wm&a0 - Myanmar E-Books...udk,fr0wfawmhwJh t0wftpm;awGudk EGrf;yg;wJholqDay;zdkY tcef;udk ½Sif;w,f/ ½Sif;vufpeJY pm½Gufpmwrf;awGudkyg aoaooyfoyf½Sdatmif Nyefvkyfrdw,f

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ESrf;qD ]]ESrf;wpfvHk;eJY qDrNzpfbl;}} ...wJh/ oufBuD;pum; oufi,fBum;NyD; udk,f em;&nf0cJhwmyg/ wpfckck rSm;aeovdkyJ/ OD;wifNidrf; NyefoGm;NyD;wJhaemufrSm udk,fpOf;pm;w,f/ wpfckckudk ... ukd,f½SmawGYvdkufw,f/ bmyJaNymaNymav ... ESrf;wpfvHk;wnf;uvnf; qDNzpfEdkifygw,f/ pm;vdkYawmh r&bl;aygh/ =====_=====

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==========_==========

tcef;(2) ]]rif;wdkY uGefNyLwmacwfBuD;? uGefNyLwmacwfBuD;qdkNyD; odyfratmfeJY .../ uGefNyLwmawGuvnf; trSm;awG ½SdwmyJ}} ]]aBomf ... q&mu uGefNyLwmudka&m uRrf;usifwmvm;}} ]]ruRrf;usifygbl; .../ awmf½Hkwef½HkygyJ .../ 'gayrJh owif;wpfyk'f zwfzl;vdkY}} ]]bmrsm;vJq&m&,f}} ]]touf 104 ESpf ½SdwJh tzGm;BuD;udk uGefNyLwmeJY rlvwef; Nyefwufcdkif;vdkYwJh}} ]][if ... bmNzpfvdkYvJ q&m&JU}} ]]uGefNyLwmrSmu *Pef;udk 99 txdyJ a&wGufEdkifvdkY pm&if;xJrSm ig;ESpforD;yJ NyefNzpfoGm;w,f .../ tJ'gaBumifh rlBudKausmif;wuf&r,fh pm&if;xJ xnfhvdkuf&w,f}} aemufbuf0dkif;rS &,foHrsm; Bum;&onf/ ausmay;xdkifNyD; tat;aomufaeonfh ESif;qkyefvQif NyHK;rdonf/ ]]rif;wdkY &nf;pm;xm;&ifvnf; uGefNyLwmwGuf ... odyfrwGufeJY/ awmfBum 104 ESpf½SdwJh tzGm;BuD;udk ig;ESpforD;xifNyD; apmifhaeOD;r,f}} &,foHrsm; xGufvmNyefonf/ ]]tJ'gqdk &nf;pm;xm;csif&if b,fvdka½G;&rvJ q&m}} ]]ylazmif;eJYwlwJh rdef;rudk r,leJY}} ]]bmNzpfvdkYvJq&m .../ 0wdkwdk NzpfaevdkYvm;}} ]]r[kwfwmuGm .../ Oyrm aNymwmyg}} ]]em;r½Sif;bl;q&m}} ]]aBomf .../ ylazmif;uuGm ... tay:,Hwif;NyD; rmausmaew,f/ txJrSmu avyJ½SdNyD; BunfhvdkYvJ rNrif&bl;}} ]]bmvJ .. txJudk BunfhvdkY Nrif&wJh rdef;rudkyJ ,l&rSmaygh .../ [kwfvm;}} ]]at; ...}} ]]tm ... q&muvJ}}

]]a[haumif ... npfwD;npfywfawG avQmufrawG;eJY/ aNymwmudkvnf; qHk;atmif em;axmifOD;}} ]]'gNzifh aNymavq&m}} ]]ZmNcifaxmifeJYwlwJh rdef;rudk ,luG/ ylazmif;vdk tydwfBuD; r[kwfbl;/ taygufuav;awGeJY .../ Bunfh&if Nrif&w,f/ 'gayrJh wefzdk;BuD;w,f}} ]]q&mu ... twGif;pdwf? twGif;obm0udk aNymaewmvm;}} ]]qdkygawmh ...}} ]]t[D; ... rqdk;ygbl; ../ b,folaNymoGm;wJh tqdktrdefYvJ q&m}} ]]za&mzufqm .... csufBuD;aNymwm}} ]]b,fEdkifiHuvJ q&m .../ emrnfuvnf; csufBuD;wJh .../ Nrefrmqefvdkufwm}} ]]at; .../ wdkY½Gmu csufBuD;emrnfudk olu aumfyD,lxm;wm aerSmaygh}} ESif;qk rouFmovdk NzpfoGm;NyD; ... rodrom apmif;iJhBunfhrdonf/ vm;vm; ... csufBuD;rS csufBuD; tppfaygh .../ ]]aBomf ... 'if;udk;}} xdkcsufBuD;qdkawm owå0guvnf; tawmfyg;&nfeyf&nf ½Sdavonf/ ESif;qk rodromav; apmif;iJhBunfhvdkufwmudk &atmifNrifoGm;onf/ ]]aBomf ...}} olYEIwfrSvnf; wtHhwBoa&½GwfoH xGufvmonf/ olESifh pum;aNymaeaom vli,fudk ... ]]uJ uJ ... oGm;awmh? oGm;awmh a[haumif .../ ig vkyfp&mav;awG ½Sdao;w,f}} ]][if ... ckeuawmh uRefawmfhudk ysif;vkdYqdkNyD; ac:xm;NyD;}} ]]at; .../ tck aysmfoGm;NyD .../ rif; oGm;vdkY&NyD}} xdkvli,f tlaBumifaBumifESifh qdkifxJrS xxGufoGm;&onf/ ya&mfzufqm csufBuD;u ESif;qk\ pm;yGJodkY avQmufvmum ... ]]t[rf; ... t[rf;}} ESif;qku rxl;qef;ovdk armhBunfh&if; ... ]]aBomf ... [dkwpfaeYu csufBuD;ygvm;}}

olYvufxJrS udkifvmaom aumfzDcGufudk pm;yGJay:csí ydkifpdk;ydkifeif; 0ifxdkifonf/ NyD; ... ]]uRefawmfh emrnf opfrif;vlyg}} ]]vkyfraeygeJY½Sif .../ csufBuD;u csufBuD;aygh}} ]]r[kwfygbl;/ uRefawmfhemrnf opfrif;vlyg}} ]]csufBuD;vl .../ [kwfvm; ]]opfrif;vlyg/ r,Hk&if uwfNym;udk Bunfhyg}} olYtdwfxJrS uwfNym;udk xkwfay;onf/ ESif;qku rBunfhcsif BunfhcsifNzifh Bunfhvdkuf\/ emrnfuvnf; opfrif;vl/ "gwfyHkuvnf; 'DrsufESmyJ Nzpf\/ usefaom tcsuftvufrsm;udk rsufpdxJ vQyfNrifvdkufonf/ ]][if .../ ½Sifu o½kyfNyq&m .../ [kwfvm;}} ]][kwfygw,f}} ]]t&ifu rNrifzl;ygvm;}} ]]e,fuaNymif;vmwm rBumao;vdkYyg}} ]]Bumawmh bmNzpfrvJ}} ]]Bumawmhvnf; uRefawmhudk vlawG NyefarhukefrSmaygh}} 'DvlESifh pum;aNym&wm &,fawmh &,f&onf/ ]]'gqdk a&mufrvmwmaum ta&mufBumwmaum bmxl;rSmvJ}} ][kwfuJh/ uRefawmfhvdk ylaEG;aEG; vwfvwfqwfqwfuav;u taumif;qHk;yg]}} ]]'Dr,f udkcsufBuD;}} ]]uRefawmfhemrnf opfrif;vlyg}} ]]uRefruawmh ½Sifhudk udkcsufBuD;vdkYyJ ac:r,f}} ]]tJ'DemrnfudkrS oabmusw,fqdk&ifvnf; ac:yg rcsufBuD;}} ]]uRefremrnf rcsufBuD; r[kwfbl;}}

