Thng mi in tBch khoa ton th m Wikipedia Mc lc[n]

o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

1 nh ngha 1.1 Cc khi nim khc nhau 1.2 Hiu theo ngha hp 1.3 Hiu theo ngha rng 2 Phng tin ca thng mi in t 3 Hnh thc giao dch 3.1 Cch giao tip 3.2 Cch giao dch 4 Tiu chun k thut 5 Li ch ca thng mi in t 6 Cc loi th trng in t 6.1 Phn loi thng mi in t 7 Cc i hi ca thng mi in t 7.1 H tng c s cng ngh 7.2 H tng c s nhn lc 7.3 Bo mt, an ton 7.4 H thng thanh ton t ng 7.5 Bo v s hu tr tu 7.6 Bo v ngi tiu dng 7.7 Mi trng kinh t v php l 7.8 Tc ng vn ho x hi 7.9 L thuc cng ngh 8 Quy nh php lut ca mt s quc gia 8.1 Quy nh ca o 8.2 Quy nh ca c 8.3 Quy nh ca Vit Nam 8.4 Phng din xuyn bin gii

9 Xem thm 10 Tham kho 11 Lin kt ngoi

Thng mi in t l mt lnh vc tng i mi ti Vit Nam, xut hin cng vi s ph cp mng Internet v my tnh t cui nhng nm 1990 u nhng nm 2000. Thng mi in t c bit n vi kh nhiu tn gi, ph bin nht l Thng mi in t, bn cnh l cc tn gi nh kinh doanh in t, thng mi phi giy t, marketing in t. Ti Vit Nam, thng mi in t thng c hiu theo c ngha hp v ngha rng. Theo ngha hp, thng mi in t l vic mua bn hng ha v dch v thng qua cc phng tin in t v mng vin thng. Theo ngha rng, thng mi iin t l vic ng dng cc thnh tu ca cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng vo cc hot ng qun l v kinh doanh. Thng mi in t cng chnh thc c a vo trong chng trnh o to cc bc i hc, cao ng v sau i hc, in hnh l ti trng i hc Ngoi thng (2004), i hc Thng mi (2005) v i hc Kinh t Quc dn. C quan qun l cao nht v Thng mi in t l Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin, B Cng thng.[sa]nh

ngha

Thng mi in t (cn gi l E-Commerce hay E-Business) l quy trnh mua bn hng ha v dch v thng qua cc phng tin in t v mng vin thng, c bit l qua my tnh v mng Internet. Thng mi in t (Electronic Commerce), mt yu t hp thnh ca nn "Kinh t s ha", l hnh thi hot ng thng mi bng cc phng php in t; l vic trao i thng tin thng mi thng qua cc phng tin cng ngh in t m ni chung l khng cn phi in ra giy trong bt c cng on no ca qu trnh giao dch (nn cn gi l "Thng mi khng c giy t"). "Thng tin" trong khi nim trn c hiu l bt c g c th truyn ti bng k thut in t, bao gm c th t, cc tp vn bn, cc c s d liu, cc bn tnh, cc bn v thit k bng my tnh in t, cc hnh ha, qung co, hi hng, n hng, ha n, biu gi, hp ng, cc mu n, cc biu mu, hnh nh ng, m thanh, v.v...

"Thng mi" (commerce) trong khi nim thng mi in t c hiu (nh quy nh trong "o lut mu v thng mi in t" ca Lin hip quc) l mi vn ny sinh ra t mi mi quan h mang tnh cht thng mi (commercial), d c hay khng c hp ng. Cc mi quan h mang tnh thng mi bao gm bt c giao dch thng mi no v cung cp hoc trao i hng ha, dch v; tho thun phn phi, i din hoc i l thng mi; y thc hoa hng, cho thu di hn; xy dng cc cng trnh; t vn; k thut cng trnh; u t; cp vn; ngn hng; bo him; tha thun khai thc hoc t nhng; lin doanh v cc hnh thc khc v hp tc cng nghip hoc kinh doanh; chuyn ch hng ha hay hnh khch bng ng bin, ng khng, ng st, ng b; v v.v... Nh vy, phm vi ca thng mi in t (E-commerce) rt rng, bao qut hu nh mi hnh thi hot ng kinh t, m khng ch bao gm bun bn hng ha v dch v; bun bn hng ho v dch v ch l mt trong hng nghn lnh vc p dng ca thng mi in t.[sa]Cc

khi nim khc nhau

Hai khi nim ph bin nht l "Thng mi in t" (ting Anh l E-Commerce) v "Kinh doanh in t" (ting Anh l E-Business). Nu thng mi in t ch yu bao hm cc hot ng marketing, bn hng, phn phi v thanh ton c ng dng cc phng tin in t v mng vin thng trong giao dch, th kinh doanh in t bao hm phm vi rng hn ca ng dng cc phng tin in t, mng vin thng vo cc kha cnh ca hot ng kinh doanh. c bit l ba hot ng chnh: Qun l chui cung ng (SCM), qun l ngun lc doanh nghip (ERP) v qun l quan h khch hng (CRM). Nhn mt cch tng qut, cc nh ngha thng mi in t c chia thnh hai nhm ty thuc vo quan im:[sa]Hiu

theo ngha hp

Theo ngha hp, thng mi in t ch n thun b hp thng mi in t trong vic mua bn hng ha v dch v thng qua cc phng tin in t, nht l qua Internet v cc mng vin thng. Theo T chc Thng mi th gii (WTO), "Thng mi in t bao gm vic sn xut, qung co, bn hng v phn phi sn phm c mua bn v thanh ton trn mng Internet, nhng c giao nhn mt cch hu hnh, c cc sn phm giao nhn cng nh nhng thng tin s ho thng qua mng Internet".

Theo y ban Thng mi in t ca T chc Hp tc kinh t chu - Thi Bnh Dng (APEC), "Thng mi in t l cng vic kinh doanh c tin hnh thng qua truyn thng s liu v cng ngh tin hc k thut s".[sa]Hiu

theo ngha rng

C hai nh ngha khi qut c y nht phm vi hot ng ca Thng mi in t: Lut mu v Thng mi in t ca y ban Lin hp quc v Lut Thng mi quc t (UNCITRAL) nh ngha: " Thut ng thng mi [commerce] cn c din gii theo ngha rng bao qut cc vn pht sinh t mi quan h mang tnh cht thng mi d c hay khng c hp ng. Cc quan h mang tnh thng mi commercial bao gm, nhng khng ch bao gm, cc giao dch sau y: bt c giao dch no v cung cp hoc trao i hng ha hoc dch v; tho thun phn phi; i din hoc i l thng mi, y thc hoa hng (factoring), cho thu di hn (leasing); xy dng cc cng trnh; t vn, k thut cng trnh (engineering); u t; cp vn, ngn hng; bo him; tha thun khai thc hoc t nhng, lin doanh v cc hnh thc v hp tc cng nghip hoc kinh doanh; chuyn ch hng ha hay hnh khch bng ng bin, ng khng, ng st hoc ng b". Theo nh ngha ny, c th thy phm vi hot ng ca thng mi in t rt rng, bao qut hu ht cc lnh vc hot ng kinh t, trong hot ng mua bn hng ha v dch v ch l mt phm vi rt nh trong thng mi in t. Theo y ban chu u: "Thng mi in t c hiu l vic thc hin hot ng kinh doanh qua cc phng tin in t. N da trn vic x l v truyn d liu in t di dng text, m thanh v hnh nh". Thng mi in t trong nh ngha ny gm nhiu hnh vi trong : hot ng mua bn hng ha; dch v; giao nhn cc ni dung k thut s trn mng; chuyn tin in t; mua bn c phiu in t, vn n in t; u gi thng mi; hp tc thit k; ti nguyn trn mng; mua sm cng cng; tip th trc tip vi ngi tiu dng v cc dch v sau bn hng; i vi thng mi hng ho (nh hng tiu dng, thit b y t chuyn dng) v thng mi dch v (nh dch v cung cp thng tin, dch v php l, ti chnh); cc hot ng truyn thng (nh chm sc sc kho, gio dc) v cc hot ng mi (nh siu th o) Theo quan im th hai nu trn, "thng mi" (commerce) trong "thng mi in t" khng ch l bun bn hng ho v dch v (trade) theo cc hiu thng thng,

m bao qut mt phm vi rng ln hn nhiu, do vic p dng thng mi in t s lm thay i hnh thi hot ng ca hu ht nn kinh t. Theo c tnh n nay, thng mi in t c ti trn 1.300 lnh vc ng dng, trong , bun bn hng ho v dch v ch l mt lnh vc ng dng. Cc im c bit ca thng mi in t so vi cc knh phn phi truyn thng l tnh linh hot cao v mt cung ng v gim thiu ln ph tn vn ti vi cc i tc kinh doanh. Cc ph tn khc th d nh ph tn in thoi v i li thu nhp khc hng hay ph tn trnh by gii thiu cng c gim xung. Mc du vy, ti cc dch v vt cht c th, khong cch khng gian vn cn phi c khc phc v v th i hi mt kh nng tip vn ph hp nht nh. Ngy nay ngi ta hiu khi nim thng mi in t thng thng l tt c cc phng php tin hnh kinh doanh v cc quy trnh qun tr thng qua cc knh in t m trong Internet hay t nht l cc k thut v giao thc c s dng trong Internet ng mt vai tr c bn v cng ngh thng tin c coi l iu kin tin quyt. Mt kha cnh quan trng khc l khng cn phi thay i phng tin truyn thng, mt c trng cho vic tin hnh kinh doanh truyn thng. Thm vo l tc ng ca con ngi vo quy trnh kinh doanh c gim xung n mc ti thiu. Trong trng hp ny ngi ta gi l Thng n gia cng (Straight Through Processing). lm c iu ny i hi phi tch hp rng ln cc cc tnh nng kinh doanh.[sa]Phng

tin ca thng mi in t

Cc phng tin in t c s dng trong thng mi in t l:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

My in thoi; My fax; Truyn hnh; Cc h thng thit b cng ngh thanh ton in t (Bao gm c mng Cc mng ni b (Intranet) v Mng ngoi b (Extranet); Mng ton cu Internet. Cng c Internet v Website ngy cng ph

gi tr gia tng);

bin, giao dch thng mi in t vi nc ngoi hu nh u qua Internet, cc mng ni b v ngoi b nay cng thng s dng cng ngh Internet.[sa]Hnh

thc giao dch

Cc hnh thc hot ng ch yu ca giao dch thng mi in t l:

1. 2. 3. 4.

Th in t (email); Thanh ton in t (electronic payment); Trao i d liu in t (electronic data interchange - EDI); Giao gi s ha cc d liu (digital delivery of content), tc vic mua

bn, trao i cc sn phm m ngi ta cn ni dung (chnh ni dung l hng ho), m khng cn ti vt mang hng ho (nh: phim nh, m nhc, cc chng trnh truyn hnh, phn mm my tnh, v.v...);

5.

Bn l hng ho hu hnh (retail of tangible goods).

Trong cc hnh thc trn, trao i d liu in t (di dng cc d liu c cu trc) l hnh thc ch yu.[sa]Cch

giao tip

Thng mi in t bao gm bn loi giao tip:

1. 2. 3. 4.

Ngi vi ngi (qua in thoi, th in t, fax); Ngi vi my tnh in t (qua cc mu biu in t, qua Website); My tnh in t vi ngi (qua fax, th in t); My tnh in t vi my tnh in t (qua trao i d liu c cu

trc, th thng minh, m vch).[sa]Cch

giao dch

Giao dch thng mi in t tin hnh:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Gia cc doanh nghip v ngi tiu dng; Gia cc doanh nghip vi nhau; Gia doanh nghip vi Chnh ph; Gia ngi tiu th vi Chnh ph; Gia cc c quan Chnh ph.

Trong cc quan h giao dch ni trn, giao dch gia cc doanh nghip vi nhau l quan h ch yu.[sa]Tiu

chun k thut

eBXML XML cho quy trnh kinh doanh in t XBEL XML dng trong k ton BMECat XML dng trong trao i d liu danh mc hng ha, thng tin gi WClass H thng nhm hng ha ca cng nghip in UNSPSC - Tiu chun phn loi hng ha shopinfo.xml Cung cp d liu sn phm v ca hng

c,...

[sa]Li

ch ca thng mi in t

Gip cho cc Doanh nghip nm c thng tin phong ph v th trng Gim chi ph sn xut Gim chi ph bn hng v tip th Thng qua Internet gip ngi tiu dng v cc doanh nghip gim ng Thit lp v cng c mi quan h gia cc thnh phn tham gia vo qu To iu kin sm tip cn nn kinh t s ha.[1]

v i tc

k thi gian v ch ph giao dch

trnh thng mi.

[sa]Cc

loi th trng in t

Ty thuc vo i tc kinh doanh ngi ta gi l th trng B2B, B2C, C2B hay C2C. Th trng m l nhng th trng m tt c mi ngi c th ng k v tham gia. Ti mt th trng ng ch c mt s thnh vin nht nh c mi hay cho php tham gia. Mt th trng ngang tp trung vo mt quy trnh kinh doanh ring l nht nh, th d nh cung cp: nhiu doanh nghip c th t cc ngnh khc nhau tham gia nh l ngi mua v lin h vi mt nhm nh cung cp. Ngc li, th trng dc m phng nhiu quy trnh kinh doanh khc nhau ca mt ngnh duy nht hay mt nhm ngi dng duy nht. Sau khi ln sng lc quan v thng mi in t ca nhng nm 1990 qua i, thi gian m xut hin nhiu th trng in t, ngi ta cho rng sau mt qu trnh tp trung ch c mt s t th trng ln l s tip tc tn ti. Th nhng bn cnh l ngy cng nhiu nhng th trng chuyn mn nh.

