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Topics of interest in solar UV Topics of interest in solar UV measurementsmeasurements
Berit KjeldstadNorwegian University of Science
and Technology, NorwayGunther Seckmeyer
University of Hanover, Germany
ContentsContents
Combined action in UV measurements: EDUCE projectCombined action in UV measurements: EDUCE project
European UV data baseEuropean UV data base
Quality assurance at the databaseQuality assurance at the database
Climatology and TrendsClimatology and Trends
Users requests for UV dataUsers requests for UV data
EDUCEEDUCE
EEuropean uropean DDatabase for atabase for UUltraviolet Radiation ltraviolet Radiation CClimatology and limatology and EEvaluationvaluation
Coordinator: Prof. Dr. G. Seckmeyer (University of Hanover, Germany)
http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/EDUCEhttp://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/EDUCE
EDUCEEDUCE is a continuation of research activities performed withinis a continuation of research activities performed within
SSUVDAMAUVDAMA
Scientific UV DAta MAnagement
ParticipantsParticipants 16 contractors and 9 subcontractors from 15 European Countries
Duration June 2000 – November 2003
Supported by European Commision
Part of the Atmospheric UV Radiation (ATUV) cluster
at the European Ozone Research Coordinating Unit
ObjectivesObjectives
To establish a UV climatology for Europe in combination with To establish a UV climatology for Europe in combination with investigations into potential long-term changes in the UV investigations into potential long-term changes in the UV radiation environmentradiation environment
To continue the collection and storage of UV radiation and To continue the collection and storage of UV radiation and ancillary data in the European UV database, providing a ancillary data in the European UV database, providing a comprehensive database of measurements together with the comprehensive database of measurements together with the software tools needed for efficient search and retrieval of datasoftware tools needed for efficient search and retrieval of data
To control and assess the quality of the data in the databaseTo control and assess the quality of the data in the database
To develop, test and implement radiative transfer models, which To develop, test and implement radiative transfer models, which are the primary tools in both the study of the UV environment are the primary tools in both the study of the UV environment and the quality assurance of the measurementsand the quality assurance of the measurements
European Database for Ultraviolet Radiation Characterization and Evaluation (EDUCE)
Institute for Meteorology and Climatology, University of Hannover, Germany Prof. G. Seckmeyer
Project ManagementProject Management
W P 1U V C lim a to lo gy
W P 2T re n d D e te c tiona n d D a ta A n a lys is
Sub-group 1D a ta A n a lys is
W P 4M a in te na nce , M an a ge m e n t,a n d E xte ns io n o f th e D ata ba se
W P 5D e ve lo p m en t o f U se rsF a c ilit ie s a t th e D a tab a se
Sub-group 2D a tab a se M a n ag e m e nt
W P 6Q A a t th e D ata ba se
W P 7Q A an d Q Ca t the M ea surin g S ites
Sub-group 3Q u a lity C o n tro l
a n d Q u a lity A ssu ra n ce
W P 9A p p lica tion o f m o de lling
W P 8M o d e l D e ve lo pm e nt
Sub-group 4M o de llin g a nd
M o d e l D e ve lo pm e nt
C o ordin atora ided by S c ientific S ecre ta ry
EDUCEEDUCE: : EEuropean uropean DDatabase for atabase for UUltraviolet Radiation ltraviolet Radiation CClimatology and limatology and EEvaluationvaluationCoordinator: Prof. Dr. G. Seckmeyer (University of Hanover, Germany)
The European UV Database The European UV Database contained in June 200contained in June 20033: :
Data from Data from 3344 stationsstations in Europe in Europe
4455 000 000 measuring days measuring days
1,1,44 Million Million spectraspectra
224 4 Gbyte from the submitted files Gbyte from the submitted files
Available for everybody if you register at the EDUCE web Available for everybody if you register at the EDUCE web page.page.
