WtW TV3 Buletin Utama Final

7/29/2019 WtW TV3 Buletin Utama Final

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'Watching the Watchdog'Malaysian Media Coverage of GE13

Final Individual Report: TV3 BULETIN UTAMA

15/08/13

Dr Tessa J. HoughtonSchool of Modern Languages and Cultures

Director of the Centre for the Study of Communications and CultureUniversity of Nottingham Malaysian Campus

in collaboration with

Comments and feedback welcomed at:

[email protected] 523 4575

or

Masjaliza HamzahExecutive Officer

Centre for Independent [email protected]

03-4023-0772/4024-9840

The work is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 3.0
http://www.nottingham.edu.my/Modern-Languages/index.aspxhttp://www.nottingham.edu.my/Modern-Languages/CentrefortheStudyofCommunicationsandCulture/index.aspxmailto:[email protected]://cijmalaysia.org/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/http://www.nottingham.edu.my/Modern-Languages/CentrefortheStudyofCommunicationsandCulture/index.aspxmailto:[email protected]://cijmalaysia.org/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/http://www.nottingham.edu.my/Modern-Languages/index.aspx


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Table of ContentsExecutive Summary of Key Results for TV3 BULETIN UTAMA..........................................................................3Section 1: Media Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions.......................................................................... 5

1.1 Volume of Coverage of Parties & Coalitions......................................................................................... 5Figure 1: Volume of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions.......................................................... 5Figure 2: Volume of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions: Government vs. Opposition vs.

Independent/Other........................................................................................................................................61.2 Tone of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions...............................................................................7Figure 3: Raw Tonal Coverage Volume of Political Parties & Coalitions............................................7Figure 4: Negative Political Party & Coalition Coverage ....................................................................8Figure 5: Positive Political Party & Coalition Coverage.........................................................................9Figure 6: Tone of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions: Government vs. Opposition vs.Independent/Other.....................................................................................................................................10

Section 2: Media Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures.......................................................................112.1 Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures.......................................................................11

Figure 7: Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures....................................................... 11Figure 8: Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures: Government vs. Opposition vs.Independent/Other.....................................................................................................................................12

2.2 Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures as Sources.......................................................13Figure 9: Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures as Sources........................................13Figures 10: Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures As Sources: Government vs.Opposition vs. Independent/Other..........................................................................................................14

2.3 Tone of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures............................................................................15Figure 11: Raw Tonal Coverage Volume of Politicians & Political Figures......................................15Figure 12: Negative Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures.......................................................16Figure 13: Positive Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures..........................................................17Figure 14: Tone of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures: Government vs. Opposition vs.Independent/Other.....................................................................................................................................18

2.4 Tone of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures As Sources: Attack Politics or Negative

Campaigning......................................................................................................................................................19Figure 15: Attack Politics: Which Politicians and Political Figures Employ 'Attack Politics' MostOften?............................................................................................................................................................ 19Figure 16: Attack Politics: Which Coalition Employs Attack Politics Most Often?..........................20

Section 3: Media Coverage of Issues.................................................................................................................213.1 Volume of Media Coverage of Policy Issues vs. Non-Policy Issues..................................................21

Figure 17: Coverage of Policy Issues vs. Non-Policy Issues.................................................................21Figure 18: Media Coverage of Policy Issues.........................................................................................22Figure 19: Media Coverage of Non-Policy Issues................................................................................23

Section 4: A Brief Methodology..........................................................................................................................24Section 5: Appendix 1 Tables..........................................................................................................................25

.................................................................................................................................................................................. 25Section 6: Appendix 2 Coding Scheme......................................................................................................... 32

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Executive Summary of Key Results for TV3 BULETIN UTAMA

Introduction

Like all modern elections, it the Malaysian 13th General Election was fought primarily through themedia the so-called 'watchdogs' of democracy.

But how effective were Malaysian media outlets at providing fair and objective informationabout national politics? How well did they inform Malaysian citizens about their political environment,and thus enable them to make informed decisions about who to vote for?

The Watching the Watchdog project monitored coverage from 28 media newspapers, televisionnews broadcasts, online news sites as well as the national press agency, in four languages (English,Bahasa Malaysia, Mandarin, and Tamil); in Sabah and Sarawak as well as in Peninsular Malaysia,during the month spanning April 7th to May 7th 2013 (31 days in total). It is a collaboration betweenthe University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus and the Centre for Independent Journalism.

The key results summarised below pertain to the individual publication addressed in this report.