Ngy nay tnh hnh khc hn i: cng ngh thc hin mt th trng in t r i rt nhiu. Thm vo l xu hng kt ni nhiu thng tin cho hng khc nhau thng qua cc giao din lp trnh ng dng thnh lp mt th trng chung c mt cho hng cao. Ngoi ra cc th trng c lp trc y cn c tch hp ngy cng nhiu bng cc gii php phn mm cho mt cng Web ton din.[sa]Phn

loi thng mi in t

Thng mi in t c th c phn loi theo tnh cch ca ngi tham gia:

Ngi tiu dng

C2C (Consumer-To-Comsumer) Ngi tiu dng vi ngi tiu dng C2B (Consumer-To-Business) Ngi tiu dng vi doanh nghip C2G (Consumer-To-Government) Ngi tiu dng vi chnh ph B2C (Business-To-Consumer) Doanh nghip vi ngi tiu dng,v B2B (Business-To-Business) Doanh nghip vi doanh nghip B2G (Business-To-Government) Doanh nghip vi chnh ph B2E (Business-To-Employee) Doanh nghip vi nhn vin G2C (Government-To-Consumer) Chnh ph vi ngi tiu dng G2B (Government-To-Business) Chnh ph vi doanh nghip G2G (Government-To-Government) Chnh ph vi chnh ph

Doanh nghip

d vit nam c trang: http://vietnamb2c.com

Chnh ph

[sa]Cc

i hi ca thng mi in t

Song song vi cc li ch r rt, trc mt cng nh lu di; Thng mi in t , ang, v cn tip tc t ra hng lot cc i hi phi p ng, v cc vn cn phi gii quyt, trn tt c cc bnh din bao gm: doanh nghip, quc gia v quc t. Nhng i hi ca thng mi in t l mt tng th ca hng chc vn phc tp an xen vo nhau trong mt mi quan h hu c; v bao gm:[sa]H

tng c s cng ngh

Ch c th tin hnh thc t v mt cch c hiu qu thng mi in t khi c mt h tng c s cng ngh thng tin nng lc, bao gm hai nhnh: tnh ton (computing) v truyn thng(communications), hai nhnh ny ngoi cng ngh thit

b cn cn phi c mt nn cng nghip in t vng mnh lm nn; v hin nay ang c xu hng a c cng ngh bo mt v an ton vo c s h tng cng ngh ca thng mi in t. i hi v h tng c s cng ngh bao gm hai mt: mt l tnh tin tin, hin i v cng ngh v thit b, hai l tnh ph cp v kinh t ( r tin ng o con ngi c th thc t tip cn c).[sa]H

tng c s nhn lc

Hot ng thng mi, theo ng ngha ca ch "thng mi" trong "thng mi in t", lin quan ti mi ngi, t ngi tiu dng n doanh nghip, phn phi, Chnh ph, cc nh cng ngh, nn vic p dng thng mi in t tt yu i hi a s con ngi phi c k nng thc t ng dng cng ngh thng tin mt cch c hiu qu, c thi quen lm vic trn my tnh, trn mng my tnh, v cn phi c mt i ng chuyn gia thng tin mnh.[sa]Bo

mt, an ton

Giao dch thng mi qua cc phng tin in t, trong mi d liu (k c ch k) u dng s ho, t ra yu cu nghim ngt v tnh bo mt, an ton, trnh mt tin, la gt, thay ithng tin, xm nhp d liu, v.v... l cc ri ro ngy mt ln, khng ch vi ngi bun bn, m c vi ngi qun l, vi tng quc gia, v cc h thng in t c th b k xu (thng gi l"hacker") xm nhp, i hi phi c cc h thng bo mt, an ton c thit k trn c s k thut m ha hin i, v mt c ch an ninh hu hiu (nht l i vi cc h thng c lin quan ti an ninh quc gia). Ngoi ra, cn c nhu cu ngy cng tng v gi gn b mt ring t.[sa]H

thng thanh ton t ng

Thng mi in t ch c th thc hin thc t v c hiu qu khi tn ti mt h thng thanh ton ti chnh mc pht trin cao, cho php tin hnh thanh ton t ng (trong "th thng minh") c vai tr c bit quan trng trong kinh doanh bn l; khi cha c h thng ny, th thng mi in t ch gii hn trong khu trao i tin tc, cn vic bun bn hng ha v dch v vn phi kt thc bng tr tin trc tip hoc qua cc phng tin thanh ton truyn thng; hiu qu s thp, rt c th khng b p chi ph trang b phng tin thng mi in t.[sa]Bo

v s hu tr tu

Gi tr ca sn phm ngy nay tp trung "cht xm"; ti sn ca con ngi, ca quc gia, ang quy dn v "ti sn cht xm", thng tin tr thnh ti sn, v bo v ti sn cui cng s tr thnh bo v s hu tr tu. V th trong vic truyn gi cc

d liu qua mng ni ln vn bo v s hu cht xm v bn quyn ca cc thng tin (hnh thc qung co, nhn hiu thng mi, cu trc c s d liu, cc ni dung truyn gi), cc kha cnh phc tp hn nhiu so vi vic bo v s hu tr tu trong nn kinh t vt th.[sa]Bo

v ngi tiu dng

Bo v ngi tiu dng l mc tiu ngy cng c cao trong thng mi. Quy cch phm cht hng ha, v cc thng tin lin quan trong thng mi in t u dng s ha, nn ngi mua chu ri ro ln hn so vi giao dch thng mi vt th; b cu, phi c c ch trung gian m bo cht lng, l mt kha cnh ang ni ln trc thc tin ri ro ang ngy cng gia tng trong giao dch thng mi in t, xm phm vo quyn li ca ngi tiu dng.[sa]Mi

trng kinh t v php l

Mi mt quc gia, thng mi in t ch c th tin hnh khi tnh php l ca n c tha nhn (biu hin c th bng s tha nhn php l gi tr ca cc giao dch in t, ch k in t, ch k s ha, cc thanh ton in t, cc d liu c xut x t cc c quan nh nc, s hu tr tu hm cha trong thng tin trn Website, b mt i t, v bo v php l i vi mng thng tin chng ti phm xm nhp), v c cc c quan xc thc hoc chng nhn ch k in t, v.v...; Ngoi ra, cn i hi mi doanh nghip, hng ha v dch v u c m ha thng nht; mt h thng thu thch hp x l cc d liu v cc dch v mua bn qua mng; ni cch khc, i hi phi c mt mi trng kinh t tiu chun ha mc cao, vi cc kha cnh ca thng mi in t c phn nh y trong quan h ni lut. Trn bnh din quc t, vn mi trng php l cn phc tp hn na, v cc trao i l xuyn quc gia, i hi phi c s hi ha gia cc h thng php lut v h thng chnh tr khc nhau.[sa]Tc

ng vn ho x hi

Tc ng vn ha x hi ca thng mi in t xut hin khi s dng Internet lm cng c giao tip, nh khi tin hnh thng mi in t qua bin gii (vi nc khc), hoc nu trong mt quc gia nhng s dng Iternet, Web lm cng c mng. Internet c th tr thnh "hp th" giao dch mua bn dm, ma tu, v bun lu; cc lc lng phn x hi a ln Internet phim con heo, cc tuyn truyn kch dc c mc ch i vi tr em, cc hng dn lm bom th, lm cht n ph hoi, cc loi tuyn truyn kch ng bo lc, phn bit chng tc, k th tn gio, v.v...; Internet cng c th tr thnh mt phng tin thun li cho cc lc lng chng i s

dng tuyn truyn, kch ng lt Chnh ph v hoc gy ri lm lon trt t x hi; ngoi ra phi tnh ti tc ng v cun ht thanh nin theo cc li sng khng ph hp vi bn sc vn ho dn tc (nu ch lm thng mi in t trong nc, thng qua ni mng cc doanh nghip, s dng mng quc gia, m khng dng Internet, th khng cn tnh ti tc ng tiu cc ny; nhng nu khng li dng Internet lm cng c giao tip chung, m thit lp cc mng ring th khng c tnh kinh t, v vic lm thng mi in t vi nc ngoi s b hn ch).[sa]L

thuc cng ngh

Hoa K ang khng ch ton b cng ngh thng tin trn th gii, c phn cng cng nh phn mm (bao gm phn mm h thng v phn mm ng dng), chun cng ngh Internet, cc phn mm tm kim v trnh duyt ch yu cng l ca Hoa K, Hoa K i u v c nhiu thc tin v kinh t s ha v thng mi in t. Mt khi thng mi c s ha th ton th gii s chu s khng ch cng ngh Hoa K v cc nc tin tin gn vi Hoa K, l iu c th a ti nhiu h qu. Thng mi in t bao trm mt phm v rng ln cc hot ng kinh t x hi, v h tng c s ca n l mt tng ha phc hp ca hng chc mt vn ; cho nn, tuyt i khng nn nhn nhn thng mi in t n thun ch l vic dng phng tin in t thc hin cc hnh vi bun bn truyn thng, m nn hiu rng mt khi chp nhn v p dng thng mi in t th ton b hnh thi hot ng ca mt t nc s thay i, c h thng gio dc, c tp qun lm vic v sinh hot hng ngy.[sa]Quy

nh php lut ca mt s quc giaWikipedia ting Vit hon ton khng chu trch nhim v ni dung ca nhng bi vit c ng ti, c bit l v tnh ng n, tnh thi s v y ca nhng thng tin c cung cp. Nhng bi vit trong Wikipedia ting Vit v lut php v cc ti lin quan u nhm vo mc ch cung cp kin thc ph thng v khng phi l mt t vn v php lut.

[sa]Quy

nh ca o

Thng mi in t c iu chnh ti o trc tin l bng Lut Thng mi in t (E-Commerce-Gesetz ECG), Lut bn hng t xa (Fernabsatzgesetz), Lut ch k (Signaturgesetz), Lut kim sot nhp hng (Zugangskontrollgesetz) cng nh bng Lut tin in t (E-Geld-Gesetz), m trong cc quy nh php lut v hp ng v bi thng ca b Lut Dn s o (Allgemeine brgerliche Gesetzbuch -

ABGB), nu nh khng c thay i bng nhng quy nh c bit trn, vn c gi tr.[sa]Quy

nh ca c

Nm trong cc iu 312b v sau ca b Lut dn s (Brgerliche Gesetzbuch BGB) (trc y l Lut bn hng t xa) l cc quy nh c bit v nhng ci gi l cc hp ng bn hng t xa. Ngoi nhng vic khc l quy nh v trch nhim thng tin cho ngi bn v quyn bi b hp ng cho ngi tiu dng. Cng trong quan h ny, Lut dch v t xa (Teledienstgesetz) n nh bn cnh nguyn tc nc xut x (iu 4) l ton b cc thng tin m nhng ngi iu hnh cc trang web c tnh cht hnh ngh, mc du ch l doanh nghip nh, c nhim v phi cung cp (iu 6) v iu chnh cc trch nhim ny trong doanh nghip (iu 8 n iu 11). nhng hp ng c k kt trc tuyn thng hay khng r rng l lut no c s dng. Th d nh mt hp ng mua c k kt in t c th l lut ca nc m ngi mua ang c ng, ca nc m ngi bn t tr s hay l nc m my ch c t. Lut php ca kinh doanh in t v th cn c gi l "lut ct ngang". Th nhng nhng iu khng r rng v lut php ny hon ton khng c ngha l lnh vc kinh doanh in t l mt vng khng c lut php. Hn th na, cc quy nh ca Lut dn s quc t (ting Anh: private international law) c p dng ti y. Ti nc c cc quy nh lut l chu u v thng mi c tch hp trong b Lut dn s, trong phn i cng v trong cc quy nh v bo v ngi tiu dng. Mt k thut ca thng mi in t c iu chnh trong Hip nh quc gia v dch v trong cc phng tin truyn thng ca cc tiu bang v trong Lut dch v t xa ca lin bang m tht ra v ni dung th hai b lut ny khng khc bit nhau nhiu.[sa]Quy

nh ca Vit Nam

C s php l iu chnh hot ng thng mi in t Vit Nam ra i kh mun so vi nhiu nc trn th gii. Cui nm 2005, Vit Nam mi c "Lut Giao dch in t" v nm 2006 mi ra i Ngh nh hng dn thi hnh lut ny. Ti u nm 2007, Chnh ph Vit Nam ban hnh Ngh nh s 27/2007/N-CP ngy 23/02/2007 "V giao dch in t trong hot ng ti chnh", s 26/2007/NCP ngy 15/02/2007 "Quy nh chi tit thi hnh Lut Giao dch in t v ch k s

v dch v chng thc ch k s", s 35/2007/N-CP ngy 08/03/2007 "V giao dch in t trong hot ng ngn hng".[sa]Phng

din xuyn bin gii

n gin ha thng mi in t xuyn bin gii v bo v ngi tiu dng tham gia, Ch th thng mi in t ca EU (ch th 2000/31/EG) c tha thun nh l c s lut php v cc tiu chun ti thiu cho cng ng chu u. n gin ha giao dch, trong Lin minh chu u, nhng quan h n do hp ng mang li, v c bn l c s t do chn la lut l ca cc phi tham gia. Hp ng ca ngi tiu dng, mt trong nhng iu ngoi l, c quy nh l khng c php thng qua vic la chn lut l m v hiu ha vic bo v ngi tiu dng xut pht t nhng quy nh bt buc ca quc gia m ngi tiu dng ang c ng, nu khi trc k kt hp ng c cho mi r rt hay mt qung co trong quc gia ngi tiu dng ang c ng v hot ng. Trong lnh vc B2B thng l lut ca ngi bn c tha thun n gin ha. Vic cng a lut ca quc gia ngi mua vo s dng l phc tp l v nu nh th ngi bn phi i ph vi 25 lut l khc nhau v phn ln li c vit bng ting nc ngoi. Th nhng nguyn tc quc gia xut x cng khng phi l hon ho: Ngi mua thng khng am hiu lut l ca nc khc v v th khng d dng i din c cho quyn li ca mnh. Ngoi ra vic hnh lut ca tng nc thng khc nhau v ngi bn t mt s quc gia nht nh hay c nhiu li th hn so vi nhng ngi khc. Trn l thuyt, mi nc u c kh nng thay i lut l mt cch tng ng y mnh nn kinh t quc gia. Tuy c nhng mt bng ti ny, thng mi trong Internet xuyn quc gia tt nhin cng c nhiu u th. Nhiu mn hng ch c bn trong mt s nc nht nh. Ngi mun mua c th tm c sn phm cn dng trong Internet vi s gip ca cc my truy tm c bit v cng c th so snh gi ca nhng ngi bn trong cc nc khc nhau. Mt phn th khng nhng l gi ca tng nhm sn phm khc nhau m thu gi tr thng d cng cn khc nhau, do mc d l tin gi hng cao hn nhng vic t mua nc ngoi c th mang li nhiu li ch hn. Trong phm vi ca EU ngi mua khng phi ng thu nn ph tn tng cng minh bch cho ngi mua. Ni tm li, thng mi in t xuyn bin gii mc du b ghm li do cn c iu khng chc chn trong php lut nhng c tim nng pht trin ln. Mt b lut

thng nht cho chu u quan tm nhiu hn na n li ch ca ngi tiu dng v lu di chc chn s mang li thm nhiu tng trng.[sa]