Database WEBDatabase WEB page page submission (flexstore format) submission (flexstore format) extraction extraction
of spectra from all stationsof spectra from all stations
BASINTBASINT software tool to software tool to explore the contents of the European UV Database and explore the contents of the European UV Database and
extract information on the ultraviolet spectral irradiance extract information on the ultraviolet spectral irradiance and (Erythemal and (Erythemal dose rate)dose rate)
ReportsReports Quality control of waveelength shifts, level of Quality control of waveelength shifts, level of
irradiance,spikes and spectral anormalities, irradiance,spikes and spectral anormalities, transmission transmission
Topographical mapsTopographical maps
Metadama Metadama site descriptionsite description
BASINT tool
Back
QA
at the database
Back
Quality Quality control control at the at the database:database:
Colour flags indicate the quality:Colour flags indicate the quality: GREEN spectra meet WMO/EDUCE criteria; no GREEN spectra meet WMO/EDUCE criteria; no
significant error found (normal range for significant error found (normal range for transmission)transmission)
YELLOW small error / deviation identifiedYELLOW small error / deviation identified RED significant error / deviation identifiedRED significant error / deviation identified
(questionable use; or exceptional situation(questionable use; or exceptional situation BLACK bad quality (normally not retrieved; or BLACK bad quality (normally not retrieved; or
extreme situatioextreme situation) n) GREY no decisive result obtained (BLACK flags GREY no decisive result obtained (BLACK flags
turn GREY at low irradianceturn GREY at low irradiance (< 5 10(< 5 10-4-4 W/(m W/(m22 nm)) nm))
QUALITY FLAGGING QUALITY FLAGGING SHICrivm software package SHICrivm software package
RIVMRIVM wavelength scalewavelength scale error => shift ( error => shift ( FLAGFLAG )) detection limit; detection limit; lowest irradiancelowest irradiance level => start_irradiance level => start_irradiance (FLAG) (FLAG) spectral anomaliesspectral anomalies
spikes (correction of spikes with factor 2 relative shape errors spikes (correction of spikes with factor 2 relative shape errors possible) => spike+local_shape (FLAG)possible) => spike+local_shape (FLAG)
distortion of spectra/variable conditions during scansdistortion of spectra/variable conditions during scanscloud effects => scan_variability_2 cloud effects => scan_variability_2 (indicator)(indicator)
irradiance scaleirradiance scale: cloud transmission spectrum trans_2 : cloud transmission spectrum trans_2 ((FLAGFLAG)) clear sky (indication of extremely high or low values)clear sky (indication of extremely high or low values) cloudy sky (cloud transmission estimate)cloudy sky (cloud transmission estimate)
summary of quality parameters (statistics and colour flagging)summary of quality parameters (statistics and colour flagging) deconvolution, effective UV, common slit analysed spectrum (instrument deconvolution, effective UV, common slit analysed spectrum (instrument
intercomparison)intercomparison)
FLAGS: green, yellow,red,blackFLAGS: green, yellow,red,black wavelength scale:wavelength scale:
shiftshift__1 300-325 nm1 300-325 nm shiftshift__22325 - 400 nm (315 - 325 nm)325 - 400 nm (315 - 325 nm)
GREENGREEN < 0.1 nm < < 0.1 nm < YELLOWYELLOW < 0.2 nm < < 0.2 nm <REDRED <0.4 nm <0.4 nm BLACKBLACK
start_irradiance_start_irradiance_flagflag– GREENGREEN<<0.00050.0005 W/(m2 nm) < W/(m2 nm) <YELLOWYELLOW < < 0.00150.0015 < <
REDRED < < 0.0050.005 < BLACK < BLACK
spike+localspike+local__shapeshape__flagflag– model and measured (ratio two nearby irradiances)model and measured (ratio two nearby irradiances)
transmission_2 (325 – 400 nm)transmission_2 (325 – 400 nm)– model clear sky and measuredmodel clear sky and measured– GREENGREEN ratio clear sky/measured (1.25 – 0.1)ratio clear sky/measured (1.25 – 0.1)
flagGreen
%Yellow
%Red
%Black
%Grey
%Cor.
%Green Yellow Red Black Grey Cor. Num
shift1_flaggingSpike+local_shape fla
98.5 0 0 0 1.5 0 15982 0 0 0 247 0 16229shift2_flagging
Spike+local_shape fla99 0 0 0 1 0 16063 0 0 0 166 0 16229
start_irradiance_flag 95.2 4.4 0.3 0.1 0 0 15444 722 54 9 0 0 16229Spike+local_shape flag 90 8.1 0.9 0 1 0 14614 1307 146 0 162 0 16229
Transmission_2 94.7 4.1 0.1 0 1 0 15369 669 24 0 167 0 16229
Format of Analysis
• Extent of annual coverage : potential use• Categorization of quality of overall dataset• Calibration of instrument versus ET solar spectrum• Distribution of flags in dataset
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 3600
20
40
60
80
100
DEG 1996, SZA<85Flag: shift1, shift2, start_irr, start_wave.