Key Results

In scrutinising the GE13 coverage provided by TV3 Buletin Utama, we found the following trends:

(1) Coverage of Parties & Coalitions

The mention-level coverage dedicated to each major coalition was relatively equal.

PR were attacked (75.29%) and covered negatively (61.45%) more then BN, with BNreceiving more positive coverage (76.85%).

Of all the tonal categories used in the coverage of political parties and coalitions, thepositive category was used very much the most often (41%), followed by the negativecategory (27%) then the neutral category (26%).

(2) Coverage of Politicians and Political Figures

Who is talked about the most? And how are they talked about?

The volume of mention-level coverage given to politicians from both coalitions was skewed

towards BN (63%). Of all the tonal categories used in the coverage of politicians and political figures, the

neutral category was used the most often (44%), followed by the positive category (24%).

However, of the non-neutral material, more positive and neutral coverage was given to BN,while PR received the most attacks.

Who is used as a source the most? And who engages in attack politics the most?

Najib Razak and Muhyiddin Yassin were used as sources most often.

BN were used as sources more often (51%) than PR politicians (21%), who were used assources less than independent/other political figures (27%).

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Lim Guan Eng and Muhyiddin Yassin were first and second most commonly engaged in attackpolitics, followed by Najib Razak.

Overall, BN coalition politicians engaged in attack politics more often than oppositionpoliticians (27.78% cf. 19.44%), but not as much as independents and others (52.78%).

(3) Policy Issues vs. Non-Policy Issues

Non-Policy Issues were given more coverage than Policy Issues.

The Non-Policy Issue of Vision Policies and Programmes was the most covered issue overall.

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Section 1: Media Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions

1.1 Volume of Coverage of Parties & Coalitions

Figure 1: Volume of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions

BN received the most coverage (39.33%), followed by PAS, DAP, Others, then PKR.

Refer to Table 1 for figures.

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BN

PASDAP

Other

PKR

UMNO

MCA

PR

MIC

PSM

Gerakan

SAPP

PBB

PBS

PRS

PRM

SPDP

SUPP

UPKO

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

39.33

14.0413.65

12.18

11.95

3.96

1.40

1.24

0.78

0.78

0.23

0.23

0.08

0.08

0.08

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

Volume


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Figure 2: Volume of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions: Government vs.Opposition vs. Independent/Other

Once parties/coalitions' coverage volumes are combined, the mention-level coveragededicated to each major coalition was relatively equal, with the BN coalition receivingslightly more mention-level coverage than PR.


6 TV3 BULETIN UTAMA

BN

PR

Independent

Other

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

45.93

40.88

1.01

12.18

Volume


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1.2 Tone of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions

Figure 3: Raw Tonal Coverage Volume of Political Parties & Coalitions

Of all the tonal categories used in the coverage of political parties and coalitions, thepositive category was used very much the most often (41%), followed by the negativecategory (27%) then the neutral category (26%).

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7%

27%

26%

41%Attacked

Negative

Neutral

Positive


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Figure 4: Negative Political Party & Coalition Coverage

Other parties were the most negatively covered (25.91%), followed by DAP (20.48%) andPAS (20.18%), then PKR (19.88%).

PKR were the most attacked (27.06%), followed by DAP (24.71%), Other (20%), PAS(15.29%), then PR (8.24%).


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Other

DAP

PAS

PKR

BN

UMNOPR

MIC

PSM

MCA

Gerakan

PBB

PBS

PRS

PRM

SAPP

SPDP

SUPP

UPKO

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Attacked Negative

Coverage Volume


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Figure 5: Positive Political Party & Coalition Coverage

BN received the most positive (69.84%) coverage by a very significant margin, followed byPAS (8.95%), UMNO (5.06%), PKR (4.67%), then DAP (4.47%).


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BN

DAP

PAS

Other

PKR

UMNOMCA

PSM

MIC

Gerakan

PRS

PR

SAPP

PBB

PBS

PRM

SPDP

SUPP

UPKO

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Posi tive Neutral

Coverage Volume


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Figure 6: Tone of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions: Government vs.Opposition vs. Independent/Other

When coalition and party coverage is combined into the two opposing coalitions, we see thatoverall, PR were attacked (75.29%) and covered negatively (61.45%) more then BN, withBN receiving more positive coverage (76.85%).

Refer to Table 4 for figures and below for ratios.

