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moswavlis wigni
lia sulaqveliZe
VIII klasi
grifminiWebulia saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da
mecnierebis saministros mier 2020 wels
gamomcemloba `saqarTvelos macne~
musikamoswavlis wigniVIII klasiavtori _ lia sulaqveliZe
gamocemis weli da rigiToba 2020.
ISBN 978-9941-16-731-7
gamomcemloba `saqarTvelos macne~
mis: q. Tbilisi, e. maRalaSvilis q. #5
tel: 568 10 54 67; 574 40 08 57
el. fosta: [email protected], [email protected]
© gamomcemloba `saqarTvelos macne~, 2020;
© lia sulaqveliZe, 2020.
wignze muSaobdnen:
musikaluri konsultantebi:
marina qavTaraZe _ xelovnebaTmconeobis doqtori, Tbilisis v. sarajiSvilis saxelobis konservatoriis profesori;
nino RaribaSvili _ Tbilisis z. faliaSvilis saxelobis niWierTa aTwledis Teoriuli ganyofilebis gamge;
dali doliZe _ Tbilisis #55-e da 126-e sajaro skolebis musikis wamyvani maswavlebeli, ilias saxelmwifo universitetis leqtori;
manana baliaSvili _ literaturuli redaqtori;
nino afciauri _ ydebis dizaineri.
sarCevi
Tavi I . musika samyaroSi da samyaro musikaSiTema: xiluli da uxilavi musikaSi sityva da intonacia deklamaciaSi xilulisa da uxilavis gadmocemaSi 1-3. deklamirebis sawyisebTan .................................................................................... 84-6. ritmuli deklamacia ...........................................................................................127-9. melodeklamacia, rogorc musikis erT-erTi gamomsaxve lobiTi xerxi xilulisa da uxilavis gadmocemaSi ...............................................................18reCitativi, rogorc xilulisa da uxilavis gamomsaxveli xerxi 10-11. k. debiusi, opera `peleasi da melizanda~ ...................................................2412-13. deklamaciis didostatebi ..............................................................................3014. deklamaciis nairsaxeoba reperebis musikaSi ....................................................3415-16. Semajamebeli gakveTili ..................................................................................36deklamaciis nairsaxeobebi xilulisa da uxilavis gadmocemaSi msxvil vokalur-instrumentul formebSi 17-20. a. onegeri _ oratoria `Jana d’arki koconze~ .............................................38deklamaciis nairsaxeobebi xilulisa da uxilavis gadmocemaSi sxva vokalur JanrebSi 21-23. a. Sonbergi _ vokaluri cikli `mTvaris piero~ ..........................................52sityva instrumentul musikaSi, rogorc xilulis gadmocemis saSualeba 24-25. programuli musika ........................................................................................6026-27. Semajamebeli gakveTili ..................................................................................67Tavi II. musika sazogadoebaSi da sazogadoeba musikaSiTema: Taobebi da musika ..........................................................................................6828-29. Taobebs Soris arsebuli gansxvavebis gadmocema Zvel da axal akademiur musikaSi ......................................................................................................7030-31. popularuli musika .........................................................................................7632-33. popularuli musika (gagrZeleba) ................................................................ 8234-36. popularuli musika, rogorc TaobebSi arsebuli ganwyobebis amsaxveli Janri ...........................................................................................................................8837. popmusikis zogierTi mimdinareobis maxasiaTeblebi da sxvadasxva Taobis ganmasxvavebeli Tvisebebi ..........................................................................................9838-39. gakveTili .......................................................................................................10040-42. popmusikis zegavlena Tanamedrove akademiur musikaze............................10443-44. qarTuli popularuli musika guSin da dRes .............................................112 45. Semajamebeli gakveTili ....................................................................................116Tavi III. me musikaSi da musika CemSiTema: martooba da erToba musikaSi ...................................................................11846-48. martoobis formebi da musikis gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebi .........................12049-51. musikaSi erTianobis gamomxatveli gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebi ..................13052-53. Semajamebeli gakveTili ................................................................................144gamoyenebul terminTa ganmartebiTi leqsikoni ..................................................146
saxelmZRvaneloSi gamoyenebuli gzamkvlevi simboloebi
moismineT
upasuxeT kiTxvebs
imuSaveT LMSS programaSi
moiZieT informacia
imuSaveT wyvilebSi
naxeT videokadrebi
aqtivobebi
Tavi I musika samyaroSi da samyaro musikaSi
Tema: xiluli da uxilavi musikaSi
„xiluli da uxilavi musikaSi“ _ ra xiluli saxeebis warmodgena SegviZ-lia musikis mosmenis dros da rogor viswavloT maTi „danaxva“? amisTvis mxolod Cveni fantazia da warmosaxviTi unar-Cvevebi sakmarisi araa. xSir SemTxvevaSi musika Tavad gvkarnaxobs vizualur saxe-xats. saWiroa viswav-loT am Taviseburi enis gageba. Tumca, zogierT SemTxvevaSi kompozitore-bi musikaSi xiluli saxeebis warmosaCenad sityvasac iSvelieben. musikaSi gamoyenebuli sityva, romelsac konkretuli Sinaarsi gaaCnia, gvexmareba davinaxoT is, rac mxolod SegviZlia vivaraudoT musikis mosmenisas. Tavis mxriv, musikac gvexmareba sityvaSi arsebuli Sinagani, uxilavi muxtis Seg-rZnebaSi. Cven SemTxveviT ar gamoviyeneT sityva „SegrZneba“ _ uxilavis xom mxolod SegrZneba SeiZleba. musikis enac, upirveles yovlisa, Seg-rZnebebis, emociebis gamomwvevi enaa. Tuki am enis gagebas viswavliT, maSin Cven winaSe gaixsneba ukidegano xiluli da uxilavi samyaro!
maS, daviwyoT!
kompoziciebis Seqmnas ist-is gamoyenebiT
xilulisa da uxilavis amocnobas sxvadasxva Janris musikalur nawarmoebebSi
deklamirebis xelovnebas da mis saxeebs
am TavSi Seiswavli:
moswavlis wignSi muSaoba rom gagiadvildeT, gaiTvaliswineT Cveni rCevebi:
wakiTxvamde
miznis dasaxva• ratom unda Seiswavlo Tema.gaecani• gakveTilebis saTaurebsa da sakvanZo sityvebs, raTa gaigo, ras iswavli; daaTvaliere ilustraciebi;• yuradRebiT moismine SemoTavazebuli musika, raTa damouki deblad SeZlo saubari mis irgvliv.Seamowme Seni winare codna• ra ici am sakiTxze;• Tu ver gaixseneb ukve naswavl musikalur termins, dafiqrdi kon-teqstze, sadac es sityvaa gamoyenebuli.
gakveTilis bolos
Seajame• srulad aRwere Tu ara Temis mTavari idea da rogor dagexmara detalebi mis gagebaSi;• damoukideblad gadmoeci Seni STabeWdileba;• isaubre mosmenili musikis Sesaxeb da sworad gamoiyene terminebi.Seafase• musikaSi SesaZlebelia xilulisa da uxilavis gadmocema; • xilulisa da uxilavis warmoCena musikaSi gamoyenebuli ritmuli da harmoniuli xerxebiT SeiZleba.Seamowme Seni Tavi• ra gaige axali winare codnisgan gansxvavebiT;• rogor SeZleb axlad naswavlis gamoyenebas.
88
deklamirebis sawyisebTan
uZvelesi droidan Teatralur Tu musikalur xelovnebaSi ganuyofe-li iyo sityva, simRera da cekva. antikuri epoqidan moyolebuli, arc-erTi saxalxo warmodgena musikis gareSe ar imarTeboda.
antikuri xelovneba;oratori;intonacia;xiluli da uxilavi;mxatvruli deklamacia.
sakvanZo sityvebi
gakveTili 1-3
1
sityva da intonacia deklamaciaSi xilulisa da
uxilavis gadmocemaSi
xelovnebis nawarmoebs Tavisi ena aqvs da am eniT unda wavikiTxoT, amovic-noT misi dedaazri. ra dargis nimuSTanac ar unda gvqondes Sexe ba _ iqneba es mxatvroba, Teatri, literaturuli nawarmoebi Tu musika _ aRqmis procesi in-dividualuria. erTi da imave nawarmoebis gacnobisas sxvadasxva adamians SeiZ-leba sruliad gansxvavebuli azri da SegrZnebebi gauCndes. am dros adamiani mTeli Tavisi arsebiTaa masSi CarTuli _ intuiciiT, warmosaxviT, grZno biT, gonebiT. xelovnebis nawarmoebi gvaZlevs imis pirvelwyaros, rom avamuSaoT fantazia, azrobrivad warmovidginoT, vivaraudoT, ra igulisxmeba nanaxisa Tu mosmenilis miRma da amovicnoT, ra gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebiT aqvs avtors gadmocemuli Tavisi Canafiqri.
musikaSi xilulisa da uxilavis ganxilva davafuZneT sityvisa da musikis mosmeniT gamowveul ganwyobebsa da warmodgenebze: sityva _ rogorc xilulisa da musika _ rogorc uxilavi samyaros arsi.
arsebobs ori samyaro _ xiluli da uxilavi. xilu-li samyaro aris is, rasac vxedavT zogadad da rasac fizikuradac vexebiT. rogor SevigrZnoT uxi lavi samyaro? uxilavia is, rac SegrZne basa da warmosax-vasTan asocirdeba: suni, sicxe, sicive, xmebi... anu yvelaferi is, rasac ganvicdiT, ris warmodgenasac gviqmnis TvaliT dana xuli sagani.
9
cneba „antikuri xelovneba~ (laT. antiquus _ `Zveli~) pirvelad XV sauku-neSi italiaSi warmoiqmna maSin, rodesac Sua saukuneebSi damkvidrebul aTaswlovan saeklesio tradiciebs Seenacvla axali xelovneba, romelic Zveli saberZneTisa da romis xelovnebas daefuZna.
audioCanaweriT moismineT antikuri periodis xalxTa metyveleba. ro-gorc SeamCnevdiT, sxvadasxva adamiani xmis sxvadasxva intonaciiT kiT-xulobs teqsts _ deklamirebs.
daimaxsovre!
deklamacia (laT. declamatio) _ mxatvruli kiTxva; literaturuli nawar-moebis gamoTqmiT, mxatvrulad kiTxva; `varjiSi mWevr met yvelebaSi~.
mosmenilis mixedviT isaubreT TiToeuli monakveTis Sesaxeb; ris mixedviT SegviZlia amovicnoT is mxatvruli xerxebi, romlebi-Tac miiRweva xiluli da uxilavi deklamirebisas: xmis tembriT, kiTxvis tempis cvalebadobiT, intonaciiT, ganwyobiT, rasac mosmenili gitovebT Tu kidev sxva niSniT?
qvemoT mocemuli frazebidan, romeli ekuTvnis xiluls da romeli _ uxi lavs:
mogvianebiT es termini mTelma evropam gaiTavisa. antikuri civlizaciis qro nologiuri CarCoebia _ Zv,.w. VIII _ Cv. w. V saukunis Sua wlebi. es Tormet saukuneze metia.
ras miambobs teqstis Sinaarsi ra grZnoba dameufla mosmenisas
1010
`rac dasamali ar aris, is arc unda davfaroT da vaRiaroT. qebis wyurvili yvelas gvklavs, warCinebul-ni ufro iltvian didebisaken, filosofo sebic ki Ta-vianT wignebSi gvirCeven, uari vTqvaT pativze da am dros ar aviw ydebaT, sakuTari saxeli moaweron Tavi-anT Txzulebebs. isini am tkiceben, rom ar Rirs dide-basa da popularobaze fiqri da amave dros surT maTi saxeli gacxaddes... bev-rma cnobilma pirovnebam izruna, rom SemogvrCe noda misi qandakeba, romelic mxolod sxeulis aslia da ara _ sulisa; gana ufro metad ar unda gvindodes, darCes Cveni siqvelis Zegli, niWierad da gemovnebiT Zerwili? me piradad, rasac vqmni di, imTaviTve im azrisa viyavi, amiT Cems saxels vacnobdi yvelas da Cems maradiul xsovnasac davtovebdi amqveynad, magram amas an ver gavigeb sikvdilis Semdeg, an, rogorc brZeni adamianebi fiqroben, Cemi sulis raRac nawili mainc Seig rZnobs amas; ai, amis imedi maqvs da amiT vsuldgmulob~.
ciceroni106-43 Zv. w.