]]cifAsm;yJ ckeuaNymawmh tJ'Demrnfudk oabmusw,fqdk}} ]]uRefru ½SifYtwGuf aNymwm½Sifh}} ]]uRefawmfuvnf; cifAsm;twGufyJ aNymwmyg .../ wNcm; oabmuswJhvlawG rSnfhygapaygh}} ]]'Dr,f .... uRefr emrnf}} aNymrnfvkyfNyD;rS raNymawmhbJ EIwfudk tcsdefrDydwfvdkufEdkifonf/ odkYaomf olu qufaNymonf/ ]]ESif;qkyef ... vdkY aNymrvdkYvm;}} ]]aBomf .../ ½Sifu odaewmudk;}} ]][kwfuJh .../ ckawmh uRefawmhfemrnfvnf; cifAsm; odoGm;NyDaemf .../ uRefawmfhemrnf opfrif;vl}} xkdokdYaNymNyD; aumfzDzdk;½Sif;um xoGm;avonf/ ESif;qk NyHK;wrJhrJhESifh usef&pfcJh\/ aemufydkif;awmh ausmif;rSm rBumcP owdxm;rdvmonf/ oluvnf; ESif;qk\ teD;ywf0ef;usifodkY a&mufa&mufvmwwfonf/ Bumawmh tNcm;aom q&m? q&mrrsm;u &dyfrdvmonf/ vdkufzufnDonfh pHkwGJtNzpf olwdkYudk wGef;ydkYBuonf/ opfrif;vlu azmfa½Goabmaumif;olNzpfoNzifh vlcspfvlcifrsm;NyD; ... e,frS olYrdbrsm;uvnf; pD;yGm;a&;awmifhwif;Buonf/ ESif;qkwdkYavmuf rcsrf;omaomfvnf; olaX;pm&if;xJ ygonf/ opfrif;vludkaum ywf0ef;usifudkyg a&½SnfBuD; ESif;qk rwif;rmEdkifcJhyg/ wNznf;Nznf; vlcsif;uvnf; &if;ESD;aeNyD/ wpfaeYrSm opfrif;vlu ESif;qkudk pmwpfapmifay;onf/ ]]'g ... bmpmvJ}} ]],loGm;vdkufyg .../ &nf;pm;pm}} ]]txJrSm bmawG a&;xm;vJ}} ]]bmrS a&;rxm;bl;}} ]]bmvJ½Sifh .../ ½Sifuvnf; vkyfvdkuf&if txl;tqef;BuD;yJ}} ]],loGm;NyD; tdrfusrS zGifhzwfvdkuf&if oabmaygufoGm;vdrfhr,f}} tdrfa&mufNyD; zGifhazmufBunfhawmh ... olaNymonfhtwdkif;yif pmu bmrSa&;rxm;/ odkYaomf ... pmtdyf yef;Eka&mif aemufcHrSm aumifav;wpfa,mufu aumifrav;wpfa,mufudk erf;aeaom yHk&dyfygonf/ ESif;qk oabmaygufovdk NzpfoGm;onf/ aemufoHk;vcefYtBumrS ...

]]a&mh .../ 'Dpmu ½SifhtwGuf}} ]]Nyefpmvm;/ txJrSm bma&;xm;vJ}} ]]bmrS a&;rxm;bl;}} ESif;qk NyefpmrSmvnf; bmrS a&;rxm;yg/ odkYaomf pm½Gufu tNyma&mifav;/ aemufcHyHk&dyfu vSyaom yef;av;wyGifh .../ olwdkY ESpfa,muf cspfolawG NzpfoGm;Buavonf/

0-0-0-0

(&yfuGufxJu vlawG aNymovdk aNym&&ifawmh ..)

olwdkYESpfa,muf ... tJ'DrSm pawGYBuawmhwmygyJ/

raeYu rif;aNymcJhwJh pum;av;awGudkvnf; NyefNyD; Bum;csifaew,f .../ reufNzef rif;aNymr,fh pum;awGudkvnf; BudKNyD; Bum;csifaew,f .../ a':Nrav;uawmh ]aNymudk raNymcsifbl;} vdkYaNymwmyJ .../ cufygayghuG,f .../

opfrif;vl + ESif;qkyef (pm<uif; ... q&mOD;om;BuD;uawmh bmrS raNymyg/)

==========_==========

tcef;(3) cspfolawG NzpfvmBuawmhvnf; olwdkYESpfa,mufu rcGJpwrf; ...? wyl;yl;wwGJwGJ ½SdvmcJhBuonf/ tay;t,lrQaom orD;&nf;pm;pHkwGJtNzpf ... tm;vHk;uvnf; tm;usonf/ ESif;qkudk olu ]ESif;} [kac:onf/ ESif;qkuawmh olYudk ½dk;½dk;wef;wef; ]armif} [kac:ygonf/ ]]armif}} ]][if}} ]]ESif;qkudk pawGYawmh armif b,fvdk cHpm;&vJ}} ]]olrsm; csDxm;wJh uav;udk trSwfrxif qGJ,lcsDrdovdk cHpm;&w,f}} ]][m ... bmqdkifvdkYvJ}} ]]'Dvdkav .../ olrsm;csDxm;wJh uav;udk vmygOD;qdkNyD; trSwfrxif qGJcsDvdkufwm ... uav;u ½SL;½SL;yef;awmh &ifbwfrSm ylceJ aEG;ceJ NzpfoGm;w,f}} ]]aBomf .. aBomf/ ESif;qku armifh &ifudk ylapw,faygh}} ]][kwfw,f/ NyD;awmh ... zHk;r& uG,fr&vnf; Nzpfapw,f/ &ifbwfrSm ao;uGufBuD;eJY .../ uav; ½SL;½SL;qdkayr,fh wcsKdUu awmfawmfeHwm}} ]]awmfawmh ... awmfawmh .../ aNymaewm taumif;wpfuGufrS rygbl;}} ]]b,folrS ray;wJh OyrmrsKd;udk ay;Bunfhwmyg/ [J[J ...}} ]]armifuawmhav BuHBuHzefzef}} armifu cspfzdkY tvGefaumif;ygonf/ armifESifh pum;aNymae&wmudkvnf; aysmfonf/ armifhudk xdef;csKyf&? qHk;r&onfuawmh armonf/ wpfcgwpfcg armifu bmrSef;rod .../ tif;vsm;uefapmif;\ naecif;wpfckrSm Nzpf\/ oli,fcsif;Nzpfolu ESif;qkudk tvefYwBum; vSrf;Ny\/ ]][Jh ... [Jh ESif;qk ... Bunfhprf; .../ [dkrSm ... udkopfrif;BuD; r[kwfvm;}} oli,fcsif;r nTefNy&mudk vSrf;Bunfhawmh ... ]][,f .. [kwfyg&JU/ armifygvm; .../ bmvkyfaewmvnf; rodbl;}} ]]rodbl;av}} armifuawmh olrwdkYudk rNrifyg/ trsKd;orD;wpfa,mufaemuf vdkufaeonf/ trsKd;orD;u armifhudk vSnfhí aumwmudkvnf; Nrif&onf/ armif bmNyefaNymonfrod .../ trsKd;orD;u qufavQmufoGm;onf/

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]]ESpfbufrdbawGuvnf; Niif;p&m½Sdaewm r[kwfbJ ESif;&,f .../ udk,fwdkY touft½G,fawGuvnf; tdrfaxmifNyKoifhNyD}} ]]r[kwfbl;aemf armif/ ESif; pOf;pm;aewmu owfowfwpfck}} ]][if ... bmrsm;vJ}} ]]tdrfaxmifNyKNyD;&if ESif; uav;r,lcsifbl;}} ]]tvdk ... bmNzpfvdkYvJ}} ]]bmvdkYrS r[kwfbl;/ rvdkcsifbl;}} ESif;qk\ oabmxm;udk armifu b0ifrusvSyg/ odkYaomf tacstwifaNymNyD;onfh aemufqHk;rSm ol acgif;ndwf½Smygonf/ xdkodkYNzifh ... olwdkY vufxyfcJhBu\/

==========_==========

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]]udk,fwdkifa&; ema&;aBumfNim}}