CoverageType

BN : PRTonal

Weighting

Positive 1 : 0.24 41%Neutral 1 : 1.1 26%

Negative 1 : 4.64 27%

Attacked 1 : 16 7%

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Attacked

Negative

Neutral

Positive

Attacked

Negative

Neutral

Positive

Attacked

Negative

Neutral

Positive

BN

PR

Independent & Other

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

4.71

13.25

41.25

76.85

75.29

61.45

45.31

18.68

20.00

25.30

13.44

4.47

Coverage Volume


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Section 2: Media Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures

2.1 Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures

Figure 7: Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures

Only the top 20 most mentioned politicians are shown on this graph.

Out of these 20, Najib Razak received the most mentions by a significant proportion(40.48%), followed by Muhyiddin Yassin (10.73%).

Refer to Table 5 for full figures.


Najib Razak

Muhyiddin Yassin

Lim Guan EngAnwar Ibrahim

Mahathir Mohamad

Karpal Singh

Nik Aziz

Hishamuddin Hussein

Hadi Awang

Khalid Ibrahim

Lim Kit Siang

Ambiga Sreenevasan

Chua Soi Lek

Musa Aman

Ng Yen YenTian Chua

Hassan Ali

Liow Tiong Lai

Mohamad 'Mat' Sabu

Nurul Izzah

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

40.48

10.73

8.657.96

5.88

5.54

3.81

3.11

2.77

2.08

2.08

1.38

1.04

0.69

0.690.69

0.35

0.35

0.35

0.35

Coverage Volume


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Figure 8: Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures: Government vs.Opposition vs. Independent/Other

When the mentions of individual politicians and political figures are combined and mergedinto their respective coalitions, we can see that coverage of figures from both major coalitionsis skewed towards BN (63%).



63%

34%

2%

BN

PR

Independent/Other


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2.2 Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures as Sources

Figure 9: Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures as Sources

Of the politicians and political figures tracked, Najib Razak was used as a source most often(34.25%), followed by Muhyiddin Yassin (12.64%) then Lim Guan Eng (9.2%).



Najib Razak

Muhyiddin Yassin

Lim Guan Eng

Anwar Ibrahim

Election Commission Spokesperson

Hadi Awang

Mahathir Mohamad

Nik Aziz

Hassan Ali

Ambiga Sreenevasan

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

34.25

12.64

9.20

6.67

5.75

2.76

2.53

1.61

1.38

0.92

Coverage Volume


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Figures 10: Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures As Sources: Governmentvs. Opposition vs. Independent/Other

Politicians from BN were used as sources more often (51%) than PR politicians (21%), whowere used as sources less than independent/other political figures (27%).



51%

21%

27%

BN

PR

Independent/Other


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2.3 Tone of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures

Figure 11: Raw Tonal Coverage Volume of Politicians & Political Figures

Of all the tonal categories used in the coverage of politicians and political figures, theneutral category was used the most often (50%), followed by the positive category (27%).


27%

50%

13%

11%

Positive

Neutral

Negative

Attacked


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Figure 12: Negative Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures

In terms of the tone of mentions of politicians and political figures, Najib Razak received themost negative coverage (18.18%), followed by Lim Guan Eng and Mahathir Mohamad (both12.12%).

Anwar Ibrahim was the most attacked (33.33%), followed by Khalid Ibrahim (18.52%) thenKarpal Singh (14.82%).

Refer to Table 8 for full figures.


Najib Razak

Lim Guan Eng

Mahathir Mohamad

Muhyiddin Yassin

Anwar Ibrahim

Karpal Singh

Ambiga Sreenevasan

Nik Aziz

Hadi Awang

Lim Kit Siang

Ng Yen Yen

Khalid Ibrahim

Hishamuddin Hussein

Tian Chua

Abdul Rahman Dahlan

Alfred Jabu

Azmin Ali

Baru Bian

Bernard Dompok

Chong Chieng JenChua Soi Lek

Dzulkefly Ahmad

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Attacked Negative

Coverage Volume


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Figure 13: Positive Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures

In terms of the tone of mentions of politicians and political figures, Najib Razak received themost positive (58.82%) and neutral coverage (46.03%%).

Muhyiddin Yassin received the second most positive coverage (16.18%) followed by Lim

Guan Eng (5.88%). Refer to Table 8 for figures.


Najib RazakLim Guan Eng

Muhyiddin Yassin

Karpal Singh

Anwar Ibrahim

Nik Aziz

Hishamuddin Hussein

Lim Kit Siang

Hadi Awang

Mahathir Mohamad

Chua Soi Lek

Musa Aman

Liow Tiong Lai

Rosmah Mansur

Taib Mahmud

Tian Chua

Yong Teck Lee

Ambiga Sreenevasan

Hassan Ali

Mohamad 'Mat' SabuAbdul Rahman Dahlan

Alfred Jabu

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Posi tive Neutral

Coverage Volume


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Figure 14: Tone of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures: Government vs.Opposition vs. Independent/Other

Overall, more positive and neutral coverage was given to BN, while PR received the mostattacks.

