Translation and Interpretation

ELIAS ALMORA, WENDY.FISCHER SANDI, KIMBERLY

TRANSLATION AND INTERPRETATION

Material for educational purposes

What is translation A written communication in a second language

having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language (Princeton edu)


Basis of translation Ferdinand Saussure: Language is a structure

that achieves meaning through oppositions.

Conventional meaning “ Their most exact meaning is that they are what the other words are not.” 1793

Sign and referent


perception community speech hypothesis one to one correspondences not independent of a language communityattributed sense ( fleuve- riviere)Linguistic Determinism: thoughts and

perceptions are determined by the categories of their language


Translator’s Role

“An excellent translation reads like a piece originally written in the target language, sentence structure, linkages and discourse, are entirely appropriate to the target language.” U.K. Linguistics Association


Translation methods Word for word TranslationLiteral translation: Grammatical

constructions are converted but lexical items are out of context

Faithful translation: contextual meaningSemantic translation: Aesthetic meaningCommunicative translationIdiomatic translation: colloquialisms Free translation: paraphrasing Adaptation: plays, SL to TL culture


INTERPRETATION Interpretation is to facilitate oral or sign-

language communication.

An interpreter is a person who converts a thought or expression in a source language into an expression with a comparable meaning in a target language in "real time".


INTERPRETATION TYPES Simultaneous: In simultaneous interpretation

(SI), the interpreter renders the message in the target-language as quickly as he or she can formulate it from the source language, while the source-language speaker continuously speaks.

Consecutive: In consecutive interpreting (CI), the interpreter speaks after the source-language speaker has finished speaking. The speech is divided into segments, and the interpreter sits or stands beside the source-language speaker, listening and taking notes as the speaker progresses through the message.


INTERPRETATION TYPES Whispered: In whispered interpreting, the

interpreter sits or stands next to the small target-language audience whilst whispering a simultaneous interpretation of the matter to hand; this method requires no equipment, but may be done via a microphone and headphones if the participants prefer.


INTERPRETATION TYPES Relay: Relay interpreting is usually used when

there are several target languages. A source-language interpreter interprets the text to a language common to every interpreter, who then render the message to their respective target languages.

Liaison: Liaison interpreting involves relaying what is spoken to one, between two, or among many people. This can be done after a short speech, or consecutively, sentence-by-sentence


MODALITIES On-site: Also called "in-person interpreting," this

delivery method requires the interpreter to be physically present in order for the interpretation to take place.

Telephone: Also referred to as "over-the-phone interpreting," this modality enables the interpreter to deliver interpretation via telephone. The interpreter is added to a conference call.

Video: Interpretation services via Video Remote Interpreting (VRI) or a Video Relay Service (VRS) are useful where one of the parties is deaf, hard-of-hearing or speech-impaired (mute).

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Translation and Interpretation