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==========_==========

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==========_==========

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==========_==========

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==========_==========

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There are three things to beware of: The hoof of a horse, the horn of a bull

and the smile of the lady. owdxm;&r,fht&m oHk;ck½Sdw,f/ tJ'gawGuawmh Nrif;wpfaumif&JU cGm&,f? EGm;odk;wpfaumif&JU OD;csKd&,f? rdef;rysKdwpfa,muf&JU tNyHK;&,fwJh .../ xdkpmom;udk zwfNyD; rsufESmwnfoGm;onf/ NyD;rS ... cyfNznf;Nznf; NyHK;vmonf/ xkdtNyHK;u tvGefvSavonf/

~~~~~~~~~~%%%%%~~~~~~~~~~

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]]at; .../ udk,fvmcJhr,f}} ]]'gNzifh uRefr oGm;awmhr,f}} ]]tdkau}} opfrif;vlvnf; pmoif0dkif;½Sd&m tdrfqDodkY a&mufoGm;NyD; oifcef;pmawGudk pdwfygvufyg ydkYcsaevdkuf\/ ydkYcscsuf NyD;qHk;cgeD;tcsdefrSm wynfhrav;wpfa,mufu (rSwfcsuf/ tm;vHk;u wynfhrav;awGcsnf; Nzpfonf/) ... ]]q&m}} ]]aNym}} ]]uRefawmf rodvdkY ar;wmaemf}} xkduav;ru olYudk,fol uRefawmf[k oHk;EIef;onf/ (udk,fuawmh udk,fhudk,fudk uRefr[k NyefroHk;EIef;Edkifyg) ]]ar;}} ]]oifcef;pmeJYawmh rqdkifbl;aygh q&m&,f/ 'gayrJh q&mhudk tazvdk oabmxm;NyD; wdkifyifwmyg}} ]]at;yg .../ aNym}} ]]EdkifiHNcm;rSm½SdwJh orD;&JU tefwDav;qDu pmvmw,f/ orD;u t½G,fa&mufNyDwJh/ 'gayrJh ynma&;udk tm½HkpdkufygwJh/ r½dk;rom;pum;qdkvmwJh aumifav;awGqdk *smrefpum;eJY wkefYNyefvdkufygwJh}} ]]tif;}} ]]orD;urS *smrefpum; rwufyJ/ orD;udk &nf;pm;pum; vmaNymwJh aumifav;uvnf; *smrefvdkaNym&if odrSmrS r[kwfyJ/ tefwDav;&JU qdkvkd&if;t"dyÜg,fudk orD; rodbl;/ q&menf;enf;½Sif;ay;ygvm;}} ol ... NyHK;rdonf/ (xkdokdYaom NyóemrsKd;uvnf; ½Sdonf/) ]]'Dvdk ... orD;&JU}} ]][kwfuJh}} ]]*smrefpum;udk aNymifysufowfrSwfBuwJh tcsufwpfcsuf½Sdw,f}} ]][kwfuJh}} ]]odrfodrfarGYarGYeJY olrsm;&JU rsufESmudk wHawG;pifatmif aNymEdkifwm *smrefbmompum;wJh}}

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]]tJ'Dhawmh ...}} ]]ightxif aNym&&ifawmh ...}} ]]tif;}} ]]rif;awmh tar&duwdkufem;udk a&mufaeNyD}}

~~~~~~~~~~______~~~~~~~~~~~

tcef;(10) aumifrav;ESifh awGU&rnfhqDudk aZmfvGifOD;u vdkufcsifonf[k qdkonf/ olu twif;Niif;xkwfae&onf/ ac:oGm;&onfu ta&;rBuD;/ bmu ta&;BuD;ovJqdkwmudkawmhvnf; aNym&cufonf/ olu aumifrav;ESifh vGwfvyfat;aq;pGm pum;aNymvdkNcif; Nzpfonf/ avmavmq,frSm b,folYudkrS rac:csifao;/ xdkYtNyif aZmfvGifOD;u rdef;uav;rsm;ESifh ywfoufvmvQif EIwftmoGufvGef;aomaBumifhvnf; Nzpfonf/ tpGef;rvGwfaom pum;rsKd; ygoGm;vQif aumifrav;u wpfrsKd;wpfrnf xifoGm;Edkifonf/ udk,fhudkvnf; txifao;oGm;Edkifonf/ ½Sdcgp &if;ESD;qufoG,frIav; NywfawmufoGm;vQif raumif;/ ]]bmvJ .../ aumifrav;u rif;udk rBudKufbJ ighudkBudKufoGm;rSm pdk;vdkYvm;}} ]]rqdkifygbl;/ b,folYudkrS BudKufp&mrvdkbl;/ tJ'DvdkudpörsKd;twGuf oGm;rSmrS r[kwfbJ}} ]]'gNzifh ... bmudpövJ}} ]]rif; em;rvnfygbl;}} ]]'gNzifhvnf; NyD;a&m .../ rif;rac:csif&ifvnf; ig twif;rvdkufawmhygbl; udkvHbwfpf&,f}} xdkxdkaNymNyD; aZmfvHbwfpfu pdwfaumufonf/ olYbmomolvnf; nnf;wGm;ygao;onf/ ]]at;av .../ iguvnf; &nf;pm;rsm;wmudk; .../ rdef;uav;awGeJY ywfouf&if rif; b,fpdwfcsyghrvJ/ trSefawmh iguvnf; &nf;pm;wpfa,mufwnf;eJY tdrfaxmifusoifhwm}} ]]bmvkdY ruswmvJ}} ]]tJ'D &nf;pm;udk ½Smaewmav .../ 13 a,mufaNrmufvm;/ 14 a,mufaNrmufvm;vdkY}} ]]&nf;pm;taBumif;aNymwmudk arsmufawG? vm;awGu yg&ao;w,f}} ]]'geJY ... aeygOD;uG/ tJ'Daumifrav;u vSvm;}} ]]tif;}} ]]awmfawmfvSvm;}} ]]tif;}} ]]tJ'gqdk&ifawmh &nf;pm;½SdNyD;om; NzpfrSmyg}} ]]'gawmh raNymwwfbl;}} ]]tcsdefwef&ifawmh rif;vnf; aNymwwfvmrSmyg/ tJ'D aumifrav;u rif;udk oifay;rSmyg}}

]]rif;uvnf; tJ'Dbufucsnf; awG;aewmyJ/ ESvHk;om;udk ½dk;om;ygapuGm}} olESifh tacstwif aNz½Sif;ae&aomaBumifh aumifrav;qD oGm;&wmyif twefi,f aemufusoGm;onf/ qdkifudka&mufawmh aumifrav;u BudKa&mufaeNyD/ axmifhbufu pm;yGJwpfvHk;rSm wpfa,mufwnf; xdkifaeonf/ ausmay;xm;Ncif;Nzpfaomfvnf; onfwpfcgawmh opfrif;vlu rSwfrdygNyD/ aumifrav; tNymvGifvGif 0rf;qufqifwlESifh ausmv,fcefY½Snfaom qHEG,frQifrsm;udk zm;vsm;csvmNyD; ewforD;av;wpfyg;vdk vSaeonf/ olr\ eHab;pm;yGJ0dkif;rS vli,fav;a,muf aumifrav;udk rBum;wBum; aemufaeBuonf/ aumifrav;uawmh olwdkYudk *½kvnf;rpdkuf? pdwfvnf; r0ifpm;/ olYbmom awGai;aeonf/ ]]a&mufaewm BumNyDvm;}} aumifrav;u olYudk armhBunfhNyD; NyHK;oefYoefYNzifh ... ]]rBumao;ygbl;}} ol a&mufvmoNzifh ab;0dkif;rS aumifav;awG t½SdefowfoGm;onf/ tuJcwfovdk wpfcsufBunfhBuNyD; pum;vrf;aBumif; aNymif;oGm;Buonf/ aumifrav;udk tptaemuf rvkyfBuawmh/ olYrSmom Nyóem/ b,fupí pum;aNym&rnfrSef; rod .../ aNymp&mtaBumif;vnf; r,fr,f&&r½Sd? aumifrav;u t&ifar;onf/ ]]bmaomufrSmvJ}} olruawmh tdkufpfu&ifwpfcGuf rSmxm;onf/ ]]odw,f .../ olwdkYbmomodw,f}} aNym&if;wef;vef;rSmyif pm;yGJxdk;aumifav;u tdkif;&pfaumfzDwpfcGuf vmcsonf/ aumfzDudkarTNyD; tenf;i,f Nrnf;Bunfhvdkufonf/ NyD;rS ... ]][dkwpfaeYu xD;uav; Nyefay;wmudk t&rf;aus;Zl;wifw,f/ xD;u trSwfw& vufaqmif&xm;wJh xD;rdkYyg/ aysmufoGm;&if tpm;xdk;vdkY r&awmhbl;}} aumifrav;u &,foHoJhoJhNzifh NyefaNymonf/ ]]'Davmuf nTef;ae&ifawmh tJ'DhxD;udk vufaqmifay;wJh olu aumifrav;yJ Nzpfr,f}} ]][kwfw,f .../ tck udk,fhtrsKd;orD;av}} ]]½Sif}} ]]ukd,fhcspfol? udk,fZeD;r,m;vdkY aNymwm}}

