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What ‘s on the Horizon for Louisiana Citizens
Michael Vince, Air Permits Division April 24, 2013
AIR QUALITY NAAQS UPDATE
POINTS TO COVER
What is EPA’s Advance Program?
How the Air Quality Management Process works
The National Ambient Air Quality Standards
2008 Ozone Standard
PM 2.5 Standard
What does this mean to the Monroe Area?
Current Activities
Questions?
WHAT IS THE ADVANCE PROGRAM?
Ozone Advance is a collaborative effort by EPA, states, tribes and local governments to encourage emission reductions in ozone attainment areas, to help them continue to meet the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS).
Voluntary Program
PROGRAM GOALS
Help attainment areas take action in order to keep ozone and PM levels below the level of the standard to ensure continued health protection
Better position areas to remain in attainment
Efficiently direct available resources toward actions to address ozone problems quickly.
WHY SHOULD ATTAINMENT AREAS WORK TO REDUCE OZONE AND
PM2.5?
Ensure continued health protection Less resource intensive to implement measures early More flexibility to pursue a wide range of options Proactive
Could better position some areas to stay in attainment If eventually designated, could provide needed reductions
that could result in a lower classification and/or that could feed into any eventual SIP
EPA could consider early efforts as a factor in exercising for its discretion to redesignate areas not violating in 2008-10 but violating in later years to nonattainment
Multi-pollutant co-benefits
AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PROCESS
Emissions Inventory
Air MonitoringModeling
Planning
Control Strategy
Industry
Rulemaking
Permit
1990 - Clean Air Act Amended to its Present Form
There have been many iterations of federal clean air legislation, beginning in 1955.
NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS
Developed for 6 air pollutants:
Sulfur Oxides Carbon Monoxide (CO)Lead Particulate (PM 2.5 & PM10)
Ozone Nitrogen Dioxide (NOx)
States are required to develop plans to implement control strategies to make air healthier and cleaner.
Two types of standards Primary – protects public health
Secondary – protects public welfare;
GROUND-LEVEL OZONE IS:
The primary component of smog
Sometimes called “bad ozone” to distinguish it from “good ozone”
– Both types of ozone have the same chemical composition (O3).
–“Good ozone" occurs naturally in the upper portions of the earth’s atmosphere and forms a layer that protects life on earth from the sun's harmful rays.
- “Bad" ozone is harmful to breathe.
GROUND-LEVEL OZONE
Ozone is not emitted directly into the air, but forms through reaction of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the presence of sunlight.
SOURCES OF NOX AND VOCS
NOx forms quickly from combustion sources such as automobiles, power plants and large construction equipment.
VOCs come from paints, solvents and fuels and evaporate quickly into the atmosphere.
WHAT IS THE 2008 OZONE STANDARD
Air quality across state continues to improve EPA expected to make standard more stringent Announcement December 2013 Imagine a limbo bar…
8-hour primary ozone standard to 75 parts per billion (ppb) is protective of human health 1 ppb is equivalent to 1 drop of water in an
Olympic sized pool How is attainment determined?
Design Value – the 3-year average of the fourth-highest daily maximum 8-hour average ozone concentration measured at each monitor within an area.
DESIGNATIONS AND CLASSIFICATIONS
Designation refers to whether or not an area is above or below the standard
Attainment means that the monitor readings are at or below the standard;
Nonattainment means that the monitor readings are above the standard;
Unclassifiable means that there is no monitor data to reach a conclusion.
Classification categories are determined based on an area’s design value (applicable for ozone only).
