Upload
sarah-robertson
View
235
Download
2
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Map 1: Europe: Before the World
Wars
Timeline
World War ICauses
Warfare
Art & Literature Results
Between the Wars
Map 2: Europe between the Wars
Hitler’s Rise to Power
Hitler’s Germany
World War II
In Europe In AsiaMap 3: Europe after
World War II
Essential Questions
Causes CausesWarfareWarfare
ResultsResults
Germany
France
Great Britain
Ottoman Empire
Italy
Russia
Austria-Hungary
Serbia
Bulgaria
Central Powers
Allies
Map – Europe Before the World Wars
key
Great Britain
France
Germany Poland
U.S.S.R.“Baltic States”
Czechoslovakia
HungaryAustria
Italy
Turkey
Map – Europe Between the World Wars
Ireland
Great Britain
France
Spain
Portugal
Belgium
Netherlands
West Germany
Italy
Turkey
Switzerland
Austria
East Germany
Poland
U.S.S.R.
Finland
Sweden
Norway
Denmark
Albania
Czechoslovakia
Hungary
Yugoslavia
Bulgaria
Romania
Greece
Map – Europe After the World Wars
1914 Archduke Ferdinand
Assassinated WW I began
1917 U.S.
entered the war
1918 Russia
got out of the war
1920-1940Global Economic Depression
1910 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 1945 1950
1914-1918 World War I
1939-1945 World War II
1945→ Cold War
1941 – Japan attacked Pearl Harbor: U.S. enters WW II
1919 Treaty of Versailles
1933 – Hitler became the
leader of Germany
1939 – Hitler Invaded Poland:
WW II began
1935-1939 – Germany took back lands lost
in WW I
1935-1941 – Japan took
more lands in Asia
May 1945 – Germany
surrenderedAugust 1945 –
Japan surrendered
Terms
• alliance• militarism• propaganda• totalitarian• anti-Semitism• Holocaust• genocide• Appeasement• occupation
Terms• alliance:
– group of nations who agree to cooperate to achieve a common goal
• militarism: – 1. pursuit of military ideals 2. strong influence of military
on the government
• propaganda : – 1. information put out by a government to promote a
policy, idea, or cause 2. misleading publicity
• totalitarian: – government controlled by a single party without
opposition
• anti-Semitism: – policies, views or actions that harm or discriminate
against Jews
Terms
• Holocaust: – destruction of human life - in this unit we will discuss
the genocide of European Jews, but also Roma (Italians), Slavs, intellectuals, gay people, and political dissidents by the Nazis and their allies during WW II.
• genocide: – systematic killing of all people from a national, ethnic,
or religious group, or attempting to do this.• appeasement:
– making another nation happy by letting them have what they want to prevent war
• occupation: – military invasion and control of a country or area by
enemy forces
Watch Video
• Encyclopedia of the 20th Century: Days that Shook the World 1900-1919
• Write Date, Event, and 1-2 important facts about the Event
• What was happening in Asia?• What was happening in Europe? • What was happening other places in the
world?
Primary Document: Crown Prince Wilhelm on Prospect of War, 1913
Reproduced below is an excerpt from Crown Prince Wilhelm's book Germany in Arms, published in 1913. In the extract Wilhelm - the son of Kaiser Wilhelm II and heir to the throne - enthused about the prospect of war in Europe, arguing that peace was un-advantageous to Germany.
Crown Prince Wilhelm of Germany on the Prospect of WarToday, indeed, we live in a time which points with special satisfaction to the proud height of its culture, which is only too willing to boast of its international cosmopolitanism, and flatters itself with visionary dreams of the possibility of an everlasting peace throughout the world.
This view of life is un-German and does not suit us. The German who loves his people, who believes in the greatness and the future of our homeland, and who is unwilling to see its position diminished, dare not close his eyes in the indulgence of dreams such as these, he dare not allow himself to be lulled into indolent sleep by the lullabies of peace sung by the Utopians...
…Therefore every one, to whom his country is dear, and who believes in a great future for our nation, must joyfully do his part in the task of seeing that the old military spirit of our fathers is not lost, and that it is not sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought. For the sword alone is not decisive, but the arm steeled in exercise which bears the sword.
Each of us must keep himself fit for arms and also prepared in his mind for the great solemn hour when the Emperor calls us to the standard - the hour when we no longer belong to ourselves, but to the Fatherland with all the forces of our mind and our body; for all these faculties must be brought to the highest exertion, to that "will to victory" which has never been without success in history.