Thng Mi in T l g ?1. Thng mi in t l g ? C nhiu khi nim v thng mi in t (TMT), nhng hiu mt cch tng qut, TMT l vic tin hnh mt phn hay ton b hot ng thng mi bng nhng phng tin in t. TMT vn mang bn cht nh cc hot ng thng mi truyn thng. Tuy nhin, thng qua cc phng tin in t mi, cc hot ng thng mi c thc hin nhanh hn, hiu qu hn, gip tit kim chi ph v m rng khng gian kinh doanh. TMT cng c bit ti nh mt phng thc kinhdoanh hiu qu t khi Internet hnh thnh v pht trin. Chnh v vy, nhiu ngi hiu TMT theo ngha c th hn l giao dch thng mi, mua sm qua Internet v mng (v d mng Intranet ca doanh nghip). 2. Li ch ca TMT Li ch ln nht mTMT em li chnh l s tit kim chi ph v to thun li cho cc bn giao dch. Giao dch bng phng tin in t nhanh hn so vi giao dch truyn thng, v d gi fax hay th in t th ni dung thng tin n tay ngi nhn nhanh hn gi th. Cc giao dch qua Internet c chi ph rt r, mt doanh nghip c th gi th tip th, cho hng n hng lot khch hng ch vi chi ph ging nh gi cho mt khch hng. Vi TMT, cc bn c th tin hnh giao dch khi cch xa nhau, gia thnh ph vi nng thn, t nc ny sang nc kia, hay ni cch khc l khng b gii hn bi khng gian a l. iu ny cho php cc doanh nghip tit kim chi ph i li, thi gian gp mt trong khi mua bn. Vi ngi tiu dng, h c th ngi ti nh t hng, mua sm nhiu loi hng ha, dch v tht nhanh chng. Nhng li ch nhtrn ch c c vi nhng doanh nghip thc s nhn thc c gi tr ca TMT. V vy, TMT gp phn thc y s cnh tranh gia cc doanh nghip thu c nhiu li ch nht. iu ny c bit quan trng trong bi cnh hi nhp kinh t quc t, khi cc doanh nghip trong nc phi cnh tranh mt cch bnh ng vi cc doanh nghip nc ngoi. 3. Cc loi hnh ng dng TMT Da vo ch th ca thng mi in t, c th phn chia thng mi in t ra cc loi hnh ph bin nh sau: - Giao dch gia doanh nghip vi doanh nghip - B2B (business to business); - Giao dch gia doanh nghip vi khch hng - B2C (business to consumer); - Giao dch gia doanh nghip vi c quan nh nc - B2G (business to government);

- Giao dch trc tip gia cc c nhn vi nhau - C2C (consumer to consumer); - Giao dch gia c quan nh nc vi c nhn - G2C (government to consumer). B2B l loi hnh giao dch qua cc phng tin in t gia doanh nghip vi doanh nghip. Theo T chc Lin hp quc v Hp tc v Pht trin kinh t (UNCTAD), TMT B2B chim t trng ln trong TMT (khong 90%). Cc giao dch B2B ch yu c thc hin trn cc h thng ng dng TMT nh mng gi tr gia tng (VAN); dy chuyn cung ng hng ho, dch v (SCM), cc sn giao dch TMT Cc doanh nghip c th cho hng, tm kim bn hng, t hng, k kt hp ng, thanh ton qua cc h thng ny. mt mc cao, cc giao dch ny c th din ra mt cch t ng. TMT B2B em li nhiu li ch thc t cho doanh nghip, c bit gip gim cc chi ph v thu thp thng tin tm hiu th trng, qung co, tip th, m phn, tng cc c hi kinh doanh, B2C l loi hnh giao dch gia doanh nghip v ngi tiu dng qua cc phng tin in t. Doanh nghip s dng cc phng tin in t bn hng ha, dch v ti ngi tiu dng. Ngi tiu dng thng qua cc phng tin in t la chn, mc c, t hng, thanh ton, nhn hng. Giao dch B2C tuy chim t trng t (khong 10%) trong TMT nhng c s phm vi nh hng rng. tham gia hnh thc kinh doanh ny, thng thng doanh nghip s thit lp website, hnh thnh c s d liu v hng ho, dch v; tin hnh cc quy trnh tip th, qung co, phn phi trc tip ti ngi tiu dng. TMT B2C em li li ch cho c doanh nghip ln ngi tiu dng. Doanh nghip tit kim nhiu chi ph bn hng do khng cn phng trng by hay thu ngi gii thiu bn hng, chi ph qun l cng gim hn. Ngi tiu dng s cm thy thun tin v khng phi ti tn ca hng, c kh nng la chn v so snh nhiu mt hng cng mt lc.

B2G l loi hnh giao dch gia doanh nghip vi c quan nh nc, trong c quan nh nc ng vai tr khch hng. Qu trnh trao i thng tin gia doanh nghip vi c quan nh nc c tin hnh qua cc phng tin in t. C quan nh nc cng c th thit lp nhng website ti ng ti thng tin v nhu cu mua hng ca cc c quan nh nc, tin hnh vic u thu hng ho, dch v v la chn nh cung cp trn website. iu ny mt mt gip tit kim cc chi ph tm nh cung cp, ng thi gip tng cng tnh minh bch trong hot ng mua sm cng. C2C l loi hnh giao dch gia cc c nhn vi nhau. S pht trin ca cc phng tin in t lm cho nhiu c nhn c th tham gia hot ng thng mi vi t cch l ngi bn, ngi cung cp dch v. Mt c nhn c th t thit lp website kinh doanh nhng mt hng do mnh lm ra hoc s dng mt website c sn u gi mt s mn hng mnh c. C2C gp phn to nn s a dng ca th trng. G2C l loi hnh giao dch gia c quan nh nc vi c nhn. y ch yu l cc giao dch mang tnh hnh chnh, nhng c th mang nhng yu t ca TMT. V d khi ngi dn ng tin thu qua mng, tr ph khi ng k h s trc tuyn, v.v... 4. Php lut v thng mi in t Ngy 1/3/2006, Lut Giao dch in t Vit Nam chnh thc c hiu lc. n cui nm 2007, bn trong s nm ngh nh hng dn Lut Giao dch in t c ban hnh, v c bn hon thnh khung php l cho vic trin khai ng dng giao dch in t trong cc lnh vc ln ca i sng x hi.

Ngy 9/6/2006, Chnh ph ban hnh Ngh nh v Thng mi in t vi vic tha nhn chng t in t c gi tr php l tng ng chng t truyn thng trong mi hot ng thng mi t cho hng, chp nhn cho hng, giao kt hp ng cho n thc hin hp ng. Ngy 15/2/2007, Ngh nh s 26/2007/N-CP quy nh chi tit v Ch k s v Dch v chng thc ch k s c ban hnh. Ngh nh ny quy nh v ch k s v cc ni dung cn thit lin quan n s dng ch k s, bao gm chng th s v vic qun l, cung cp v s dng dch v chng thc ch k s. y l nhng quy nh nn tng thit lp mt c ch m bo an ninh an ton cng nh tin cy ca cc giao dch in t, l iu kin tin quyt v mt k thut thc y ng dng thng mi in t rng ri trong x hi. Ngy 23/2/2007,Chnh ph ban hnh Ngh nh s 27/2007/N-CP quy nh chi tit thi hnh Lut Giao dch in t trong hot ng ti chnh. Ngh nh ny ra i nhm m bo cc iu kin cn thit hnh thnh v pht trin mt mi trng giao dch in t an ton, hiu qu; gip Chnh ph qun l c giao dch in t trong hot ng nghip v ti chnh, gim thiu hu qu xu pht sinh trong giao dch in t nh trn thu, gian ln khi lp ha n chng t. Ngy 8/3/2007, Ngh nh s 35/2007/N-CP v Giao dch in t trong hot ng ngn hng c ban hnh tp trung hng dn vic p dng Lut Giao dch in t cho cc hot ng ngn hng c th, bo m nhng iu kin cn thit v mi trng php l cng c, pht trin cc giao dch in t an ton v hiu qu i vi h thng ngn hng. 5. Thanh ton in t Thanh ton in t l hnh thc thanh ton tinhnh trn mi trng internet, thng qua h thng thanh ton in t ngi s dng mng c th tin hnh cc hot ng thanh ton, chi tr, chuyn tin, ... Thanh ton in tc s dng khi ch th tin hnh mua hng trn cc siu th o v thanh ton qua mng. thc hin vic thanh ton, th h thng my ch ca siu th phi c c phm mm thanh ton trong website ca mnh. 6. Qung co trn Internet Cng nh cc hnh thc qung co khc, qung co trn mng nhm cung cp thng tin y nhanh tin giao dch gia ngi bn v ngi mua. Tuy nhin, qung cao trn mng khc hn vi qung co trn cc phng tin thng tin i chng khc v n gip ngi tiu dng c th tng tc vi qung co. Trn mng mi th u c th a vo qung co, t b tr sn phm ti thit k cc nh nn pha sau ni dung qung co, lm cho logo hoc bt c nhn hiu sn phm no cng tr nn ni bt. Qung co trn Internet cng to c hi cho cc nh qung co nhm chnh xc vo i tng khch hng ca mnh v gip h qung co vi ng s thch v th hiu ngi dng. Ngoi ra, qung co trn mng cn l s kt hp ca qung co truyn thng v tip th trc tip. l s kt hp gia cung cp nhn hiu, cung cp thng tin v trao i bun bn cng mt ni. * Cc hnh thc qung co trn Internet - Qung co bng cc banner, ng link qua cc website khc - Qung co qua E-mail

- Qung co trn Website

Tin mi hn:

Thng mi in t 10 iu cn bitThng mi in t (TMT), hu nh tt c mi ngi khi nghe cm t ny u ngh ngay ti mt website bn hng qua mng. Nhng tht s ch c nh vy thi ? Nu TMT l d th ai cng c th lm c : khng phi ch cn thu mt nhm k thut xy dng mt h thng web cho bn ri a h thng ny ln mng l bn t ho rng mnh thc hin TMT. thc s thu li li ch mang li bi h thng web ca bn, bn cn phi lm nhiu iu hn. bn c hng ha bn cn phi thc hin cc bc t cho hng n hu mi. Thng mi in t ch l mt phn pht trin ca thng mi truyn thng. Marketing : bn phi dnh nhiu thi gian thu ht i tng khch hng vo xem trang web ca bn. iu ny cc k quan trng cho nhng trang web bn hng trn mng. Hoc bn c th tr tin cho dch v marketing website ca bn. Thc ra, y l hnh thc rt ph hp vi doanh nghip va v nh. Thay v phi thu t nht mt nhn vin lm vic ny v tr tin cho ng truyn Internet, bn c th ch phi tr vi chc -la M mi thng thu mt cng ty chuyn nghip tip th v qung co website ca bn n vi nhng i tng khch hng ca bn trn khp th gii. Bn khng th bn nhng g khch hng khng cn : khng phi bt c th g cng c th bn c qua mng. V d, s khng ai mua go hay du gi qua mng bi v h c th mua chng d dng cc ca hiu mi ni. Khi bn quyt nh bn hng qua mng, bn phi kho st k liu s c th trng tiu th qua mng cho mt hng ca bn hay khng. Nu c, th t s c ngi khc c cng tng vi bn, nn cnh tranh l iu khng th trnh khi, do , bn phi bit cch lm nn s khc bit cho sn phm, dch v ca mnh tng li th cnh tranh. Khch hng s khng tm thy bn : Chm ngp trong hng t trang web, lm sao khch hng c th tm thy website ca bn ? Thng thng mt ngi bit c mt website l do: tm kim t Search Engine, bn b gii thiu, hay c c thng tin v a ch website t mt ngun no khc. Cch tm qua Search Engine l thng dng nht. V th, bn phi ng k website ca mnh vi cc Search Engine, k c tr tin cho cc Search Engine c lit k nhng trang u. Ngoi ra, vic b tr phn loi thng tin hay hng ha trn trang web ca bn cng phi nhm n mc tiu lm sao cho ngi xem tm kim c ci h mun d dng nht. Nn nh, khch hng s khng kin nhn do chi trong website ca bn u. Tc : tc l mt yu t quan trng. Tc truyn ti trang web ca bn chm s khin khch hng mt kin nhn v b i. C 2 yu t ci thin tc truyn: trang web ca bn khng nn c nhiu hnh nh, m thanh khng thc s hu ch. L tng l mi trang web nn b hn 50KB. V khi mua dch v hosting, nn chn la cht lng hosting kha kh c th m bo tc x l v truyn tin khng qu t. Ngoi ra, nhng khu khc cng cn lu tc nh: tr li email, giao hng Bn cng lun mun c phc v nhanh chng v c cht lng phi khng ?