% o
ccur
ence
per
day
Julian day
num
ber
of s
pect
ra
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 3600
20
40
60
80
100
GRT 1997, SZA<85Flag: shift1, shift2, start_irr, start_wave.
% o
ccur
ence
per
day
Julian day
num
ber o
f spe
ctra
Overall results for Overall results for shift_1: shift_1: (300-325 nm) 1 million (300-325 nm) 1 million
spectraspectra
Overall Overall reressults for ults for sspikepike__andand__locallocal__shape flaggingshape flagging
Topographical
map
Topographical maps
(NILU)
Metadama
UMIST
Description of the site
Surface description
Environment (mountain, coast, field land....)
Horizon
Measurement regime
Preliminary results on Preliminary results on UV climatologyUV climatology
Objective: To construct climatological UV maps from EDUCE database
(LAP and RIVM)
Additional information:
TOMS data and Pyranometer data
Trend analyses –Trend analyses –Two stations with 11 year of dataTwo stations with 11 year of data
Number of years needed to see a Number of years needed to see a trend.trend.
Optimal wavelength to observe a Optimal wavelength to observe a trendtrend
Number of years required for Number of years required for trend detectiontrend detection
Each point is an average of all analysed solar zenith anglesEach point is an average of all analysed solar zenith angles
ResultsResults
Thessaloniki: After 15 years a UV increase Thessaloniki: After 15 years a UV increase due to an ozone trend of -4.5 % per decade due to an ozone trend of -4.5 % per decade should be detectableshould be detectable
Sodankylä: After 11 years at the earliest a Sodankylä: After 11 years at the earliest a UV increase due to an ozone trend of -5.7 UV increase due to an ozone trend of -5.7 % per decade should be detectable% per decade should be detectable
Sodankylä: If there would had been such an Sodankylä: If there would had been such an ozone trend in the analysed period it would ozone trend in the analysed period it would have been recognised in the UV time series. have been recognised in the UV time series.
A database for whom ?A database for whom ?
USERS NEEDSUSERS NEEDS
what kind of data and information what kind of data and information do you need? do you need?
Data products requestedData products requested
Number of users requesting each data product
29
17
9
13
28
911
21
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
UV-dose, daily UV-dose,monthly
UV-dose,yearly
Maximum UV-irradianceduring the
day.
Weightingfunctions.
UV-indexthroughout the
day.
Maximumdaily UV-
index.
Interpolated orestimated UV-
data.
Type of requirement
Nu
mb
er o
f u
sers
Daily UV doseDaily UV doseNumber of users requesting different types of daily UV-dose
(Totally 29 users requesting daily UV-dose)
15
15
24
12
4
12
8
a. UV-dose, daily, UVB
b. UV-dose, daily, UVA
c. UV-dose, daily, Total UV
d. UV-dose, daily, CIE-weighted
e. UV-dose, daily, DNA-weighted
f. UV-dose, daily, MED
g. UV-dose, daily, Weighted with general plant action spectrum.h. Dose, daily, Visible/PAR
Weighting functionsWeighting functions
Number of users requesting different weighting functions(Totally 28 users reqesting weighting functions)
19
9
11
11
2
1
11
31. CIE-weighting spectrum.
2. DNA-damage.
3. Photocarcinogenesis.
4. Vitamin D3 synthesis.
5. The contact hypersensitivity action spectrum.
6. Urocanic acid isomerisation action spectrum.
7. Photoinhibition of phytoplankton.
8. Algae, phytoplankton and macroalgae.
9. Generalised plant action spectrum.
10. Daily biologically effective irradiance (UVB BE)(Function 9 normalised to 300 nm).
Search toolsSearch tools
Number of users requesting each search tool
15
11
18
11
17
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Wavelength orwavelength range.