]]aBomf .../ aumif;wmaygh/ cspfolcsif; nm;wmudk;}} opfrif;vl rnfodkYaNym&rnfrSef; rodawmh/ olwdkY tdrfaxmifa&; tqifraNywm BumNyD/ ]]xD;uav;udkawmif 'Davmufwefzdk;xm;w,fqdkawmh ... tpfudkYtrsKd;orD;udk tpfudk t&rf;cspfrSmyJaemf}} ]]tif; .../ cspfwmayg}} ]]ol ... uHaumif;wmayghaemf}} oufNyif;csrdonf/ trSefwu,fqdk bmqufaNym&rnfrSef; rodawmhyg/ olYudk pum;wwfonf/ pum;aNymaumif;onf[k csD;usL;Buygonf/ tckawmh qGYHtaerdNyD/ rxl;awmhygbl; oabmxm;NyD; olaNymcsifwmawGudk avQmufaNymvdkufawmh\/ ]]udk,fwdkYcsif;u wuúodkvfrSm awGUwmav/ cspfvdkY ,lcJhBuwJh vifr,m;ygyJ/ ckeu xD;udkvnf; t"dyÜg,fwpfckeJY ol vufaqmifay;cJhwm .../ aeylyl rdk;½Gm½Gm udk,fhab;rSm ol ½Sdaer,fh oabmaygh}} ]]tckawmh ...}} ]]tdrfrSm}} &,fNzpfBuonf/ qufqH&wm vG,fuloGm;ovdk cHpm;&onf/ ]]olu tpfudkYudk Edkifvm;}} ]]tJ'Dvdk&,fawmhvnf; r[kwfygbl;/ yHkrSefygyJ .../ orD;&nf;pm; b0rSmuwnf;u olu enf;enf; Nyóem½Smwwfw,f}} ]]b,fvdk½SmwmvJ}} ]]olYudk b,fwkef;u pcspfovJwJh}} ]]tif;}} ]]awGYawGUcsif; cspfwmvdkY}} ]]tif;}} ]]tJ'gudk pdwfqdk;w,fav}} ]][if .../ bmNzpfvkdYvJ}} ]]rNrifbl;? rawGUbl;&if olYudk rcspfbl;ayghwJh/ Nyóem½Smw,f}}

aumifrav; &,favonf/ tawmfvSonfh aumifrav;[k todtrSwfNyKrdonf/ ESif;ESifh rwdrf;r,drf; vSavonf/ ]]aemufNyD; udk,f&nf;pm;pum;aNymawmhvnf; olu odyfaysmfyHk r&bl;}} ]]tm ... rdef;uav;yJ/ £aÈ´xdef;rSmaygh}} ]]TV aBumfNimxJu rif;orD;qdk&if rqvmwpfxkwf&wmawmif aysmfaevdkufwm}} ]]t[if; ... tpfudkuvnf;}} bm&,fr[kwfbJ olwdkY\ pum;0dkif;uav;u oGufvmonf/ aumifrav;u ... ]]uRefrxifygw,f/ tpfudkwdkY&JU tdrfaxmifa&;u aysmfp&m aumif;rSmyg}} ]]tpuawmh tJ'DvdkyJ}} ]][if; .../ tck b,fvdkNzpfvdkYvJ}} ]]bm&,fr[kwfygbl;uGm ... 'DvdkygyJ/ rwlnDwmav;awG ½Sdvmw,faygh}} ]]n§daygh tpfudk&JU}} ]]nF§dwmyJ .../ r&ygbl;}} ]]aBomf ... tcsdefuav; enf;enf;apmifhyg tpfudk&JU}} ol bmrS qufraNymawmhbJ Nidrfaevdkufonf/ aumifrav;uvnf; NidrfoGm;onf/ twefBumrS olu ... ]][dk'if;rSm &nf;pm;awG bmawG r½Sdbl;vm;}} ]]b,frSm ... bm [dk'if; qdkwmu ...}} ]][dkav ... nDrav;udk aNymwm}} ]]udk,fhudk BudKufwJh olawGawmh ½Sdwmaygh}} ]]at; ... at;/ udk,fhtNrifaNym&&if tcspfqdkwm uAsm½SnfBuD;wpfyk'feJY wlw,f/}} ]]bmNzpfvdkYvJ}} ]]uAsmawmh uAsmayghuG,f}} ]]tif;}}

]]uAsm½SnfBuD; Nzpfaeawmh tp pmvHk;eJY tqHk;pmvHk;u a0;uGmvGef;w,f}} olYpum;tqHk;rSm aumifrav;uvnf; tawG;opfwpfckck &oGm;ovdk NidrfoufoGm;onf/ xdktcsdefrSmyJ olwdkY0dkif;qDodkY vli,fwpfa,muf a&mufvmonf/ aumifrav;udk ½Tef;½Tef;pm;pm; BunfhNyD; ... ]]*spfwl; r[kwfvm;}} ]]½Sif}} ]]*spfwl; r[kwfvm;vdkY}} ]]r[kwfygbl;}} ]]tm .. [kwfygw,f *spfwl;yg/ *spfwl;uvnf; aemufaeNyefNyD}} ]]r[kwfygbl;½Sif/ ½Sif ... vlrSm;aewmyg}} ]]tm ... *spfwl;&m/ 'DvleJY 'Dvl rSm;p&mrS r[kwfwm}} ]]cpf ... cpf .../ ½Sif vlrSm;aeygw,fqdk/ 'ku©ygyJ .../ b,fu *spfwl;vJ rodygbl;}} [dkbufu vli,f tlaBumifaBumif Nzpfae\/ olu 0ifaNymvkdufonf/ ]]nDav; ... vlrSm;vdkY Nzpfygvdrfhr,fuGm}} ]][kwf ... [kwfuJh/ aqm ... aqm&D; tpfudk}} acgif;ukwfNyD; xGufoGm;onf/ xGufomoGm;onf/ tifwifwif rsufESmESifhNzpf\/ *dk;orm;r½Sdaom *dk;aygufxJudk aoaocsmcsm uefoGif;umrS 'dkifvlBuD; 0ifzrf;onfudk cH&ovdk rausrcsrf; NyefvSnfhoGm;Ncif;Nzpfonf/ xdkYaBumifh olu aumifrav;\ emrnftrSefudk rar;yg/ aumifrav;uvnf; raNymyg/ oluyJ em;vnfrI,lvdkufonf/ ]]nDrav; emrnfudk udk,frar;bl;}} ]][kwfuJh}} ]]'Dtwdkif;yJ qufqHBuwmaygh}} ]]aumif;w,f/ 'gayrJh wpfa,mufudk wpfa,muf b,fvdk ac:BurvJ}} ]]tpfudkeJY nDraygh}}

]]atmufvdkufwm}} ]]tif}} ]]'gayrJh 'Dtwdkif;yJ aumif;ygw,f/ tpfudkeJY nDrt½G,fyJ[m .../ wpfckawmh½Sdw,f .../ udkudk vdkYawmh rac:bl;/ rac:Edkifbl;}} ]]tpfudkuvnf; rif;udk uav;a&vdkY rac:Edkifbl;aemf}} &,fNzpfBuonf/ bmyJaNymaNym olwdkYbmom olwdkYawmh uD;udkufaeBu\/ ]]ckeu aumifav;udk odvm;}} *spfwl;[k vmar;aom aumifav;udk olu Nyefar;Ncif;Nzpf\/ ]]rodygbl;/ 'grsKd;awG ½dk;aeygNyD}} ]]b,fvdk ...}} ]]vlrSm;csifa,mifaqmifNyD; vmuyfw,f/ uRefru ½SifaNymwJhol r[kwfygbl;½Sif? b,folygqdkNyD; ... EIwfuxGufoGm;&if olwdkYu emrnfrSwfxm;vdkufa&m}} ]]aBomf ... 'Dvkdvm;/ 'grsKd;awG ½SdrSef; odawmif rodbl;}} ]]uRefrwdkYuawmh BuHKzl;aygif; rsm;ygaygh}} [kwfygvdrfhr,f .../ onfae&mrSmawmh a,musfm;av;ESifh rdef;uav; uGmoGm;onf/ udk,fhudkawmh b,frdef;uav;urS vmvlrrSm;yg/ emrnfvnf; rar;yg .../ ]]wcsKdUaumifav;awGqdk&if aygawmawmeJY}} ]]bmNzpfvdkYvJ}} ]]aumifav;wpfa,mufqdk *spfuefuefyHkpHeJY uRefrudk vmaNymw,fav .../ eif ighudk rcspf&bl;wJh}} ]]aBomf .. tif; ...}} ]]rcspf&bl;qdkrS cspfrdvdrfhr,fvdkY xifovm; rodbl;/ uRefruvnf; Nywfom;ygh/ ESpfvHk;xJ NyefaNymvdkufw,f/ pdwfcs ... vdkY}} ]]tck tJ'Daumifav;aum}} ]]wNcm; &nf;pm;&oGm;NyD}} ]]tJ'Daumifrav;udk ol ... &nf;pm;pum;aNymawmhvnf; tJ'Dhtwdkif;yJvm;}}