Website n gin : bn hy xem th website www.google.com hay www.amazon.com v s thy rng chng rt n gin v thit k, khng c hnh nh ng, nhiu mu sc, nhng iu ti quan trng l chc nng mnh ca chng. l mu cht ca vn : khch hng khng cn mt website mang tnh ngh thut cao, m h cn mt website cung cp cho h nhng chc nng, sn phm, thng tin h cn. Nu bn khng hiu khch hng th bn khng thnh cng : c im ca TMT l giao dch o: ngi bn v ngi mua khng cn phi gp nhau. Do , vic tm hiu thi quen, s thch ca khch hng trong TMT li cng quan trng v khng d thc hin. Do , bng nhiu hnh thc, bn phi nghin cu k v s thch, thi quen, nhu cu ca nhm khch hng ca bn, t phc v khch hng tt hn, v cng l y mnh doanh s ca bn. i vi doanh nghip va v nh, thu mt cng ty dch v chuyn v lnh vc ny nghin cu v t vn cho bn s hiu qu hn v cht lng v chi ph. Khng phi ai cng c khiu v thit k web : cch tt nht xy dng h thng web ca bn, nu bn cha hiu bit su v TMT, l thu mt nhm chuyn mn lm vic ny cho bn. Ngy nay, chi ph dch v cho vic xy dng mt website qung co thng tin v doanh nghip ca bn ch vo khong trn di vi trm -la M. Nu bn bn hng qua mng, chi ph ny c th cao hn 3-4 ln. Ngoi ra, khi vit ni dung, bn cng c th nh dch v cht lng bi vit v bi dch (ting Anh) cao hn. Hin nay c rt nhiu cng ty dch v xy dng website v gi c dch v cng rt a dng. Bn nn tham kho k gi c v cc iu khon dch v c quyt nh ng n v khng b tr tin qu nhiu. Khch hng dng chn cng lu th cng c c hi bn c hng : iu ny cng d hiu v n cng ging nh trong thng mi truyn thng. Khi khch hng chu dng chn lu trong gian hng ca bn siu th hay hi ch, c ngha l h bt u quan tm n sn phm hay dch v ca bn v h tht tnh mun mua. Do , hy tm cch gi chn khch hng lu trong trang web ca bn bng cch cung cp thng tin hu ch v hp dn, t chc cc tr vui chi Nhng chuyn gia khng phi lc no cng ng : ng l bn phi nh n cc dch v chuyn nghip khi xy dng website, khi qung co website v.v Tuy nhin, tt nht bn hy t tm hiu nhng kin thc chung nht v TMT v mnh dn hi cc chuyn gia nhng iu bn mun bit. Hy c lp trng ring ca mnh, trong khi vn bit lng nghe ngi khc v sng lc cc kin. y l vic kinh doanh ca bn, v bn phi c kin ring ca mnh.

Xu hng thng mi in t ton cuInternet pht trin mnh m s l ng lc thc y s tng trng bun bn trn phm vi ton cu. Cc nc trn th gii v ang sn sng nhp cuc. D bo trong thi gian ti, thng mi in t s em li cho cc doanh nghip mt ngun li nhun khng l. Doanh thu t bn hng qua mng s chim mt phn ln. Bn hng qua mng Internet khng mt nhiu thi gian tr nn ph bin gia khch hng v cc nh kinh doanh trong nhng nm gn y, c bit l trong k nguyn ti. Thc t cho thy nm 1999, doanh thu bn hng t thng mi in t chim mt phn quan trng trong tng doanh thu ti hu ht cc cng ty trn th gii. Qua t kho st gn y, cc giao dch thng mi in t chim 9% doanh thu

hng nm ti 300 cng ty. Con s ny c thay i t 6% ti cc cng ty c qui m va v nh ti 13% ti cc cng ty ln. Cng trong nm 1999, s ngi M tin hnh cc th tc giao dch, mua hng trn mng l 39 triu ngi (tng gp i so vi nm 1998), 34% s h gia nh ngi M ni mng Internet v 17% trong s tin hnh mua hng qua mng. Theo cc chuyn gia trong lnh vc cng ngh thng tin, doanh thu t bn hng qua mng Internet s tip tc tng trong nm ti v s gi mc n nh trong vi nm tip theo. Thch thc t thng mi in t Mc d bn hng qua mng Internet ang pht trin mt cch nhanh chng nhng cng phi cn nhiu thi gian c th t c doanh thu cao ca hu ht cc cng ty. c nhng lo ngi v s cnh tranh vi thng mi in t ca cc i th trong th gii kinh doanh truyn thng. Ty tng ngnh cng nghip khc nhau s phi i u vi nhng thch thc khc nhau trong nm 2000 trong ngnh cng nghip my tnh, 60% chuyn gia cng ngh thng tin lo lng v cc hot ng thng mi in t ca cc i th cnh tranh hn cc phng thc kinh doanh truyn thng xa nay. Tuy nhin, cc ngnh sn xut v dch v khc th ch c khong 30% lo ngi v dng kinh doanh qua thng mi in t ca i th. Thng mi in t ton cu ang pht trin mnh Vi khu vc th trng ni a to ln, nhiu cng ty ca M cn chm trong vic bn hng ra ton th gii. Hin nay, ch c khong 12% lng hng bn ra t cc cng ty ln ca M ra th trng nc ngoi. Nhng theo xu hng pht trin tt yu, con s ny ang c chiu hng gia tng v d bo s tng 15% trong hai nm ti. Mt s nc Chu CNG ANG TCH CC trong cuc chy ua vi cc quc gia pht trin. Trong vng 5 nm ti, s lung ngi chu truy cp vo mng Internet s vt qu tng s ngi truy cp chu u v Bc M gp li. D kin doanh thu mua bn hng trn mng Internet ti chu s tng ln rt nhiu, chim 1/4 thu nhp thng mi Internet trn ton cu (khong 1.400 t USD vo nm 2003). Cc cng ty ln vi ngun hng n nh lun mong mun m rng th trng, rt tch cc trong vic trin khai thng mi in t, tng cng vic bn hng ra ton cu, ng thi trin khai vic mua hng ha v dch v t ngun bn ngoi.

Tng lai v trin vng no cho Ebusiness? giai on u, giai on "trng nc", E-business l tt c cc cng vic nh : xy dng mt trang web, hp dn ngi xem v ginh ly nhng n hng. Nhng tp on ln v nhng khch hng giu c u x vo web ging nh nhng k x i o vng. H thi nhau xy dng nhng giao din ngi s dng v nhng gi mua hng in t, ging nh kinh doanh truyn thng.

Tuy nhin, ch trong vi nm, cng ging nh hu ht nhng a tr mi cho i, nhng ngi kinh doanh E-business bt u khc. Vi vic u t hng triu USD v khng thu c li, nhiu ngi buc phi ng ca nhng ca hng o ca mnh. Ngy nay, E-business vt qua giai on khng hong, nh a tr bit i v sp sa trng thnh, mc tiu c bn ca E-business hin nay l hon thnh n hng ca khch hng. Bc vo giai on ny ca E-business. Liu chng ta c th hy vng thy c g giai on "ly li sc" ca E-business hin nay? Cc chuyn gia ch ra mt vi xu hng ni bt. Kent Allen, chuyn gia phn tch ca Tp on Aberdeen, cho bit, nhng cng ngh E-business mi ang ni ln hin nay u tp trung vo nhng vn nguy cp nh qun l n hng phn phi v h tr cc qu trnh kinh doanh. Trong khi vic bn hng trc tip v "bn tro" u l nhng vic c ch trng giai on trc y th by gi vic h tr cc cng ngh d on nhu cu, nh gi sn phm v vic nh gi li l nhng vn ch cht. Nhng chc nng sau bn hng, nh vic i chiu ho n, qun l bo hnh, v doanh thu v nhng vn hu cn cng c ch trng. Allen lu rng nhng cng ty ln ang t ng ho cc qu trnh v gim chi ph dch v khch hng sau bn, t chc tt hn vic b sung hng v cc c hi bn hng sau tiu th. Theo Allen, vn cn c nhiu vic phi lm sau khi bn ginh c n hng v chuyn sn phm n khch hng. Vn l cn loi b mt s phng php lm bng tay. Hng ho no cho E-Business Trong thi gian u, E-business u ch da vo 5 loi hng: my tnh, mi gii trc tuyn, du lch trc tuyn, sch v m nhc v bn u gi - chim 75% doanh thu. Cc chuyn gia ch ra rng nhng mt hng ny sp ti s ch cn chim khong 50% doanh thu trc tuyn, v nhng ngi i mua hng a dng ho nhu cu mua hng ca h, bao gm: qun o, dc phm, hng tp phm, cc dch v thng tin v cc hng ho thng thng. Andrew Bartels, chuyn gia ca Tp on thng tin Giga cho bit: "Hng tp phm l mt lnh vc m vi nm trc em li t l li sut kh cao v sau tr nn bi t vo nm ngoi, song c th bt u t nm nay s hng thnh ca loi hng ny li tr li". Bn hng a knh Ngoi vic bn nhng loi sn phm khc nhau, cc chuyn gia cho bit, nhng ngi i mua hng trc tuyn cng nhn thy u im ca vic bn hng a knh. Cc cng ty nh Best Buy v Circuit City hin ang thu c nhng kinh nghim vi nhng h thng cho php khch hng lu gi cc sn phm trn mng trong gi mua hng ca h. V nhng dy chuyn cung cp nh Staples, Office Depot v Office Max cng ang lm cng vic bn hng a knh kh tt. Trong mt ti liu sp pht hnh ca tp on Aberdeen, Alen tng kt rng 86% nhng khch hng mi cam oan tham gia mt vi hot ng E-business. Cng ty cng t ho c t l s dng E-business l 90% v hy vng n cui nm nay knh bn hng trc tuyn ca cng ty s em li 70% tng s n hng. Cn Bartels th cho bit: "Vn l s trao i thng tin t knh ny sang knh khc. Cng ty bn phi m bo rng vn tn kho ca hng ho l do ca hng gim st trnh trng hp xy ra l khi khch hng cn mua th li khng c mt hng ".

Nhng quy tc thi gian thc Vn ny c th ny sinh do cc cng ngh E-business. Do , nhng ngi tham gia E-business ngy nay hin ang u t vo nng lc tim tng ca thi gian thc qun l cc n hng, chuyn gia Geri Spieler ca GartnerG2 cho bit. Theo ng, vic x l n hng thi gian thc c th tng nng sut v chnh xc hon thnh n hng ln 50%. Tuy nhin, nhiu cng ty vn u tranh gi hng tn kho v chuyn mt n hng n l n mt khch hng n l. Theo ng Spieler, cc cng ty c s lng khch hng ln ang tm kim thi gian thc cho dy chuyn cung cp v s lu tr ca h bit c khi no hng n v h c th trnh c tnh trng khng c hng tch tr v tch tr qu nhiu. Ngi sn xut ng thi l ngi kinh doanh trc tip Theo nh gi ca nhiu chuyn gia, s c nhiu li th nu nh sn xut ng thi cng tham gia trc tip vo E-Business. C nh vy hng ho s tiu th nhanh hn v c uy tn hn trn cc ca hng o trn mng. Levi-Strauss, hng sn xut thi trang hng u th gii, thu c rt nhiu li nhun t nhng i tc bn l qun jean v qun kaki trc tuyn ca mnh trong giai on u ca E-business v nay mi lo ngi v s xung t gia cc knh bn hng ang gim dn trong tng lai, li nhun ha hn tng cao. "Nhng ngi bn l khng phi lo s lm vo tnh hung m Amazone gp phi", Bartels ni. "Nhng nh sn xut c c hi bn hng trc tip cho khch hng da trn cc nguyn tc c bn". Levi, Mattel, Fisher-Price v Sony l 4 trong s nhng cng ty bn hng trc tip ni trn, trong khi Black & Decker cung cp nhng ng kt ni ti nhng cng ty bn hng l bn th 3 trn trang web ca cng ty. C l xu hng ni bt nht ca E-business hin nay v trong tng lai l tn dng c hi to ra li nhun c khch l bi nhng cuc cch tn nh cp trn. Theo cc chuyn gia, sp ti y, chng ta c l s khng nhn thy c s tng trng mc 300% nh trc kia, nhng tc tng trng hng nm 20% l iu c tht. Theo Allen: "Vic thu li nhun ca E-business ngy nay bt u n nh. Trong tng lai gn cc knh bn hng lun gp phi thch thc, tuy nhin kt qu kinh doanh xem ra kh kh quan. Theo BwPortal

Bin thng mi in t thnh vng ?Thc t ai cng u bit rng iu quan trng thc y c hot ng kinh doanh ngy nay chnh l d liu, bi mt cng ty cng c nhiu thng tin bao nhiu th thun li cnh tranh trn th trng ca n cng tt by nhiu. Nh vic ly c d liu theo ng kch chut trn Internet t cc my ch m cc cng ty c th phn tch c hnh vi khch hng, nhn bit c nhng mi quan tm ca khch hng cng nh xc nh c nhng s thch ca h i vi cc sn phm v dch v c th. Kho bu thng tin v ch ny c th cng c s dng d bo xem khch hng s mua ci g, khi no v mc gi no. Cn bn th ch cn bit lm nh th no m thi.

Khai thc d liu thay vng Hu ht cc nh tip th u c mt tri gic bm sinh v nhng ci m cc khch hng ca h mun. Du vy, cc nh tip th gii vn lun c gng tm cch hp thc ng c cc gi nh vi bng chng hn l n gin ch tin vo kinh nghim v trc gic ca h. Th nhng, cho d nhiu ngi u chc chn rng d liu ang nm u trn my ch ca web th h cng vn khng lm th no ly n ra c. Ni u tin m cc nh tip th trc tuyn hng vo tm s tr gip thng chnh l b phn cng ngh thng tin ca h. Mc d nhng nh qun l mng, cc nh qun tr cng ngh thng tin v c nhng ngi qun tr web c th bit ni tm ra d liu quan trng, nhng h khng bit lm th no phn tch c n hoc ly ra c tin tc. Di p lc t b phn tip th, mt k s tch cc c th pht trin c mt h thng n gin nhm xc nh c cc khch hng theo cc mu hnh vi hoc qu trnh giao dch tng t. Tuy nhin, kh nng hiu lm th no s dng c thng tin th lun lun nm ngoi tm vi ca h. Nng cp mnh li c Hai phng php ph bin nht i vi s phn khc cc khch hng u i hi s dng d liu nhn khu hc v tinh thn hc.D liu nhn khu hc bao gm thng tin chng hn nh thu nhp, gio dc, dng tc, tui, mi quan h vi ch h, vn vn... Cn d liu tinh thn hc li kim tra v nhng hnh vi v li sng ca tng c nhn, k c vic quyn li v gi tr. Nhng phn khc ny thng da trn nhng s liu c thu thp trong sut cc giao dch khch hng, hoc t thng tin c khch hng cung cp khi tham gia ng k trn mt dch v hoc mt trang web. Vn i vi c hai phng php tch bit ny l chng em li s thu hiu ngho nn v ci m khch hng thc s mong mun cng nh trong vic d on v hnh vi tng lai ca ngi . Ly v d, cc nh tip th thng a ra nhng kt lun rng: mt ph n vi thu nhp 100.000 la s cm thy hng th trong vic mua mt chic ti xch ca mt nh thit k bi c ta c th iu kin mua n, thm ch dng nh khng h c bng chng trc tip no h tr cho vic khch hng thc s mun mua n. Phng php th ba chnh l quan st hnh vi. Trong khi t c p dng nht th y li chnh l phng php c gi tr nht. Nh vo vic quan st hnh vi ca cc khch hng trong lc tri qua vic mua hng trc tuyn, cc nh tip th c th c c mt h s chnh xc hn v nhng s thch tht s v nhng mc ch mua sm trong tng lai ca mt khch hng. Vic nhm vo hnh vi s dng thng tin c thu thp da vo hnh vi lt Web ca mi c th - chng hn nh nhng trang xem, nhng tm kim lm, nhng i tng c b sung, vic kch chut vo cc ng dn v c nhng qung co c xem. Nhng hnh vi c th kt hp vi nhng d liu nhn khu hc v tinh thn hc c thu thp mt khi chng c quan st. K thut ca s phn khc Sau , mt s phi hp phn khc phi c pht trin. Rt cuc, nhng s phi hp phn khc nn c dng tm ra c nhng b khch hng c gi tr nht. Nhng ci c th c tm thy bng phn loi khch hng theo nhng mu chng hn nh: vic mua sm gn y, vic ng k tham gia chng trnh u n hoc vic s dng tin nong hp l. Hu ht nhng s phi hp phn khc u c th c li t nhng phn khc RFM c bn (Recency thi gian, Frequency tn sut, v Monetary tin t), cng nh vic xem (hnh vi lt web). Mt s phng thc i vi tt c nhng iu ny c th c kt hp xc nh ra c nm nhm khch hng u tin.

