WLW Day 1: Towards aMore Effective IntegratedWatershed Management Programfor the Laguna de Bay Sub-basins by Jose K. Cariño III

8/3/2019 WLW Day 1: Towards aMore Effective IntegratedWatershed Management Programfor the Laguna de Bay Sub-basins by Jose K. Cariño III

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Towards a

More Effective IntegratedWatershed Management Program

for the Laguna de Bay Sub-basins

Jose K. Cariño III, MPM, CESEDepartment Head for Resource Management and Development

Laguna Lake Development Authority

A P resentation m ade for the

Asian Development Ba nk ’s Water Learn ing Week

Study Visit on Laguna Lak e

The Bellevue Manila, 07 November 2011



I. Anatomy of a Watershed ManagementProblem

II. Case Studies on Upstream-Downstream

Conflicts: The Santa Rosa and Marikina Sub-

watersheds

III. Impetus for a Basin Management Institution

IV. Towards a More Effective IntegratedWatershed Management Program for the

Laguna de Bay

Outline of the PresentationOutline of the Presentation



Deforestation

Resource Extraction

Open dumpsites

Land conversion

Industrial effluents

Erosion and siltation

Domestic wastesAgricultural run-off

Flooding

Land reclamation

Loss of biodiversity

Upland development

Encroachment into

riparian areas

Population growth

In-migration

Groundwater

contamination

Unregulated water

abstraction

Upland migration

Climate Change

Anatomy of Watershed Management Problem Anatomy of Watershed Management Problem



Cases of Upstream Downstream ConflictsCases o f Upst ream -

Dow nst ream Conf l i c t s



• Pagsanjan Sub-watershed

“Pagsanjan complaining against domestic and piggery wastes comingfrom Majayjay and Lucban as well as quarrying in Magdalena, Lagunathat drains towards Pagsanjan River”

• Sta. Cruz Sub-watershed

“Garbage found floating in Sta. Cruz

River are made from Rizal, Liliw and

Nagcarlan, Laguna”

• Biñan Sub-watershed “Carmona, GMA and Silang in Cavite were already conscious in theuse of their groundwater resources while in Biñan, Laguna overabstraction of groundwater continue to take place

Critical Sub-watersheds

Critical Sub-watersheds



• This sub-watershed encompasses the

municipalities of Montalban, San Mateoand Antipolo City in Rizal; and cities of Quezon and Marikina

• Deforestation and resource extraction

were prevalent in the upper portion of the watershed

• Land conversion and housingdevelopments in the lower portion of this sub-watershed

• Congestion and in-migration in urbanareas resulting to informal settlementsand improper waste disposal

The Marikina Sub-watershedThe Marikina Sub-watershed



Ra a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a

Da a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aFa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a

Resulting Problems



Cabuyao

Sta. Rosa

Biñan

Silang

The Santa Rosa Sub-watershedThe Santa Rosa Sub-watershed

Coca Coca Bottling Co.

ETON City

Silang Housing Developments

Sta. Elena Development Corp.

LISP 1

LTI

Silang LGU

Cabuyao LGU

Biñan LGU

Sta. Rosa LGU

S3R2

WWF

DENR

LLDA

Who will do watershed management?



Create an institutional framework for effectivewatershed management at the sub-watershed levelaligned with the LLDA’s charter and mainstreamed into

LGU processesEmpower the institution by providing greater roles and

functions as well as build their capacities in watershedmanagement

Entails the addition of another layer of governance

Build an institution that adopt CollaborativeGovernance Partnerships

Impetus for a Basin

Management Institution



• Governance across political jurisdictions

(horizontal and vertical)

• Governance across the public-private

divide

• Governance across service functions

Source: Dr. Francisco A. Magno, Florida State University

What is Collaborative Governance

What is Collaborative Governance?



• Transaction characteristics of public goods

• Demographic homogeneity

• Sharing information and technical support• Fiscal capacity

• Social capital


Why CooperateWhy Cooperate?



• The Instituional Collective Action (ICA)

framework analyzes networks, joint

projects, partnerships and othermechanisms developed by affected parties

to overcome the barriers to collective

action


Collaborative GovernanceInstitutional Collective Actions



Preserve

AutonomyImpose

Obligations

Informal

Policy

Networks

Inter-Governmental

Contracts

Council of

Governments

Adaptive

Agreements Partnerships

Special

Districts


Collaborative GovernanceICA Mechanisms



• These networks serve as hubs forinformation exchange, programcoordination and joint action

• Network interactions mitigate governancecosts by fostering norms of trust andreciprocity among institutional actors and