]]raNymwwfbl;}} aumifrav;u csifhcsdefrdaom trlt&mNzifh qufaNymonf/ ]]uRefr ckcsdefxd &nf;pm;r½Sdbl;/ oli,fcsif;awGu aemufBuw,f/ 'gayrJh uRefruvnf; udk,fht,ltqeJY udk,f}} ]]at; .. aNymygOD;/ Bum;csifw,f}} ]]tpfudk yef;csDNyyGJawGudk oGm;Bunfhzl;rSmyg/ abmifb,favmufaumif;aumif; yef;csDum;u raumif;&if tvum;qdkwm tpfudk odrSmyg}} ]]odygw,f}} ]]tJ'DvdkyJaygh/ wcsKdUaumifav;awGu rdef;uav;wpfa,mufudk csOf;uyfwJhae&mrSm abmifaumif;zdkYyJ BudK;pm;Buw,f/ yef;csDum;aumif;zdkY rBudK;pm;Bubl;}} ]]tif; .../ udk,f oabmaygufw,f}} ]]'Dt½G,frSm cspfol&nf;pm; ½SdoifhNyDqdkwmudk uRefr rltm;Nzifh oabmwlygw,f/ 'gayrJh vltm;Nzifh oabmwlzdkY vdkao;w,fav .../ uRefrrS rBudKufwm}} ]]tif; .../ tJ'gvnf; [kwfwmyJ}} tNyifrSm rdk;½GmvmNyD .../ em&Dudk rodrom Bunfhrd\/ udk,fhtwGuf tcsdefodyfr½SdawmhNyD/ odkYaomf aumifrav;uvnf; pum;aNymum t½Sdef&aeonf/ ]]tJ'DudpöawGeJY ywfowf&if uRefru *E¨m&D c&D;oGm;rSmyJ}} ol&,frdonf/ ]]bmvJ .../ um;BuD;eJY ... awGudk Ncif;vdkufwifNyD; oGm;rSmvm;/ NyD; .. NrdKUpGefa&mufawmh o&JaNcmufw,fqdkNyD; NyefauGUvmav}} ]]uRefru tJ'Dvdk aygawmawm rvkyfbl;½Sifh}} ]]aNymygOD;}} ]]tcspfeJY ywfowf&if uRefru *E¨m&D c&D;oGm;rSmyJ/ uRefrrSm vdyfpmu'f r½Sdbl;/ uRefrqDudk b,folurS a&mufatmif vmzdkY rvG,fbl;}} awmfawmf raconfh aumifrav;Nzpf\/ ol oabmusygonf/ udk,fhnDrav;NzpfvQif aumif;rnf[kvnf; awG;rdygonf/ cufonfu tcsdefodyfr½Sdawmh/ aumifrav;udk pum;NzwfzdkY&muvnf; cufaeonf/ aemufNyD; aumifrav; b,fvkdNyefrnf rod/ vdkufydkYay;&vQif

cufNyD .../ odkYaomf ... aumifrav;u BudKaNymygonf/ ]]uRefru tcsdefodyfr&awmhbl;/ rdk;uvnf; aumif;aew,f}} ]]tif; .../ udk,fvnf; oGm;&awmhr,f/ tcsdefuyfaeNyD}} ]]pmoif&awmhr,fhtcsdef uyfaeNyD r[kwfvm;/ odygw,f q&mopfrif;vl&,f}} ]][if ... udk,hfudk odw,f/ [kwfvm;}} ]]'Davmuf emrnfBuD;wJholudk rodbJ aerSmvm;}} ]]b,fwkef;u odwmvJ}} ]]cpf ... cpf .../ raeYurS r*¾Zif;xJrSm "gwfyHkeJY aBumfNimudk awGUvdkufawmhrS}} ]]tJ'gudk wGJrSwfrdw,f/ [kwfvm; .../ "gwfyHkxJrSmu vl½kyfvHk; odyfruGJygbl;}} ]]odawmh odomygw,f/ xyfaNym&OD;rvm;}} ]]bmudk xyfaNymOD;rSmvJ}} ]]yxrqHk; pawGUwJhaeYuwnf;u tpfudk xD;,lNyD;toGm;rSm pm½Gufwpf½Guf NyKwfuscJhao;w,f/ tJ'Dpm½Gufay:rSm tpfudkY wHqdyfwHk; ½dkufxm;w,fav}} ]]aBomf}} ]]uJ ... tpfudk oGm;Bu&atmif/ tcsdef odyfr½Sdawmhbl;/ uRefr ½Sif;vdkufr,f}} ]][ifhtif; ... tpfudk½Sif;ygr,f/ rif;½Sif;&ifvnf; pm;yGJxdk;awGu ,lBurSm r[kwfbl;/ udk,fu 'DqdkifrSm xdkifaeusav/ udk,fhpum;udkyJ em;axmifBurSm}} odyfrNiif;vdkuf&yg/ aumifrav;u bmrS qufraNymawmh/ wpfckawmh pOf;pm;p&m NzpfoGm;onf/ aumifrav;u aiGaBu;csrf;omonf[k xif&onf/ (tcsdeftcgt& odonf/ cHpm;í&onf/ bmaBumifh bwfpfum;pD;aeonfvJqdkwmudkawmh raNymwwf) at;av ... udk,fvnf; bwfpfum;pD;aeonfyJ/ olu csrf;omvdkí r[kwf/ NynfhpHkatmif aexkdifvdkNcif;om Nzpfon/ aumifrav;uvnf; xdkaom rdom;pkwnf;u NzpfEdkifonf/ aiG½Sif;NyD;csdefrSm olu ... ]]uJ ... oGm;Bur,f}}

