USING NUMBERED HEADS TOGETHER TECHNIQUE TO IMPROVE

SPEAKING ABILITY AT TENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMA

MUHAMMADIYAH 1 MALANG

THESIS

By:

HERDINA LADYCAL SWADHIKA

201210100311230

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2016

USING NUMBERED HEADS TOGETHER TECHNIQUE TO IMPROVE

SPEAKING ABILITY AT TENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMA

MUHAMMADIYAH 1 MALANG

This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve

Sarjana Degree in English Language Education

By:

HERDINA LADYCAL SWADHIKA

201210100311230

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2016

viii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Bismillahirrahmanirrahim …

Alhamdulillah, all praises be upon Allah SWT, the Most Beneficent and

Most Merciful, due to His blessing, this challenging thesis can be finished

properly in the right time. Peace and blessing also be upon Muhammad SAW, the

last prophet in the world. In its final accomplishment, I am totally realized that

this thesis is still imperfect. Thus, I openly welcome all criticism and constructive

suggestions from all parties as the betterment of this thesis.

Actually, I would like to express my gratefulness and appreciation to my

first advisor, Mrs. Rahmawati Khadijah Maro, M.PEd. and my second advisor,

Mrs. Laela H. Nurbatra, MA., M.EdLead. for their patience, advices and

encourages during guiding me in finishing this thesis.

Additionally, my countless gratitude is dedicated for both of my parents,

Ibu Erna Hani Astuti and Bapak Suharto, who ceaselessly offer me with

everlasting and peaceable affections. Moreover, my boundless appreciation goes

to my sister, Herdian Putri Hastari for his endless supports and nice affection.

Lastly, I would like to express my thankfulness for all of my best friends:

Okta Dwi Ningsih, Dwi Hartanti, Selvia Heldina Putri, Dyah Ajeng, Nurani

Wahyu Putri, Dita Fitriana, Wita Devi Maharani, Evio Tanti Nanita, Sri Wahyuni

Ningsih, Ambika Putri Perdani, Dewi Khoirun Nisa Hartono, Mustaghfiroh, Dwi

Sari Kurniawati, and Ummi Amatul Firdausi, for their endless help during I

accomplish this thesis (sorry if I did not mention all).

Malang, November 29, 2016

Herdina Ladycal Swadhika

ix

TABLE OF CONTENT

APPROVAL ………………………………………………………………… iii

MOTTOS AND DEDICATIONS ………………………………………….. v

STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY ……………………………. vi

ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………………. vii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ………………………………………………….. viii

TABLE OF CONTENTS …………………………………………………… ix

LIST OF THE APPENDICES………………………………………………. xii

LIST OF THE TABLES ……………………………………………………. xiii

LIST OF THE FIGURES……………………………………………………. xiv

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Research ...................................................................... 1

1.2 The Research Problem .............................................................................. 5

1.3 Objective of the Research .......................................................................... 5

1.4 Significances of the Study ........................................................................ 6

1.5 Scope and Limitation of the Research ...................................................... 7

1.6 The Definition of Key Terms .................................................................... 7

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Speaking ............................................................................................... 8

2.2 Classroom Speaking Activities ........................................................... 9

2.3 Assessment of Speaking Ability ........................................................... 10

2.4 Teaching English at Senior High School .............................................. 11

x

2.5 Numbered Heads Together (NHT) Technique...................................... 14

2.6 The Steps of Numbered Heads Together (NHT) ................................. 15

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD

3.1 Research Design .................................................................................... 17

3.2 Research Subjects ................................................................................ 19

3.3 Research Procedures ............................................................................ 19

3.3.1 Planning ...................................................................................... 19

3.3.2 Acting ......................................................................................... 20

3.3.3 Observing .................................................................................... 22

3.3.4 Reflecting .................................................................................... 22

3.4 Data Instruments ................................................................................... 23

3.5 Technique of Data Collection ............................................................... 23

3.6 Technique of the Data Analysis ............................................................ 25

3.7 Criteria of the Action Success ............................................................... 31

CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS

4.1 Research Findings ................................................................................ 32

4.1.1 Finding of Pre-cycle ..................................................................... 32

4.1.2 Finding of Cycle I ........................................................................ 35

a. Planning ................................................................................... 35

b. Acting ........................................................................................ 36

c. Observing .................................................................................. 38

d. Reflecting .................................................................................. 42

xi

4.1.3 Finding of Cycle 2 ....................................................................... 43

a. Planning .................................................................................... 43

b. Acting ........................................................................................ 44

c. Observing .................................................................................. 46

d. Reflecting ................................................................................. 49

4.2 Discussions ........................................................................................... 50

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 Conclusion .......................................................................................... 55

5.2 Suggestions ......................................................................................... 56

5.2.1 For English Teachers ................................................................... 56

5.2.2 For Students ................................................................................ 56

5.2.3 For the Future Researchers ......................................................... 56

REFERENCES ……………………………………………………………… 57

APPENDICES

xii

LIST OF THE TABLES

Tabel 3.1 Observation Checklist for Teacher…………..…..…..…..…...……....26

Tabel 3.2 Criteria Percentage Teaching Learning Activity by the Teacher……..27

Tabel 3.3 Observation Checklist for Assesing Students’ Progress……...…….…28

Tabel 3.4 Criteria Percentage Students’ Progress….…….…..…..…..…..…..…..28

Tabel 3.5 The Rating Score of Oral Test ….…….…..…..…..…..…..............…..29

Tabel 3.6 Instrument for Assessing Students’ Achievement ….……....…..….....30

Tabel 4.1 The Result of Observation Checklist Pre-cycle…...…..…..…..…..…..33

Tabel 4.2 The Result of Speaking Test in Pre-cycle ….…….…..…..…..…...…..33

Tabel 4.3 The Result of Observation Checklist in Cycle I .....…..…..…..…..…..39

Tabel 4.4 The Result of Post-test I ….…….…..…..…..…..….......................…..40

Tabel 4.5 The Result of Observation Checklist Cycle II ….…….…..…..…..…..47

Tabel 4.6 The Result of Post-test II ….…….…..…..…..…..…......................…..47

Tabel 4.7 Overall Speaking Test Score During CAR ….……...............…....…..52

Tabel 4.8 Overall Observation Checklist Result During CAR ….…….…....…..53

xiii

LIST OF THE FIGURES

Figure 3.1 Arikunto’s Action Research Design…………..…......….….…….….18

Figure 4.1 The Progres of the Students’ Mean Score from Pre-cycle to Cycle I..41

Figure 4.2 The Progres of the Students’ Mean Score from Cycle I to Cycle II…49

Figure 4.3 The Progres of the Students’ Mean Score from Pre-cycle to Cycle II.53

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 1 Research Letter

Appendix 2 Lesson Plan Cycle I

Appendix 3 Lesson Plan Cycle II

Appendix 4 The Procedure of Speaking Test

Appendix 5 The Guidelines of Observation Checklist for Teacher

Appendix 6 Observation Checklist for Teacher (Pre- Cycle)

Appendix 7 Observation Checklist for Teacher (Cycle I)

Appendix 8 Observation Checklist for Teacher (Cycle II)

Appendix 9 The Guidelines of Observation Checklist for Assesing Students’

Progress

Appendix 10 Observation Checklist for Assesing Students’ Progress Pre-Cycle

Appendix 11 Observation Checklist for Assesing Students’ Progress Cycle I

Appendix 12 Observation Checklist for Assesing Students’ Progress Cycle II

Appendix 13 Pictures

57

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