DATA SOURCES AND USES
Data from DEQ’s monitoring network is used to determine attainment with a standard
Modeling efforts
Industry reports emissions data (ERIC) which is used to develop strategies and rules to reach or maintain attainment
EPA uses ERIC-type data from every state to develop national strategies
OZONE DESIGN VALUES 2008 - 2010
LSU
New Ro
ads
Fren
ch Se
ttlemen
tKe
nner
Dut
chto
wnSh
reve
port
Carly
ssM
adiso
nville
Vinto
nCa
rville
B Plaq
uemine
Garyv
illeCa
pitol
Lafay
ette
Pride
Bake
rDixi
eG Te
tePo
rt Alle
nTh
ibodau
xCit
y Par
kHah
nville
Chalm
ette/
Arabi
Conve
ntM
onroe
Wes
tlake
05
1015202530354045505560657075808590
7875 75 75 75 74 74 74 74 73 73 73 73 72 72 72 72 71 71 71 71 70 69 68
64 63
8-hr Design Value as of December 31, 2010
OZONE DESIGN VALUES 2009 - 2011
05
1015202530354045505560657075808590
82 8077 77 77 76 76 76 75 75 75 74 74 74 72 72 72 72 72 71 70 69 67 66
8-hr Design Value as of December 31, 2011
OZONE DESIGN VALUES 2010 - 2012
LSU
Shre
vepo
rtDut
chto
wnCa
rville
New Ro
ads
B Plaq
uemine
Capit
olKe
nner
Gar
yville
Dixie
Carly
ss
Fren
ch Se
ttlemen
tM
adiso
nville
Thibod
aux
Chalm
ette/
Mer
aux
Lafay
ette
Pride
Vinto
nHah
nville
City P
ark
Port
Allen
Wes
tlake
Conve
ntM
onroe
05
1015202530354045505560657075808590
79 7976 76 76 75 75 75 75 75 75 74 74 74 73 72 72 71 71 70 70 69 68
63
8-hr Design Value (Preliminary) December 31, 2012
OZONE DESIGN VALUES 1980-2011
19801981
19821983
19841985
19861987
19881989
19901991
19921993
19941995
19961997
19981999
20002001
20022003
20042005
20062007
20082009
20102011
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
Baton Rouge AreaShreveport Area Lake Charles AreaNew Orleans Area
Desig
n Va
lue
in P
PB
POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF THE 2008 OZONE STANDARD ON NEW NONATTAINMENT
PARISHES, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, INDUSTRIES AND BUSINESSES
Changed Emission Inventory Requirements
Lowered Major Source Thresholds
New Source Review
Emission Offsets
RACT Requirements
Potential for Automobile Inspection/Maintenance
Regulations on small businesses (bakeries, dry cleaners, paint shops, etc.)
Transportation Conformity/General Conformity
POTENTIAL ECONOMIC IMPACT TO CONSUMERS
Increased cost to industry translates to increased cost of the products industry produces.
Higher cost of vehicle inspection stickers due to expansion of I/M program.
Increased fuel costs.
TRANSPORTATION CONFORMITY
A special point on highway funding:
In nonattainment areas, the Clean Air Act requires a formal interagency process to establish procedures for consultation between MPOs, EPA, FHWA, FTA, and State and local transportation and air quality agencies.
Highway funding can be held up without this process in place. Transportation improvement plans must conform with air quality state implementation plans. (The SIP)
RECENT CHANGE TO PM2.5 STANDARD
Primary and Secondary
Annual 12µg/m3
Previously 15 µg/m3 ,changed 3/18/13
Annual mean, averaged over 3 years
Attainment
24 – hour 35 µg/m3 98th percentile, averaged over 3 years
PM2.5 ANNUAL MEAN TREND
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Capitol
Bayou Plaquemine
Geismar
Hammond
Houma
Kenner
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Marrero
St. Bernard
Monroe
Port Allen
2012 Standard
2006 Standard
µg/m
3
12 µg/m3
15 µg/m3
New Standard in ef-fect 3/18/13
WHAT IS THE ROLE OF DEQ?
Work with community leaders and businesses to develop pollution control strategies
Working with EPA Advance Program
Work with industries to develop pollution control strategies
Submit recommendations to EPA for area designations/redesignations
Rule revisions and promulgation
Compilation and submittal of State Implementation Plans (SIP) for areas designated nonattainment.
IMPLEMENTATION OF STATE RULES THROUGH
THE SIP
A specific set of plans for reducing air pollution emissions
Required by federal law (Federal Clean Air Act) for areas not meeting the NAAQS
Incorporates control strategies
Sets forth technical and regulatory process for demonstrating attainment and maintenance requirements
GETTING BACK TO ATTAINMENT
Baton Rouge Area rules
VOC Controls in DEQ Air Rules – Chapter 21
NOx Controls in DEQ Air Rules – Chapter 22
DEQ Modeling efforts underway
Will help determine if these or other rules would be effective in reducing ozone levels in other areas of the state.
Federal Rules help address vehicle emissions and fuel formulations
NATIONAL RULES THAT IMPACT OZONE, NOX, PM2.5
Clean Air Visibility Rule
Cross State Air Pollution Rule
Clean Air Nonroad Diesel Rule
Light-Duty Vehicle Tier 2 Rule
Heavy Duty Diesel Rule
Locomotive and Marine Vessel Rule
Small Spark-Ignition Engine Rule
Revisions to Fuel Standards
Refinery Consent Decrees
WHO CAN PARTICIPATE?