Refer to Table 9 for figures and below for ratios.

CoverageType

BN : PRTonal

Weighting

Positive 1 : 0.16 24%

Neutral 1 : 0.51 44%

Negative 1 : 0.94 11%

Attacked 1 : 7.7 9%


Attacked

Negative

Neutral

Positive

Attacked

Negative

Neutral

Positive

Attacked

Negative

Neutral

Positive

BN

PR

Independent/ Other

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

11.11

48.48

65.08

83.82

85.19

45.45

33.33

13.24

3.70

6.06

1.59

2.94

Coverage Volume


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2.4 Tone of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures As Sources: AttackPolitics or Negative Campaigning

Figure 15: Attack Politics: Which Politicians and Political Figures Employ 'Attack Politics'

Most Often?

This graph is weighted to show attack politics as a proportion of overall use as source.

Lim Guan Eng was the politicians most likely to engage in attack politics (13.89%), followedby Muhyiddin Yassin (11.11%) then Najib Razak (8.33%).



Lim Guan Eng

Muhyiddin Yassin

Najib Razak

Mahathir Mohamad

Anwar Ibrahim

Lim Kit Siang

Nazri Aziz

Ambiga Sreenevasan

Baru Bian

Chua Soi Lek

Hadi Awang

Hassan Ali

Jeffrey Kitingan

Khalid Ibrahim

Musa Aman

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

13.89

11.11

8.33

5.56

2.78

2.78

2.78

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

Attack Volume


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Figure 16: Attack Politics: Which Coalition Employs Attack Politics Most Often?

This graph is weighted to show attack politics as a proportion of overall use as source.

Overall, BN coalition politicians engaged in attack politics more often than oppositionpoliticians (27.78% cf. 19.44%), but not as much as independents and others (52.78%).



27.78

19.44

52.78

BN

PR

Independent/Other


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Section 3: Media Coverage of Issues

3.1 Volume of Media Coverage of Policy Issues vs. Non-Policy Issues

Figure 17: Coverage of Policy Issues vs. Non-Policy Issues

More coverage overall is given to Non-Policy Issues than Policy Issues.



46%

54%

Policy Issues

Non-Policy Issues


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Figure 18: Media Coverage of Policy Issues

Of all Policy Issues covered, Vision Policies and Programmes were given the most coverage,followed by the Economy & Development then Religion.



49%

2%

19%

2%1%

9%

3%1%

14%

Policy Issues

VisionPolicies/ProgrammesEnvironmentEconomy/DevelopmentEducationForeign PolicyDomestic Policy, Crime &National SecurityOppressive LegislationHealthReligion


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Figure 19: Media Coverage of Non-Policy Issues

Of all Non-Policy Issues covered, Electioneering was given the most coverage, followed bySocioeconomic Status, then Democracy & Human Rights.



14%

6%

18%

19%

3%2%

38%

Non-Policy Issues

Ethnicity

Religion

Democracy & Human Rights

Socioeconomic Status

Mudslinging

Gender

Electioneering


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Section 4: A Brief Methodology

Dates analysed: 7/4/13 07/05/13 (nd = 31 days)

Number of data points/references identified and analysed: ndp = 4111

Number of articles identified and analysed: na = 416

Average number of articles/day: na/d = 13.4

Data Collection

The data was collected or 'coded' using sentence-level content analysis. A team of around 70'coders' from all over Malaysia, from both private and public universities, and from civil society,coded their assigned media on a daily basis.

Stories 'coded' were selected according to the following criteria:

They were within the Malaysian news section/s of the newspapers including the front page, orwere the paper's editorial (if they run one).

They were from pre-defined 'Malaysian News' areas of the news websites monitored, with'snapshots' taken at 8pm daily.

They were from within the TV news broadcasts.

They were more than 1/3 about the election, and were news stories as opposed to columns,opinions pieces, letters, etc (with the exception of the paper's own editorial, if present).

Within each story, category/operator references were identified and coded at the sentence level

(from period to period). The 21 categories identified and their sub-categories or 'operators' areoutlined in Appendix 2. These 21 categories form the 'unit of analysis' for this study.

Tone (positive, negative, neutral, attacking, or attacked) was determined based on matching eachreference to a media frame or frames, supportable via emotive/descriptive/subjectivelanguage/vocabulary utilised by the either the news personnel or the source beingquoted/paraphrased. As such, tone is not based upon coder opinion but on linguistic data. Coderswere instructed to 'code as neutral' whenever there was a lack of linguistic data to support apositive/negative/attacking/attacked frame, or whenever they were unsure/conflicted.