]]oGm;ESifh}} ]][if}} ]]oGm;ESifh}} ]]bmNzpfvdkY aecJhrSmvJ}} aumifrav;u &,fonf/ ]]uRefrudkusawmh ulr,fhol r½Sdbl;}} ]]bmNzpfvdkYvJ}} ]]bwfpfum;ay:rSm xD;arhusefcJhw,f½Sifh}} ]]a&mf}} tcsdefu r½SdawmhNyDNzpfí rdk;twdwfudk ol aeray;Edkifyg/ xdkYaBumifh .. ]]uJ ... vm .../ udk,fhxD;udkyJ twlaqmif;NyD; um;rSwfwdkif oGm;Bur,f}} &J&ifhyGifhvif;aom xdkrdef;uav;uvnf; olESifhtwl xD;wpfvufwnf;aqmif;NyD; um;rSwfwdkifudk vdkufcJhygonf/ rdk;awGu oJoJrJrJ .../ xD;wpfacsmif;wnf; twlaqmif;onfh olwdkYudk BunfhoGm;onfh rsufvHk;rsm;pGmxJrSm ... rsufvHk;rsm;pGmxJrSm ... ... ... ...

~~~~~~~~~~_____~~~~~~~~~~

tcef;(11) ]]uRefawmfwdkY rqHkzl;bl;aemf/ uRefawmfu opfrif;vl&JU tcspfqHk; oli,fcsif;yg/ uRefawmfhemrnfu aZmfvGifOD;vdkY ac:ygw,f}} ]][kwfuJh/ odygw,f½Sifh}} ]]aBomf ... 'Daumif aNymzl;ovm;/ [kwfvm;}} ]][kwfuJh/ aNymvnf; aNymzl;ygw,f/ wGJ½dkufxm;BuwJh "gwfyHkudkvnf; uRefr Bunfhzl;ygw,f}} ESif;qku tdrfazmfawGudk {nfhonftwGuf tat;vkyfcdkif;vdkuf\/ ]]armifu 'Dtcsdef tdrfrSm r½Sdbl;}} ]][kwfuJh odw,f .../ uRefawmfvnf; 'DaumifeJY zkef;qufNyD; tNyifrSmyJ qHkaeBuwm/ tdrfudk wpfcgrS ra&mufzl;vdkY ckrS vrf;BuHK0ifvmwm/ rESif;qkyefeJYvnf; qHkzl;oGm;atmifaygh/ olaNymawmh uRefawmfu tcsif;csif; uyf<um;aew,f atmufarhw,f/ t[kwfyJudk;As/ rESif;qkyefu tawmfvSwmudk;}} ESif;qk &,faevdkufonf/ aZmfvGifOD;u &nfrGefNyD; pum;oGufonf/ cPuav;ESifh &if;ESD;oGm;atmif qufqHwwfonf/ armifholi,fcsif;u armifhavmufawmh ½SdrSmaygh[kvnf; awG;rdonf/ olwdkYcsif; txufwef;ausmif;rSmuwnf;u aomif;usef;cJhorQawGudk aNymNyonf/ &,fp&mawGvnf; ygonf/ armif i,fi,fu qdk;cJh awcJhwmawGudk Bum;&onf/ em;axmifae&if;u armifhudk vGrf;vmovdk cHpm;&onf/ ]]tck uRefreJY armifu wpftdrfwnf;omaewm½Sifh/ odyfawmif rqHkNzpfbl;}} ]]tm ... tJ'Dvdk rvkyfeJYav/ 'Dtwdkif;BuD; vTwfrxm;eJU/ 'Daumifu t&rf;pHGwmAs/ rdef;uav;awGu 'Daumifhudk t&rf;BudKufwm}} ]]t[if; .../ odygw,f}} ]]BuHKvdkY aNymNy&OD;r,f}} ]][kwfuJh}} ]]wpfcgu pmt&rf;awmfwJh aumifrav;udk 'Daumif &nf;pm;pmay;w,f/ wu,fBudKufvkdY r[kwfbl;/ aumifrav;u rmeBuD;vdkY oGm;pwm}} ]][kwfuJh}} ]]'Daumifay;wJh &nf;pm;pmu *EÅ0ifNzpfoGm;awmhwmyJ}} ]]bmNzpfvdkYvJ}}

]]'Daumifh &nf;pm;pmxJrSmu bmompHkygw,fav/ ocFsma&m? "gwka&m? ½lyaA'awGa&? yx0DawG? ordkif;awGa&mNyD; atmufrS Foot Note awG t½SnfBuD;/ olnTef;xm;wJh usrf;udk;awGuvnf; zwfpmtkyfawG}} ]]aumifrav;u olYudk pdwfrqdk;bl;vm;}} ]][ifhtif; .../ NyefBudKufoGm;w,f}} ]][,f ... 'gNzifh armifu &nf;pm;½SdcJhzl;wmaygh}} ]]aeOD; .../ aNymwmudk qHk;atmifem;axmifOD;/ 'Daumifu NyefrBudKufbl;As/ tpuwnf;u BudKufrS rBudKufwm}} ]]'gNzifh ...}} ]]'Daumif ywfaNy;&wmaygh ../ aumifrav;uqdk&if olYudk tawmf pdwfemoGm;wm .../ tck tJh'Daumifrav;u q&m0efNzpfaeNyD/ tJh'Daq;cef;rSmqdk ol ruk&Jbl;}} ]]b,faq;cef;vJ/ a'gufwm b,folwJh ...}} ]]a'gufwm cifar0if;qdkwmav .../ vdyfacgif;wdkY? *&if*sDemwdkY? ptdk0rSmaygufwJh temwdkYtwGuf t&rf;aumif;w,fqdkyJ .../ emrnfBuD;aygh ...}} ]]tdk; ../ armifhrSm tJ'DvdktemawG r½Sdygbl;}} ]]tif; .../ ½Sdvnf; tJh'Daq;cef;udkawmh roGm;ygbl;/ ryleJY}} ]]tJh'D a'gufwmcifar0if;u tdrfaxmifrusao;bl;vm;}} ]]ckxdawmh r½Sdao;bl;/ t½G,fvGefoGm;NyD xifyg&JUAsm .../ olwdkY? oef;oef;pkwdkY? rDrDaxG;wdkY 'Dwpfouf a,mufsm;&zdkY rvG,fygbl; ...}} pum;tawmf aumif;oGm;Buonf/ twefBumrS aZmfvGifOD;u pum;tt½SdefowfNyD; ... ]]uJ ... 'gNzifh uRefawmfvnf; oGm;vdkufOD;r,f}} ]][kwfuJh}} ]]rESif;qkyefvnf; txnfqdkifoGm;&OD;r,f r[kwfvm;}} ]][kwfuJh/ zkef;BudKqufNyD;rS oGm;vdkufr,f}} ]][dkaumifhudk uRefawmfvmoGm;w,fvdkY aNymvdkufOD;aemf}}

]][kwfuJhyg/ 'Dnaeawmif uRefr olYudk 0ifac:rvm;vdkY/ olu t&rf;pGHw,f qdkwmudk;}} &,fNzpfBuonf/ NyD; ... aZmfvGifOD;u olYum;ESifhol NyefoGm;onf/ cPtBumrSm ESif;qkvnf; ol xGufvmNyDqdkonfhtaBumif; qdkifudk vSrf;zkef;qufNyD; tdrfu um;ESifh xGufoGm;cJhonf/ qdkifa&mufa&mufcsif;rSmawmh tvkyfawG ½Iyfaeao;\/ pm&if;Z,m;awGudkvnf; ppf&ao;onf/ cPBumrS tarmaNzNyD;umrS OD;NzLav;u ... ]]rESif; ../ armifopfaum}} OD;NzLav;u opfrif;vludk i,fpOfxdef;ausmif;vmpOftcsdef uwnf;utwdkif; ,cktxd armifopf[kyJ ac:onf/ usefaom tvkyform;awGuawmh q&m[kac:onf/ ]]'Dtcsdef tdrfrSmawmh b,f½SdrvJ OD;NzLav;&,f/ olYoifwef;rSm ½SdrSmaygh}} ]]Bunfhvnf; vkyfOD;aemf}} ]]bmvJ}} ]]awmfBum .../ tdrfrSmvnf; r½Sd? ausmif;rSmvnf; r½Sd? Bum;xJrSm aysmufaeOD;r,f}} pum;vrf;aBumif;u NywfoGm;\/ ab;txnfqdkifrS pD;yGm;zuf rdwfaqGwpfa,muf a&mufvmNyD; olac:&modkY OD;av;NzL vdkufoGm;&aomaBumifh Nzpfonf/ OD;NzLav;\ pum;u ESif;qk\ &ifxJudk wpfrsKd;BuD; NzpfoGm;aponf/ cPtBumrS eDvmru ... ]]tpfr}} ]]a[ ...}} ]]q&mhudk aumifrav;wpfa,mufeJY awGUcJhw,f}} ]]'grsm; txl;tqef;vkyfvdkY/ olYwynfhawGxJrSm aumifrav;awG trsm;BuD;yJ}} ]]tm; .../ tJ'Dvdk r[kwfbl; tpfr&JU}} ]]tif .../ 'gNzifh bmwkef;}} ESif;qk &ifxJrSm tenf;i,fwkefvIyfoGm;onf/ ]]bmvJawmh rodbl;aygh tpfr&,f}} ]]eifhpum;uvnf; bmrSef;rodbl; .../ ½Sif;½Sif;aNymprf;}} ]][dkav .../ [dkwpfaeYu uRefreJY OD;NzLav;eJY txnfawG oGm;wdkufvmwkef;u ...}}

]]tif; ...}} ]]q&meJY aumifrav;wpfa,mufudk xD;wpfvufxJ twlaqmif;oGm;wm awGUvdkuf&w,f .../ aumifrav;u olYwynfh rNzpfEdkifbl;/ awmfawmfvnf; vSw,f}} ]]b,fvdk yHkpHvJ}} ]]b,fvdkyHkpHvJ qdkawmh ..../ tif; ...}} eDvmru aumifrav;yHkpHudk aNymNyonf/ 0wfrIefOD; Nzpfygvdrfhrnf/ ESif;qk enf;enf; &ifat;oGm;onf/ odkYaomf trsm;BuD;awmh &ifrat;yg/ pdwfxJrSm wpfrsKd;BuD; Nzpfaeonf/ ]]olwdkYudk Bunfh&wm tawmfhudk &if;ESD;yHk&ovm;}} ]][kwfuJh}} udk,fhbmom cdkif;xm;onfhudpö .../ tckawmh udk,fh½SL;udk,fywfNyDvm; rod/ 0wfrIefOD;udkvnf; olru vdktyfrS tquftoG,fvkyf&ef rSmxm;onf/ taNctaeawGu b,fvdk½SdaeNyDvJ rod/ cufawmh cufaeNyD .../ olr rsufESmysufoGm;rdívm; rod/ eDvmru rsufESmcsKdaoG;NyD; awmif;yefonf/ ]]oli,fcsif; nDrawG bmawG Nzpf&ifvnf; NzpfrSmaygh tpfr&,f/ rdk;½GmBuD;xJ ulnD&wm Nzpf&if NzpfrSmaygh}} ]]eDvmr}} ]]½Sif}} ]]eif ... &nf;pm;awG bmawG ½SdNyDaygh}} ]]cpf ... cpf ../ tpfruvnf; ½SdNyDaygh}} ]],lrSvm;}} ]]ol ... ydkufqHpkaew,f}} ]]at; .../ tdrfaxmifa&;udkawmh owdxm;aemf}} ]]½Sif .../ bmNzpfvdkYvJ tpfr}} ]]tdrfaxmifa&;qdkwm e*g;eJY wlw,f}} ]]uRefr em;rvnfbl;}} ]]e*g;qdkwm udk,fhudk tEÅ&,fNyKEdkifrSef; odvsufeJY vlwdkif;u awGUzl; BuHKzl;csifBuw,fav}} ]]aBomf ... tif;}}

qdkifrSm cPqufaeNyD; ESif;qk NyefxGufvmcJh\/ armif½Sd&m oifwef;odkY 0ifac:onf/ oifwef;u NyD;oGm;NyD .../ armifvnf; r½Sdawmh? ausmif;om;tcsKdU aemufonf/ ]]vdkuf ... vdkuf ... q&mr/ q&mu aumifrav; wpfa,mufeJY xGufoGm;wm}} ]]aumifrav;uvnf; vSw,f q&mr}} ]][kwfw,f ... q&mr/ q&mreD;eD;udk vSw,f}} ESif;qk yifhoufudkom ½Idufrdavawmhonf/