c tin t d liu Mt khi nhng phn khc c thit lp, cc nh tip th phi hiu c gi tr ng la c kt hp vi nhng thnh vin ca phn khc . (Nu mt ngi i du lch hng thng gia s mt chi ph ln hn ti 20 ln so vi mt ngi i du lch mc tit kim th bn c bit ni tt nht s dng nhng ng la tip th ca bn khng?) Nu bn va to ra nhiu phn khc v tt c chng u c cng gi tr th sau nhng phn khc c th khng c ch lm. Du cho mt s phn khc c th ni cho bn bit rng cc khch hng ca bn c nhng s a thch khc nhau, nhng ch yu phi hiu c chng c to ra li nhun v bao nhiu tin cho cng vic kinh doanh ca bn khng.Cc phn khc c gi tr cao hoc nhng ci m to ra c hu ht doanh thu hoc li nhun cho mt cng ty th l nhng ci quan trng nht phi quan tm ti. Nu phn khc khch hng ng u ca bn to ra trung bnh 500 la mt ngi hng nm cho cng ty bn, nhng li ch c 1000 thnh vin, th n lc tip th ca bn c th c tp trung vo vic thc y nhng ngi to ra doanh thu cp hai, vi 100.000 thnh vin (m trung bnh l 200 la mt ngi hng nm), thnh phn khc cao nht tip theo. u t v li nhun Khi bn bit nhng khch hng no l gi tr hng u cho cng ty bn th bn c th a ra nhng chng trnh tip th ph hp vi h v u t vo nhng mi quan h . Vic c c s thu hiu v c tin tc i vi gi tr ca mi phn khc cho php cc nh tip th pht trin cc chng trnh thch hp vi s ng gp ca h i vi mc tiu quan trng ca cng ty bn, hoc c tr tnh chuyn nhng nhm t di ln ng u trong nc thang phn khc ca bn. Khng quan tm ti phm vi khai thc d liu m mt nh tip th thc hin, mt cht tin tc cng c th c s dng to ra rt nhiu li nhun. Khi bn bit c nhng khch hng no l gi tr hng u cho cng ty bn, bn c th a ra nhng chng trnh tip th ph hp vi h v u t vo nhng mi quan h , bi bng cch tp trung vo vic pht trin theo xng sng ca cc khch hng, cc nh tip th s c kh nng lm tng ti a gp nhiu ln vic sinh li ca u t (ROI Return On Investment). Herms (theo BWPortal/ HSB)

Ti nguyn "thng mi in t" b b qun?Thng mi in t chnh l mt ngun ti nguyn khng l, khng nhng n khng b cn kit khi c khai thc nh cc loi ti nguyn thin nhin m trong k nguyn cng ngh thng tin v vin thng pht trin nh v bo, n ngy cng phong ph v a dng hn. Tuy nhin, bt cp chnh l ch chng ta qun khai thc n hoc mi ch khai thc c dng b mt. V tt nhin, chng ta ang lng ph mt n by cho pht trin kinh t.

Cha xc nh c tr lng chnh l quan im ca ng Trn Thanh Hi, Ph v trng V Thng mi in t (B Thng mi) trong cuc trao i vi VnEconomy. ng Hi cho bit, chng ta bt u bit v lm quen vi khi nim thng mi in t t nm 19971998 v ngy 15/9 Th tng Chnh ph ban hnh k hoch tng th thng mi in t giai on 2006-2010, nhng thc cht cho n nay vn cha c chnh sch no mang tm c v m cho vic khai thc ngun ti nguyn khng l ny. Hng nm, V Thng mi in t c quan c Chnh ph giao lm u mi cho cc chin lc pht trin thng mi in t, u thc hin mt cng trnh, tm coi l sch trng v thng mi in t. Trong , bo co s tng hp cc s liu, thng k v thng mi in t. Song, hin ti cc chng trnh pht trin, cc gii php cho vic khai thc tng hp s liu, thng k thng mi in t vn ang ri rm v ln xn nh mt m bng bong. Do , i tng chnh mang li gi tr ln cho nn kinh t l cng ng doanh nghip v bn thn cc c quan Nh nc u gp khng t kh khn. Nh bo ngi M Thomas L. Friedman, mt trong nhng chuyn gia hng u th gii v kinh t ton cu ha cng khng nh trong cun sch xp hng best seller The Lexus and Olive: thng mi in t l mt nguyn liu quan trng, nh mt ti nguyn, n sn sng cho bt k ai khai thc, l ci chung ai cng c th nm bt, c th bin n thnh ti sn ca mnh. Gi tr t thng mi in t Vy ngun ti nguyn ny s mang li cho doanh nghip, cc c quan Nh nc, t chc hip hi v hng triu c nhn s dng n nhng li ch g? ng Trn Thanh Hi cho rng, mi doanh nghip u c th tn dng n, c th l cc phng tin nh website, email, cc sn giao dch in t nh mt cng c qung co v cng hu hiu m chi ph b ra rt nh. Ngoi ra, n cng c coi l phng tin thay th cho hng lot cc loi hnh giao dch thng thng. Chng hn, thay v phi tm cch ny hay cch kia nh gi in thoi, c nhn vin i thu thp thng tin, cp nht th trng, c ch chnh sch mi, ch cn thng qua cc trang web c th nm bt c tt c nhng th , thm ch c th trc tip giao dch mua bn v thanh ton qua h thng ngn hng. Tt nhin, li ch m thng mi in t mang li rt nhiu m n c c quan qun l ln nht ca Nh nc v thng mi in t cng cha nm bt c ton b. Minh chng cho nhn nh trn, ng Nguyn Hu Tun, ph trch cng thng mi in t quc gia (B Thng mi) cho bit: Thng qua cng thng mi in t http://www.ecvn.gov.vn/, cc doanh nghip s c h tr xut khu, h tr giao dch v min ph hon ton 3 nm. Ngoi vic c h tr trc tuyn, cc doanh nghip cng c h tr ngoi tuyn bng cc hnh thc chnh sch, vn bn thng qua h thng c quan ca B Thng mi v cc Thng v ti nc ngoi. Cng thng mi in t quc gia cng nh mt con trin m bo cho tnh minh bch, mc uy tn v kh nng thc ca cc doanh nghip khi c php ln sn. Hin nay cng thng mi in t c khong 300 doanh nghip tham gia, d kin n 6/2006 s c khong 500 doanh nghip tham gia.

Hin khng t cc doanh nghip tm c bn hng xut khu v xut khu nhiu l hng c gi tr ln thng qua sn in t chnh thng ca quc gia ny. Cng theo ng Tun, Ban qun l cng thng mi in t cng lin tc cp nht thm nhng tnh nng v hnh thc h tr khc cho n v tham gia. c th hn, c th ly mt vi in hnh c th nh x chuyn trng rau qu sch Qunh Lng (Qunh Lu Ngh An) va ra mt trang http://www.quynhluong.gov.vn/ mt cch rt chuyn nghip v bc u to nn nhng hiu qu kinh doanh nht nh; Cng ty C phn Dc Hu Giang s dng trang web ca mnh rt tt, va l knh qung co, trao i thng tin, t vn khch hng, giao dch v lin lc; hoc nh mt cng ty trong Bnh nh k hp ng vi 1 doanh nghip H Ni v phn ur Bn cnh , hin nay c nc c khong 60 sn giao dch in t chuyn nghip v mt s trong to c ting vang ln. ng Nguyn Ha Bnh, qun l sn giao dch chodientu.com khng nh, cc sn chuyn nghip nh chodientu.com ch yu dnh cho loi hnh giao dch B2C (doanh nghip vi khch hng) v C2C (khch hng vi khch hng), ch cn ng k v rao bn hng ha, sn phm thm ch l thng tin tuyn dng (hin min ph) chc chn c hi thnh cng c nhn ln gp bi so vi vic chy n chy o i tm ngi cn mua, cn bn. Khai thc th no? Tuy nhin, cu hi lm th no khai thc c ht tim nng ca ngun ti nguyn ny mi tht s au u. Ph v trng V Thng mi in t cho bit, hin v ang tin hnh 2 chng trnh l iu tra hin trng ng dng thng mi in t trong doanh nghip, trc mt l phc v cho vic son tho Bo co thng mi in t 2005; chng trnh th 2 l tin hnh xp hng cc website thng mi in t hin c. y l nhng vic lm thc s cn thit nhm to mt n by cho nhn thc v thng mi in t ca doanh nghip v ngi dn. Bi l hin ngi tiu dng tht kh bit c website no uy tn, trung thc v ng tin cy. Song, mt kh khn cn phi tha nhn l V Thng mi in t t lm nhng vic ny nn cha th chnh xc, din cha rng, cha v phng php cng cha thc s chuyn nghip, kinh nghim x l cha nhiu. Cng theo ng Hi, ci kh l hin nay nhn thc v thng mi in t ca doanh nghip cn hn ch, n c l cc doanh nghip lp website ch nh mt th trang sc, vi thng thm ch c nm tri m giao din trang ch vn nguyn si, khng c thng tin g mi trong khi thng tin v chnh sch, hot ng sn xut, kinh doanh, th trng trong nc v quc t lin tc cp nht, chi ph cho website cng chang ng bao nhiu. Tr ngi tip theo chnh l thi quen giao dch trc tip v thanh ton bng tin mt ca a s doanh nghip v ngi tiu dng. T , h t khi ngh n vic tm kim thng tin v giao dch, mua bn, thanh ton qua internet. Tr ngi th ba, theo ng Hi l v chnh sch, th tc hnh chnh. n c l vic lp website phi c c giy php ca B Vn ha Thng tin. Mt ngy c hng chc doanh nghip lp website trong khi thi gian ch php kh lu nn d xy ra vic khng xin php (v thc t hin a phn cc website khng php). Tt nhin, sau giy php l yu cu v an ton thng tin v vi phm lut php, sai lch v vn ha t tng. Song thc t hng trm website mi c vi ci vi phm, nu v 1- 2 ci m lm chm cho tt c doanh

nghip th qa lng ph. Thm ch cng thng mi in t http://www.ecvn.gov.vn/ ca B Thng mi cng phi xin php rt lu. Theo cc chuyn gia, mc d hin trng v khai thc thng mi in t nc ta cn nhiu hn ch, song vic pht trin v khai thc n dng nh l mt con ng tt yu. Bi l trong k nguyn ton cu ha, khi khoa hc k thut, c bit l cng ngh thng tin pht trin chng mt, lin tc cp nht cng ngh mi, khi dng thng tin tri qua internet khng ch mt ai th nu khng theo kp v tn dng c n th mi doanh nghip, c nhn s b y vo gung my o thi. T , h ho ch l chuyn l thuyt, cn nhng bi hc nhn tin nh nhng tht bi khi qun mt trong tay mnh c thng mi in t hay l nhng thnh cng thc t t cc doanh nghip bit tn dng kh nng ca thng mi in t nh x Qunh Lng, cng ty C phn Dc Hu Giang k trn, c l khng ai c th tip tc ng ngoi cuc. Cng vi nhng chnh sch ang c c gng hon thin, thit ngh gi tr do thng mi in t mang li s khng m m nh hm nay. Theo thi bo kinh t Vit Nam.

Ngi bn hng tt nht: WebsiteMi ngi u ng rng trang web l mt trong nhng cng c bn hng xut sc nht m mt doanh nghip c th c. Song t c ai khng nh trang web nh mt nhn vin bn hng xut sc. Nm bt iu ny v cc doanh nghip s thy c nhiu kt qu khc bit vi cng vic kinh doanh ca mnh. Nu nhn nhn trang web ca mnh nh mt nhn vin bn hng, doanh nghip s bt u ngh v n vi nhiu yu t khc bit hn l mt cng c nh bng sn phm, dch v n thun. Doanh nghip bn thm ch mun trang web c thit k tt hn, khng khc g mong mun c c nhng nhn vin bn hng hnh thc b ngoi li cun cho doanh nghip. Vic chuyn trang web ca doanh nghip thnh mt nhn vin bn hng s cn s dng nhng c im trc tuyn. gip thc hin nhim v ny, hng t vn qung co Local Na8ion t ra bn cu hi: 1. Trang web ca doanh nghip c bit mi th v hot ng kinh doanh ca mnh nh mt nhn vin thc th? 2. Doanh nghip c nh gi thnh cng ca trang web (hng ngy, hng tun, hng qu, hng thng hay thng nin)?