Create a Web Diagram
• Read the article on “WWI Europe” (p. 184-186, Global History, by Kime and Stitch)
• Complete Worksheet 16-3
Causes of World War I
• National Rivalries: Industrialization and Imperialism created competitive relationships in the race for balance of power
• Militarism: New technologies encouraged nations to develop and stockpile more and more weapons
• Alliances: to keep the balance of power – nations teamed up for/or against one another
Led up to WWI
Causes of World War I
• Assassination: of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria → kick started the alliances → began World War I
“Spark”
Type of Warfare
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/launch_vt_wwone_trench.shtml
• Trench: Soldiers fought, lived and died in ditches, called trenches, on two fronts– Eastern Front – Russia– Western Front - France
Type of Warfare
• New Technologies: New weapons( machine gun, grenades, flame thrower, tank, poison gas) were very effective against old style strategies
Art and Literature
• Propaganda: – organized information meant to sway public
opinion on a certain issue
Art and Literature
• All Quiet on the Western Front: – a novel about life for soldiers during WWI– put-down the glory of war
BBC World War I Interactivehttp://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/launch_ani_wwone_mo
vies.shtml
• ..\Unit 15 Imperialism\World War I The Man Comes Around.flv
• ..\Unit 15 Imperialism\BBC News Player - World War I shelter located.ivr
Results of World War I
• Treaty of Versailles: 1. ended WW I 2. led to WW II
Also, Severely punished Germany:– Land was taken away in Europe and Africa– Had to pay compensation for the damage caused by
WW I– Military was reduced to defense purposes only– Had to accept the blame for WW I
Results of World War I
• League of Nations: – organization of nations created to keep peace
in the world – turned out to be very ineffective
Results of World War I
• New Map of Europe: – Larger nations (that lost in WW I) were broken
up into smaller nations
Hitler’s Rise to Power
• Economic Environment of Germany: – Germany’s economy was in very
bad shape after WWI – Treaty of Versailles made
Germany pay millions of dollars to other nations for WW I damages
– World Economic Depression caused people to lose their savings, businesses failed, Germany’s money became worthless
Reasons
Hitler’s Rise to Power
Reasons why Hitler came to power in Germany:– Weimer Republic government before Hitler
was weak and ineffective– To improve the economy
• Stop paying for WW I• Jobs → military and factories (military supplies)
– To get Germany’s pride back• Get their land back• Develop a German cultural identity
– Anti-Semitism (hatred of the Jews)– Anti-Communist
Promises
Hitler’s Germany:
• Totalitarian Government• A type of government that has total control of all
aspects of life, – ex. Hitler – Nazi Germany, Mussolini – Fascist Italy,
Stalin, - Communist U.S.S.R.
– Nazi’s Ideas: • totalitarian and nationalistic type of government• Promote the Aryan “race”• Expand German territory in Europe• He used propaganda extensively
Hitler’s Germany:
• Holocaust– Genocide – mass killing of an entire culture of
people– Hitler’s Plan
• Harass the Jews → restrict their rights• Gather them into “Concentration Camps”• “Final Solution” – total extermination of the Jewish
people
Causes
• German Aggression – Germany attempted to get lands that they lost in WW
I (other lands as well)
• Appeasement - making another nation happy by letting them have what they want to prevent war.– Britain and France allowed Germany to get what it
wanted (lands) → to prevent war• Rhineland• Austria• Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia)• Poland (started WW II)
Warfare
• Mobile warfare: – modern technology created quick
transportation (airplanes, motor vehicles, ships)
– “Blitzkrieg” – sudden, fast and overwhelming attacks, tactic used by the Germans
Warfare
• Technologies:– Airplanes: the dominant weapon of WW II– Tanks: allowed quick and powerful movement– Rockets: Germans invented and used them a
bit → not very effective in WW II– Radar: used to find enemies airplanes
Warfare
• Key Events:– Invasion of Poland: brought Britain and
France into war against Germany– Battle of Britain: air war for control of Britain– D-Day: the allied invasion of the European
continent (in France), began to push the Germans back into Germany
Results
• Germany:– Divided up by the allies into 4 parts– Nuremberg Trials: German officials were tried for
“Crimes Against Humanity”
• Loss of the old European colonies around the world
• United Nations was created to replace the ineffective League of Nations
• Cold War heightened tensions between the U.S. and U.S.S.R
Causes
• Japanese Imperialism – 1937, Japan took over areas of China (Japan needed raw materials)
• Pearl Harbor – Japan attacked the U.S. on December 7, 1941 (to keep the U.S. from stopping their imperialist plans)
The War
• Japanese Abuses: they used cruel methods to keep control of lands:– Nanking: hundreds of thousands of innocent
Chinese were tortured and killed– Bataan Death March: U.S. prisoners of war
were tortured and killed on a long march to prison camps
The War
• Island Hopping: – The term used to describe the U.S. plan to
defeat Japan– Control of an island let the U.S. control lots of
territory
The War
• Atomic Bomb:– The U.S. bombed two Japanese cities,
Hiroshima and Nagasaki– Japan surrendered – ending WW II
Results
• Japan was occupied by the U.S. Army for 7 years
• The U.S. forced Japan to create a democratic style government(the emperor was allowed to stay but he had no real power – no “divine” connection)
• The U.S. provided economic help to rebuild JapanWhy: U.S. wanted Japan on our side in the coming Cold War
How were the results of World War I directly related to the causes of World War II in Europe?
WW I
The severe punishment of Germany led to:
An environment in Germany that allowed Hitler to rise to power
WW II
Hitler’s reasons to rebuild an army and take over lands
How did the memories of World War I lead some European nations to allow German aggression?
• They appeased Hitler in order to prevent another world war
How did Hitler use the social, economic and political conditions in Germany after World War I to help him rise to power?
• He made promises to make German life better
• The promises got him elected to power
How did the relationship between a government and an individual citizen differ when comparing Hitler’s Germany and Western Democracies?
• Western Democracy → government exists at the consent of the people
• Hitler’s Germany → people exist to support the government
In what way did each of the allies view their contribution as essential to the war effort?
• Britain: fought alone at first – stayed throughout the war
• USSR: fought Germany while Britain and the U.S. got ready to fight
• United States: their involvement turned the tide of the war in favor of the allies
Terms• alliance: group of nations who agree to cooperate to achieve a common
goal• militarism: 1. pursuit of military ideals 2. strong influence of military on the
government• propaganda : 1. information put out by a government to promote a policy,
idea, or cause 2. misleading publicity• totalitarian: government controlled by a single party without opposition• anti-Semitism: policies, views or actions that harm or discriminate against
Jews• Holocaust: destruction of human life - in this unit we will discuss the
genocide of European Jews, but also Roma (Italians), Slavs, intellectuals, gay people, and political dissidents by the Nazis and their allies during WW II.
• genocide: systematic killing of all people from a national, ethnic, or religious group, or attempting to do this.
• appeasement: making another nation happy by letting them have what they want to prevent war
• occupation: military invasion and control of a country or area by enemy forces