~~~~~~~~~~_____~~~~~~~~~~

tcef; (12) ÚmPfudkawmh vTmoHk;&ygonf/ aZmfvGifOD; ay;xm;aom zkef;eHygwfudk ac:vkduf\/ reuf (7) em&D ausmfausmfrSm ac:Ncif;Nzpfí½SdrSm aocsmygonf/ armifuawmh r½Sdawmh/ tapmBuD;uwnf;u xGufoGm;NyD/ ]][Jvdk .../ trdefY½dSyg}} udkaZmfvGifOD;toHu tdyfcsifrl;wl;toHNzpf\/ twefi,f pdwfwdkaeyHk&onf/ ]]udkaZmfvGifOD;vm;/ uRefr ESif;qkyg}} ]]ESif;qk .../ b,fu .../ [m ... rESif;qkyefvm;}} ]][kwfygw,f .../ uRefryg}} ]]tm ... aNymyg/ bmrsm; xl;vdkYwkef;}} ]]udkaZmfvGifOD; tdrfa&mufvmwJhtaBumif;udk uRefr ckxufxd armifhudk raNym&ao;bl;}} ]]nu 'Daumif Nyefrvmbl;vm;}} ]]vmygw,f/ NyD; ... reuftapmBuD; NyefxGufoGm;awmh bmrS raNymvdkuf&bl;/ nuvnf; arSmifrS a&mufwm}} ]][kwfuJh/ tJ'Dawmh ...}} ]]tJ'Dawmh bmNzpfovJqdk&if bmrS rNzpfygbl;½Sif}} ]][if ...}} ESif;qk &,frd\/ aZmfvGifOD;awmh tlaBumifaBumif NzpfaeNyDxifonf/ ]]tck ½Sifholi,fcsif;u aumifrav;wpfa,mufeJYwJh½Sifh}} ]]tm ... [kwfyghrvm;}} ]]NrifwJholawGu NyefaNymBuygw,f}} wpfzufrS acwåtoHwdwfoGm;\/ NyD;rS ... ]]aBomf .../ [dkaumifrav; xifw,f}} ]]b,faumifrav;vJ}}

]]olYudk xD;Nyefay;wJh aumifrav;/ orD;&nf;pm;b0rSmuwnf;u cifAsm;u olYudk xD;wpfvuf vufaqmif0,fay;zl;w,fqdk .../ tJ'DhxD;udk olu tawmfwefzdk;xm;w,f .../ ol bwfpfum;ay:rSm arhusefcJhawmh tJ'Dhaumifrav;u Nyefvmay;wm .../ ol tawmf aus;Zl;wifw,f .../ tJ'Dhaumifrav;udk olu tat;wdkufwm}} ]]tif; ... tif; .../ tJ'DxD;yJvm;awmh rodbl;}} ]]cifAsm ...}} ]]aBomf .../ tJ'Daumifrav;eJY wpfvufwnf; twlaqmif;w,fqdkwm}} ]]aBomf .. rdk;½GmaevdkY um;rSwfwdkiftxd vdkufydkYay;wmygAsm/ txifrvGJygeJY/ 'Daumifu cifAsm;udk tawmfcspfwm/ cifAsm;ae&mrSm b,folYudkrS tpm;rxdk;Edkifygbl;}} ]]aumifrav;u tawmfvSw,fqdk}} ]]uRefawmf rNrifzl;bl;/ aeygOD; .../ rESif;qkudk b,folawGu aNymxm;vdkYvJ}} ]]bmrS raNymygbl;/ Nrifvdkuf&olawGu owif;ydkYwmavmufyg}} ]]uRefawmfvnf; owdxm; avhvmay;yghr,f}} ]]&ygw,f? udpör½Sdygbl; .../ olYudk vkdcsifwJhol½Sd&if uRefru ay;vdkufrSmyg}} ]]avQmufaNymaeNyefNyDAsm/ wu,fvnf; r[kwfbJeJY}} ESif;qku t&,fwpf0ufESifh qufaNymvdkufonf/ ]]xm;yg .../ zkef;qufwmu tJ'gawG aNymzdkY r[kwfbl;}} ]]'gNzifh ...}} ]]armifh oifwef;csdefu apmao;w,f .../ armifrsm; udkaZmfvGifOD;qD a&mufaeovm;vdkY}} ]][ifhtif; ... ra&mufbl;/ uRefawmfawmif ckrS tdyf&mu xwm .../ olYudk rSmp&m½SdvdkYvm;}} ]]tif;}} ]]rSmxm;cJhav .../ a&mufvm&if aNymNyvdkufr,f}} ]]tif; .../ raeYu raNymvkduf&bl;vdkY ../ olYoli,fcsif; udkaZmfvGifOD; vmoGm;w,fvdkY}} ]]Asm}} ]]'gyJ ... 'gyJ}}

ESif;qk zkef;csvdkufawmhonf/ 0wfrIefOD;uawmh awmfawmf c&D;a&mufaeNyDxifonf/ EdkifiHNcm;rS Nyefa&mufvmwm rBumao;aom aZmfvGifOD;yifvQif armifrSwpfqifh 0wfrIefOD;taBumif;awG txdkuftavQmuf odaeNyD .../ ]]uvif ... uvif ... uvif}} tckyJ zkef;csonf/ tckyJ zkef;vmonf/ onftcsdefrSm qdkifuvmaomzkef; rNzpfEdkif/ ]][Jvdk}} aumufudkifvdkufawmh ... ]]aBomf ... ESif;vm;}} ]]aBomf ... armif}} armifhqDrS zkef;Nzpfaeonf/ armifhtoH aqmifhaqmifhatmifhatmifhawmh Nzpfaeonf/ ]]aNymav ... armif/ apmapmuawmif udkaZmfvGifOD;qD zkef;aNymNzpfao;w,f}} ]]aZmfvGifOD; ... [kwfvm;/ ESif;eJY 'Daumif qHkNyD;NyDvm;}} ]]raeYu vmoGm;w,f/ tJ'g armifhudk raNym&ao;bl;}} ]]reufu zkef;aNymw,fqdkwmu ...}} ]]aBomf ... bm&,f r[kwfygbl;/ armifrsm; tJ'Dhudk a&mufaeovm;vdkY/ rEÅav;u zkef;qufw,f}} ]]aBomf ... at; .../ udk,fhoifwef;udkvnf; zkef;vmxm;vdkY? tJ'DtaBumif;udk tck aNymrvdkY}} ]]ESif; odNyD;NyD .../ rEÅav;oifwef;cGJudk armifoGm;&r,f r[kwfvm;/ ESif; bmawG Nyifqifxm;&rvJ}} ]]rNyifeJYawmh ESif;/ t0wfwpfxnf udk,fwpfckeJYyJ oGm;vdkufr,f/ tck ... um;BuHK&aew,f}} ]]armif ... b,fES&uf BumrSmvJ}} ]]bmBumrSmvJ .../ tvGefqHk; oHk;&ufaygh}} ]]zkef;awmh qufaemf}} ]]at;yg ... 'gyJaemf/ [dkrSm um;u apmifhaewm .../ zkef;csvdkufawmhr,f}} ]]tif; ... tif;}}