Data Analysis

The data was analysed using the open source software package GNU Octave (a multi-disciplinarymathematical data analysis programme capable of SPSS/NVIVO-level statistical analysis, as well asmuch higher-level mathematical analysis). Scripts were composed to count occurrences of key data-codes, as specified by the project's finite code-listing set (see Appendix 2), for every row of codeddata (i.e. every reference). Where appropriate, code-count occurrences have been normalised toprovide the percentage of these key-code occurrences.

http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/


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Section 5: Appendix 1 Tables


TABLE 1

Party Percentage

BN 39.333

DAP 13.654

Gerakan 0.23274

MCA 1.3964

MIC 0.7758

PAS 14.042

PBB 0.07758

PBS 0.07758

PKR 11.947

PR 1.2413

PRS 0.07758

PRM 0

PSM 0.7758

SAPP 0.23274

SPDP 0

SUPP 0

UMNO 3.9566

UPKO 0

Other 12.18

TABLE 2

Party Percentage Coalition Percentage

BN 39.333

BN 45.92728

Gerakan 0.23274

MCA 1.3964

MIC 0.7758

PBB 0.07758

PBS 0.07758

PRS 0.07758

SPDP 0

SUPP 0

UMNO 3.9566

UPKO 0

PR 1.2413

PR 40.8843DAP 13.654

PAS 14.042

PKR 11.947

PRM 0

Independent 1.00854PSM 0.7758

SAPP 0.23274

Other 12.18 Other 12.18

TABLE 3

Attacked Negative Neutral Positive TOTAL

BN 3.5294 10.241 30 69.844 113.6144

DAP 24.706 20.482 18.75 4.4747 68.4127

Gerakan 0 0 0.625 0.19455 0.81955

MCA 0 0.3012 3.75 0.97276 5.02396

MIC 0 0.90361 0.9375 0.38911 2.23022

PAS 15.294 20.181 15.312 8.9494 59.7364

PBB 0 0 0 0.19455 0.19455

PBS 0 0 0 0.19455 0.19455

PKR 27.059 19.88 11.25 4.6693 62.8583

PR 8.2353 0.90361 0 0.58366 9.72257

PRS 0 0 0.3125 0 0.3125

PRM 0 0 0 0 0

PSM 0 0.60241 1.875 0 2.47741

SAPP 0 0 0 0.58366 0.58366

SPDP 0 0 0 0 0

SUPP 0 0 0 0 0

UMNO 1.1765 1.8072 5.625 5.0584 13.6671

UPKO 0 0 0 0 0

Other 20 24.699 11.562 3.8911 60.1521

Parties &Coalitions


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TABLE 4

BN

A ttacked 4.7059

Negative 13.25301

Neutral 41.25

Posit ive 76.84792

PR

A tta cked 75.2943

Negative 61.44661

Neutral 45.312

Posit ive 18.67706

Attacked 20

Negative 25.30141

Neutral 13.437

Positive 4.47476

Independent &

Other

TABLE 5

Politician/Political Figure

Abdul Rahman Dahlan 0

Alfred Jabu 0

Ambiga Sreenevasan 1.3841

Anwar Ibrahim 7.9585

Azmin Ali 0

Baru Bian 0

Bernard Dompok 0

Chong Chieng Jen 0

Chua Soi Lek 1.0381

Dzulkefly Ahmad 0

Elizabeth Wong 0

G. Palanivel 0

Hadi Awang 2.7682Hassan Ali 0.34602

Hishamuddin Hussein 3.1142

Ibrahim Ali 0

James Masing 0

Jeffrey Kitingan 0

Karpal Singh 5.5363

Khalid Ibrahim 2.0761

Khalid Samad 0

Lim Guan Eng 8.6505

Lim Kit Siang 2.0761

Liow Tiong Lai 0.34602

Mahathir Mohamad 5.8824

Maximus Ongkili 0

Mohamad 'Mat' Sabu 0.34602

Muhyiddin Yassin 10.727

Musa Aman 0.69204

Najib Razak 40.484

Ng Yen Yen 0.69204

Nik Aziz 3.8062

Nizar Jamaluddin 0

Nurul Izzah 0.34602

Rafizi Ramli 0

Rosmah Mansur 0.34602

Siti Mariah Mahmud 0

Taib Mahmud 0.34602

Teresa Kok 0

Tian Chua 0.69204

Tony Pua 0

William Mawan 0

Wong Ho Leng 0

Wong Soon Koh 0Yong Teck Lee 0.34602

Percentage(mention)


