Land: Use & Development

Thursday, Feb. 21st Todays Schedule:Turn in Bellringer Questions for Bellringer Check 5 and any late workTurn in Unit 7 Study Guide (all stapled together)due today, will not be accepted late (homework grade)Turn in Extra Credit (all stapled together)Take Unit 7: Water ExamStart working on Unit 8: Land Vocab & menu option1Friday, Feb. 22nd No Bellringer QuestionTodays Schedule:Video clip for Midway Journey documentaryContinue working on Unit 8: Land Vocab & menu option DUE Tuesday, Feb. 26th As you work, I will let you know your exam grade2Biological controlDesertificationLithosphereMalnutritionOrganic farmingPesticideSoilSoil conservationSoil erosionSoil profileSustainable agricultureTerracingWindbreakUnit 8: Land VocabDont forget to do a NEW Vocab Menu Option!Once youre done with the definition & menu option bring up (1) work to be graded, and (2) menu option to be star-punched

3Monday, Feb. 25th Bellringer: The ground & rock portion of our biosphere is called the ___________. Todays Schedule:Soil article & questions

4Land: Use & DevelopmentEssential Question: How do we use, affect, & protect our land?Day 15Topics in this Unit:Crops & SoilFeeding the WorldAnimals & AgricultureLand Use & UrbanizationLand Management & ConservationLand: Use & DevelopmentDay 1

6Arable land: land that can be used to grow cropsOnly ~10% of Earths surface is arable land

Crops & Soil

Day 1

7Crops & SoilSoil: a mixture of weathered rock & organic matterSoil forms when:Rock is broken down into smaller & smaller pieces by wind, water, & chemical weatheringBurrowing animals circulate air & water through soil & mix the minerals

Day 1

8Crops & SoilSoil has layers aka horizons:Organic layer: known as O horizonTopsoil: surface layer that is composed of living organisms, rock particles, water, air, & lots of organic matter; known as A horizonSubsoil: layer under topsoil that has larger rock particles with organic matter & inorganic compounds; known as B horizonParent material: material from which soil forms; made of broken up bedrock; known as C horizon

Day 1

9Crops & SoilSoil is classified into 3 main categories based on structure, permeability, & resistance to pressure:Clay: thick; not permeable; small grain size (0.002mm)Sand: large to small grains (2.0-0.05mm); permeableSilt: small grain size (0.002mm)Soil is described by which category its made of:Loam: soil made of near equal mix of clay, silt & sand

Day 1

10Read clay left to right Read silt top right to bottom left Read sand bottom right to top leftLook where lines intersectTextural Triangle ActivityON A SEPARATE PIECE OF PAPER!

11Thursday, Feb. 28th Reminders:Assignments in this unit so far:Unit 8 VocabSoil article questionsTextural Triangle worksheetBellringer: ______ is soil with equal amounts of sand, silt, & clay.Todays Schedule:Turn in Textural Triangle worksheetSoil Problem Notes (7 slides)Begin watching Food, Inc.

12Soil: Problems & Solutions A nation that destroys its soil destroys itself. F. D. Roosevelt

Day 2

13Soil: ProblemsSoil erosion: loss of soil by wind & waterIn US, ~50% of original topsoil has been lost to erosion in past 200 yearsCrops cannot grow without topsoilMethods that increase erosion:PlowingContinuous monoculture cropping

Day 2

14Erosion can lead to Desertification: process by which arid (dry) land becomes more desert-likeDue to poor crop rotation &/or overgrazing

Soil: Problems

Day 2

15Salinization: accumulation of salts in soilSoil can become too salty for plants to growCaused by irrigation from saltier water water evaporates & leaves salts behindEspecially bad in western US where theres low rainfall

Soil: Problems

Day 2

16Practices to prevent erosion:Soil-retaining terracesContour plowing plowing across the slope of a hill instead of up & downWindbreaksDrip irrigationNo-till farming - crops are harvested without turning over the soil

Soil: SolutionsDay 2

17Crops: Problems & Solutions

Day 2

18Pest: any organism that occurs where not wanted &/or causes economic damageIncludes plants, fungi, bacteria, insects, virusesIn North America, insects eat 13% of cropsWorldwide, pests destroy ~33% of food crops

Crops: ProblemsDay 2

19Pesticide: chemicals used to kill insects, weeds, & other pestsProblems with pesticides:Pesticide resistance: pesticides stop working through natural selectionPollution: stay in soil & water harm organisms & ecosystemsExample: DDT & bald eagles

Crops: Problems

Day 2

203. Human Health concerns:Poisoning, cancer, birth defects, immune problemsConsumer exposure: 12 most contaminated foods:

Crops: ProblemsRankFood1Strawberries2Bell peppers3Spinach4Cherries (U.S.)5Peaches6Cantaloupe (Mexico)7Celery8Apples9Apricots10Green beans11Grapes (Chili)12CucumbersDay 2

21Lifts the veil on our nation's food industry, exposing the highly mechanized underbelly that has been hidden from the American consumer with the consent of our government's regulatory agencies, USDA and FDA. Our nation's food supply is now controlled by a handful of corporations that often put profit ahead of consumer health, the livelihood of the American farmer, the safety of workers and our own environment.