'gqdkvQif ... taBumif;udpö rxl;vQif olrvnf; 'DuaeY txnfqdkifudk roGm;awmhyg/ armifhtcef;udk ½Sif;ay;xm;vdkufygrnf/ tdrfazmfrav;wpfa,mufudk ac:NyD; armifhtcef;udk wuf½Sif;onf/ xGufvmonfh pm½GuftwdktpawG wpfNyHKBuD;/ vTifhvnf; rypf&J .../ bmawGrSef;rod/ avmavmvwfvwf a&;xm;aom uAsmwpfyk'fudk awGU&\/ uAsmudk olr em;rvnfyg/ odkYaom udkk,fhudk apmif;a&;xm;ovm;[k pdwfrodk;roefY Nzpfrd\/

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~~~~~~~~~~_____~~~~~~~~~~

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~~~~~~~~~~_____~~~~~~~~~~

tydkif; (3)

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##########

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]][Jvdk}} ]]b,folrsm;vJ½Sif/ rESif;qkvm;}} ]]aBomf ... r[kwfygbl;/ cPaemf}} rBumvdkufyg/ ESif;qk zkef;vmudkifonf/ ]][Jvdk}} ]]rrESif;qkvm; .../ 0wfrIefyg}} ]]ckeu zkef;vmudkifwm b,folvJ rr}} ]]tdrfazmfaumifrav;yg/ [Jh ... bmvkyfaewmvJ/ rdk;½Gmawmhr,f/ t0wfawG oGm;½kyfav}} ESif;qku tdrfazmfawGudk yxkwfvdkufNyD;Nzpf\/ vGwfvGwfvyfvyf aNymí&EdkifNyD/ uHaumif;csifawmh pwdk;qdkifxJrSmvnf; vl½Sif;aeonf/ zkef;uvnf; oD;oefYae&mrSm Nzpfonf/ ]]rrudk ar;p&m½SdvdkY}} ]]ar;av ...}} ]]rru uRefrudk ay;xm;wJh wm0efeJY ywfoufNyD; wNcm;wpfa,mufudkrsm; cdkif;xm;ao;ovm;}} ]][ifhtif; ... rcdkif;ygbl;/ 'gu vQKdxm;&wJh udpörsKd;yJ}} ]]tckqdk ... vlwpfa,mufeJY tpfudkeJY wwGJwGJvkyfaew,f/ uRefrvnf; vIyf½Sm;vdkY odyfr&bl;/ wpfcgwpfcgqdk tpfudkYudk olYum;eJY ac:ac:wifoGm;w,f}} ]]b,fvdkyHkpHvJ}} ]]tom;NzLNzL? t&yfNrifhNrifh ½kyf&nfoefYw,f/ tuÐstNzLt0wfrsm;w,f/ tpfudkeJYqdk ½G,fwlavmufyJ}} ]]aBomf ... at; ... odw,f/ olY oli,fcsif; oabFmom;? oabFmu Nyefqif;vmwm rBumao;bl;/ olwdkYcsif;u i,faygif;awG}} ]]aBomf .... [kwfNyD/ 'gayrJh tJ'DhtpfudkBuD;u uRefr tvkyfrSm enf;enf;t[efYtwm; Nzpfaew,f/ aBomf ... i,faygif;qdkvdkY ckrS owd&w,f/ tck tpfudkeJY olYoli,fcsif; q&m0efrwpfa,mufeJY NyefawGUBuw,f/ w&if;wESD;ygyJ .../ oHa,mfZOf½SdBuyHkvnf; ay:w,f}} ]]tif; ... rrodNyD;NyD/ olwdkYu [dkwkef;u bmnmbmnmawG}} ]][if ... [kwfvm;/ tpfudku tawmfpGHwmyJ/ tJ'Dtpfruvnf; awmfawmfvSw,f rr&JU}}

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~~~~~~~~~~_____~~~~~~~~~~

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~~~~~~~~~~_____~~~~~~~~~~

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~~~~~~~~~~_____~~~~~~~~~~

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]][dkav ... [dk'if; ../ aBumufawmh raBumufygbl;}} ]]'gNzifh bmNzpfaewmvJ .../ rif;udk igu &J&ifhw,f? ÚmPf&nfxufw,fvdkY atmufarhaewm}} ]]tdk ... txifBuD;vGef;aeNyD}} ]]'gNzifh rulnDay;Edkifbl;aygh}} ]]tJ'Dvdkawmhvnf; rNiif;ao;ygbl;}} ]]'gNzifh}} aumifrav;u NyHK;onf/ aumifrav;wpfa,muf\ tNyHK;onf tvGefaBumufp&maumif;rSef; ol odygonf/ aumifrav;\ tNyHK;uvnf; aBumufp&maumif;avmufatmif vSyavonf/ odkYaomf ... ol rodusKd;uRHNyKvdkufonf/ ar;vufpar;cGef;udkyJ qufar;vdkuf\/ ]]rif; ... tJ'gav;udk ulnDEdkifrvm;}} ]]atmifrm .../ tJ'gav;wJh}} ]]uJ ... tJ'gBuD;uGm ... tJ'gBuD; .../ ulnDEdkifrvm;vdkY}} ]]tif; ... ulnDyghr,f}} ]]b,fawmhvJ ...}} ]]reufNzefaygh/ 'gayrJh wpfckawmh½Sdw,f}} ]]bmvJ}} ]]vdktyfwJh tcsuftvufawG ay;OD;av/ tdrfu b,frSmvJ/ qdkifu b,frSmvJ/ um;eHygwfu b,favmufvJ/ tJ'grsKd;awGaygh}} ]]aBomf ... at; ... ay;rSmyg/ 'gayrJh olYtwGif;owif;awGudkawmh raNymbl;av}} ]]tJ'gawGudk uRefru bmudpö odcsif&rSmvJ}} ]]at; ... at;/ 'gqdk ... 'gqdk}} opfrif;vlu aNymNyvdkufygonf/ odyftrsm;BuD;vnf; raNymNyEdkifyg/ onfaumifrav;u bmrSef;rodao;/ yGifhyGifhvif;vif; aNym&vQif udk,fu cdkif;BunfhvdkY &rvm;[laom oabmESifhomNzpfonf/ aumifrav;u awmfyHk&oNzifh tm;awmh udk;rdonf/ tif; ... tm;udk;Bunfhrdonfayghav/ ]]aumif;NyDav .../ uRefr ulnDvIyf½Sm;ay;yghr,f}}

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0wfrIefu ZmwfaBumif;pHkudk Nyef½Sif;Ny\/ udk,fhtm½HkESifh udk,fNzpfaeí ywf0ef;usifudk apmapmpD;pD;rSm owdrxm;rd/ aemufrS ... ]][,fawmf .../ rrvlBuD;u [dkbuf0dkif;rSm a&mufaew,f}} wpfzuf0dkif;rSm olwdkYudk xdkifBunfhaeolu opfrif;vl/ eHab;rSmu aZmfvGifOD; .../

~~~~~~~~~~_____~~~~~~~~~~

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~~~~~~~~~~_____~~~~~~~~~~

wpfESpfcefYBumaomf ....

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vlYavmuxJodkY vlom;0wfrIefav;wpfpuf qif;oufa&muf½SdvmacsNyD .../

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January' 2003

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wm&a0 - Myanmar E-Books...udk,fr0wfawmhwJh t0wftpm;awGudk EGrf;yg;wJholqDay;zdkY tcef;udk ½Sif;w,f/ ½Sif;vufpeJY pm½Gufpmwrf;awGudkyg aoaooyfoyf½Sdatmif Nyefvkyfrdw,f