`araferia iseTi daujerebeli, rasac oratori ver gaxdis misaRebs~.
ciceroni _ advokati da politikuri moazrovne, Zveli romis yvelaze saxelganTqmuli oratori
antikuri epoqidan moyo lebuli, deklamacia oratoruli xelovnebis um-niS vne lovanes ele ments warmoadgens.
SeamowmeT sakuTari oratoruli niWi; warmoidgi-neT sakuTari Tavi ciceronis adgilze, maswavleblis rCevebis gaTvalis winebiT waikiTxeT misi erT-erTi naazrevi gamoTqmiT, teqstis Sesabamisi intonaciiT, SearCieT xmis tembri, Jestikulacia:
2
Zvel romSi sazogadoebis winaSe gamos-vlis (Art Oratoria) xelovneba profe siul kom-petencias warmoadgenda, gan sakuTrebiT, po-liti kose bisa da iuristebisaTvis.
romis Tavkacebi TavianT Svilebs saber-ZneTSi agzavnidnen oratoruli xe lovnebis dasauf leblad (maTgan erT-erTi iuli us keisa ric yofila).
vidre am teqsts mxatvrulad waikiTxavdeT, gaecaniT instruqcias:• teqsti Sedgeba sami nawlisgan: Sesavali, ZiriTadi nawili, daskvniTi nawili. SesavalSi oratori ipyrobs auditoriis yuradRebas raime fraziT, romlis Semdeg igi akeTebs mcire pauzas. ipoveT es winadadeba da gamoyaviT pauziT;• Semdeg SesavalSive oratori acnobs Temas da TemasTan dakavSirebul problemas, ris Sesaxebac apirebs saubars. ipoveT, sad mTavrdeba Sesavali;• ZiriTad nawilSi orators mohyavs magaliTebi am TemasTan dakavSirebiT, romelic adasturebs SesavalSi warmoCenil Temas da masTan dakavSirebul problemas. ipoveT es nawili;• bolo nawilSi oratori warmoaCens Tavis damokidebulebas problemisadmi da am problemis gadaWris sakuTar gzas. ipoveT, saidan iwyeba es nawili;• TiToeuli nawili gamoyaviT pauziT, gansxvavebuli intonaciiTa da ritmiT. intona-cia da sametyvelo ritmi SearCieT Tqveni survilisamebr.
11
is, rom drama, Tavisi klasikuri for miT, pirvelad swored saberZneTSi Camoyalibda, sayovelTaod aris aRiarebuli. berZnuli Teatri warmoud-geneli iyo gundisa da musikaluri instrumente bis gareSe, vinaidan tra-gedia Seicavda dramas, musikas da cekvas erTdroulad.
3
roca antikuri xanis Teatralur warmod-genaze vsaubrobT, unda aRiniSnos, rom is, rasakvirvelia, mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdebo-da dRe vand eli Teat raluri dadgmebisgan. Tav dapirvelad Zvel saberZneTSi scenaze mxo lod erTi msaxi obi gamodioda, romelic audi torias gmiris bedze mouTxrobda gun-dis Tan xlebiT. mogvianebiT warmodgenaSi ukve ramdenime msaxi obi monawileobda. maSin-del Teat ralur warmodgenebSi qali msaxio-bebi scenaze ar daiSvebodnen.
Tqveni azriT, es nawarmoebebi tragediaa Tu komedia? axseniT, ra niSnebiT mixvdiT;miuTiTeT, dedofal klitemnestras monologis fragmentSi Zveli berZnuli Teatris ra tradiciebia SenarCunebuli;Tqveni azriT, riT SeiZleba klitemnestras emociebis amokiTxva am fragmentSi? ivaraudeT, ratom ukeTia cal xelze wiTeli xelTaTmani? riT gamoirCeva klitemnestras rolis Semsruleblis deklamacia? CamoTva-leT misi maxasiaTeblebi; Tqveni azriT, riT aris ganpi robebuli? Tqveni varaudiT, ras ambobs Tavis monologSi klitemnestra scenaze mwo-liare personaJebze? SearCieT erT-erTi pasuxi:a) dascinis maT; b) amxels maT; g) dastiris maT; d) Tqveni versia. axseniT; ra gaZlevT xilulis da ra _ uxilavis warmodgenebs? riT gamoirCeva hamletis rolis Semsruleblis deklamacia? Seada reT me-ore fragmentSi warmodgenil mxatvrul deklamacias. Tqveni azriT, ratom xdeba moqmedeba akldamaSi?
naxeT ori videofragmenti: 1. nawyveti ZvelberZnuli Teatris warmodgenis inscenirebidan mefe agamemnonis cxovrebaze _ dedofal klitemnestras monologi; 2. fragmenti filmidan `hamleti~ _ hamletis monologi.
is, rom kacebi asrulebdnen qalebis rolebsac, migviTiTebs Teat raluri xerxebis _ niRbe bis, kostiumebis, asamaRlebeli fexsacmelebis _ koTurnebis _ gamoyeneba.
1818
moismineT melodeklamaciis ori nimuSi: l. van beThoveni _ musika goeTes tragediis ̀ egmontis~ mixedviT; r. Sumani _ fragmenti baladidan* _ ̀ gaqceulebi~.
isaubreT orive fragmentSi gamoyenebuli deklama ciebis saxeebze; gan saz-RvreT, ra gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebiTaa gadmocemuli xiluli da uxilavi.
melodeklamacia, rogorc musikis erT-erTi
gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxi xilulisa da uxilavis
gadmocemaSisakvanZo sityvebi
melodeklamacia;opera;miuzikli;fsiqologiuriportreti.
warmogidgenT or brwyinvale msaxiobs, romlebmac Tav-Tavis JanrSi cno bili nawarmoebebis originaluri interpretaciebi Seqmnes. isini arian XX saukunis didi rusi bani fiodor Saliapini, romelic asrulebs boris godunovis rols modest musorgskis operaSi „boris godunovi“ da oskaris mflobeli amerikeli msaxiobi reqs harisoni, romelic asrulebs profesor higinsis rols frederik lous miuziklSi „Cemi mSvenieri ledi“. orive Sesruleba gamoirCeva TviTmyofadobiT, rac maT odnav gana s xva vebs kompozitorebis mier Seqmnili originaluri versiebisgan.
1
fiodor Saliapini1873-1938
me-20 s-is gamoCenili rusi saopero momRerali
f. Saliapini boris godunovis rolSimxatvari a. golovini. 1912 w.
mousmineT am unikalur interpretaciebs da upasuxeT kiTxvebs:
gakveTili 7-9
gavecnoT deklamaciis kidev erT saxeobas _ melodeklamacias, esaa mxatvruli deklamacia musikis TanxlebiT.
* balada (frang. ballade) _ TxrobiTi xasiaTis vokaluri an instrumentuli nawarmoebi.
19
mxatvrul xerxs, sadac Semsrulebeli ________________________________
______________________ deklamacia hqvia.
mousmineT profesor higinsis scenis pirvel nawils frederik lous miuziklidan `Cemi mSvenieri ledi~ da gadaxedeT am nawilis teqsts qarTul enaze (teqsti mocemulia SemoklebebiT):
gavixsenoT, ra aris miuzikli _ esaa mu sikalur-scenuri nawarmoebi, romelic moicavs dramis yvela saxeobas _ erTmaneTs enacvleba dialogi, simRera, musika, cekvebi. Tanamedrove miuziklis CamoyalibebaSi didi roli Seasrula sxvadasxva Janrma: opere tam, komikurma operam, vodevilma.
2
...me SeveCvie mis saxes, misiT Tendeboda Cemi dRe...SeveCvie im motivs, romelsac is waus tvenda diliTa da saRamos,is gaxda Cemi sulis nawili, Cems sunTqvad, Cems oxvrad iqca,vidre Sevxvdebodi mas,me viyavi TviTdajerebuli da damoukidebelida, ra Tqma unda, aseTadve davrCebi... Tumca SeveCvie mis gamoxedvas,SeveCvie mis xmas, SeveCvie mis saxes.
zepirad SeavseT nak luli teqsti:
mosmenilis mixedviT, ra aqvs saerTo am or interpretacias; ra warmogidgebaT Tvalwin am nawyvetebis mosmenisas: warmoadgineT erTi Jesti, romelic yvelaze kargad gamoxatavs am musikaluri nomrebis ganwyobas da axseniT, risi gamomxatvelia is; deklamaciis romeli nairsaxeobebia gamoyenebuli fragmentebSi? Tqveni azriT, ratom mimarTes msaxiobebma Sesrulebis amgvar xerxs?
2020
fredize gaTxoveba!.. ra infantilurobaa! ra ugulod, umowyalod gamoT qmuli ganacxadia! is inanebs, oh, rogor inanebs! Tavs daiRupavs aseTi gadaw yvetilebiT!
kargad vxedav mas _ gvarad fredi einsford-hil,beRels rom maRazia adgas Tavs;kargad vxedav _ Rataksa da gadaRlils,bankis inkasatori rom ungrevs kars.
inglisuris maswavleblad surda yofna,amis nacvlad ki yvavilebis gayidva uwevs,lukmapuris saSovnelad muxlebze uwevs xoxva,misi meuRle ki samxars miirTmevs.
Tqveni azriT, ra urTierTkavSirSia teqstis Sinaarsi da msaxiobis mier gamoyenebuli deklamaciis xerxi:
a
b
g
teqstis emociuri muxti emTxveva im emocias, romelsac gad moscems msaxiobis mier gamoyenebuli deklamaciis xerxi. axseniT, ratom;
teqstis emociuri muxti ar aris srul TanxmobaSi im emocias Tan, ro-melic gadmocemulia msaxiobis mier gamoyenebuli deklamaciis xerxiT. axseniT, ratom.
msaxiobis mier gamoyenebuli deklamaciis xerxi gadmoscems teqstis miR ma arsebul emociebs, romlebic ufro Rrmad warmoaCens personaJis uxilav Sinagan fsiqologiur mdgomareobas; ra emociebia es?
mousmineT profesor higinsis scenis meore nawils da waikiTxeT am nawilis teqstis qarTuli (Semoklebuli) varianti:
kadri filmidan `Cemi mSvenieri ledi~
ferdakarguli da SeSinebuli,saxlSi rom miva, ra daxvdeba? rac iyo mosalodneli, _ubedureba, qals rom Tavze daatydeba _Turme, nu ityviT da, misi qmariniu-iorkel qvrivs gahyolia,misi fuliT moxiblula,misi qonebiT da gvariSvilobiT da gulgrilad miutovebiaCveni sacodavi qali.sabralo eliza! Seuracxyofili!ra damamcirebelia misTvis yovelive es!da ra sasixaruloa CemTvis!
ra rols TamaSobs deklamacia am emociur-fsiqologiuri mdgo ma re obis gad mocemaSi? ra rols TamaSobs musikis sxva gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebi?
3
21
.........................roca mouwevs Cems karTan mudariT patiebis Txova,maSin Tu Sevikedleb mas da vapatieb,Tu movisvri quCaSi mis bargs?
magram mowyale kaci var,vinc ar Caidens imas, ris Cadenac SeuZlia,ar gawiravs imas, vinc sTxovs,visac swyuria, visac Sia.
magram uRirs da umadurqals Cems saxlSi ver SevuSveb,Tundac muxlmodrekiT mTxovos,Tund mudariT Rvaros cremli.
gahyve fredis! ha!..
a
g
b
reqs harisoni profesor higinsis rolSi
teqstidan gamomdinare, rogor fiqrobT, ra roli eniWeba am nawilSi deklamaciasa da musikis sxva gamomsaxvel xerxebs:
avseben erTmaneTs, gadmoscemen erTsa da imave ganwyobas; Tqveni azriT, ra ganwyobaa es?
deklamaciasa da musikis gamomsaxvelobiT xerxebs Soris Seim-Cneva garkveuli emociuri dapirispireba; isaubreT, raSi mdgo-mareobs es dapirispireba.
rogor gamoiyenebdiT mocemul konteqstSi sityvebs:
sarkastuli RvarZliani
Seuracxyofili garegnulad gulgrili
gaecaniT mesame nawilis teqsts da mis musikalur inter pretacias:4
magram dRec ar gava,rom ar Camesmodesmisi wkriala xma, rom maxalisebs,Cems yovel nabijs azrs rom aniWebs,Cems yovel grZnobas kars rom uRebs,rasac mudam guliT vatareb,risic mTeli Cemi arsebiT mwams,xsnis im farul xmas, Tavidan rom macnobs Tavs...vnatrob im TiToeul wams,rac CemSi tovebs kvals _ umSvenieres qals.