22Friday, March 1st Reminders:Unit 8 Vocab Quiz Friday, March 8th Unit 8: Land Exam Thursday, March 14th

Bellringer: _________ are rows of trees or tall crops used to prevent erosion from wind.

Todays Schedule:Crop Solution Notes (3 slides)Cont. watching Food, Inc.

23Biological pest control: use of organisms to control pests; includes use of:Pathogens (bacteria, viruses)PredatorsChemicals from plants (toxins, pheromones)Example: controlling the Cottony Cushion Scale, a pest that was devastating the California citrus industry in the late 19th century. A predatory insect, the Vedalia Beetle, and a parasitoid fly were introduced from Australia .Within a few years the cottony cushion scale was completely controlled by these introduced natural enemies.

Crops: SolutionsDay 2

24Organic farming: farming with no hormones, antibiotics, pesticides, synthetic fertilizers, or genetic modificationsOrganic: at least 95% of ingredients are organic

Pros of organic farming:Better for environment!More $ for farmerHigher biodiversity of helpful organismsLess soil erosion1 billion people are overweight64% of AmericansHealth issues: diabetes, hearth attack, stroke, some cancers, etc.

Day 4

36Feeding the WorldHumanity depends on three crops for majority of its nutrients:WheatRiceCornWheat & rice supply ~60% of calories consumed by humans

Day 4

37Feeding the WorldMeat consumption is increasingNearly doubled globally over past 40 years1 reason is because of advances in confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs):Close quartersFeed corn, soy, & animal protein to maximize growth rateExample: A U.S. chicken can turn a baby chick into chicken nuggets after 8 weeksUse antibiotics & steroids

Day 4

38Feeding the WorldSeafood:95 million tons of fish & seafood is harvested every yearOnly 2/3 of this is directly eaten by humans1/3 is fed to captive-raised fishMost of worlds fisheries are threatened by overharvesting: catching more organisms than the pop can replace13 of 17 major marine fisheries have declined or become commercially unsustainable since 1989Day 4

39Feeding the WorldAquaculture: the raising of aquatic organisms in pens/nets for consumptionCatfish, oysters, salmon, crayfish & rainbow trout are products of aquacultureEnvironmental problems of aquaculture: habitat destruction, pollution, introduced species

Day 4

40What you can do:Eat less/ no meatEat organic foodEat locally grown & in-season foodMake sure seafood is sustainable

41Todays AssignmentBy yourself or in partners, create a Public Service Advertisement picture &/or slogan regarding:Organic & sustainable agricultureNegatives of Factory farmingHow we can helpYou need to brainstorm & sketch idea todayWill create finished product tomorrow

42Wednesday, March 6th Reminders:Going to MC Comp Lab Portfolio Project TOMORROWNEED SOIL SAMPLES!Unit 8 Vocab Quiz Friday, March 8th Unit 8: Land Exam Thursday, March 14th Bellringer:Todays Schedule:Land Use Notes (4 slides)Finish PSA activity

43Land Use & UrbanizationLand Use in US:28% forest (wood, wildlife, fishing)26% rangeland (graze livestock)20% cropland (grow plants)13% parks & preserves6% urban (houses, business, industry)7% other (wetlands, deserts, mountains)Rural land: land with relatively few peopleUrban land: area that contains >2,500 people & has a governing bodyAs a result of Industrial Revolution (better farm equipment & better transportation), more people live in urban areas

Day 5

44Urbanization: the movement of people from rural areas to citiesMove for jobs, education, etc.In 1900, 13 cities had >1 million peopleIn 2007, 300 cities had >1 million people (most in China)Land Use & Urbanization

Day 5

45When urban areas grow too fast, can lead to poor infrastructureInfrastructure: roads, sewers, buildings, schools, hospitals, power lines, etc. that society builds for public use

Problems of urbanization:Air pollutionWater pollutionCrimeHealth problemsLand Use & Urbanization

Day 5

46Urban sprawl: expansion of urban area into countrysideSuburbs!Example: From 1990-2000, Atlanta population grew 32% while the land area increased by 300%Problems with urban sprawl:Loose farm & forest landLonger commutes: PollutionNeed for oilHealth issues

Land Use & Urbanization

Day 5Estimated that traffic congestion costs US $78 billion per year in wasted time and fuel47Todays AssignmentBy yourself or in partners, create a Public Service Advertisement picture &/or slogan regarding:Organic & sustainable agricultureNegatives of Factory farmingHow we can helpYou need to brainstorm & sketch idea todayWill create finished product tomorrow