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TABLE 6

Politician/Political Figure Party etc. Percentage Coalition Percentage

Chua Soi Lek

MCA 2.07616

BN 63.32182

Liow Tiong Lai

Ng Yen Yen

G. Palanivel MIC 0

Alfred JabuPBB 0.34602

Taib Mahmud

Maximus Ongkili PBS 0

James Masing PRS 0

William Mawan SPDP 0

Wong Soon Koh SUPP 0

Abdul Rahman Dahlan

UMNO 60.89964

Hishamuddin Hussein

Mahathir Mohamad

Muhyiddin YassinMusa Aman

Najib Razak

Bernard Dompok UPKO 0

Chong Chieng Jen

DAP 16.2629

PR 34.25598

Karpal Singh

Lim Guan Eng

Lim Kit Siang

Teresa Kok

Tony Pua

Wong Ho Leng

Dzulkefly Ahmad

PAS 6.92042

Hadi Awang

Khalid Samad

Mohamad 'Mat' Sabu

Nik Aziz

Nizar Jamaluddin

Siti Mariah Mahmud

Anwar Ibrahim

PKR 11.07266

Azmin Ali

Baru Bian

Elizabeth Wong

Jeffrey Kitingan

Khalid Ibrahim

Nurul Izzah

Rafizi Ramli

Tian Chua

Ambiga Sreenevasan Bersih 1.3841

2.42216

Hassan Ali Independent 0.34602

Ibrahim Ali Perkasa 0

Rosmah Mansur 0.34602

Yong Teck Lee SAPP 0.34602

Independent/Other

'1st lady'


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TABLE 7

Politician/Political Figure Coalition Percentage

Chua Soi Lek 0.22989

BN 51.26479



Musa Aman 0.45977

Najib Razak 34.253

Nazri Aziz 0.22989

Taib Mahmud 0.91954


PR 21.37933

Baru Bian 0.22989

Hadi Awang 2.7586

Jeffrey Kitingan 0

Khalid Ibrahim 0

Lim Guan Eng 9.1954

Lim Kit Siang 0.91954

Nik Aziz 1.6092

Ambiga Sreenevasan 0.91954

Independent 27.35654

Hassan Ali 1.3793

Vox Pop Male 12.414

Vox Pop Female 6.8966

0

5.7471

Percentage(source)