Dates. Stations. Instrument types. Stations ormeasurements withinthe visible wavelength
region.Type of requirement
Nu
mb
er o
f u
sers
Quick userfriendly model Quick userfriendly model
EDUCE PIsEDUCE PIs Co-ordinator: Prof. Gunther Sechmeyer Co-ordinator: Prof. Gunther Sechmeyer (University of Hannover, Germany)(University of Hannover, Germany)
Prof. Berit Kjeldstad (NTNU, Norway)Prof. Berit Kjeldstad (NTNU, Norway) Dr. Erich Putz (UG, Austria)Dr. Erich Putz (UG, Austria) Dr. Petteri Taalas (FMI, Finland)Dr. Petteri Taalas (FMI, Finland) Dr. Brian Gardiner (BAS, UK)Dr. Brian Gardiner (BAS, UK) Prof.Prof. Alkis Bais (LAP, Greece) Alkis Bais (LAP, Greece)
6.6. Dr. Harry Slaper (RIVM, The Netherlands)Dr. Harry Slaper (RIVM, The Netherlands)
7.7. Dr. Arve Kylling (NILU, Norway)Dr. Arve Kylling (NILU, Norway)
8.8. Dr. Ann Webb (UMIST, UK)Dr. Ann Webb (UMIST, UK)
EDUCE PIs (continued)EDUCE PIs (continued)
9.9. Dr. Philipp Weihs (BOKU, Austria)Dr. Philipp Weihs (BOKU, Austria)
10.10. Dr. Ola Engelsen (NPI, Norway)Dr. Ola Engelsen (NPI, Norway)
11.11. Dr. Mario Blumthaler (UI, Austria)Dr. Mario Blumthaler (UI, Austria)
12.12. Prof. Jacqueline Lenoble (UJF, France)Prof. Jacqueline Lenoble (UJF, France)
13.13. Dr. Michal Janouch (CHMI, Czech Republic)Dr. Michal Janouch (CHMI, Czech Republic)
14.14. Prof. Janusz Borkowski (IGFPAS, Poland)Prof. Janusz Borkowski (IGFPAS, Poland)
15.15. Dr. Kalju Eerme (TO, Estonia)Dr. Kalju Eerme (TO, Estonia)
16.16. Dr. Zenobia Litynska (IMWM, Poland)Dr. Zenobia Litynska (IMWM, Poland)
EDUCE PIs (sub-contractors)EDUCE PIs (sub-contractors)
1.1. Dr. Dider Gillotay (IASB, Belgium)Dr. Dider Gillotay (IASB, Belgium)
2.2. Dr. Alcide Giorgio di Sarra (ENEA, Italy)Dr. Alcide Giorgio di Sarra (ENEA, Italy)
3.3. Dr. Uwe Feister (DWD, Germany)Dr. Uwe Feister (DWD, Germany)
4.4. Dr. Manfred Steinmetz (BfS, Germany)Dr. Manfred Steinmetz (BfS, Germany)
5.5. Dr. Julian Gröbner (JRC, Italy)Dr. Julian Gröbner (JRC, Italy)
6.6. Dr. Anna Maria Siani (URO, Italy)Dr. Anna Maria Siani (URO, Italy)
7.7. Dr. Diamantino Henriques (IM, Portugal)Dr. Diamantino Henriques (IM, Portugal)
8.8. Dr. Michiel van Weele (KNMI, The Netherlands)Dr. Michiel van Weele (KNMI, The Netherlands)
9.9. Dr. Colette Brogniez (USTL, France)Dr. Colette Brogniez (USTL, France)
EDUCE group Bordeaux France 2002
Future challenges
in
UV instrumentation and research
Needs for Improving Data QualityNeeds for Improving Data Quality
• More reliable and more accurate calibration sources
• Built-in Quality Control
• On-line wavelength checks in all instruments
• More frequent radiometric stability tests
• Design and operation of instruments according to WMO guidelines
• Accurate Non-scanning instruments
Ref: G.Seckmeyer et al. Instruments to measure solar ultraviolet radiation. WMO-GAW report No.126, 2001.
Thank you for your attention !Thank you for your attention !
For more information go to:For more information go to:
http://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/EDUCEhttp://www.muk.uni-hannover.de/EDUCE