48Friday, March 8th Reminders:NEED SOIL SAMPLES!Unit 8: Land Exam Thursday, March 14th Bellringer:Todays Schedule:Take Unit 8: Land Vocab QuizLand Management notes (4 slides)Amazon Protection Force Video

49Farms, Rangeland, Forests, & CitiesLand Management, Conservation, & Sustainability

Day 6

50Land Management, Conservation, & Sustainability

Farms:Threatened by:Urban sprawlAgribusiness: large scale farms that often rely on lots of pesticides & fossil fuelsSolutions:Farmland Protection Program (1996)- U.S. government established to protect farmland from urban sprawlOrganic farming practices

Day 6

51Land Management, Conservation, & Sustainability

Rangelands:Threatened by:Overgrazing: too many animals eating grasses leads to erosionUrban sprawlSolutions:Public Rangeland Act of 1978: Improved rangeland management by:Limit herd sizesPlanting native vegetationBuilding fences

Day 6

52Forests:Face deforestation: clearing of trees from an area Trees are removed for timber & space for farmland, homes, roads, grazingParticularly bad in Tropical Rain ForestsLeads to erosion & loss of biodiversityLand Management, Conservation, & Sustainability

Day 6

53Monday, March 11th Reminders:Unit 8: Land Exam Thursday, March 14th Bellringer:Todays Schedule:Land Management Notes (4 slides)Soil Lab: Prep

54Forests:Solutions:Selective cutting : only cutting middle-aged & mature trees and leaving young trees to growReforestation: when trees are planted to re-establish trees that have been cut downSome governments require reforestation after trees cut from public landParks & preserves

Land Management, Conservation, & Sustainability

Day 6

55Parks & PreservesU.S. has 50 national parksYellowstone 1st national park, est. 1872Grand CanyonYosemiteEvergladesDenaliBenefits: protects wildlife, provides recreation, saves land for future generationsU.S. Wilderness Act (1964) now protects 32 million acresWilderness = land protected from all exploitationOpen to hiking, fishing, campingExample: Cumberland IslandLand Management, Conservation, & Sustainability

Day 6

56Sustainable/ Green CitiesNow building new cities or re-developing urban areas to promote environmentally-friendly livingGreen Cities: based on electricity, transportation, green living space, & recycling1. Portland, OregonAmericas top green city has it all: Half its power comes from renewable sources, a quarter of the workforce commutes by bike, carpool or public transportation, and it has 35 buildings certified by the U.S. Green Building Council.2. San Francisco, California3. Boston, Massachusetts4. Oakland, California5. Eugene, OregonCATEGORY LEADER: ElectricityMuch of the wet Pacific Northwest draws its energy from hydroelectric dams. But Eugene draws an additional 9 percent of its municipal electricity from wind farms. It also buys back excess power from residents who install solar panel

Land Management, Conservation, & Sustainability

Day 6

57Strategies for Green Cities include:Rooftop solar panels & wind turbines to provide energyRooftop gardensRainwater collectionMore bike transportation & electric car stationsMore recycling & composting centersLand Management, Conservation, & Sustainability

Day 5

58Each person will get Soil Lab sheetIn partners, obtain a tube and a soil sample . Using sharpie, put PERIOD, then names on tubeAdd soil sample to tube, to of tubeAdd water to tube & put the top on VERY TIGHTLY!Shake the tube vigorously until water has reached the bottomAdd tube to class rack Soil Analysis: Prep59Tuesday, March 12th Reminders:Unit 8: Land Exam Thursday, March 14th Bellringer:Todays Schedule:Soil Lab: Day 2Sustainable City article & questions

60With your partner:CAREFULLY obtain soil sample that was left overnight should have separated into layersUsing rulers and the Soil Activity Figure as a guide, measure the total length of soil and the length of each category in millimeters (Reminder: # cm x 10 = # mm)RECORD THESE VALUES INTO DATA TABLE 1Using lengths, determine the percentage of each type in the sampleEx: ___mm sand/ _____ total mm = _____ x 100 = _______ % sandUsing the TEXTURAL TRIANGLE and your percentages, determine how to classify your soil sampleAnswer Post-Lab QuestionsTurn in once youre done!Soil Sample Analysis: Day 2

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62Case Study Curitiba: A Model Sustainable CityRead the given articleON A LOOSE, SEPARATE PIECE OF PAPER, write question & answer to the following : How big is the population of Curitiba, Brazil?Who started all the changes to make Curitiba so sustainable?What did he do to protect space from future development? How did education and jobs play a role in the citys change?What changes were made to the historic business district?Do you think American cities could become like Curitiba? Why or why not?Day 6

63Wednesday, March 13th Reminders:Unit 8: Land Exam is TOMORROW!Bellringer:Todays Schedule:Work on Unit 8 Study Guide

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