Public Opinion/Vox PopGeneral

Election CommissionSpokesperson


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TABLE 8

Politician/Political Figure Attacked Negative Neutral Positive

Abdul Rahman Dahlan 0 0 0 0

Alfred Jabu 0 0 0 0

Ambiga Sreenevasan 3.7037 6.0606 0 1.4706

Anwar Ibrahim 33.333 6.0606 5.5556 1.4706Azmin Ali 0 0 0 0

Baru Bian 0 0 0 0

Bernard Dompok 0 0 0 0

Chong Chieng Jen 0 0 0 0

Chua Soi Lek 0 0 1.5873 1.4706

Dzulkefly Ahmad 0 0 0 0

Elizabeth Wong 0 0 0 0

G. Palanivel 0 0 0 0

Hadi Awang 0 6.0606 2.381 4.4118

Hassan Ali 0 0 0 1.4706Hishamuddin Hussein 0 3.0303 3.1746 1.4706

Ibrahim Ali 0 0 0 0

James Masing 0 0 0 0

Jeffrey Kitingan 0 0 0 0

Karpal Singh 14.815 6.0606 7.1429 0

Khalid Ibrahim 18.519 3.0303 0 0

Khalid Samad 0 0 0 0

Lim Guan Eng 11.111 12.121 10.317 5.8824

Lim Kit Siang 0 6.0606 3.1746 0

Liow Tiong Lai 0 0 0.79365 0

Mahathir Mohamad 0 12.121 2.381 4.4118

Maximus Ongkili 0 0 0 0

Mohamad 'Mat' Sabu 0 0 0 1.4706

Muhyiddin Yassin 3.7037 9.0909 9.5238 16.176

Musa Aman 0 0 0.79365 1.4706

Najib Razak 7.4074 18.182 46.032 58.824

Ng Yen Yen 0 6.0606 0 0

Nik Aziz 3.7037 6.0606 3.9683 0

Nizar Jamaluddin 0 0 0 0

Nurul Izzah 0 0 0 0

Rafizi Ramli 0 0 0 0Rosmah Mansur 0 0 0.79365 0

Siti Mariah Mahmud 0 0 0 0

Taib Mahmud 0 0 0.79365 0

Teresa Kok 0 0 0 0

Tian Chua 3.7037 0 0.79365 0

Tony Pua 0 0 0 0

William Mawan 0 0 0 0

Wong Ho Leng 0 0 0 0

Wong Soon Koh 0 0 0 0

Yong Teck Lee 0 0 0.79365 0


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TABLE 9

BN

Attacked 11.1111

Negative 48.4848

Neutral 65.07965

Positive 83.8236

PR

Attacked 85.1854

Negative 45.4543

Neutral 33.33305

Positive 13.2354

Attacked 3.7037

Negative 6.0606

Neutral 1.5873

Positive 2.9412

Independent/Other

TABLE 10

Politician/Political Figure Coalition Percentage

Chua Soi Lek 0

BN 27.7777



Musa Aman 0

Najib Razak 8.3333

Nazri Aziz 2.7778

Taib Mahmud 0


PR 19.4446

Baru Bian 0

Hadi Awang 0

Jeffrey Kitingan 0

Khalid Ibrahim 0

Lim Guan Eng 13.889

Lim Kit Siang 2.7778Nik Aziz 0

Ambiga Sreenevasan 0

Independent 52.7773

Hassan Ali 0

Vox Pop Male 44.444

Vox Pop Female 8.3333

0

0

Percentage(source +attacking)

Public Opinion/Vox PopGeneral

Election CommissionSpokesperson


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TABLE 11

Issues Coverage PI/NPI Coverage

Vision Policies/Programmes 12.705

Policy Issues 26.09291

Environment 0.54645Economy/Development 4.8497

Education 0.54645

Foreign Policy 0.34153

Domestic Policy, Crime & National Security 2.3907

Oppressive Legislation 0.81967

Health 0.13661

Religion 3.7568

Ethnicity 4.1667

30.39613

Religion 1.9126

Democracy & Human Rights 5.4645

Socioeconomic Status 5.8743

Mudslinging 0.95628

Gender 0.61475

Electioneering 11.407

Non-PolicyIssues


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Section 6: Appendix 2 Coding Scheme

1. Politician or Political Figure (Mentioned)

1. Abdul Rahman Dalan

2. Alfred Jabu3. Ambiga Sreenevasan4. Anwar Ibrahim5. Azmin Ali6. Baru Bian7. Bernard Dompok8. Chong Chieng Jen9. Chua Soi Lek10. Dzulkefly Ahmad11. Elizabeth Wong12. G. Palanivel13. Hadi Awang14. Hassan Ali15. Hishamuddin Hussein

16. James Masing17. Jeffrey Kitingan18. Karpal Singh19. Khalid Ibrahim20. Khalid Samad21. Lim Guan Eng22. Lim Kit Siang23. Liow Tiong Lai24. Mahathir Mohamad25. Maximus Ongkili26. Mohamad 'Mat' Sabu27. Muhyiddin Yassin28. Musa Aman

29. Najib Razak30. Ng Yen Yen31. Nik Aziz32. Nizar Jamaluddin33. Nurul Izzah34. Rafizi Ramli35. Rosmah Mansur36. Siti Mariah Mahmud37. Taib Mahmud38. Teresa Kok39. Tian Chua40. Tony Pua41. William Mawan42. Wong Ho Leng

43. Wong Soon Koh44. Yong Teck Lee

2. Politicians or Political Figure (Used as a Source)

1. Ambiga Sreenevasan (Bersih)2. Anwar Ibrahim (PKR)3. Baru Bian4. Chua Soi Lek5. Hadi Awang6. Hassan Ali7. Jeffrey Kitingan8. Khalid Ibrahim9. Lim Guan Eng

10. Lim Kit Siang11. Mahathir Mohamad

12. Muhyiddin Yassin13. Musa Aman14. Najib Razak

15. Nazri Aziz16. Nik Aziz17. Taib Mahmud18. Vox Pop Male19. Vox Pop Female20. Public Opinion/Vox Pop General21. Election Commission Spokesperson

3. Party or Coalition

1. BN (Barisan Nasional)2. DAP (Democratic Action Party)3. Gerakan (Malaysian People's Movement

Party)

4. MCA (Malaysian Chinese Association)5. MIC (Malaysian Indian Congress)6. PAS (Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party)7. PBB (Parti Besaka Bumputera Bersatu)8. PBS (Parti Bersatu Sabah)9. PKR (People's Justice Party)10. PR (Pakatan Rakyat)11. PRS (Sarawak People's Party)12. PRM (Parti Rakyat Malaysia)13. PSM (Parti Sosialis Malaysia)14. SAPP (Sabah Progressive Party)15. SPDP (Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party)16. SUPP (Sarawak United People's Party)