2222
rogorc musikidan mixvdebodiT, es nawili, Tavis mxriv, sam qvenawilad iyofa. ra gansazRvrebas miscemdiT am qvenawilebs: ratom iwyebs simReras profesori higinsi? mesame qvenawilSi musika deklamaciisa da simReris gareSe JRers. Tqveni azriT, ratom dasWirda kompozitors am scenaSi mravaljer gaJRerebuli musikaluri Temis vrceli saorkestro versiis kidev erTxel gameoreba? ra ideas aviTarebs es samive qvenawili? romel qvenawilSi xdeba yvelaze mkafiod am ideis naTelyofa?
LMMS. calkeuli semplebidan aawyeT Song-Editor fanjaraSi pro fe sor higinsis siyvarulis Tema.
boris godunovi mefe ivane mrisxanes mefobis dros erT-erTi gav leniani Tavadi iyo. arsebobs varaudi, rom ivane mrisxanis sikvdilis Semdeg, samefo taxtze asvlis mizniT, godunovma Tavis moxeleebs taxtis mcirewlovani memkvidris _ dimitris mokvla ubrZana. ambavi mTel ruseTs moedo. swored es varaudi daedo safuZvlad musorgskis operas „boris godunovi“. es scena godunovs
im mZime wuTebSi warmoaCens, rodesac mas, sin-disis qenjniT datanjulsa da Tavzardacemuls, ufliswuli dimitri elandeba, romelic TiT-qosda Sewyalebas iTxovs.
moismineT am scenis sami fragmenti. Tqveni azriT, romel fragmentSi warmoTqvams msaxiobi Semdeg sityvebs: „ai, iq, iq, ra aris iq, kuTxeSi?!“
a b g
miaqcieT yuradReba, JRers Tu ara am fragmentSi musikaluri Tan-xleba; Tqveni sityvebiT axseniT, am xerxiT ra efeqtis miRweva surda kompo-zitors. ra saxis deklamirebasTan gvaqvs saqme am nawyvetSi?
musikaluri TvalsazrisiT, es scena saocari simdidriT gamoirCeva. mousmineT am scenis saorkestro Sesavals. aRwereT, ras mogagonebT SesavalSi gaJRerebuli wyvetili akordebi.
5
6
23
romel scenas esadageba marcxena svetSi warmodgenili mtkicebu-lebebi? gadaxazeT cxrili rveulSi; CasviT niSani saTanado ujraSi:
mousmineT scenis im fragments, sadac Semsrulebeli deklamacias iwyebs. daakvirdiT saorkestro Tanxlebas; rogor fiqrobT, ras unda gadmos-cemdes aq saorkestro partia:
saaTis wikwiks guliscemas zarebis rekvas
dimitri ufliswulis landis saxeba godunovis fsiqikaze moqmedebs, rac operis bolos mas sikvdilamde miiyvans.
meore moqmedebaSi boris godunovi monologis bolos warmoTqvams sityvebs:
boris godunovis scena
profesor higinsis scena
deklamaciis xerxi gamoiyeneba Sinagani gancdebis SeniRbvis mizniT.
deklamaciis xerxi gadmoscems fsiqologiur mdgomareobas, rodesac adamiani sakuTar gonebaSi Seqmnil fantasmagorias realobad aRiqvams.
scena, sadac xilulsa da uxilavs Soris zRvari waSlilia.
scena, sadac xiluli da uxilavi mkveTrad gamijnulia erTmaneTisgan.
„Tuki odesme Sens sindiss laqa daedo, es saSineli bedisweraa. gaqceva gwadia, magram amaod. suli iwvis, guli SxamiT ivseba da wuxili, wuxili ise dagamZimebs, TiTqos guli urosaviT gicems, suli gexuTeba da Tavbru gesxmis...“
7
8
b
a
romeli daskvnaa ufro misaRebi TqvenTvis:
saorkestro partia gadmoscems teqstSi Cadebul emociur muxts;axseniT, ra xerxebiT gadmoicema es muxti;
saorkestro partia gadmoscems teqstis Sinaarss miRma arsebul emocias, is warmoadgens teqstis erTgvar komentars. isaubreT, raSi mdgomareobs es komentari.
Tqveni azriT, ra Sinaarsobrivi datvirTva aqvs am Tanxlebas?
3636
Semajamebeli gakveTili
1. warmoadgineT Tqven mier rveulSi an LMMS programaSi Sesrulebuli
naSromebi;
• gaakeTeT am naSromebis prezentacia TandarTuli audio/video masaliT.
2. isaubreT deklamirebis nairsaxeobebze, ganmarteT TiToeuli maTganis
mniSvneloba;
• gamoTqviT sakuTari azri, ra mniSvneloba aqvs deklamaciis sxvadasxva
nairsaxeobas xilulisa da uxilavis warmoCenaSi;
• ra sityvieri Tu musikaluri xerxebiTaa SesaZlebeli xilulisa da
uxilavis gadmocema;
• ra dros iCens ufro mkveTrad Tavs Sinagani, uxilavi arsi musikaSi?
3. gauziareT Tanaklaselebs, rogor dagegmeT prezentacia _ ratom SearCieT
konkretuli Tema, ra resursebi gamoiyeneT;
• riT iyo TqvenTvis saintereso es Tema;
• ra SegmataT prezentaciaze muSaobam?
gadavavloT Tvali, ra SeiswavleT Temis pirvel nawilSi. maswavlebeli mogasmeninebT ramdenime fragments Seswavlili masalidan da amoicaniT, ra saxis deklamacia gvxvdeba TiToeul maTganSi;imsjeleT, ra maxasiaTeblebiT ganasxvavebT maT erTmaneTisgan.
daadgineT, ra dagamaxsovrdaT, ris gagebas isurvebdiT mocemuli sakiTxebis irgvliv.SeavseT cxrili:
ra vicodi ra viswavle raSi damexmareba SeZenili codna
ris Seswavlas visurvebdi
gakveTili 15-16
37
moismineT fragmenti radiospeqtaklidan `sami vedro Tovli~.
amoarCieT swori pasux(eb)i da daasaxeleT, ra da ra saxis deklamacia gvxvdeba:
ritmuli intonirebuli melodeklamacia yvela erTad
warmatebis kibe
musikis saSu-alebiT SeiZleba xilulisa da uxi-lavis gadmocema.
xilulisa da uxi-lavis amocnoba mu sikaSi gamoyene-buli sityvisa da musikis gamomsax-velobiTi xerxe bis urTierTkavSiris mixedviT SeiZleba.
rac ufro matu-lobs musikis ga momsaxvelobiTi xer xebis mniS-vneloba deklama-ciaSi, miT ufro mkveTrad iCens Tavs Sinagani, uxi-lavi arsi musikaSi.sityvisa da musikis
gamomsaxvelobiTi xer xebis urTierT-kavSiri yvelaze naT lad deklamaciis nairsaxeobebSi iCens Tavs.
gadaavleT Tvali Temis I nawilSi ganxilul na-
warmoebebs, gadaiwereT rveulSi qvemoT moce-
muli mkvidri warmodgenebis teqstebi, ganxiluli
nawar moebebidan romelime daukavSireT erT-erT
kvadrats, warmoadgineT magaliTebi da, romelsac
eTanxmebiT, aRniSneT niSniT:
Tu romelimes ar eTanxmebiT, axseniT Tqveni mosazreba.
Tqveni codna Sefasdeba:
Tematuri bloki _ `xiluli da uxilavi musikaSi~ (I nawili)
• musikaluri nawarmoebis harmoniaze, rit msa da formaze dakvirvebiT msjeloba; Janris gansazRvra; mosmenili fragmenteb-is erTmaneTTan Sedareba; dek lamaciisa da sxva gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebis amocnoba da maTi rolis gansazRvra;• saTanado ritmis, melodiis, harmoniisa da formis gamoyenebiT musikaluri kola-Jis Seq mna.
amoicnobs musikis maxasiaTeblebs da ade k vaturad iyenebs terminebs.
amoicnobs xilulisa da uxilavis maxa sia Teblebs deklamaciis sxvada-sxva sa xeoba Si.
gansazRvravs musikisa da sityvis ur-Ti erTkavSirs fragmentis Sinaarsob-rivi da emo ciuri datvirTvis in ter-pre ti rebaSi.
ra mxatvruli xerxebiTaa warmoCenili deklamaciaSi xiluli da uxi lavi? rogor amoicaniT is mxatvruli xerxebi, romlebiTac miiRweva xilu- li da uxilavi deklamaciaSi?
6060
sakvanZo sityvebi
programulimusika.
programulia musikaluri nawarmoebi, romelsac dasaxeleba an sityvieri winasityvaoba gaaCnia. programulad ar iTvleba is nawarmoebi, romlis saTaurSi gamotanilia raime ganwyoba, magaliTad, `melanqolia~, `iumoreska~ da a. S.
daimaxsovre!
nebismieri musikaluri nawarmoebi raime STa beW dile bis safuZvelze iqmneba. aris nawarmoebebi, ro melTa dasaTaurebaSi kompozitoris mier miTiTebulia Tema, ris safuZvelzec Seiqmna es nawarmoebi.
gakveTili 24-25 sityva instrumentul musikaSi, rogorc xilulis
gadmocemis saSualeba
programuli musika
kompozitorma partituras waumZRvara teq stu-ri programa, romelic Tavad Seadgina: „sulTani Sahriari darwmunebuli iyo, rom yvela qali gaiZ-vera da orgulia. amis gamo brZaneba gasca, rom yo-veli Ramis Semdeg misi erT-erTi coli sikvdiliT daesajaT. sulTnis mravalricxovan colTagan mxo lod erTma _ Seherezadam SeZ lo exsna Tavisi sicocxle imiT, rom yovel Rame sulTans uyveboda zRaprebs, romlebsac yvelaze saintereso adgilas wyvetda. cnobismoyvareobiT anTebuli sulTani zRapris gagrZele bis molo dinSi ayovnebda Sehe-razadas dasjas. ase gagrZel da 1001 Rames, sanam sulTanma Tavisi brZaneba ar gaauqma“.
programuli musika Seqmnilia konkretul Temaze (siuJetze), romelic, ro-gorc wesi, kompozitors mocemuli aqvs sityvier ganmartebaSi (programaSi) an nawarmoebis dasaTaurebaSi. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, kompozitori sityvis meSveobiT azustebs imas, rac SegviZlia mxolod warmovidginoT musikis mos-menisas. aseT nawarmoebTa ricxvs ekuTvnis nikolai rimski-korsakovis simfoni-uri siuita `Seherezada~, romelsac sa fuZvlad daedo Sua saukuneebis arabuli werilobiTi Zegli, zRaprebi `aTas erTi Rame~.
mousmineT nawyvets am nawarmoebidan da ga moT qviT Tqveni azri: warmoidgineT Tu ara is zRapruli suraTebi, ris safuZvelzec Seiqmna es siuita? ram ganapiroba es, sityvierma programam Tu musikam? maTgan romelma warmoaCina xiluli da romelma _ uxilavi? rogor fiqrobT, rom ara sityvieri ganmarteba, mixvdebodiT Tu ara, risi/visi saxis Seqmna surda kompozitors musikiT? dadebiTi pasuxis SemTxve vaSi, axseniT, ra musikaluri maxasiaTeblebiT amoicaniT is.
61
mousmineT ramdenime musikalur frag ments; daasaxeleT is fragmentebi, romlebSic, Tqveni varaudiT, mkveTrad Cans, Tu ra saxis Seq mna surda kompozitors musikaSi. mosmenis dros amoicaniT nawarmoebi, Janri. Ti-Toeuli fragmenti miusadageT ilustraciebsa da kompozitorebis fo-toebs:
1
3 4
2
vinaidan es ilustraciebi gagaxsenebT wina wlebSi Seswavlil musikalur na-warmoebebs, maTi amocnoba da dasaTaureba ar gagiWirdebaT.