States, tribes, local governments
Councils of Government
Other stakeholders, in conjunction with any of the above
“Lead”participant?
WHAT ARE THE CRITERIA FOR PROGRAM ELIGIBILITY?
Area must not be nonattainment for either 1997 or 2008 8-hour ozone or the PM2.5 standard at the time the they are accepted into the program. Maintenance areas Eventual Marginal areas
Local entity should generally identify the area
DEQ will identify the monitor(s) that reflect the area’s air quality
Required emissions inventory reporting should be complete (DEQ handles this)
HOW DO I PARTICIPATE?
Submit a letter of intent to EPA prior to initial designations of nonattainment
Must be received by EPA BEFORE you are designated as nonattainment
Copy LDEQ on your submittal
Submit to:Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS)
Attention: Laura Bunte – Ozone Advance Program C304-01
109 TW Alexander Drive
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
OR via email to: [email protected]
DEQ can provide a letter template
WHAT DOES PARTICIPATION MEAN FOR YOU?
Work to Develop a “path forward” plan within a year
Plan should
Use best efforts to move quickly toward identifying steps that may reduce ozone and PM2.5 levels
Implement path forward, measures/programs as soon as possible
Collect information as to plan effectiveness
Informal status check-ins with EPA at least annually
OTHER IDEAS
Formation of local Air Quality Coalition
Serve as lead for Advance Program
Coordinate and track local projects
Ozone Awareness Campaign
Meteorologist Training
News Spots highlighting ozone and PM2.5
IDEAS FOR EMISSION REDUCTIONS
Area Sources On-road Engines
Idling Reduction Policies (Schools and Municipalities) Alternative Fuels and Repowers (Ethanol, biodiesel and natural gas
conversions) Bossier City/Parish Natural Gas Conversions
School Buses, Public Transport and Utilities Truck Retrofits (Diesel Particulate Filters and Oxidation Catalysts) Caddo Parish DOCs and Caddo Public Schools Buses DPFs
Non-road Engines Requiring use of lower emitting equipment for local projects KCS and New Orleans Public Belt Railroad Automatic Engine Start-
Stop Switches (Emissions Reductions and diesel fuel savings) Point Sources
DEQ existing rules for VOC and NOx Voluntary actions by industry Consumers using less electricity helps utilities to cut back
37WHO IS IN ADVANCE
PROGRAM?
Lake Charles – IMCAL and Chamber of Commerce
Shreveport – Chamber of Commerce, Coordinating and Development Corporation, Shreveport, Bossier City
Baton Rouge – CRPC and BRCAC
New Orleans – SCRPD and RPC
Lafayette – still not signed up
Monroe and Alexandria??
4/11/2013
ADVANCE PROGRAM LOCAL CONTACTS
DEQ
Michael Vince: [email protected] 225-219-3482
Vivian Aucoin: [email protected] 225-219-3389
Gilberto Cuadra: [email protected] 225-219-3419
Mailing Address: DEQ Air Permits DivisionOzone Advance ProgramP. O. Box 4313Baton Rouge, LA 70821
QUESTIONS ABOUT OZONE ADVANCE
EPA HeadquartersLaura BunteEPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards(919) [email protected]
EPA Region 6Carrie Paige(214) 665-6521
Website: www.epa.gov/ozoneadvance
AIR QUALITY AWARENESS MONTH
EPA – May is Clean Air Month
DEQ – May is Air Quality Awareness Month
Television Spots
Governor Proclamation
Increasing local activities with Advance Program
QUESTIONS?
Do you know some of the most polluting equipment we use on a daily basis ?
Two-cycle gasoline powered string trimmers, chain saws and blowers are bad for both VOC and NOx emissions
About 30% of the fuel that you put into the tank for these items comes right back out unburned thru the exhaust.
QUESTIONS?
Using your push lawnmower for an hour will produce how much pollution?
In an hour, a push mower will produce the same HC+NOx as a car driven 257 miles, and the same CO as one driven 401 miles.
To put it another way, assuming a car averages 40 miles per hour, a push mower produces more HC+NOx than six cars and the same CO as 10.
QUESTIONS?
Which is worse for the environment: driving a massive, exhaust-belching diesel-sucking big rig 100 miles or walking down the street in hemp sandals, bamboo shorts and a reclaimed burlap poncho to a locally-owned restaurant, and ordering a grass-fed, locally-farmed angus beef hamburger?
For comparison, an 18-wheeler diesel engine truck would have to drive 143 miles on the freeway to put out the same mass of particulates as a single charbroiled hamburger patty.(UC Riverside)