3. Doanh nghip c "o to" trang web ca mnh v nhng vn kinh doanh c bn, nhng xu hng mi hay nhng thay i kinh t trong th trng hoc mi trng kinh doanh quc gia cho ngnh cng nghip ca doanh nghip? 4. Trang web ca doanh nghip c tt c cc sn phm, dch v hin hnh cng nh cc yu t gi c? Doanh nghip bn s khng bao gi gi mt nhn vin bn hng ti tip xc mt khch hng trin vng nn khng chc chn rng nhn vin c tt c cc thng tin cn thit. V vy, mt trang web khi c mong i l mt nhn vin khch hng cng cn c y cc thng tin cn thit. V d, nu doanh nghip ang bn dng sn phm ti xch tay v khn qung c ph n, nhn vin bn hng s cn miu t c cho khch hng v loi vi mt bn s cn miu t c cht lng vi v cho khch hng thy ti xch t tt c cc gc , ni r loi no git c bng my, loi no th khng. Quy trnh tng t cn c p dng vo trang web ca doanh nghip. Cc nhn vin bn hng cng t o to h v cc khch hng, h dnh nhiu thi gian lng nghe cc nhu cu v mi quan tm ca khch hng trc khi bn sn phm hay dch v. T , trang web ca doanh nghip cn c tnh nng thu thp kin, mi quan tm ca khch hng vi nhng nhim v tng t. Trong khi xy dng trang web ca mnh, cc doanh nghip hy quan tm ti suy ngh ca khch hng. Chun b sn sng cho vic cp nhp trang web ca doanh nghip vi mi thay i, b sung cho ph hp tng i tng khch hng. V d, nu khch hng ca doanh nghip l nhng ngi ln tui, chc hn khng thch hp vi ni dung c th hin trong phng ch nh (rt kh ngi ln tui c th c) v cch b tr phc tp (nhng g m ngi tr c th thch th). Trong cun sch "10 iu phi c vi mt website", ch hng t vn web trc tuyn of Smallbiztechnology.com, Ramon Ray cho rng mt trang web cn phi c thit k thch hp vi c im kinh doanh nhm gip doanh nghip bn m bo rng "nhn vin bn hng" quan trng nht ny ca bn c cc k nng li cun c khch hng mua sn phm, dch v. Theo cch tng t, doanh nghip s mong i cc nhn vin bn hng ca mnh c c nhng k nng mi v cc cng ty bn hng mi t nm ny qua nm khc. Nhng mong i ny cn ng vi trang web ca doanh nghip na. Cc nhn vin bn hng trong thp nin 80 ca th k trc c th phi mang cch ti ng nhng mu sn phm khi tip xc khch hng, cn ngy nay h s mang theo chic laptop v cung cp cho cc khch hng a DVD cha y hnh nh cc sn phm mu. y l li th ca trang web khi khch hng c thy ngay c hnh nh ca nhng sn phm mu. iu quan trng l doanh nghip cn ch tnh a dng v mt hnh nh ca nhng sn phm ny trn trang web. Doanh nghip bn thm ch c th quan tm ti b sung mt avatar (hnh nh i din mang dng ngi) vo trang web tng thm "yu t con ngi". Avatar c th cho mng khch hng, hi cc cu hi v

hng khch hng ti nhng ni ca trang web m h c th quan tm ti. SitePal l mt trang web chuyn cung cp cng ngh kiu ny. Vic p dng cho trang web nhiu cng ngh thng minh gip "nhn vin bn hng" ny bit c khi no khch hng vo trang web v nhng ni no h gh thm hon ton c th em li nhng li ch r . Trang Genius.com cung cp cc b cng c bn hng thng minh b sung cho trang web ca doanh nghip. Bn cnh , doanh nghip bn khng th b qua nhng phng thc giao tip ti khch hng, bo m cc khch hng c th giao tip vi doanh nghip cng nh giao tip vi cc khch hng khc. y chnh l c tnh quan trng ca Web 2.0. V mt blog l cch thc tt nht bt u vic ny. Nhng ni nh Word Press, Movable Type, Type Pad v Blogger l cc la chn khi ng hot ng tip th v bn hng qua mt blog. Hy nh rng, trang web hon ton c th l mt trong nhng ti sn bn hng tt nht m cc doanh nghip c c, nu khng mun ni l tt nht. Khi c nui dng v chm sc cn thn, trang web s gip thc y doanh s bn hng v tng trng kinh doanh, khng km phn mt nhn vin bn hng ti nng. Herms (theo BWPortal/ Entrepreneur)

Pht trin e-commerce vn dng b niTheo V Thng mi in t (B Thng mi), thng mi in t ca Vit Nam c nhng bc pht trin kh mnh m nhng vn ang dng b ni. Nguyn nhn ch yu l do h tng cho thng mi in t cn thp, nhn thc ca ngi tham gia cha y v cc chun trao i cho loi hnh ny ang cn nhiu bt cp. Chiu qua (27/2), V Thng mi in t va cho cng b bn bo co thng mi in t nm 2005, trong nhn mnh n nhng bc pht trin kh mnh m vi nhiu loi hnh phong ph. c bit, s khi sc c th hin vic mt s loi hnh h tr thng mi in t t pha cc c quan Nh nc nh khai hi quan in t, tra cu thng tin dt may trc tuyn v cc website thng mi in t (ECVN), trang u thu mua sm cng ca B K hoch v u t Mt cn i v loi hnh Ngoi cc hot ng h tr thng mi in t t pha cc c quan qun l Nh nc k trn, vi hng lot cc loi hnh thng mi in t khc ra i v pht trin nhanh nh cc sn giao dch trc tuyn, games online, h thng trang web ca cng ng doanh nghip, c th khng nh mt bc pht trin mi ca thng mi in t Vit Nam. Tuy nhin, theo ng Nguyn Thanh Hng - V trng V Thng mi in t, c cu pht trin gia cc loi hnh thng mi in t c s thiu cn i.

C th, nu nh mc trung bnh trn th gii i vi loi hnh giao dch B2B (doanh nghip doanh nghip) v B2C (doanh nghip khch hng) chim t trng 90%, cn li cc loi hnh khc ch chim con s 10% th Vit Nam ang c chiu hng ngc li. Thc cht xu hng ny bt u th hin ngay t khi mt s loi hnh thng mi in t u tin ra i. ng Hng cho rng, xt v b mt th s lng giao dch B2C v C2C (ngi tiu dng ngi tiu dng) vt tri hn hn song xt v chiu su v tnh hiu qu th giao dch B2B phi chim t trng ln hn. Bi l, mc d s lng cc giao dch ca loi hnh ny thp hn nhng sc nng v ti chnh, lng hng ha trao i li ln hn rt nhiu ln. C th chng minh nhn nh ny bng hnh nh: Vi 100 giao dch thnh cng trn mt trang web mua bn trc tuyn bt k ca ngi tiu dng, gi tr hng ha c trao i cng ch c th t mc trn di 100 triu ng. Trong khi , ch cn mt giao dch thnh cng gia 2 doanh nghip, gi tr hng ha c th vt ln con s , thm ch cao gp nhiu ln. T c th nhn thy, s mt cn i v loi hnh giao dch cng th hin kh r s pht trin chm v cht ca thng mi in t. l cn cha k mt loi hnh khc t ai quan tm n l giao dch G2B (Nh nc doanh nghip) vt tri hn trong thi gian qua vi vic khai bo hi quan in t, cng thng mi in t quc gia ECVN.gov.vn hay trang u thu mua sm cng. Trong khi , l ra loi hnh ny ch l mt trong s tt c cc loi hnh chim vn vn 10% t trng ca mc trung bnh trn th gii. n by cha c tc dng S mt cn i trn cho thy mt thc trng ng tht vng l trong khi s lng doanh nghip thnh lp website ring ca mnh kh ng o th lc lng chnh ny li khng pht huy c my tc dng. Tm l lp website lm trang sc cn kh ph bin v rt t doanh nghip tn dng c cc hnh thc trao i, giao dch qua email, gii thiu v ng k thng tin trn mng Internet, cha k n vic mua bn trc tuyn t c ngh n do cn gp mt s bt cp v chun giao dch v thanh ton. C th dn ra y mt v d v vn cp nht thng tin trn website ca doanh nghip: Trong s 504 doanh nghip c iu tra (ch yu a bn cc thnh ph, th x) th c 46,2% doanh nghip cho bit lp website, l mt con s rt ng mng. Tuy nhin, nhn vo tn sut cp nht thng tin li thy mt thc trng ng bun. Trong khi 28,76% s doanh nghip cp nht thng tin hng ngy (ch yu l cc doanh nghip xut khu, ngn hng), 17,6% cp nht hng tun v 13,73% cp nht hng thng th c n 39,91% doanh nghip thnh thong mi cp nht thng tin. Ph v trng V Thng mi in t Trn Thanh Hi cho rng, s d thng mi in t Vit Nam cha pht trin c theo chiu su m mt s yu km k trn l r nt nht xut pht t mt thc t l h tng cn rt thp. C th l h thng ng truyn cha ng b, kh thanh ton qua mng, an ninh mng v bo mt thng tin cn yu v h thng trao i d liu in t (EDI) cng cha hon thin, cha k n vn nhn thc v thng mi in t ca doanh nghip v ngi dn cn cha y trong khi c coi l chic n by ca thng mi in t. Theo ng Nguyn Thanh Hng, mc d hin ti hnh lang php l cho thng mi in t c bn hon thnh vi vic ra i Lut Giao dch in t c hiu lc k t ngy mai (1/3) v Ngh nh quy nh chi tit cho lut ny cng ang c hon thnh song khi n by cho loi hnh thng mi ny cha pht huy tc dng th rt kh pht trin mnh v hiu qu theo chiu su.

Theo thi bo kinh t Vit Nam.

Thng mi in t v bc tng tm lThng mi in t ang c xc nh l mt trong nhng gii php ti u doanh nghip tit gim chi ph, tinh gn hot ng sn xut, m rng hp tc kinh doanh, c bit trong bi cnh khng hong, kh khn hin nay. D vy, theo bo co thng mi in t Vit Nam 2008, va c Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin (B Cng Thng) cng b hm 14/4/2009, mc u t cho cng ngh thng tin v thng mi in t ca cc doanh nghip c nhng tn hiu ng mng, nhng tn hiu ny vn cn le li, bi "bc tng tm l! Tn hiu mng Kt qu t 1.683 doanh nghip c iu tra ca Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin, trong nm 2008, c 48% doanh nghip u t di 5% tng chi ph hot ng cho cng ngh thng tin v thng mi in t, 38% c t l u t t 5- 15% v 13% doanh nghip l trn 15%. Theo Cc, im sng nht v ng dng thng mi in t ca doanh nghip trong nm qua l t l u t cho phn mm tng trng nhanh, chim 46% tng u t cho cng ngh thng tin, tng gp hai ln so vi nm 2007; trong khi phn cng cng gim t 55,5% xung cn 39%. Chnh s dch chuyn trong c cu u t cho thy doanh nghip bt u ch trng ti cc phn mm ng dng trin khai thng mi in t. C th, theo thng k iu tra ca Cc, ngy cng c nhiu doanh nghip Vit Nam m cc knh t hng qua phng tin in t, ng thi doanh thu ca doanh nghip t thng mi in t cng ang c xu hng gia tng u qua cc nm. Trong nm 2008 c 25,7% doanh nghip c t trng doanh thu t thng mi in t l 5% tng doanh thu, 38,7% l t 5 15% v 35,6% chim t trng trn 15%, th so snh vi cc nm trc , doanh thu t thng mi chim t trng t 5 -15% ca doanh nghip u tng cao hn v gim t l doanh thu thp, di 5%.

Ngy cng c nhiu doanh nghip Vit Nam m cc knh t hng qua phng tin in t, ng thi doanh thu ca doanh nghip t thng mi in t cng ang c xu hng gia tng u qua cc nm.

ng Trn Hu Linh, Ph cc trng Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin cho rng, kt qu trn l do nhiu doanh nghip tng bc nhn thc r v tm quan trng ca thng mi in t i vi hot ng sn xut kinh doanh v t nhiu bt tay vo ng dng. Nhng doanh nghip ny u c th ci thin ng dng v tng doanh thu t thng mi in t trong thi gian ti, ng Linh nhn nh.

Chm bc tng tm l Tuy nhin, ngay c khi c nhng tn hiu ng mng trn th thc t cng mi ch vn vn c 3,5% trong tng s doanh nghip trn c nc p dng phng thc thanh ton trc tuyn. ng Trn Hu Linh cho rng, t l ny l rt thp so vi mt bng chung ca th gii v yu cu thanh ton trong thng mi in t. Nguyn Th trng B Thng mi, ng Lng Vn T phn tch, Vit Nam, ngi mua v ngi bn thc hin theo hnh thc tin trao, cho mc v tm l s tn tay, nn ngi tiu dng lo ngi mua phi sn phm khng dng c hoc cht lng khng t nh mong mun. Chnh tm l tiu dng ny thnh bc tng cn tr ln nht i vi pht trin thng mi in t Vit Nam", ng ni. B Nguyn T Anh, Tng gim c Cng ty C phn Dch v th Smartlink cn cho rng, ngoi thi quen tm l, mt nguyn nhn na l do Vit Nam cha c doanh nghip hay ngn hng no ng ra bo lnh v t cch ti chnh ca ngi bn hng v ngi mua, phng nga ri ro trong giao dch thng mi in t. Tuy nhin, khng t cc doanh nghip phn nh, mt trong nhng tr ngi ln pht trin thng mi in t l vn m bo an ninh, an ton trong giao dch in t, nht l v d liu thng tin ngi tiu dng, v cn thiu nhng quy nh, ch ti c th bo v thng tin c nhn trn mi trng mng. Theo b T Anh, yu t ch o v ct yu l nh sn xut phi bn ra nhng hng ha t tiu chun, cht lng, m bo nhng tin nghi nht cho ngi mua c trc v sau bn hng, nh th mi gy dng v gi c uy tn. thc y thng mi in t l phi thay i tm l tiu dng, m yu t s mt l m bo cht lng sn phm v dch v bn hng ca doanh nghip, ng T ni. ng thi, theo ng, Nh nc cng cn sm c b chng t in t m bo tnh minh bch trong kinh doanh qua thng mi in t. Ti mt bui ta m v ng dng cng ngh thng tin vo kinh doanh mi y, ng V Tin Lc, Ch tch Phng Thng mi v Cng nghip Vit Nam (VCCI) nhn nhn, trong kh khn v u ra, chi ph sn xut tng cao v phi ct gim nhn lc nn vic ng dng y mnh pht trin thng mi in t s l mt gii php, nhu cu cp thit cho doanh nghip. Theo ng, cc nh sn xut, doanh nghip nn coi bn hng, giao dch thng mi qua mng nh mt mng phn phi mi ca doanh nghip. V qua hnh thc kinh doanh trc tuyn doanh nghip s d dng tip cn vi khch hng hay m rng mi lm n, hp tc vi cc i tc nc ngoi, ng thi s tit gim c rt nhiu chi ph, nh thu mt bng, nhn cng v cc chi ph khc. Theo VnEconomy