1
m. musorgski p. Caikovski k. debiusi s. prokofievi1839-1881 1862-1918 1891-19531840-1893
6262
2 mousmineT ramdenime musikalur fragments da daasaxeleT is fragmen-tebi, romlebSic, Tqveni varaudiT, mkafiod Cans, ra konkretuli saxis Seqmna surda kompozitors.
qvemoT ganTavsebulia oTxi kompozitoris foto, sami maTganis nawar-moebebi TqvenTvis kargadaa cnobili wina wlebidan. Tu gaixsenebT am nawarmoebebis dasaxelebebs, SeecadeT raime niSniT miusadagoT maTi avtorebi axla mosmenil fragmentebs. axseniT Tqveni mosazrebebi, ris mixedviT amoicaniT.
ferd grofe1892-1972
otorino respigi1879-1936
klod debiusi1862-1918
fransis pulenki1899-1963
yvelaze advilad romeli avtorebis nawarmoebis mosmenisas warmo-idgineT raime suraTi? SegiZliaT aRweroT, ra warmoidgineT? rogor daasaTaurebdiT am nawarmoebebs? romeli nawarmoebis mosmenisas ver warmoidgineT veraferi, miuxe- davad imisa, rom avtors dasaTaurebuli hqonda nawarmoebi?rogor fiqrobT, ratom?
maswavlebeli kvlav mogasmeninebT am fragmentebs da daasaxelebs nawarmoe-bebs, Semdeg upasuxeT kiTxvebs: daemTxva Tu ara Tqveni warmodgenebi avtoriseuls? romeli nawarmoebi ar iyo programuli? axseniT Tqveni pasuxi; dagexmaraT saTauri musikis aRqmaSi Tu piriqiT, gaarTula misi aRqma? SeecadeT axsnaT, ratom.
63
3gamoCenil frang kompozitors moris ravels
bevri programuli musika aqvs Seqmnili. erT-erTi misi safortepiano cikli mTlianad fran-gi poetis, aloiz bertranis (1807-1941) leqsebis mixedviT aris Seq mnili. aloiz bertranma Seqmna axali Janri _ e. w. poeturi proza. misi mTavari wigni gaxlavT krebuli „Ramis gaspari“ („Ramis moCvene bebi“). ravelmac aseve daasaTaura Tavisi cikli. man am krebulidan SearCia sami leqsi pro-zad. pirveli piesa _ „undina“ amave saxelwode-bis leqszea Seqmnili. undina evropuli qveynebis legendebSi mdinareebisa da tbebis qalRmerTia. ai, rogor aRwers Tavis leqsSi undinas aloiz bertrani. gTavazobT am leqsis pirveli strofis Targmans:
„gesmis?! gesmis?! es me var, undina! me vapkureb wvimis wveTebs mTvaris usicocxlo sxiviT ganaTebul Seni fanjris SuSaze. koSkis mflobeli, muaris kabaSi, Tavisi aivnidan Sescqeris varskvlavian Rames da mSvenier, molivlive tbas...“
SeecadeT daaxasiaToT Tqveni ganwyoba erTi sityviT; mosmenisas ra ferebSi warmoidgineT suraTi? waikiTxeT zemoT warmodgenili leqsis teqsti `undinadan~, manam de gansazRvreT, ra tempiTa da intonaciiT waikiTxavT, rogor tembrs SeurCevT xmas.
moris raveli1875-1937
warmoadgineT Tqveni gansxvavebuli versia.
upirvelesad ra warmogidgaT Tvalwin am nawyvetis wakiTxvisas? daakavSireT romelime naxatTan; axseniT Tqveni arCevani.
a
g
d
b
6464
a
b
4 Tavis SemoqmedebaSi ravelma samjer mimarTa wylis stiqias. moismi-neT fragmentebi am sami nawarmoebidan: „wylis TamaSi“, „undina“, „navi zRvaSi“.
Tqveni azriT, romeli fragmenti gadmoscems bertranis leqsis ganwyobas? aRwereT, ra warmoidgineT TiToeuli piesis mosmenisas:
talRis Sxefebis xma wveTebis wkapuniwylis zedapiris livlivi
a b g
romel fragmentSi JRers wylis xma fonad? aRwereT; gaecaniT swor pasuxs da SeamowmeT, daemTxva Tu ara Tqvens varauds; Tu ar daemTxva, rogor fiqrobT, ratom? Seicvala raime Tu ara bertranis leqsisadmi Tqvens damokide-bulebaSi? Tu ki, isaubreT, ra Secvala; daakvirdiT sanoto magaliTebs. rogor fiqrobT, romel sanoto magaliT Sia warmoCenili „undinaSi“ gaJRerebuli wylis xmis efeqti?romel magaliTzea mocemuli gamokveTili melodiuri xazi? miuTiTeT da axseniT, ris mixedviT daaskveniT ase.
65
g
5 waikiTxeT am leqsis bolo strofi:
„Tavisi Cumi simReris dasrulebisas undina memudareboda, Tavisi TiTidan moxsnili beWedi mimeRo, mis cixe-koSks vwveodi, misi meuRle da tbebis mflobeli gavmxdariyavi, magram me vupasuxe, rom sxva miyvars. undina SeiSmuSna, ramdenime cremli gadmoRvara, Tumca maleve gadaixarxara da gadaiqca wvimis wveTebad, romlebic Cems fanjaras epkureboda~.
daasaxeleT, musikis ra gamomsaxveli saSualebebiT gadmoscems kompozi-tori am sityvebs?
moismineT ori fragmenti `undinadan~.
SeecadeT, am ori musikaluri fragmentidan erT-erTSi amoicnoT sityvebi leqsidan; ganmeorebiT mousmineT musikas da SeadareT teqsts. axseniT, rogor amoicaniT es sityvebi musikaSi;
a musikis ganwyobiT; ra ganwyobazea saubari?
b musikaluri efeqtebiT; ra efeqtebzea saubari?
daakvirdiT am sanoto magaliTs. Tqveni azriT, leqsidan romeli mo-mentia aq asaxuli? mousmineT am sanoto magaliTs:
6666
mousmineT mTlian piesas da mosmenilis mixedviT Tanmimdevrulad da-awyveT leqsis strofebi:
g „gesmis?! gesmis?! es me var, undina! es me vapkureb wvimis wveTebs mTva-ris usicocxlo sxiviT ganaTebul Seni fanjris wkaruna SuSaze. koS-kis mflobeli, muaris kabaSi, Tavisi aivnidan Sescqeris varskvlavian Rames da mSvenier mTvlemare tbas...“
d „TiToeuli wvrili nakadi _ niaRvars ayolili wylis mxcovani sulia, TiToeuli niaRvari _ Cems sasaxlesTan mimavali mrude bilikia, Cemi merxevi sasaxle ki tbis fskerze cecxls, miwasa da haers Sorisaa aRmarTuli“.
`gesmis? gesmis, rogor Srialebs wyali? es mamaCemi amRvrevs mas murynis mwvane totiT, Cemi debi aqafebuli xelebiT exvevian wylis SroSanebis, gladiolusebisa da balaxis qorfa kunZulebs, an dascini-an daCaCanakebul wverian tirifs da Tevzis daWeras ar aclian~.
a
„Tavisi Cumi simReris dasrulebisas undina mudariT mTxovda Ta-visi TiTidan Camoxsnili beWedi mimeRo, mis cixe-koSks vewveodi, misi meuRle da tbebis mflobeli gavmxdariyavi. magram me vupasuxe, rom sxva miyvars. undina SeiSmuSna, ramdenime cremli gadmoRvara, Tumca maleve gadaixarxara da gadaiqca wvimis wveTebad, romelic Cems fan-jaras epkureboda~.
b
`undinas~ sqemis ujrebSi CawereT saTanado strofis literi:
67
Semajamebeli gakveTili
1 warmoadgineT LMMS programaSi Sesrulebuli naSromebi.
2
ris mixedviT Sefasdeba Tqveni codna:
ver xsnis, ra asociacias an ra gancdas iwvevs masSi es musika. qula
amoicnobs calkeul ritmul figuracias, melodiur svlas, amoic-nobs calkeul intervals, magram ver akavSirebs raime konkretul mxatvrul saxesTan, ar SeuZlia im emociuri efeqtis aRwera, rome-lic am musikaluri elementebiT iqna miRweuli.
1
amoicnobs musikaluri enis ramdenime elements da ukavSi rebs raime erT mxatvrul saxes.
2
SeuZlia musikaluri enis sxvadasxva elementi daaxarisxos SemoTa-vazebuli interpretaciebis mixedviT.
3
amoicnobs musikaSi ramdenime SemoTavazebuli interpretaciis maxasiaTeblebs, werilobiT ganixilavs maT sxvadasxva Sinaarsobriv konteq stSi; sTavazobs gansxvavebul konteqsts da asabuTebs.
4
gakveTili 26-27
sxvadasxva Janris nawarmoebebSi amoicaniT deklamaciis saxeebi. cxrili gadaitaneT furcelze da niSani CawereT saTanado ujraSi.
fragmenti gamoyenebuli deklamaciis saxeobebi
mxatvruli in-tonire-buli
ritmuli me-lodekla-
macia
naxevrad-mRera
miuzikli `Cemi mSveni eri ledi~
oratoria `Jana d’arki
opera `qeTo da kote~
vokaluri cikli
`mTvaris piero~
rokopera `ieso qriste super-varskvlavi~
6868
Tavi II musika sazogadoebaSi
da sazogadoeba musikaSi
Tema: Taobebi da musika
69
Tanamedrove musikalur mimdinareobebs
rogor amovicnoT sxvadasxva periodis musika
kompoziciebis Seqmnas ist-is gamoyenebiT
rogor aisaxeba musikaSi sxvadasxva periodSi arsebuli
interesTa sferoebi
am TavSi Seiswavli:
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daimaxsovre!
popmusika (ing. pop-music) _ popularuli musika _ cneba, romelic moicavs musikaluri stilebisa da mimarTulebebis nairsaxe obebs.
1
1940-1950-iani wlebidan, da ufro adrec, ZiriTadad, amerikasa da evropaSi damkvidrda musikaluri mimdinareoba _ popularuli musika, e. w. tradiciuli popi, CvenTan mas `saestrado musikas~ uwodebdnen.
fotosuraTebze xedavT sayovelTaod aRiarebul musikosebsa da momRerlebs, romlebic me-20 s-is Sua wlebidan moyolebuli, mTeli msoflios saTayvanebeli Semoqmedni iyvnen. gsmeniaT Tu ara maT Sesaxeb? SegiZliaT daasaxeloT, ra Jan-rSi moRvaweobdnen da mogismeniaT Tu ara romelime simRera maTi SesrulebiT?
sakvanZo sityvebi
popmusika _ popi;Sansoni;jazi;souli.
lui armstrongi1901-1971
ben e. kingi(benjamen erl nelsoni)
1938-2015
ella ficjeraldi1917-1996
frenk sinatra1915-1998
edit piafi1915-1963
jgufi The Platters1953-1970
gakveTili 30-31 popularuli musika
Tanamedrove musika Janrobrivad imdenad mravalferovania, rom maTi CamoTvlac ki Zalian Sors wagviyvans. daviwyoT yvelaze cnobili da popu-laruli musikis mimarTulebebis ganxilva.
77
rogorc momRerlebis cxovrebis TariRebidan mixvdebodiT, isini daaxloe-biT erTsa da imave periodSi moRvaweobdnen; TiToeuli maTgani Tavis JanrSi Seudarebeli xelovani iyo, Taoba, romelmac Rrma kvali datova da mTeli epoqa Seqmna popmusikis istoriaSi.
daasaxeleT TqvenTvis cnobili Tana medrove musikis Janrebi.
romeli simRera mogewonaT? axseniT, ratom; mosmenili simRerebidan, romelime simRera Tu iwvevs TqvenSi iseT emo cias, rom aRar mogindebaT ganmeorebiT misi mosmena, an, piriqiT, siamovnebiT mousmendiT araerTxel? axseniT, ratom.
* kabare _ patara restorani estradiTurT, sadac imarTeba sxvadasxvagvari warmodgenebi (cekva, simRera da misT.).
1. frenk sinatra _ Fly Me To The Moon; 2. edit piafi - La Vie En Rose; 3. jgufi The Platters - Only You; 4. ella ficjeraldi _ Summertime; 5. ben e. kingi _ Stand By Me; 6. lui armstrongi _ what a wonderful world; 7. iv montani _ Sous le CIEL de Paris.
Sansoni*
popi
souli
jazi
Sansoni, souli _ musikis es Janrebi axalia TqvenTvis. ganvmartoT TiToeuli maTgani:
Sansoni franguli sityvaa da niSnavs saxalxo simRerebs. is vokalur-musikaluri Janria, franguli saestrado simRera kabares* stilSi, romelsac Sansonie asrulebs. es Janri Zalian popularuli iyo XIX saukunis dasasrulsa da XX saukunis pirvel naxevarSi.souli _ popularuli musikis Janri (soul) _ inglisuri sityvaa da qarTulad suls niSnavs. es musikac swored sulis amoZaxilia da aqcenti vokalur Ses-rulebaze, religiuri Temebis Serwymazea gakeTebuli. soulze gavlena moaxdina evropulma musikam, gaCnda solo Sesruleba. souli iT vleba Tavisufali Janris musikad, radgan igi yvelaze metad uaxlovdeba suls, fiqrebsa da gancdebs.
mousmineT cnobil musikalur kompoziciebs da miusadageT fotoebze gamosaxul Semsrulebels, isaubreT misi Sesrulebis stilze, xmis tem-brze; gamoTqviT Tqveni varaudi, riTi iyvnen isini sxvebisgan gamor-Ceulni; ratom SemorCa dRemde maTi saxelebi im uamravi Semsruleblis saxelebisgan gansxvavebiT, romlebic imave periodSi moRvaweobdnen da sakmaod warmatebiTac.
mosmenili kompoziciebis mixedviT, SeecadeT ujrebSi mocemuli Janris gan-sazRvrebebi da momRerlebis kompoziciebi daakavSireT erTmaneTTan.
