do enjoy – (emphatic) enjoy

Monologues:Attitudes to Silence(10m25s)

Listen to these people talking about when they appreciate silence and when they don’t.

5. Monologue 1 (US English)(2m58s)

EXERCISES

YES 10 | 111

112 1. Illustrations round-up: see if you can identify most of the objects and actions illustrated in the footnotes of this issue.

113 2. Title Tag: can you match these alternative titles to the news, language news and science articles on pp. 7-11?

3. Cloze: answer the questions about the article on the First Island Chain (p. 39).

114 4. Word Search: find words relating to sleep (pp. 12-15, 73).

115 5. Prepositions: replace the prepositions in this text about ghosts (pp. 34-35).

116 6. Crossword for general vocabulary revision.

117 7. Sentence transformation for general syntax revision of structures in this issue.

118 8. Debates: listening comprehension for audio tracks 1-3 (pp. 88-95).

119 9. Too many words: find the unnecessary words in this extract from the history article on p. 29.

10. US vs. UK: fill the gaps in the chart. This relates to the whole magazine.

11. English in Context: substitute cultural terms from pp. 64-65.

120 12. Pronunciation: -ight words and their homophones. (pp. 80-81)

13. Have you learned the pronunciation of the words highlighted in the magazine?

121 14. Word game: test your vocabulary and understanding of English morphology.

122 15. Phrasal Verbs: how many new phrasal verbs have you learned this month? This exercise tests for the phrasal verbs in the footnotes.

16. Cinema: a reading comprehension about Hollywood’s secrets (pp. 58-61).

123 17. False Friends: test how well you have understood pp. 68-69. Then, see if you remember the false friends marked in the footnotes throughout the magazine.

18. Improvisations: an open-question listening comprehension on audio tracks 9-10.

124 19. Homophones: replace the homophones so that this text by Beatrice Grimshaw makes sense.

20. Internet Listening: test your listening comprehension of this fascinating talk about the sleep.

125 21. Monologues: a true-false listening comprehension on audio tracks 5-8.

22. Translation: correct these real examples of broken English (p. 81).

126 23. Travel: fill in the names on this map of Indonesia (pp. 24-27).

24. Photography: have you learned the meaning of the terms on pp. 36-37?

25. Economics: test your knowledge of terms from the economics articles (pp. 20-22).

127 26. Phrasal verbs: have you learned the multi-word ‘night’ verbs on pp. 70-72?

27. Grammar Focus: explain the ambiguity in the punctuation (p. 84).

28. Wordplay: another word game – relating to the Feature articles on pp. 31-33.

128 29. Art: reading comprehension. Answer these questions about pp. 54-57.

30. Crime: Test your understanding of the new words on pp. 50-53.

31. Sports: give the alternative names for these sports (p. 62).

129 32. Poetry: reading comprehension about pp. 46-49.

33. Word Building: practise the morphology from p. 78.

130 34. idioms: fill the gaps in this exercise relating to pp. 74-77.

35. Teenspeak: test your understanding of modern Anglo adolescents (p. 9).

131-133 ANSWERS

PAGE EXERCISE

PAGE EXERCISE

122 | YES 10

15. Phrasal Verbs. Throughout the magazine phrasal verbs are identified and explained in the footnotes. Fill the following sentences with phrasal verbs from Yes 10. The first letter of the base verb and the particle are given to help you. The page (p.) and footnote (n.) reference is also given:

1. I need to f________ o_______ about different types of seismic ways before next week’s geology class. (p. 7, n. 2)

2. I was ill for a month last semester and I’ve spent most of this term trying to c_______ u_____. (p. 9, n. 22)

3. Could you help me l________ f______ my keys, please? I can’t find them and I’m already late for work. (p. 10, n. 8)

4. Jack told me his brother f________ o______ last night but I couldn’t work out if he meant he got angry or high.

(p. 10, n. 12)

5. There are lots of young people h________ a_________ on street corners and in the parks but mostly they mind their

own business and don’t cause problems. (p. 10, n. 20)