Thng mi in t vi cha kho chng thc s

Hin nay, mt s n v doanh nghip v ngn hng ti Vit Nam bt u ch ti cc hnh thc thanh ton in t qua Internet, v s dng cc cng c xc thc nh ch k s nh mt bin php tin li, an ton, gim chi ph v th tc giao dch. Tuy nhin, do cha nm r v chng thc s v cc khi nim v thanh ton trc tuyn, nhiu doanh nghip, t chc, vn t ra thn trng v cha trin khai cc hnh thc chng thc s v thanh ton trc tuyn. Nht l khi hin ti, Vit Nam cha c lut thng mi in t, v cng ang c rt nhiu tranh lun quanh vn Ch k in t trong Lut Giao dch in t. gip cc doanh nghip, t chc trong nc c thm thng tin v vn ny,Vietnamnet xin c gii thiu mt s khi nim v ch k in t v vai tr ca n trong thng mi in t. Khi qut v ch k in t Ch k in t l thut ng ch mi phng thc khc nhau mt c nhn, n v c th "k tn" vo mt d liu in t, th hin s chp thun v xc nhn tnh nguyn bn ca ni dung d liu . Ch k in t rt a dng, c th l mt tn hoc hnh nh c nhn km theo d liu in t, mt m kho b mt, hay mt d liu sinh trc hc (chng hn nh hnh nh mt, du vn tay, hnh nh mng mt...) c kh nng xc thc ngi gi. Trong giao dch in t hin nay trn th gii, ch k s l hnh thc ch k in t ph dng nht. Ch k s bao gm mt cp m kho, gm kho b mt v kho cng khai. Trong , kho b mt c ngi gi s dng k (hay m ho) mt d liu in t, cn kho cng khai c ngi nhn s dng m d liu in t v xc thc danh tnh ngi gi. Khi nim ch k s, hay cc phng thc xc thc danh tnh ni chung, c thc hin trong cc giao dch in t c gi chung l khi nim chng thc s (Digital Certificate). Chng thc s bao hm c hnh thc xc thc ca mt c nhn nh ch k, xc thc ca t chc nh cc website (l tht, khng phi gi mo), dch v thng mi in t, k c chng thc tnh nguyn bn ca cc phn mm. ng dng ca chng thc s Mt e-mail c th c k bng ch k in t, m bo ngi nhn c th chc chn rng ng l e-mail ca ngi gi, ch khng phi e-mail gi mo. lm c iu ny, ngi gi v ngi nhn s phi s dng cng mt h thng chng thc s, do Trong thc t, hnh cc chng thc s c s dng nhiu nht trong cc giao dch thng mi in t, c bit trong cc hot ng thanh ton trc tuyn ca ngn hng. Mt website dch v ngn hng c th khng nh v tnh xc thc ca mnh vi nhng ngi truy cp vo bng cch s dng mt hnh thc chng thc s, m bo website khng phi l gi mo. Ngi s dng, ngoi hnh thc bo mt thng thng nh mt khu, cng phi dng mt chng thc s c nhn khng nh danh tnh ca mnh, xc nhn cc hot ng giao dch ca mnh vi dch v ngn hng. Chng thc s s gip ngn hng m bo cc khch hng khng th chi ci cc giao dch ca mnh, khi h dng chng thc s. Cc hot ng lin ngn hng (nh chuyn khon, thanh ton..) trong giao dch in t cng u phi s dng chng thc s xc nh r danh tnh ca mi bn, khng nh trch nhim v cc hot ng ca tng bn trong giao dch. y l quy trnh bo mt quan trng, cng nh c s v mt php l cn c khi thc hin cc hot ng giao dch trc tuyn.

Khng ch nm trong lnh vc thng mi in t, chng thc s hin cn c s dng nh mt dng chng minh th c nhn. Ti cc nc cng ngh pht trin, chng thc s CA c tch hp vo cc chip nh nm trong th cn cc, th tn dng tng cng kh nng bo mt, chng gi mo, cho php ch th xc thc danh tnh ca mnh trn nhiu h thng khc nhau, chng hn nh xe bus, th rt tin ATM, kim sot hi quan, ra vo chung c .v.v. Gi tr php l Trong cc hot ng thng mi in t trn th gii, chng thc s Vi cc c im ni bt nh khng th gi mo, chng thc ngun gc xut x, cc quc gia pht trin u s dng chng thc s nh mt bng chng php l t rt sm. y l yu t rt quan trng c th pht trin thng mi in t, v khng ai dm mo him vi tin ca mnh, khi h cha chc chn c rng cc hot ng c c m bo, v c c php lut cng nhn hay khng. Hin ti, Vit Nam cng ang gp rt xy dng Php lnh Thng mi in t (do B Thng mi ch tr), Ngh nh ca Chnh ph v qun l, cung cp v s dng dch v chng thc in t (B Bu chnh - Vin thng ch tr), Ngh nh ca Chnh ph quy nh vic nghin cu, sn xut v s dng mt m khng thuc phm vi b mt Nh nc (Ban C yu Chnh ph ch tr). Tuy nhin, qu trnh xy dng cn cha theo kp nhu cu pht trin v ng dng, gy ra nhiu kh khn trong qu trnh trin khai thng mi in t. So vi cc nc v vng lnh th khc ti chu , hin Vit Nam cn ang kh chm tr trong xy dng dng c s php l v giao dch in t. Malaysia ban hnh Lut Ch k S vo nm 1997, Singapore ban hnh Lut Giao dch in t vo nm 1998, Hn Quc c Lut Ch k in t vo nm 1999 v sa i vo nm 2001, Hong Kong c Sc lnh v Giao dch in t vo nm 2000. Thi Lan v Nht Bn cng c cc vn bn lut lin quan n giao dch in t vo nm 2001. c s dng lm cn c xc nh tnh hp php, ging nh cc hnh thc xc thc truyn thng l ch k v con du hin nay. Khi c tranh chp v php l trong cc hot ng in t, chng thc s c gi tr bng chng v cn c tng t nh cc hnh thc xc thc c ny. mt Nh cung cp chng ch s (Certificate Authority, vit tt l CA) cung cp. Theo VietNamNet

Nhng mo nh my tnh - Thng mi in tLI KHUYN Hy cho php khch hng lin lc vi bn Lm cho cc thng tin lin lc i vi site ca bn a ch ph, a ch email v s in thoi c th c truy cp d dng thng qua lin kt Lin h. Thc hin nh vy s to s t tin trong cc khch hng hin ti v tng lai. M rng gii thiu v sn phm Cung cp cho cc khch hng nhiu thng tin v cc tnh nng, kh nng v cc hn ch ca sn phm, cc cu hnh khc nhau v so snh chng vi cc sn phm khc nh th no. Bo m bo mt cho phin lin lc Phng php lin lc trc tuyn an ton nht l thng qua th tn dng. Khi s dng mt th tn dng, bn c th khng tha nhn v t chi s tin phi tr trong trng hp nghi ng vi nh bn hng nh vo cc c quan php l c thm quyn.

In ra ha n Hy in ra copy bn giy cc ha n m bn t. Hu ht cc hng u s gi mt email xc nhn, thng vi mt lin kt cho vic kim tra bu kin, nhng cc email c th b mt hoc xa. Chnh v vy vic in ra mt bn copy vt l cc ha n ny c th bo m cho bn ch phi tr cho nhng g xng ng. Xem cc khch hng ni g Trc khi t hng ti mt Web site khng l, bn hy tm kim v tn site hay tn cng ty xem cc khch hng ni nhng g. Cch khc bn c th kim tra trn Better Business Bureau (www.bbb.org) bit c khch hng bnh xt cng nh phn nn nh th no, hy lu xem cng ty c gii quyt c cc vn . Bo m cung cp hp php HNG DN Nghin cu k cc mu xu c th Hy lun ngh rng bn c th b tn cng trong mt mu xu. National Fraud Information Center (www.fraud.com), mt chng trnh ca lin minh khch hng quc gia, s cung cp cc thng tin v cc mu trc tuyn v tip th t xa, gip bn pht hin ra nhng g bt hp php, cho php bn a ra cc phn nn trc tuyn. Nhng bc nh xinh xn Vic thm vo nhiu nh ca sn phm s lm cho site ca bn quyn r hn. Trc ht, hy nh mt ngi chp nh c tay ngh chp chng. Sau s dng mt chng trnh nh Photoshop chng hn ti u ha kch thc, tng phn, sng v ti thiu ha kch thc ca file bng cch lu di dng file JPEG. Hy gi cc nh nh (nhng c lin kt m rng, hay cc phin bn c cht lng tt hn). M ha Mt website an ton phi c m ha SSL hoc m ha tng t nh vy. Cc trang yu cu m ha hoc hin th cc thng tin c nhn cn c URL bt u bng https://. Bn cng nn quan st biu tng kha (trong v tr b kha) gn thanh a ch hoc di cng ca trang. Gi lin lc vi khch hng Hy tp trung cc a ch email t cc khch hng mun ng k c c tin tc hay cc mail khc. Bn c th thc hin iu ny bng cch thm mt biu mu vo site ca mnh hoc cung cp mt lin kt n mt trang ng k ring. To chnh sch ring t Site thng mi in t ca bn nn c mt chnh sch ring t x l nhng g bn s v khng thc hin vi cc thng tin ca khch hng. Kim tra chnh sch ca cc Website m bn gh thm xem chng gm nhng g. Nu cn n s gip , bn c th vo a ch ca hip hi Marketing trc tip (www.the-dma.org/privacy/creating) c cung cp mt chnh sch ring t. Khuyn co cc sn phm Cung cp mt danh sch cc sn phm c khuyn khch v nhng th m cc khch hng khc cng mua theo mi mc. Bn c th thc hin n trong c s d liu ca mnh bng cch kt ni n cc sn phm da trn s mua bn thc ca khch hng. C cho l mt tha thun m bt k mt website thanh ton in t no a ra l ng. Bn vn phi gi in cho nh cung cp theo website v hi bt k cu hi no c th. Nu khng c s in thoi hoc a ch thc trn website th y c th l mt du hiu cho s thiu hp php. Theo PC Mag

Thng mi in t: Cc i gia gim p ln nhauNhng ngi chi th ang gim chn ln nhau, xu hng c ln nut c b ang tr thnh ch o, cn c hi th vn nh c nc chim tri - l thc trng chung ca thng mi in t hin nay. Sau gn 15 nm k t khi xut hin thng mi in t, vic nhn nhn v nh gi li nhng tc ng v hng ca chng l iu cn thit thy c nhng tn tui trong lnh vc ny tin xa ti mc no. Thc t tht ng bun khi bit rng nhng hng tin phong ang gim chn ln nhau, hot ng chng cho v khng t c hiu qu nh mong mun. Chng hn nh Amazon v ang tin dn vo lnh vc hot ng vn mang tnh truyn thng ca Netflix; v i vi eBay cng vy. Chc chn nhng cu chuyn kiu ny cn lu mi kt thc, v ngi ta ng rng mt ngy no Amazon c th s nut c Netflix. Cui tun trc, c Amazon, eBay v Netflix u cng b doanh thu qu u nm 2009. Tt c u h hi khi ni rng doanh thu ca h tt hn mong i. Trong c 3 trng hp ny th Amazon l ng ni rt. L mt m hnh ch yu thin v bn l, ng thi phi i mt vi nhiu th thch, nhng doanh thu qu u nm 2009 ca Amazon vn kh sun s, nht l trong bi cnh kinh t gp nhiu kh khn nh hin nay. Amazon Doanh thu qu u nm 2009 ca Amazon tng kh n tng, t mc 18% (4,89 t USD). Doanh thu trn mi c phiu tng 17%, t 41 cent tng gn 10 cent so vi mc 34 cent mt nm trc y. Doanh thu ca Amazon thm ch cn cao hn mc d on 4,75 t USD (31 cent/c phiu) ca gii phn tch. V nh vy k vng ca gii u t vn c p ng mc cho nhng kh khn kinh t lm cho khng t cc hng kinh doanh chn bc. Amazon vn tip tc gi thi m ni che tai khi c hi v doanh s bn ra sn phm Kindle, m ch ni rng doanh s cao hn mc k vng ca hng ny. Tun trc, Amazon cng cng b k hoch mua li Lexcycle hng ng sau thng hiu Stanza, mt ng dng e-book min ph thng dng dnh cho iPhone. Rt c th, Amazon cn thn tnh c BlueNile, mt hng kinh doanh trang sc kim cng c tr s ti Seattle, M. Theo comScore, Amazone c 60 triu khch gh thm trang mua sm trc tuyn ca hng ny, cao hn 15% so vi mt nm trc y. Trong khi eBay c 70 triu khch, gim hn 10% so vi mc 80,1 triu khch mt nm trc y. Nhn vo s liu ny c th thy rng tng lai Amazon s qua mt eBay tr thnh trang thng mi in t ln nht th gii. eBay Trong khi , hiu qu kinh doanh ca eBay xem chng km hn Amazon. Doanh thu qu u nm 2009 ca eBay ch t 2 t USD, cao hn cht xu so vi mc d on 1,9 t USD ca gii Wall Street, nhng li gim 8% so vi cng k nm ngoi. Doanh thu trn c phiu ca hng ny ch t 39 cent/c phiu cng cao hn mc d on 34 cent/c phiu ca Wall Street, nhng li thp hn 7% so vi cng k nm ngoi.