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sakvanZo sityvebi
disko; ritmi; melodia; harmonia.
gavigoT, ra musikalur Janrebi da stilebi iyo popularuli gasuli saukunis 70-80-ian wlebSi, romel Janrebs aniWebdnen upiratesobas axal-gazrdebi; Seicvala Tu ara mas Semdeg Tanamedrove kompoziciebSi ritmi, harmonia, riTi gansxvavdeba dRevandeli popmusika 40-50 wlis winandlisgan; ras eniWeboda upiratesoba maSin da ras _ axla _ sasimRero melodias, ritmebs, temps Tu instrumentul Tanxlebas?
gakveTili 34-36
jo daseni
jgufi `abba~
demis ruso
moismineT am Semsruleble bis kompo-zi ciebi; isaubreT, ra grZnoba da-gitovaT mosmenilma simRerebma; daa-
xasiaTeT musika melodiis, ritmis, harmo-niis mixedviT; ivaraudeT, ro meli dekadis maxasiaTeblebs SeiZleba miakuTnoT isini da axseniT, ris mixedviT gaakeTeT arCevani.
popularuli musika, rogorc TaobebSi arsebuli ganwyobebis amsaxveli Janri
1
XX saukunis 70-ian wlebSi didi popularoba moipova sacekvao musikis erT-erTma Janrma _ diskom. is erTdroulad ganviTarda aSS-sa da evropis qveynebSi, popularobis piks ki miaRwia 1976-1981 wlebSi. 1980-iani wlebis Sua periodidan, xmisCamweri teqnikis ganviTarebisa da framfirfitebis gayidvis Semcirebis gamo, diskom TandaTan dakarga popularoba.
diskos musikisTvis damaxasiaTebelia sacekvao ritmuli moZraobebi, zoma 4/4.
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jgufi `boni-em~
Tina terneri
Sarl aznavuri da mirei matie
Tqveni azriT, es kompoziciebi erTi da imave dekadas ekuTvnis Tu ara?
gansxvavdeba Tu ara erTmaneTisgan sxvadasxva aTwleulis popmusika? ra maxasia Teblebis mixedviT gansxvavdeba?
axseniT Tqveni pasuxi.
fotoze gamosaxuli momRerlebis Tu jgufebis mier Sesrulebuli kompozi-ciebis mosmenis Semdeg, romel musikalur Janrsa Tu mimdinareobas miakuTvnebT maT?
moiZieT informacia maT Sesaxeb.
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2 amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi 1940-50 wlebSi Seiqmna mravali simRera, romlebic dRes e. w. klasikuri popis nimuSebad aris miCneuli. am periods rokmusikis wina periods uwodeben. es simRerebi dasaxelebuli aTwleu-lis axal gazrdebis ganwyobas gadmoscemda. swored am simRerebis wyalo-biT SegviZlia warmovidginoT, Tu ra interesebi hqondaT maT.
1. endi uiliamsi, `The day of wine and roses~; 2. pol vensi da li porkisi, `Catch a Falling Star~;3. irving berlini, `A Couple of Swells~.
3 Tqven winaSea cxrili, sadac warmodgenilia am Taobis zogierTi maxasiaTe-
beli. cxrilis ramdenime ujra carielia, romlebic Tavad unda SeavsoT qvemoT mocemuli maxasiaTeblebidan. mousmineT am periodSi Seqmnil simRerebs, maTi ganwyobis mixedviT SearCieT sami saTanado maxasiaTebeli da SeitaneT cxrilis cariel ujrebSi:
cxrili
ra Taobaa es? populacia maxasiaTeblebi
• gaizardnen didi depresiisa da meore msoflio omis periodSi;• qmedebebi ganpirobebu-lia didi depresiisa da meore msoflio omis dros miRebuli gamocdilebiT;• yvelaze mdidari Taoba;• yvelaze kanonmorCili Taoba;• mamakacebi muSaobdnen, xolo qalebi ojaxs uvlid-nen da Svilebs zrdid nen.
• 55 milioni• pensionerebis maRali procenti
•
•
• konservatorebi (yovelgvari siaxlis mimarT undob-lad ganwyobilni da Camoya-libebuli Sexedulebebis, tradiciebis mimdevrebi da mxardamWerni);
• yvelaze momTmenni;
•
• tradiciuli ojaxuri fa-seulobebis Tayvanimcemlebi;
• Tavganwirulebi.
maxasiaTeblebi:• cinikuri;• swrafva simartivisken;• iniciativiani;• optimisturi;• swrafva mSvidi da finansurad daculi cxovrebisken;• skeptikuri.
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ra STabeWdileba SegiqmnaT am Taobis Sesaxeb mosmenilma simRerebma? rogori mogeCvenaT simRerebi? airCieT daxasiaTeba da axseniT Tqveni pasuxi:
4ganmeorebiT moismineT samive simRera da upasuxeT kiTxvebs: Tqveni azriT, ra aqvT am simRerebs saerTo? miuTiTeT, romeli simReris motivi iyo yvelaze Znelad an yvelaze martivad amosacnobi; romel simReraSia gadmocemuli yvelaze Rrma gancda? axseniT, ratom fiqrobT ase; romeli simRera gaJRerda Tavidan bolomde? qvemoT mocemuli variantebi dan, romelia am simReris struqtura?
a) A-B-A-B-A; b) A A1 ½ A2; g) I-A-A-B-b-A-A-B.
miamituri
laRi
Znelad dasamaxsovrebeli
mosawyeni
a
b
g
d
romeli simReris fragmentia qvemoT warmodgenili?
rogor fiqrobT, erTi motivia aq warmodgenili Tu meti?
SeZlebisdagvarad waimRereT es motivi.
5 rogorc ukve aRiniSna, e. w. rokis wina periodSi (me-20 saukunis 20-50-ani wlebi) Seiqmna simRe rebi, romlebic klasikuri popis standartad miiCnies. es imas niSnavs, rom, upirveles yovlisa, Seiqmna simRerebis agebulebis (struqturis) standartebi, romlebsac dResac iyeneben popmusikaSi.
moismineT fragmentebi kol porteris simReridan „Let’s Do It~.qvemoT mocemulia sqema, romlis TiToeuli ujra esadageba am simReris frag mentebs..
nimuSis mixedviT CasviT am fragmentebis literebi saTanado ujraSi. Tu amoicnobT, romeli fragmentia, sqemis Sevseba ar gagiWirdebaT.sqema:
Sesavali Intro
g)
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romeli audiofragmentis motivebi hgavs erTmaneTs? daasaxeleT lite rebi; isaubreT, ra gansxvavebaa am or audiofragments Soris; romeli asoebiTaa aRniSnuli es audiofragmentebi sqemaSi? romeli audiofragmenti hgavs nawilobriv erTmaneTs? Tqveni azriT, riTi hgavs? romeli audio fragmenti ar hgavs saerTod danarCenebs? ratom? rogor aris sqemaSi es fragmenti aRniSnuli? romeli fragmentebis motivia warmodgenili am sanoto CanawerSi?
waimRereT es motivi.
kargad daakvirdiT qvemoT mocemul sanoto Canawers da gamoTqviT vara udi, ramdeni motivisgan Sedgeba es monakveTi (daasaxeleT swori ricxvi): a) 8; b) 4; g) 5; d) 7; e) 6.
• • • • ••• •
qvemoT mocemulia simReris „Let’s Do It~ struqtura. audiofailiT mousmineT simReras mTlianad da oTxi variantidan SearCieT swori struqtura:
rogor fiqrobT, Taobis romel maxasiaTebels esadageba es simRera? ratom? simReraSi xSirad meordeba erTi da igive motivi. rogor aRwevs avtori imas, rom msmenels igi ar swyindeba? ra intervaliT iwyeba es simRera? am intonacias, TiTqos sevdiani an tragikuli ganwyoba unda Semoetana, Tqveni azriT, ra efeqts aRwevs am SemTxvevaSi kompozitori da ris xarjze? wina aqtivobis magaliTis mixedviT, gamosaxeT „Let’s Do It” simReris struqtura literebiT.
•
1) A-AA-A1-B-A2- A-A1-B-A2; 2) I-A-B-A1-A-B-A1;
3) I-A-B-A1-B-B-A 4) I-A-B-A1-A-B-A
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6 am aqtivobaSi yuradRebas gavamaxvilebT e. w. klasikuri popmusikis
„oqros xanis“ kidev erT maxasiaTebelze, romelmac am periodis simRerebi standartad aqcia. mousmineT fil muris simReras „Shoo Shoo Baby” da gaeciT pasuxi kiTxvebs:
ra aqvs saerTo am simReras kol porteris simRerasTan „Let’s do it~? ra mogeCvenaT uCveulo am simReraSi?
motivi ritmi struqtura
taSiT SeasruleT qvemoT moyvanili ritmuli figuracia da daiTvaleT:
a
daakvirdiT, rogoraa gadanawilebuli metruli aqcentebi. aseT ritms sinkopa ewodeba.
Tqveni varaudiT, ratomaa noti wiTlad gaferadebuli, ras unda niSnavdes es?
Zlieri da susti wilebis Tanabar monacvleobas metri ewodeba. musikaluri metri mravalgvaria, amis gaTvaliswinebiT, wili
SeiZ leba iyos Zlieri da susti. Zlieri wili yovelTvis aqcentire-bulia, susti ki _ ara. magaliTad, valsSi, gvesmis monacvleoba _ erTi, ori, sami. aqedan pirveli Tvla (erTi) ufro gamokveTilia, mas Zlier dros vuwodebT, romelic mTeli nawarmoebis manZilze Tanabari intervaliT ismis. valsSi gvesmis sami nabijis monac-vleoba, Zlieri-susti-susti _ erTi-ori-sami. amas vizualuradac vig rZnobT mocekvave wyvilis moZraobisas. es aris erTgvarovani metri, nabijebi, romlebic gamoixateba, ZiriTadad, meoTxedi bgere-bis xangrZlivobiT.
daimaxsovre!
sinkopa _ mu si kaluri maxvilis gadanacvleba taqtis Zlieri drodan sustze; es niSnavs, rom ritmuli da metruli aqcentebi erTmaneTs ar emTxveva. sinkopa berZnuli sityvaa da sityvasityviT CamoTlas, gadanacvlebas niSnavs.
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daakvirdiT, rogor nawildeba metruli aqcentebi sinkopis SemTxvevaSi Zlieri da susti drois wilebTan SefardebiT, orwilad da oTxwilad zomaSi:
SeasruleT es ritmuli figuracia wyvilSi.
2
er- Ti- o- ri
erTi ori
erTi ori sami oTxi
erTi ori-sami oTxi
7 mousmineT kidev or simReras: laionel belaskos da lord inveideris `Rum and Coca-Cola”; ben oklandis da milton dreikis „Java Jive~ `(Java Jive~). romel simReraSi gesmiT sinkopa?
am orive simReraSi aSkarad ismis, rom teqstis metri gadamwyvet rols asrulebs. rogor fiqrobT, ra datvirTva aqvs teqsts simReraSi `Rum and Coca-Cola~?
ra efeqts aRwevs es ritmi simReraSi? Taobis ra maxasiaTebels daukavSirebdiT am simRerebs?
ra ganwyobas gadmoscems es simRera? ras ganapirobebs teqstis metri simReraSi „Java Jive~? gamoTqviT varaudi, ra tipis ritmia am simReraSi? SearCieT swori pasuxi:
sinkopaa Tanabari grZliobebis ritmib punqtiruli ritmig
8 klasikuri popsimRerebis kidev erTi Tviseba aris is, rom, rokis stilis simRerebis umravlesobisgan gan sxvavebiT, iZleva sxvadasxva inter-pretaciis saSualebas. ami tomacaa, rom araerTi gamoCenili mom Rerali asrulebs erTi da imave simReras sakuTari interpretaciiT.