17. UMNO (United Malays National Organisation)18. UPKO (United Pasokmomogun KadazandusunMurut Organisation)

4. Organisations

1. Bersih2. Community-based organisations.3. Democracy- or human rights-oriented

organisations (excluding Bersih)4. Environmentally-oriented organisations5. Ethnicity-oriented organisations6. JATI7. Perkasa8. Professionals organisations9. Religious organisations.10. Trade Unions11. Womens' rights or issues focused organisations.12. Youth or student focused organisations13. Election Commission

5. Policy Issues

1. Vision Policies or Programmes1. 1Malaysia2. GTP (Government Transformation

Programme)3. ETP (Economic Transformation Programme)

4. NKRA (National Key Results Areas)5. NEP/'Bumiputeraism'



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6. PAS's Welfare State7. PKR's Buku Jingga8. NEM (New Economic Model)9. 'Transformasi'10. BN Manifesto11. PR Manifesto12. Other

2. Environment1. Deforestation/Land Rights2. Recycling3. Lynas4. Polluting Industries (non-Lynas)5. Damming Projects6. Other

3. Economy/Development1. Recession2. Welfare3. Unemployment4. Poverty5. Privatisation6. Growth/FDI7. FTA/Globalisation8. Inflation/Price Rises9. Infrastructure10. Housing11. Other

4. Education1. Vernacular Schools2. Access3. PPSMI4. Academic Freedom5. System

6. PTPTN7. Other

5. Foreign Policy1. Western World2. Singapore (Mentions of)3. Singapore (Comparison with)4. China5. India6. Islamic World7. Israel/Palestine8. Indonesia9. Other

6. Domestic Policy, Crime, & National Security1. Immigration2. Illegals/Refugees3. Terrorism (not Lahad Datu)4. Crime5. Lahad Datu Incident6. Other

7. Oppressive Legislation1. ISA (Internal Security Act)2. AUKU/UUCA (Universities and University

Colleges Act 1971)3. Sedition Act

4. PPPA (Printing Presses and Publication Act)5. PAA (Peaceful Assembly Act 2012)

6. SOSMA (Security Offences (SpecialMeasures) Act 2012)

7. Other

8. Health1. 1Care2. Other

9. Religion1. Apostasy2. Islamic State3. Hudud4. Conversion (into Islam)5. 'Allah' issue6. Other

6. Non-Policy Issues

1. Ethnicity1. Malaysia2. Chinese3. Indian/South Asian4. Orang Asli5. Orang Asal, Sabah & Sarawak6. Thai7. Portuguese/Eurasian8. Malay Rights9. Other

2. Religion1. Islam2. Buddhism/Taoism3. Hinduism4. Christianity5. Sikhism

6. Religious Freedom (non-apostasy related)7. Interfaith Dialogue/Unity8. Interfaith Friction9. Other

3. Democracy & Human Rights1. General Corruption2. Electoral Corruption3. Media Freedom4. Electoral Reform5. Electoral Legislation6. 2-Party System7. Protest/Rallies8. Other

4. Socioeconomic Sectors1. Middle Class/Professionals2. Working Class3. Aristocracy/Monarchy4. Civil Service5. Military and Police6. FELDA7. Plantation/Estate Workers8. Chine New Villagers9. Senior Citizens/Retirees10. RELA/Wataniah11. Urban

12. Rural13. Cost of Living



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14. Other

5. Territory1. Kuala Lumpur2. Labuan3. Putrajaya4. Johor5. Kedah

6. Kelantan7. Malacca8. Negeri Sembilan9. Pahang10. Perak11. Perlis12. Penang13. Sabah14. Sarawak15. Selangor16. Terengganu17. Sarawak Independence18. Sabah Independence

6. Mudslinging1. Anwar/Sodomy2. Altantuya3. Rosmah4. Penang CM5. Selangor CM6. NFC7. Arms Deals8. Psy/CNY Concert9. Project IC10. Taib Mahmud and Logging Expose11. Other

7. Gender

1. Sexuality2. Women in politics3. Personal/Private life4. Womens' Issues5. LGBT/Q6. Appearance

7. Sexism8. Other

8. Electioneering1. Event-specific Gifts2. Handouts3. Timely Developments4. Election Promises5. Baby-kissing6. Cybertroopers/Social Media War7. Other

Documents

WtW TV3 Buletin Utama Final