can help identify partners where defectionis less likely


Collaborative GovernanceInformal Policy Networks



• A Memorandum of Understanding of

Agreement is a statement of cooperation

between parties to work together for acommon goal or objective


Collaborative GovernanceAdaptive Agreements



• Partnerships are formed by local

governments, often with the help of civil

society and the private sector, with theaim of enhancing the economy of a

multi-jurisdictional area, managing

environmental resources, or pooling of services for effective delivery


Collaborative GovernancePartnership



• Provinces, cities and municipalities come

together to create regional or

metropolitan development councils – The LGUs pool their resources for integrated

urban planning, traffic coordination and

solid waste management


Collaborative GovernanceCouncil of Governments



• In order to capture economies of scale,

LGUs create special districts where their

resoruces and capacities can be shared

• This is manifested in the clustering of

services delivery systems such as the

establishment of special health districts


Collaborative GovernanceVoluntary Special Districts



• Special districts can be mandated by

national government through law in

response to collective action problems• These include the MMDA, LLDA and

Palawan Council for Sustainable

Development


Collaborative GovernanceMandated Special Districts



Council of

Governments


Preserve

AutonomyImpose

Obligations

Informal

Policy

Networks

Inter-Governmental

Contracts

Adaptive

Agreements Partnerships

Special

Districts

Collaborative GovernanceICA Mechanisms



Towards a More Effective IWMP for the Laguna de Bay Sub-basins

Tow ards a More Ef fec t ive

IWMP for t he Laguna de

Bay Sub-basins



Integrated WatershedManagement Framework

Productive

watersheds,clean rivers,healthy lake

LGUs

NGAs

NGOsWater

Utilities

BusinessSector

Designation of

Sub-WQMA

Management

strategies

Sustainable

financing

strategies

Review of Policies,Institutional

Arrangement and

Capacities and

Issuance of New

Policies

Development

of sub-WQMA

action plan

Creation of Watershed

Management Council

Watershed

Characterization and

Assessment

Performance

Monitoring

Development and Institutionalization of the

Integrated Watershed Management Program

Towards a More Effective IWMP for the Laguna de Bay Sub-basins



Integrated Watershed Management Program

Strategies and Approaches a. Creation of Watershed Management Council for each of the 24

sub-basins to include Sub-WQMA Board, Multi-sectoral Group

and Technical Secretariat

b. Formulation of Integrated Watershed Management Plans for the

24 sub-basins

c. Harmonizing Land-Use Plan among LGUs within each sub-basinusing the watershed management approach

f. Development of sustainable financing mechanisms for

watershed rehabilitation, improvement and conservation

d. Mainstreaming Integrated Watershed Management into the

Local Government policies, plans and programs

e. Development and implementation of an effective and efficientWater Quality Monitoring and Surveillance Plan for various

water bodies in accordance with the provisions of the CWA



Sub-WQMA Board: Cities of Santa Rosa and Biñan, Municipalities of Cabuyao and Silang

NGAs

NGOs

Water utility sector (water districts, private water utilities)

Business sector

Multi-sectoral Group Sectoral representatives

Technical Secretariat Member of the Philippine Bar

Chemical Engineer, Chemist, Sanitary engineer, Environmental Engineer

or Ecologist

Civil Engineer or Hydrologist

Geologist or Biologist

Composition of a Basin Management Institution Integrated Watershed Management Program



a. Prepare a Water Quality Management ActionPlan and a Compliance scheme

Roles of LLDA

b. Issue resolutions or orders as may be necessary

for the accomplishment of the objectives of the

Integrated Watershed Management Plan and

Program and the provisions of the Clean Water

Act

c. To grant the Sub-WQMA Board authority as may

be necessary to achieve its purpose



a. Identify/Adopt appropriate InstitutionalArrangement to ensure the effective

implementation of the IWM program

Roles of LGUs

b. Monitoring of water quality

c. Emergency response

d. Compliance with the framework of the Water

Quality Management Action Plane. Participation in all efforts concerning water

quality protection and rehabilitation



In the development and implementation of IWM

Program, the NGOs, civic organizations, academe,

peoples organizations, the private and corporate

sectors and other concerned stakeholders’ groupsshall be engaged in activities such as planning,

community organizing, research, technology

transfer, information sharing, investment and

training programs.

Roles of Civil Society Groups

and Private Sectors



• Republic Act No. 9275 otherwise known as

“Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004”

• Republic Act No. 4850 as amended

• LLDA Board Resolution“Designat ing t he Twent y Four (24) Sub-Wat ersheds of t he Laguna de Bay Basin as Sub-Wat er Qual i t y

Management Areas (Sub-WQMAs) and Approving the Implement at ion of an Integrat ed Wat ershed Management Program (IWMP) f or t he Laguna de Bay Sub-basins”

Legal Basis or Enabling Act Integrated Watershed Management Program



Laguna de Bay Watershed Sub-basins



Pilot program implementation in the Santa RosaSub-watershed (FY 2011-2012) Designation of the Santa Rosa sub-watershed as a Sub-Water

Quality Management Area

Creation of Sub-Water Quality Management Board Creation of multi-sectoral group and technical secretariat

Note : Santa Rosa Sub Watershed has a good representation of a

highly urbanized downstream and an upstream area that is starting

to develop

Re-engineering the River Councils into Watershed

Management Councils

Road Forward Integrated Watershed Management Program



A. Three day Capacity Building Workshop was conducted

last September 7,8 and 9, 2011 at the Development

Academy of the Philippines with the following outputs :

• LGUs’ (Santa Rosa, Biñan,

Cabuyao and Silang) existing

programs and projects toaddress the issues on

Flooding, Groundwater and

Pollution

• Detailed identification of

Problems and Solutions in SantaRosa Sub-Watershed focussing on

core issues namely Flooding,

Groundwater and Pollution as

inputs to the Integrated

Watershed Management Plan

Update Integrated Watershed Management Program



B. The Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) willbe drafted together with the representatives of the

LGUs

Update Integrated Watershed Management Program

D. The Draft MOA on the Implementation of the IWMP

was presented for Comments and Finalizationtogether with the LGUs

E. Updating of the LLDA ATLAS – land cover validation

and other vital information of the 24 sub-watersheds are gathered on the ground



Ta a a a a a a a

Documents

WLW Day 1: Towards aMore Effective IntegratedWatershed Management Programfor the Laguna de Bay Sub-basins by Jose K. Cariño III