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mousmineT erT-erTi cnobili simReris `As time goes by~ (kompozitori herman hapfeldi) or interpretacias bili holideisa da jimi diurantes SesrulebiT; vidre Canawerebs mousmendeT, daak-virdiT am simReris Semsruleblebis fo toebs da ivaraudeT, rogor Sesrulebas elodebiT am mom-Rerlebisgan.
axseniT Tqveni mosazreba.
jimi diurante1893-1980
bili holidei1915-1959
herman hapfeldi1894-1951
literiT aRniSneT, romeli ritmi romel nomrad mosmenil kompozi-cias ekuTvnis; daasaxeleT, romeli kompoziciis ritmuli figuraciaa TqvenTvis yvelaze saintereso da ratom; taSiT daiTvaleT TiToeuli ma galiTi, miuTiTeT im sanoto Canawer(eb)ze, sadac sinkopirebuli ritmia.
audioCanaweriT ganmeorebiT mousmineT sami kompoziciis fragmentebs: kol porteri, „Let’s do it~, fil muri, „Shoo Shoo Baby~, oklandi da m. dreiki ̀ Rum and Coca-Cola~. daakvirdiT qvemoT ritmebis Canawers, amoi-caniT, romel notebzea sinkopirebuli ritmi da daasaxeleT, romeli ritmuli naxazi romeli simReridanaa:
a
b
g• •
• •
• •
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moismineT jastin biberis simRera _ Never Say Never (arasodes Tqva arasodes) da ivaraudeT, popmusikis romel mimdinareobas mie kuTvneba is; daasaxeleT is dekada (aTwleuli), romlis maxasiaTeblebic, Tqveni azriT, miesadageba am kompozicias. axseniT Tqveni pasuxi.
daasaxeleT am mimdinareobis sxva musikaluri magaliTebi da TqvenTvis nacnobi Semsruleblebi.
# kiTxvebi bili holidei
jimi diurante
1 visi SesrulebiT mogewonaT simRera yvelaze metad? axseniT, ratom.
2 romelime Sesrulebisas dagebadaT Tu ara dialogis SegrZneba _ TiTqos momRerali raRacas uziarebs msmenels? rogor aRwevs amas Semsrulebeli?
3 romeli Sesruleba JRers rogorc monolo-gi, TiTqos Semsrulebeli mxo lod TavisTvis mReris, yuradRebas arc ki aqcevs msmenels? ra xerxebiT aRwevs Semsrulebeli am efeqts?
4 Semsruleblebma TavianTi Cana fiqris mixedviT Secvales simReris forma. ra forma aqvs simReras TiToeuli momRer lis SesrulebiT? gamosaxeT literebiT orives struqtura.
5 rogor fiqrobT, formis Sec vliT simReram dakarga Tu ara raime?
6 rogor SeiZleba Seicvalos simReris emoci-uri muxti?
9 kompleqsuri davalebisTvis qvemoT mocemulia kiTxvebi, romlebsac unda upasuxoT oTxive interpretaciis mosmenis Semdeg. Semsruleblebis gra-faSi CawereT niSani da, sadac kiTxva moiTxovs, axseniT Tqveni va raudi.
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vidre maswavlebeli sworad Sevsebul cxrils gagacnobT, upasuxeT kiTxvebs:
ra dagexmaraT cxrilis SevsebaSi? aqtivobis pirobidan gamomdinare, simRera N2 aris ̀ qanTri~ stilSi Seqmnili. Tqveni azriT, romeli simRera hgavs am simReras yvelaze metad an naklebad? ratom? am kiTxvebze pasuxis Semdeg Tu SecvaleT raime Tqvens cxrilSi? axseniT.
gaecaniT sworad Sevsebul cxrils. SeadareT Tqven mier Sevsebuli cxrili sworad Sevsebuls. rogor fiqrobT, ram gamoiwvia Tqveni Secdomebi?
10gasuli saukunis 40-ian wlebSi popmusikaSi seriozuli gardatexa moxda. swored am wlebSi SeimCneva niSnebi imisa, rom male unda dadges rokenrolis xana, romelmac mTlianad Secvala popmusikis saxe.
inglisuri baladis, ebrauli klezmeris (klezmerebi iyvnen ebraeli musikosebi, romlebic ukravdnen qorwilebsa da sxvadasxva dResaswaulze), evropeli xalxebis musikaluri intonaciebiT gajerebul melodiebsa da daxvewil jazur harmoniebs nel-nela enacvleba ufro martivi, advilad dasamaxsovrebeli, anglo-keltur folklorze agebuli kovbouri simRerebi, rac qanTri stiliT aris cnobili. ra Tqma unda, es stili ukve didi xani arsebobda amerikul musikaSi, magram sayovelTao popularobas man zustad ormociani wlebis miwurulsa da ormocdaaTiani wlebis dasawyisSi miaRwia.
`qanTri~ stils axasiaTebs energiuli, sicocxliT savse melodiebi, martivi harmoniebi da mkveTri sacekvao ritmi. am mimarTulebam moamzada saTanado niadagi rokenrolis gamoCenisTvis. mousmineT ormociani wlebis ramdenime simReris fragmentebs, SeadareT erTmaneTs; daakvirdiT, rogor martivdeba am simRerebis musikaluri ena.
1949 wels absoluturi lideri xdeba qanTri stilSi Seqmnili simRera „Lovesick blues“, romelic popmusikaSi axali xanis dadgomas moaswavebda. da-narCeni ori simRera sxvadasxva wlis hitebia. mosmenisas SeecadeT amoicnoT, romeli wlis hiti SeiZleba iyos TiToeuli maTgani, romeli miekuTvneba klasikur popmusikas da romeli _ jazs; Tqveni varaudiT daalageT es simRerebi musikaluri enis sirTulis mixedviT _ rTulidan martivamde.
1. juli staini da semi kani _ `Five minutes more~ (kidev xuTi wuTi). 2. klif frendi da irving milsi _ ̀ Lovesick blues~ (bluzze Seyvarebuli); 3. herold erleni da ted koxleri _ `Stormy weather~ (`qariSxliani amindi~).
gadaitaneT cxrili rveulSi da CawereT saTanado simReris nomeri (erTi simReris nomeri ukve Cawerilia):
weli simReris nomeri
1942
1946
1949 N2
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sakvanZo sityvebi
rokenroli;bluzi; roki, popi.
roki afroamerikuli musikis, gospelis, ritm-end-bluzis, bluzisa* da ameri-kuli ̀ qanTri~ musikis Serwymis Sedegad warmoqmnili mimdina reobaa. kompoziciebi gamoirCeva mkveTrad gamoxa tuli ritmiT, umetesad, swrafi tempiTa da erTgvari gamomwvevi xasiaTiT.
1940-1950-ian wlebSi musikis moyvaruli mozardebi axal stils, axal intonaciebs, axal SegrZnebebs eZebdnen. farTo masebSi TandaTan didi popularoba moipova iseTma mimdinareobebma, rogorebicaa: disko, jazi, rokenroli, roki da sxv., romelebic im Taobis grZnobebsa da miswarafebebs exmianeboda.
1
zogi afroamerikeli musikosi ukve 1920-1930-ian wlebSic ukravda rokenrolis musikas ise, rom es gacnobiere buli arc ki hqonda, Tumca am musikis wardgena msmenelTa farTo sazogadoebisaTvis TeTrkanian musikosebs xvdaT wilad. 1954 wels bil heili (Bill Haley) sazogadoebis winaSe warsdga simReriT `Rock Around The Clock~ (`roki SeuCereblad~), romelsac arnaxuli warmateba hqonda.
mousmineT am kompozicias da Tqvenc ahyeviT xmiTa da moZraobiT.
bil heli1925-1981
gakveTili 37 popmusikis zogierTi mimdinareobis maxasiaTeblebi
da sxvadasxva Taobis ganmasxvavebeli Tvisebebi
* bluzi _ (ing. blues _ sevda), musikis forma da musikaluri Janri, afroamerikuli lirikuli solo simRera. aRmocenda XIX s-is II naxevarSi aSS-s samxreTSi; dafuZnebulia samstrofiani leqsis formaze. bluzi aris maJorul-minoruli kilos sinTezi, aqvs Tavisi kilo, romelsac `Blue~ kilos uwodeben, sadac III, V, VII safexurebi dadablebulia. amitomac aris bluzi sevdiani ganwyobis. melodiisTvis damaxasiaTebelia kiTxva-pasuxis struqtura. dasawyisSi sruldeboda banjos an gitaris akompanementiT, SemdgomSi _ fortepianosa da instrumentu-li ansamblis TanxlebiTac. mogvianebiT Sereul iqna sxva JanrebTan, rogorebicaa jazi, ritm-end-bluzi da rokenroli.
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termini _ „rokenroli“ _ pirvelad 1955 wels qalaq klivlendis diskoTekis energiulma disk-Jokeim, alan freidma, gaaJRera. man bevri ram gaakeTa axali musikaluri stilis popularizaciisTvis, romelsac im dros amerikis SeerTe-buli Statebis konservatiuli sazogadoebisgan didi winaaRmdegoba Sexvda.
Cak berirokenrolis erT-erTi
mamamTavari1926-2017
1954 wels asparezze gamoCnda elvis presli, ̀ saZageli~ biWis ukmayofilo gamoxedviT, macdunebeli RimiliTa da xaverdovani xmiT. igi SesaniSnavad uxamebda erTmaneTs svings, gospelsa da kovboebis serenadas. mis musikaSi Sezavebuli iyo rokis Semadgeneli elementebi. miliono-biT mozardi mas baZavda CacmulobiT, varcxnilobiT, siarulisa da cxovrebis wesiT: jinsi, tyavi, gadaglesili Tma, e. w. `banani~, gamomwvevi pozebi da sxv.
elvis preslisa da brwyinvale musikosebis mier Seq-mnili kompoziciebi iyo TeTrkanianTa daxvewili, melo-diuri fermeruli simRerebis, afroamerikelTa sinkopirebuli ritmebisa da bluzis narevi.
es sruliad axali forma SeiZleba rokenrolis sawyis wer-tilad miviCnioT. simRera `That’s All Right Mama~ (yvelaferi kargadaa, deda~) umal sensaciad iqca. preslim Zalian swrafad gaiTqva saxeli aSS-s samxreT StatebSi; maleve is „rokenrolis“ mefed aRiares da mTel msoflioSi Tayvaniscemis sagnad iqca rogorc sicocxleSi, ise sikvdilis Semdeg.
elvis presli1935-1977
rokenroli, romelic ufrosma Taobam Tavi-danve cudad miiRo, kargad gamoxatavs mozar-dTa miswrafebebs, razec 1957 wels mReroda Cak beri simReraSi `School Days~ (skolis dReebi):
`rodesac jukboqsis (musikaluri aparatis) WrilSi monetas agdeb, raRac iseTis mosmena gsurs, rac scildeba gonierebis sazRvrebs. Sen imis Sebmas cdilob, vinc giyvars, radgan mTeli dRe cekvaze ocnebobdi~.
es gitaristi da momRerali rokenrolis im aseulobiT nimuSis Semqmnelia, romelTac udides warmatebas miaRwies. maT Sorisaa `Johnny B.Goode~. igi STagonebis wyaro gaxda mravali inglisuri rok-jgufis, maT Soris The Beatles-isa da Rolling Stones-isaTvis.
moismineT kompoziciebi: elvis presli _ `That’s All Right Mama~; `Can’t Help Falling In Love~; Cak beri _ `Johnny B.Goode~.
ra STabeWdileba moaxdina am simRerebma Tqvenze? 40-50-ianelma axalgazrdebma ucbadve aitaces axali musikaluri mimar-Tuleba; Tqveni azriT, ra iyo amis mizezi: a) axalgazrdebis protesti, wina Taobis mier dawesebuli kanonebis dacinva; b) Tavisuflebis gamovlena; g) TviTdamkvidrebis saSualeba; d) samive erTad.
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mTel msoflioSi rokmusikas uamravi Tayvanis mcemeli hyavs. es Janri did socialur-kulturul movlenad iqca. igi yoveli axali Taobis ganwyobis mixed-viT icvleba, dasaxelebebs icvlis, TiTqos erTmaneTs ewinaaRmdegeba kidec, magram Tavisi arsiT ucvleli rCeba.
Tanamedrove rokmusikis mravlismomcvelobam is musikaluri xelovnebis iseT gansakuTrebul da mravalferovan formad aqcia, romelsac unari Seswevs, gaiTavisos bluzis, folkis, laTinuri ritmebis, jazisa da klasikuri musikis elementebic ki.