6. I can’t believe you were incapable of c__________ o______ such simple instructions! (p. 10, n. 23)

7. The WHO’s new protocol should p______ u_____ the next bird flu outbreak in its early stages. (p. 11, n. 8)

8. As the pressure b________ u_____ alarms began to go off around the plant. (p. 12, n. 2)

9. The police fired smoke grenades into the building to try to f________ the protestors o_______. (p. 12, n. 5)

10. We don’t earn a fortune from the shop but we g______ b_____ OK. (p. 13, n. 5)

11. Once the painkillers began to k_____ i_____ I felt a lot better. (p. 13, n. 20)

12. The school aims to develop children’s mental arithmetic skills and they f______ o_____ the use of any electronic

device to do calculations. (p. 16, n. 20)

13. The company’s founder eventually retired and his daughter t________ o______ as managing director. (p. 16, n. 22)

14. If we publicly r________ o_______ the use of force, we weaken our position and strengthen that of our rivals.

(p. 17, n. 22)

15. As an only child I m________ o______ o____ the sibling interaction which makes other people’s childhoods so

enriching. (p. 22, n. 13)

16. Once I’ve c________ u_____ another 20 hours of flying time I’ll be able to apply for a pilot’s licence. (p. 22, n. 14)

17. You shouldn’t l________ d_______ o_____ people just because they’ve received less formal education than you.

(p. 22, n. 21)

18. I refuse to g_______ u______. You can concede defeat if you want to but I’m going to soldier on. (p. 22, n. 22)

16. Cinema. Read the article about The Secrets of the Silver Screen (pp. 58-61) and try to answer the following questions:

1. Why weren’t movie sound effects needed before 1927?

2. Why is it preposterous to suggest that Hollywood is a left-wing conspiracy?

3. Why did Hollywood make such an effort to satisfy the Nazis in the 1930s?

4. How is the US film industry unique?

5. How was Diné useful for the USA during World War II?

STAFFAnglo Files, S.L. (publisher)

Nicholas Franklin (editor)nick@yes-mag.com

Marina Carresi(artistic director and

photography, proofreading)marina@yes-mag.com

Nathan Burkiewicz(sub-editor, page-design, webmaster)

nathan@yes-mag.com

Fabiola Vieyra (promotion)

Josh Tampico (sound engineer)

Gonzalo Cohen (legal)

WRITERS, VOICES, INVALUABLE SUPPORT & HELPING HANDSDouglas Jasch, Prof. Raoul Franklin, Colman Keane, Almudena Cáceres, Susannah Jones, Robbie K. Jones,

Jim Trainor, Hamish Binns, Adrian Hall, Lois Humphrey, Julie Davies, Garrett

Wall, AmyJo Doherty, Miles Pratt, Bea Alzona, Saskia Eijkins.

PHOTOGRAPHYCover photo: ‘The Silent Evolution’

by Jason deCaires Taylorwww.underwatersculpture.com

Marina Carresi, Josh Tampico, Bill Cooley, Marcelo Fabra, Isabel Rodríguez,

Irene Sanz, Douglas Jasch, Mario Herrera, Almudena Cáceres

PLEASE CHECK OUR WEBPAGE FOR THE FULL UPDATED LIST OF YES STOCKISTS.

FOR MORE INFORMATION, WRITE TO US AT INFO@YES-MAG.COM

Published by Anglo Files S.L. C/ Bronce 27, 11-B, Madrid 28045Depósito legal: M-9788-2013 // ISSN: 2255-5676PVP: 9,95€ VAT included/incluido IVA // Printed in Spain

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In the Next Volume ofYour English Supplement

FEATURE:

FEEL THE EARTH MOVEEarthquakes, sinkholes, volcanoes

HistoryThe Battle of ClontarfVikings vs. Irish

SymbolismNymphs in Greek Love

Grammar FeatureUsing the Passive

ArtJohn WaterhouseThe Victorian Athenian

IdiomsMoving mountains: geological idioms

AudioThe Cathars

...and much more.BiographyEmily Davison: secrets of a feminist martyr

Photo by FEMA