Tvalyuri mivadevnoT ramdenime aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi mis evolucias, gavicnoT ramdenime gamoCenili musikosi, romlebmac TavianTi SemoqmedebiT Rrma kvali datoves popmusikis sxvadasxva mimdinareobis ganviTarebaSi.
dasawyisisTvis yuradReba gavamaxviloT, ZiriTadad, in glisurenovan _ ameri-kul da britanul _ popularuli Janris musikaze, radgan swored man iqonia gavlena mTeli msoflios musikalur kulturaze.
1960-iani wlebis dasawyisSi rokenrolis stilisturi sazRvrebi ga-farTovda da aRmocenda damoukidebeli Janri _ rokmusika. ̀ rokmusika~ popularuli musikis sxvadasxva mimarTulebis saerTo dasaxelebaa.
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gakveTili 38-39
xelovnebis yvela dargs Soris musika komuni-kaciis saukeTeso formaa, romelsac ar gaaCnia enobrivi barieri; musika teqstis gareSec aRZravs emociebs.
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rokmusikis seriozuli Canasaxi jer kidev 1951-1952 wlebSi gaCnda, rodesac axalgazrda amerikelma momReralma liTl riCardma zangur ritm-end-bluzSi (R&B) cvli lebebis Setana daiwyo.
liTl riCardi1932-2020
1. liTl riCardi _ `Tutti Frutti~; 2. jimi hendriqsi _ `Purple Haze~ (`mewamuli nisli~).
daaxasiaTeT es kompoziciebi ritmis, xasiaTis mixedviT; isaubreT, ra grZnobebs aRZravs TqvenSi, ra maxasiaTeblebiT hgvanan an gansxvavdebian isini erTmaneTisagan; Tqveni azriT, romel kompozicias miesadageba qvemoT moyvanili frazebi:a) emociuri afeTqeba; misi mosmenisas emocia teqstis gareSec aRiZvreba;b) sakuTari gancdebis wina planze wamoweva, gatacebebi, siyvaruli;g) orives;d) arcerTs.
moismineT erT-erTi simReris ritmi da amoicaniT, romels ekuTvnis mosmenili ori kompo ziciidan.
1969 wlis 14 agvistos, niu-iorkidan 120 kilo-metris daSorebuli fermis teritoriaze samdRi-ani vudstokis rokmusikis festivali gaimarTa, romelmac amerikis istoriaSi rekorduli raode-nobis msmeneli miizida _ TiTqmis 500 000 kaci.
kokispirul wvimaSi gvarianad galumpuli mayurebeli sixa ruliT miesalma scenaze gamosul jimi hendriqss, im drois saukeTeso gitarists, romelmac Seas rula simRera Purple Haze. hendriq-sis musika, iseve rogorc TviT vudstokis fes-tivali, Semobrunebis momentad iqca rokmusikis istoriaSi. am musikosis Sesrulebis sruliad axleburma ma neram mas sayovelTo popularoba moutana. naTeli gaxda, rom rokmusika popu-laruli garTobidan seriozul xelovnebad iqca.
jimi hendriqsi1942-1970
ritm-end-bluzi popularuli afroamerikuli musikaluri stili, romelic warmoiSva 1940-1950-ian wlebSi aSS-Si. sakravebidan ZiriTadad gamoiyene ben: dasartyam danadgars, basgitaras, klaviSebian sakravs, eleqtrogitaras. Tanamed-rove R&B aerTianebs soulis, fankis, sacekvao musikisa da hip-hopis elementebs.
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1960 wels inglisis CrdiloeTSi mdebare muSaTa qalaq liverpulSi Seiqmna jgufi The Beatles.
1965 wels jgufis wevrebi britaneTis imperiis ordenis kavalrebi gaxdnen. dedofalma eli sabed II-m isini madlobis niSnad daajildova im savaluto SemosavlebisaTvis, riTac maT samefo xazina gaamdidres.
moismineT `biTlzebis~ SesrulebiT simRera `Something~. gaixseneT, ra simRerebis mogismeniaT am jgufis SesrulebiT; aris Tu ara TqvenTvis saintereso es kompoziciebi; isaubreT, romeli mogwonT yvelaze metad da ratom; riTi gansxvavdeba `biTlzis~ simRerebi sxva Semsruleblebis kom-poziciebisgan; daaxasiaTeT maTi Sesrulebis manera, ritmis, harmoniisa da sxva saSem sruleblo-gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebis mixedviT.
Deep Purple — inglisuri rok-jgufi iTvleba mZime metalisa da mZime rokis erT-erT pionerad, Tumca Tvlian, rom misi musika romelime Janrs ar miekuTvneba. ginesis msoflio rekordebis wignis mixedviT, 1975 wels Deep Purple iTvleboda msoflios yvelaze xmaurian jgufad.
moismineT Deep Purple-s kompozicia ̀ Smoke On The Water~.
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Tqveni azriT, ra iyo jgufis esoden didi warmatebis mizezi? ra iyo maT SesrulebaSi axali da gansakuTrebuli? daaxasiaTeT maTi Sesrulebis stili.
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„biTlzTan“ erTad gamoCnda jgufi „roling stounzi“. maT maleve moipoves popularoba. maTi simReris manera da Sinaarsi mkveTrad gansxvavdeboda `biTlzis~ stilTan.
„roling stounzi“ (Rolling stones) 1962 wels Camoyalibda. es mas Semdeg moxda, rac rkinigzis sadgurze SemTxveviT erTmaneTs Sexvdnen mik jageri da kit riCardsi _ klaselebi, romelTac erTmaneTi skolis damTavrebis Semdeg ar enaxaT. Zvelma megobrebma male aRmoaCines, rom oriveni musikosob-dnen da orives erTnairi musika uyvarda. es sakmarisi aR-moCnda jgufis Camosayalibeblad.
mik jageri (vokali), kit riCardsi (gitara, vokali), bra-ian jonsi (gitara), bil vaimeni (basgitara), Carli uotsi (dasartyami instrumentebi) _ ai, eseni Seadgendnen „roling sto unzs“, rac qarTulad albaT SeiZleba vigindarebad iTar-gmnos. „vigindarebs“ TiTqosda warmatebis miRwevis araviTari Sansi ar hqondaT. isini ar iyvnen virtuozi Semsruleblebi, magram, amis miuxedavad, „rolingebi“ yvela winaaRmdegobas warmatebiT umklavdebodnen, win miiwevdnen giJuri tempiT, yoveli cdunebisa da gansacdelis Semdeg kidev ufro Zli-erdebodnen da kidev ufro karg musikas qmnidnen.
mik jagerii
bil vaimeni
Carli uotsi
kit riCardsi
braian jonsi
moismineT ritmuli fragmentebi Deep Purple-sa da Rolling stones-s kompoziciebidan; paralelurad daak-virdiT qvemoT mocemul sanoto Canawers da amoicaniT, mosmenili simRerebidan romeli jgufis kompoziciis dasawyisis ritmuli figuraciaa:
SeafaseT jgufis gamosvla; Tqveni azriT, ra aris imis mizezi, rom es jgufi 50 weliwadze metia scenazea da maT koncertebze, rogorc ityvian, nemsi ar Ca-vardeba?
moismineT an naxeT videoCanaweri _ Rolling stones - `I cant get no~.
........
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1
`gepeis~ anu saxelmwifo teqnikuri universitetis kvarteti 1954 wels Seiqmna.kvarteti 1950-iani wlebis meore naxevarSi iseTi popularuli gaxda, rom mos-kovSi, xalxiT gadaWedil darbazebSi, mis koncertebs cxenosani milicia icavda.
moismineT ramdenime simRera gasuli saukunis 50-60-iani wlebis qar-Tuli estradis nimuSebidan; isaubreT mosmenilze, ritmebze, teqstebis Sinaarsze da a.S.
gamoTqviT Tqveni mosazreba: ramdenad etyoba qarTul estradas ev-ropuli da amerikuli popmusikis gavlena?
1. ̀ yvavilebis meufe~ (`yvavilebis qveyana~) jano bagrationis SesrulebiT; 2. gepeis kvarteti _ `aim, mTazeda~; 3. giuli Coxeli _ `mogoneba~; 4. suliko koroSinaZe _ `me Tbiliseli biWi var~.
Tamaz cincaZe, guram bakuraZe, SoTa xarabaZe, guram bzvaneli
qarTuli popularuli musika guSin da dRes
me-20 saukunis meore naxevarSi qarTuli musika daaxloebiT im scenariT ganviTarda, rogorc danarCeni msoflios did nawilSi _ erovnuli koloriti im droisTvis modur saerTaSoriso stilebsa da midgomebs Seerwya da Sedegad mogvca namuSevrebi, romlebic, erTi mxriv, qarTuli folkloruli elementebis wyalobiT, TviTmyofadi iyo da, meore mxriv, ase Tu ise, axal mimdinareobebsac ubamda mxars.
saqarTveloSi, iseve rogorc mTel msoflioSi, popmusikas uamravi Tayvanis mcemeli hyavs. es Janri Tavidanve did socialur-kulturul movlenad iqca.
Tanamedrove popmusika Camoyalibda iseTi Janris paralelurad, rogoricaa rokmusika. manamde ki, 1940_1950-iani wlebidan, da ufro adrec, damkvidrebuli iyo e. w. tradiciuli popi, CvenTan mas `saestrado musikas~ vuwodebT.
qarTuli jazis dabadeba jano bagrationi ufrosis saxels ukavSirdeba, rom-lis TaosnobiTac 1945-46 wlebSi pirveli qarTuli jaz-orkestri Camoyalibda.
gakveTili 43-44
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ansambli „orera“ 1958 wels Camoyalibda, Tumca, misi oficialuri Seqmnis TariRad 1961 weli iTvleba. `orera~ iyo pirveli vokalur-instrumentuli ansambli mTel sabWoTa kavSirSi.
`oreras~ pirveli wevrebi iyvnen robert barZi-maSvili, Teimuraz daviTaia, zurab iaSvili da Tamaz fanCviZe.
Tqven moismineT simRerebi, romlebic 50-60-70-ian wlebSia Seqmnili; rogor fiqrobT, romeli simRera romel dekadas miekuTvneba? gaixseneT am dekadebis maxasiaTeblebi; mosmenili simRerebis STabeWdilebidan gamomdinare, daaxasiaTeT am periodis qarTuli popularuli musika melodiis, ritmis, harmoniis mixedviT. ra msgavsebas da gansxvavdebas amCnevT? romeli simRera mogwonT yvelaze metad? romeli simRera ufro ax-losaa Tqvens ganwyobasTan? romels mousmendiT xSirad? romel kompoziciaSia gamoyenebuli sinkopirebuli ritmi?Tqveni azriT, igrZnoba Tu ara qarTul popularul musikaSi amerikuli da evropuli popmusikis gavlena? raSi gamoixateba is?
ansambli `orera~ _ `mTebi~; `biWikos simRera~ k/f-dan `udiplomo sasiZo~ (kompozitori biZina kvernaZe) suliko koroSinaZis SesrulebiT; inola gurgulia _ `moval~, `Zeglad gadmomefare~; ansambli `75~ _ `qari~; ansambli `iveria~ _ `simRera saqarTveloze~.
ormociani wlebis bolosa da ormocdaaTianebis meore naxevarSi gadaRebuli filmebiT: „bednieri Sexvedra“ da „sabudareli Wabuki“, mTelma saqarTvelom gaicno valerian ZagniZisa da Salva CxikvaZis 1938 wels Camoyalibebuli dueti.
am duetis orxmianma vokalurma harmoniam da or gitaraze Sesrulebis sxartma, jango reinhardtiseulma maneram namdvili gadatrialeba moaxdina maSindel qarTul musikaSi. im dros popularuli kompoziciebis maTeuli interpretaciebi da cnobil melodiebze SeTxzuli feletonebi qarTuli simReris klasikad iqca da dResac ki ar JRers moZvelebulad.
moismineT simRera `yayaCo~valerian ZagniZisa da Salva CxikvaZis Ses-rulebiT.
nani bregvaZe
vaxtang kikabiZe
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moismineT revaz laRiZis simRera ̀ Tovlis fifqi~ k/f-dan ̀ yvavili Tovlze~ (teqsti petre gruzinskis). SeiswavleT es simRera da isaubreT Tqvens SegrZnebebze.
gareT Tovs da gulSi mainc daria,SenTan moval, Senken momixaria,Tovlis fifqi Tavneba tuCebze rom madneba,Seni kocna mgonia.
misamReridila odela, dila odela, nana,dila odela, dila odela, nana,dila odela, nanina, dila odela, nanina,aba, odela, deli odela.
Tovli, rogorc zambaxebis fanteli,zed meyreba cidan, magram ramdeni!Tovlis fifqi Tavneba, tuCebze rom madneba,rogorc Seni ambori,Tovlis fifqi Tavneba, tuCebze rom madneba,rogorc Seni ambori.
misamReridila odela, dila odela, nana...gareT Tovs da gulSi mainc daria,SenTan moval, Senken momixaria.
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115
jgufi `mgzavrebi~ _ `gaiRviZa bunebam~;g. yanCeli _ `saiT midixar~, `Sen erTad-erTi~;
naxeT videokadrebi nino qaTamaZisa da jguf `insaiTis~ sakoncerto gamos-vlidan _ `ax, turfav, turfav~.
Tqveni azriT, romeli simRera iyo emociurad yvelaze metad damux-tuli? romel simReraSi metad Cans eTnointonaciebi? Tqveni azriT, ratom gamoiyena Semsrulebelma aseTi forma? rogor fiqrobT, formis Secvlam misca Tu ara kompozicias gansxvavebuli muxti? isaubreT, rogor Seicvala emociuri muxti; ra rols TamaSobs musikaluri Tanxleba? exameba Tu ara Tanamedrove ritmebi xalxur intonaciebs? mosmenilTagan, romel kompoziciaSi araa gamoyenebuli xalxuri Tematika? rogor daaxasiaTebT Tanamedrove qarTul popmusikas? Tqveni azriT, ratom gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisgan sxvadasxva aTwleu-lis popmusika?
maxasiaTeblebi
me-20 s-is 50-70-iani wlebis qar-Tuli popmusika
Tanamedrove qarTuli popmusika
maxasiaTeblebi, romliTac gan-sxvavdeba sxvadasxva aTwleulis
qarTuli popmusika
gadaxazeT cxrili rveulSi da CamowereT es maxasiaTeblebi:
moiZieT damatebiTi informacia da moamzadeT proeqti: `Tanamedrove qarTuli popmusika~; Tan daurTeT audio da video masala.
nino qaTamaZe
jgufi `mgzavrebi~
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Tavi III me musikaSi da musika CemSi
Tema: martooba da erToba musikaSi
ra musikalur-gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebiT aisaxeba erToba musikaSi.
kompoziciebis Seqmnas ist-is gamoyenebiT
ra musikalur-gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebiT aisaxeba martooba musikaSi.
rogor amovicnoT musikaSi martoobis nairsaxeobebiT gamowveuli gancda.
am TavSi Seiswavli:
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martoobis formebi da musikis gamomsaxvelobiTi
xerxebi
martoobis gancda TiTqmis yvela CvenganisTvis nacnobia. xSirad vcdilobT, gaveqceT mas, zogjer ki, piriqiT _ marto darCena gvsurs. xSir SemTxvevaSi kidevac vcdilobT davZlioT martoobis gancda, magram ver vaxerxebT. davdivarT kafeebSi, barebSi, sadac umetesad sul xmamaRali musika JRers, risTvis viqceviT ase? iqneb imitom, rom sinamdvileSi Cven gvinda musikis mosmeniTa da adamianebTan, megobrebTan urTierTobiT gadavfaroT CvenSi dabudebuli martoobis gancda.
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gakveTili 46-48
adamianTa umetes nawils martooba martosuloba, sazogadoebidan gandgoma da `karCaketiloba“ hgonia. unda gaviazroT da yuradReba mivaqcioT, rom martoobis kultura gulisxmobs sakuTar TavSi ideebis, ocnebebis, miznebis, axali urTierTobebisa da yovelgvari siaxlis Camoyalibebas. adamians xandaxan sakuTar TavTan marto darCena sWirdeba, raTa fiqri dabados, Semdgom am fiqriT ocneba Camoayalibos, rac samomavlod misi warmatebis pirvel safexurad iqceva.
klasSi isaubreT, nacnobia Tu ara TqvenTvis momdevno gverdze CamoTvlili martoobis saxeobebidan romelime; dadebiTi pasuxis SemTxvevaSi daasaxeleT, ras akeTebT am dros; aarCieT TqvenTvis misaRebi pasuxi:
megobrebTan mivdivar
sportiT vkavdebi
televizors vuyureb
musikas vusmen
vcekvav
wigns vkiTxulob
arafers ar vakeTeb
ar mawuxebs es grZnoba
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fsiqologebi martoobis mraval saxeobas aRweren, kompozitorebi ki mar-toobis sxvadasxva formiT gamowveul gancdebs musikiT gamoxataven.
ra musikalur-gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebiTaa SesaZlebeli martoobis Temis gadmocema, amas mosmenili musikaluri nawarmoebebidan gansazRvravT.
SeecadeT TiToeul musikaluri fragments miusadagoT martoobis saxeobebis romelime aRweriloba.
moismineT fragmentebi oTxi musikaluri nawarmoebidan. daaxasiaTeT TiToeuli maTgani imis mixedviT, ra ganwyoba dagitovaT. romel nomrad mosmenili musika gamoxatavs yvelaze metad Tqvens amJamindel sulier mdgomareobas?
gadaitaneT cxrili rveulSi da SeavseT; `martoobis saxeobis~ ujrebSi CawereT zemoT CamoTvli maxasiaTebelTagan mxolod erT-erTi saxeoba.
warmogidgenT fsiqologebis mier aRweril martoobis ramdenime saxeobas:
kulturuli simartove: adamiani mowyvetilia Tavis qveyanas, ojaxs, megobrebs da sxva kulturul garemoSia, romelic misTvis ucxoa. is Tavs gariyulad da arakomfortulad grZnobs; mas enatreba Tavisi Cveuli garemo.
egzistencialuri* simartove: adamiani grZnobs yofierebis arasrulyofilebas. mas aSinebs mosalodneli bunebrivi cvlilebebi (sibere, sisuste, avadmyofoba, cxovrebis sas ruloba).
aucilebeli simartove:simartove, romelic adamianis moTxovnilebaa, rodesac mas surs marto darCes sakuTar grZnobebTan, daisvenos aqtiuri cxovrebisgan, isiamovnos konkretuli wuTebiT, daalagos sakuTari azrebi.
fsiqologiuri simartove:adamians ara aqvs kontaqti sxva adamianebTan an aqvs, magram araaxlobluri; Tavs zedmetad, arasaWirod da gariyulad miiCnevs; Tvlis, rom misi ar esmiT da ar afaseben.
* egzistencializmi _ filosofiuri da literaturuli mimdinareoba; mdgomareoba, rodesac adamiani kargavs orientirebis unars samyaroSi, sadac yvelaferi uazro da absurdulia.
musikaSi erTianobis gamomxatveli
gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebi
adamians, sadac ar unda imyofebodes igi da ra droSic ar unda cxovrobdes, yvelgan da yovelTvis sxvadasxva erovnebis, mrwamsis, azrovnebis, profesiis adamianebis garemoSi uwevs Tanaarseboba. yvelas Tavisi interesi da Sexed-ulebebi aqvs da amis gamo adamianebi TiTqos erTmaneTisgan gamij nulebi arian, magram aris momentebi, globaluri movlenebi, roca yvela erTiandeba. rogor fiqrobT, risTvis erTiandebian adamianebi? yovelTvis aris ki es gaerTianeba kargi? keTilSobiluri saqmis Tvis xalxTa gaerTianeba udides rols asrulebs kacob riobis istoriaSi.
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gakveTili 49-51
aRwereT TiToeuli foto _ Tqveni azriT, ram gaaerTiana es xalxi? dafiqrdiT, romeli situaciisTvis rogor musikas SearCevdiT? Tqveni azriT, rogori unda iyos musika, romelic adamianebs erTianobisken mouwodebs?
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137
რატომ არის ფორმებიდან ესა თუ ის. ურთულესი კითხვაა ფორმის ანალიზიდან, რომელიც უნდა დამუშავდეს, რომ მოსწავლემ გაიგოს, თუ არადა, აზრი არა აქვს.“
4rogorc ukve vTqviT, kompozitorebi adamianebis gaerTianebis mizniT
musikaluri enis sxvadasxva gamomsaxvelobiT elements iyeneben, rac gansazRvravs kidec nawarmoebis Janrs. xSir SemTxvevaSi, rodesac kom-pozitori melodiaze akeTebs aqcents, igi irCevs iseT Janrs, rogoricaa himni.
moismineT himnebis instrumentuli versiebi. Camo wereT fragmentebis nomrebi da miuwereT `+~ niSani maT, romelSic, Tqveni azriT, himni ga-JRerda, xolo `_~ niSani miuwereT sxva Janris nawarmoebs.
Tqveni azriT, romeli kompozitoris nawarmoebi iyo sadResaswaulo? romeli kompozitoris nawarmoebi hgavs yvelaze naklebad himns? axseniT Tqveni pasuxi; romeli kompozitoris nawarmoebi mogeCvenaT tragikulad? rogor fiqrobT, romeli kompozitoris nawarmoebi hgavs saeklesio himns? ganmarteT, ratom fiqrobT ase; ra aqvs saerTo im nawarmoebebs, romlebic Tqven himnad amoicaniT? romeli himni mogagonebT cekvas?
1) iozef haidni;2) uiliam henri monki;3) dimitri SostakoviCi;4) eduard elgar nimrodi;5) alberik zvizigi; 6) het vilhelmusi
himni gamoirCeva gaSlili, sazeimo melodiiT. is mSvid, auCqarebel tempSi sruldeba, rac melodias kidev ufro sadResaswaulo xasiaTs aZlevs. amave dros, es tempi xazs usvams im movlenis mniSvnelobas, romelsac es himni eZRvneba. himns ar axasiaTebs sevdiani an, miT umetes, tragikuli intonaciebi.
rogor fiqrobT, nawarmoebis xasiaTiT SesZlebT himnis amocnobas?
himni, upirveles yovlisa, sadResaswaulo ceremonialebisTvis Seqmnili musi-kaa, agreTve _ RmerTis, samSoblos, Tavisuflebis, gmirebis sadidebeli simRera. rogorc wesi, himns asrulebs adamianTa jgufi an didi gundi. Tumca xandaxan himns erTi adamianic asrulebs.
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signali ar aris musikaluri nawarmoebi, magram mas aqvs musikaluri intonacia; da, rogorc viciT, nebismier musikalur intonacias aqvs garkveuli gamomsaxv-eloba. sulis simtkice, energia, vaJkacuri SemarTeba _ es yvelaferi advilad amosacnobia sasignalo intonaciebSi. mis gareSe SeuZlebelia samxedro musikis warmodgena.
5uTuod gsmeniaT, rom armiaSi arsebobs jariskacebis mosaxmobi sxva-
dasxva signali, romelic sayviriT sruldeba. mousmineT ramdenime signals da waikiTxeT maTi mniSvneloba.
salami
gangaSi daSla
adgoma fosta movida
romeli signali iyo yvelaze mokle? romeli signali iyo yvelaze grZeli? romeli signalis motivebi iyo dalagebuli Semdegi sqemis mixedviT: a-b-a-c? romeli signalis motivebi iyo dalagebuli ase: a-a-b?
amoicaniT, ra sakravebze ukraven samxedro orkestris musikosebi.
sasignalo sayviri
moismineT sxvadasxva mosaxmobi signali da upasuxeT kiTxvebs:
139
6
SeecadeT amoicnoT, romeli signalia. CasviT signalis Sesabamisi nomris svetSi:
1 2 3 4 5`salami~`adgoma~`fosta movida~`gangaSi~`daSla~
yvela zemoT xsenebuli samxedro signali sam intervalzea agebuli, magram yvelaze xSirad ismis intervali kvarta. misi sanoto Canaweri ase gamoiyureba:
wminda kvartaSi manZili fuZesa da mwvervals Soris 2,5 tonia. swored es intervali sZens intonacias SemarTebiT xasiaTs. kidev erTxel
mousmineT sam signals: `adgoma~, `fosta movida~ da `gangaSi~. yvela maTganSi JRers kvarta, magram mxolod erTSi JRers rogorc aRmavali, ise daRmavali kvarta. gamoicaniT _ romelSi. daasaxeleT signali.
zemoT mocemuli sanoto Canawerebidan, romelia harmoniuli da romeli _ melodiuri intervali?
I II III IV
a b
fuZemwvervali
kidev erTxel mousmineT yvela signals da daadgineT, garda signalisa _ „adgoma“, kidev romel signalSi JRers aRmavali da daRmavali kvarta; romeli signali hgavs marSs? romeli signali sruldeba yvelaze swraf tempSi? romel signalSi aris mxolod erTi motivi? romeli signalis sanoto Canaweria?