Doanh thu t b phn kinh doanh u gi chnh ca eBay gim 18% xung cn 1,2 t USD, ch yu do lng giao dch tng th trn dch v ny gim 20% trong qu u nm nay, m nguyn nhn khng ai khc chnh l khng hong kinh t. Mc gim ny vn tip din mc d eBay thi hnh nhiu chnh sch u tin v khuyn mi, chng hn nh giao hng min ph i vi gn 30% mt hng by bn trn website ny. PayPal, Skype v Netflix Tri vi eBay, tnh hnh kinh doanh ca PayPal li sng sa hn. S ngi dng ng k dch v tng 22%, t 184 triu ngi. Hin c mt s site thng mi in t th ba s dng PayPal, chng hn nh Sears, v chc chn thi gian ti PayPal s vn b ch trong lnh vc ny. Cng ging PayPal, Skype hot ng kh tt. Doanh thu qu u nm nay tng 6% t 150 triu USD, v s ngi dng tng ln 37,9 triu ngi. Tuy nhin, eBay ang sp tch Skype ra khi b phn kinh doanh ca mnh. Mc d vic lm ny c th s mt thi gian nhng gii phn tch cho rng vic chia tch ny s tt cho c hai. eBay cng c cho l ang c gng o thi cng ty con StumbleUpon m hng ny mua trc y. StumbleUpon c nhn nhn nh mt sai lm ging nh Skype. Tuy nhin, hin vn cn cha r vic khai t StumbleUpon c r rng nh v Skype hay khng. Trong qu va qua s ngi dng dch v Netflix tng gn 10% (10,3 triu ngi) so vi qu trc. y l mc tng ln nht trong lch s Netflix. Hng ny tuyn b s tip tc u t vo lnh vc sn xut in t tiu dng, v hy vng s thit lp cc mi quan h khng kht trong lnh vc ny vo vi nm ti. Tuy nhin, Netflixang phi i mt vi s cnh tranh gay gt ca cc kit cho thu DVD m Redbox iu hnh. Nhng kit ny ta la trn cc v tr bun bn sm ut, v Redbox ch thu ph duy nht 1USD cho mi ln thu phim. Netflix thc c mi e da ny v thng thn tha nhn rng nu hng khng c ng thi quyt lit no th nhng h thng kit thu phim ca Redbox s trn lan trong vng 3 nm ti. Theo VnMedia

Pht trin thng mi in t: Mt cy lm chng nn non...Khi bn v vic thc y pht trin thng mi in t (TMT), ngi ta thng nhc n khung php l, k thut, dung lng ng truyn. Nhng mi ch l nhng iu kin cn. Theo TS. L ng Doanh, chuyn gia kinh t cao cp ca b K Hoch - u T, nu doanh nghip (DN) khng i mi t duy, hnh ng th khng th vn dng TMT. Ti hi tho TMT - VEBIZ 07, ng L ng Doanh nhn nh Him c dp no bn v TMT li thch hp nh thi gian ny. Vit Nam (VN) va tr thnh thnh vin th 150 ca T Chc Thng Mi Th Gii (WTO). Cc DN VN (khong 250.000) s c c hi tip cn vi th trng th gii cng nh chng kin s thay i nhanh chng ca mi trng kinh doanh trong nc. Chnh Ph (CP) VN cam kt vi WTO v vic ci thin mi trng kinh doanh, gim thu, b bo h; a ra cc quy nh v cng khai, minh bch; gii quyt tranh chp theo quy nh ca WTO. Nhng DN khng nng ng, hoc lu nay sng nh s bo h, u i ca Nh Nc s kh cnh tranh sng phng vi cc cng ty a quc gia, tp on ln trn th gii. S cnh tranh khng ch din ra trn th trng th gii m cn ngay sn nh (tng l ni an ton do chnh sch bo h).

Trong hon cnh , TMT v chnh ph in t (CPT) tr thnh yu cu bc bch cc DN gim chi ph, tit kim thi gian, tng hiu qu kinh doanh v kh nng cnh tranh. Tuy nhin, TMT khng ch lin quan n cc vn k thut. Theo TS Doanh, cn lu nhng yu t sau: Khng th mt mnh mt ch TMT VN hin nay mi mc s khai, ch yu gii thiu DN, gi, nhn thng tin, cn khu quan trng l thanh ton trc tuyn th cha ph bin. C mt s dch v khc c cung cp qua Internet, nh may o di, qun jean theo s o ca khch, nhng ch c t DN thc hin c. Nhn chung, thnh cng trong TMT ca mt DN ph thuc nhiu vo s n lc ca t thn DN . Tuy nhin, nhng c gng n l thng khng mang li nhiu hiu qu. Trn thc t, DN trong nc ph thuc rt nhiu vo nh cung ng (vn ch yu l cc c s sn xut nh, l, thm ch l cc h gia nh sn xut nh). V d mt nh hng H Ni phi t thc phm t cc h gia nh. Nh hng c th c website, c kh nng giao dch in t, nhng cc h gia nh ch c th gi in thoi v giao dch trc tip m thi. V vy, quan h trong TMT c thng ng bn git, cn c s n lc u t t nhiu pha. DN cn khuyn khch, thc y cc DN cung ng u vo, cc nh cung cp dch v tr gip (nguyn vt liu, vn ti...) ng dng TMT. Hin nay, s website cho php t hng v thanh ton trc tuyn ch chim 3,2%. iu c ngha l nhiu DN sn sng lm TMT nhng mi quan h vi khch hng, c bit l vi ngn hng cha c x l ph hp. pht trin TMT trong khi thiu cc iu kin nn tng thun li, cc DN Vit Nam cn n lc mt cch c h thng to c mi lin h hu c, cng c li gia nhng thnh phn tham gia TMT. Ci cch cc c quan nh nc CP VN cam kt s pht trin TMT, nhng vic ny thnh cng n u cn ph thuc vo tin trnh xy dng CPT, vo kh nng cc t chc ca CP p ng cc yu cu minh bch ca DN nh th no. Theo TS Doanh, sang nm mi nhng nhiu website ca c quan nh nc vn cn li chc Tt t nm trc ca ngi b trng. Nu c quan c lin quan n DN nh a chnh, cp php, thu quan, hi quan khng chu ci cch hnh chnh, khng coi trng giao dch qua mng m vn i hi DN phi n gp trc tip th TMT khng th pht trin. CPT phi y mnh vic cng khai, minh bch, gim giao dch trc tip, trnh sch nhiu... mi thc y c s pht trin ca TMT. Tin hc ha quy trnh kinh doanh i vi cc DN, vic tr li th in t mt cch ng tin cy rt quan trng, trong cn ch yu t thi gian. Tr li ngay trong 24 gi l yu cu rt bnh thng trong giao dch in t. Bn cnh , DN cn ci thin vic lu gi h s, chng t, thc hin cng khai minh bch khi tr li thc mc ca khch hng vi cc thng tin, chng t v cht lng hng ha, thng tin v kim dch... Mun vy, tt c cc quy trnh u phi c tin hc ha c th cung cp ngay lp tc khi i tc yu cu. Nu DN c vn dng giao dch in t nhng ton b t chc vn giao dch trn giy th s mt nhiu thi gian chuyn thng tin sang d liu in t. Ngoi ra, mun vn dng TMT, DN khng ch i mi t duy m cn phi thay i cch qun l theo hng hin i. Nu lung thng tin trong DN ph thuc vo qu nhiu u mi, ch DN kh lng a

ra quyt sch nhanh chng. pht trin TMT trong khi thiu cc iu kin nn tng thun li, cc DN Vit Nam cn n lc mt cch c h thng to c mi lin h hu c, cng c li gia nhng thnh phn tham gia TMT. Theo PC World VN

Doanh nghip nc ngoi lm le chia 'bnh' TMT Vit NamNhng cng ty nc ngoi thm nhp vo th trng VN kinh doanh thng mi in t u hoch nh nhiu k hoch v ch i thi im thch hp ginh th phn. Vi c trng 1/4 trong s hn 80 triu dn s dng Internet, trong s , t l ngi tiu dng tr kh cao, VN ang tr thnh tiu im hp dn nhiu nh cung cp dch v thng mi trc tuyn nc ngoi. Khi u cho ln sng vo VN l eBay, mt trong nhng mng mua bn hng trc tuyn ton cu ni ting t chn vo VN hi thng 6 nm ngoi qua vic lin kt vi website chodientu.com. S kin ny nh du bc ngot mi vic mua bn trc tuyn ti VN c th ni kt vi h thng quc t ca eBay. Bn cnh , ngi tiu dng trong nc trc y khng th mua hng qua knh thanh ton PayPal (cng ty cung cp dch v chuyn tin v thanh ton qua Internet chim th phn rt ln trn th gii), th nay c m bo qua trung gian Ch in t. Giao dch bn sn phm qua h thng ny ang c trin khai c th hot ng trong nm nay. Ngoi ra, cc i gia Yahoo, Google c nhng bc u thm nhp vo th trng VN bng vic cung cp mt lot dch v c bit ha dnh ring cho cng ng ni ting Vit. C th nh Yahoo mi y chnh thc ra mt Cng ty TNHH Yahoo VN, sau hn 2 nm m vn phng i din. Alibaba l mt trong nhng sn thng mi in t B2B (doanh nghip vi doanh nghip) hng du th gii la chn Vinalink l i tc chnh ti VN. Vinalink c quyn cung cp cc cng c Alibaba trn h thng website ca mnh. "VN c nhiu iu kin thun li pht trin thng mi in t", ng V Minh Tr, Gim c Yahoo VN, nhn nh. ng Tr phn tch, cc nc pht trin khc c sn h thng thanh ton in t nn pht trin kinh doanh rt thun li. Tuy nhin, loi hnh ny d b km hm bi s lng ngi s dng Internet vn dm chn ti ch qua nhiu nm. Tuy nhin, trc mt khi mun u t vo VN, cc nh cung cp dch v thanh ton trc tuyn nc ngoi thng chn xu hng lin kt vi mt i tc trong nc c nhiu thun li hn. "Cc doanh nghip nc ngoi s u t vo VN theo hng hp tc cng mt n v tim nng, bit r th trng", ng Nguyn Ha Bnh, i din eBay ti VN, khng nh. ng ny d bo s khng c nhiu cng ty nc ngoi "t thn" kinh doanh m hnh ny trong nc v s ri ro. Ngay c Yahoo, mc d thnh lp cng ty ti VN gn na nm qua, nhng ng Tr vn xc nh:

"Yahoo s tm kim mt i tc VN c sc ht nht to li nhun cho i bn v y l phng thc kinh doanh thch hp hin nay". Song song , cc doanh nghip nc ngoi cng cho rng, vic la chn sn phm no kinh doanh thng mi in t cng l mt nhn t rt quan trng. Bi vi mt t nc c nn "kinh t l ng" nh VN, ngi tiu dng c th mua cc mt hng bt c u khi ra ng, th vic giao nhn hng online khng th no cnh tranh c. Thng mi in t ngy cng tr nn si ng ti VN, tuy nhin theo gii kinh doanh, hnh lang php l vn cn l ro cn tuy c nhng bc tin mi. V d nh trc y cc cng ty nc ngoi ch c th m vn phng i din v khng c trc tip lm kinh t ti VN, th nay c th c cp php kinh doanh Internet. Song nhng quy phm php lut lin quan n thng mi in t hin vn cha y . in hnh nh quy nh v vic qun l, kim sot thu vi cc giao dch trn mng, bin gii gia cc dch v cung cp trong, ngoi nc mi trng online v c vic kim nh ni dung, uy tn cho mt doanh nghip kinh doanh trn Internet... ang gp vng mc. "iu ct yu thc y thng mi in t pht trin l thay i v nhn thc, con ngi ln chnh sch", ng Trn Hu Linh, Ph Cc trng Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin, B Cng thng, nhn nh. ng Linh cho rng thng mi in t ti VN vn ang i tng bc chm l do s hn ch v h tng php l, nhn thc ca ngi tiu dng vi doanh nghip trong thng mi in t hay thm ch cc khi nim ngnh vn cn kh xa l. Tnh hnh pht trin thng mi in t trong nc ang c nhiu du hiu ng mng. Theo "Bo co v thng mi in t VN nm 2008" ca B Cng thng qua kho st 1.600 doanh nghip trn c nc, 75% doanh nghip c t trng doanh thu t thng mi in t chim trn 5% tng doanh thu nm 2008. Hin c 49 trng o to v thng mi in t tuy ch mang tnh t pht v cha c s h tr t cc c quan qun l Nh nc lin quan. Hu nh cha trng no thit lp mi lin quan h vi nhng doanh nghip c nhu cu s dng ngun nhn lc thng mi in t do trng o to. K hoch pht trin tng th pht trin thng mi in t giai on 2006-2010 ca Chnh ph cng a ton b dch v cng ln mng. u tin c th k n l vic B Cng thng cung cp dch v cp chng nhn xut x in t (eCoSys). n ht thng 12/2008, eCoSys c trin khai trn ton quc. Cc m hnh kinh doanh thng mi in t nh B2B (doanh nghip vi doanh nghip), B2C (doanh nghip vi khch hng) v C2C (khch hng vi khch hng) ang dn m rng nhiu doanh nghip, c lt truy cp cng nh gian hng gia tng ng k vo na cui nm 2008. Theo VnExpress

Lm sao kinh doanh c hiu qu trn Internet?Trang web rt quan trng i vi mt doanh nghip, nhng n quan trng n mc no v lm sao s dng trang web lm thay i mi trng kinh doanh ca doanh nghip?

Vit Nam, hu nh doanh nghip no cng c trang web. iu ny tuy nghe rt quen thuc v n gin, nhng c rt nhiu vn cn phi bn n, ng Trn Hu Linh, Ph cc trng Cc Thng mi in t v Cng ngh thng tin thuc B Cng Thng, m u bi thuyt trnh v mc quan trng ca trang web i vi doanh nghip nh vy. ng Linh cho rng, vic cp n hin trng cc trang web ca doanh nghip trong thi im hin nay, c bit l khi bi cnh nn kinh t t nc thay i nghim trng sau thi im thng 12/2008, l c l do. Con s v vn Bo co mi nht ca B Thng tin v Truyn thng ch ra rng, c khong 25% dn s Vit Nam, tc khong 20 triu ngi, s dng Internet. Con s ny c d bo s tng gp i ch trong vng bn nm ti. Khong 45% doanh nghip Vit Nam c trang web (khong 80.000 tn min .vn, theo s liu ca B Thng tin v Truyn thng). Ring v th trng bn l, c n 65% s ngi mua hng tm kim thng tin v mu m, thng s k thut, gi c ca sn phm qua Internet trc khi quyt nh mua hng. Trong s , c gn 30% ch yu l gii tr c quyt nh mua hng chu nh hng ca Internet. Cha ht, ng dng thng mi in t ti Vit Nam c xc nh vt qua mc khi u v hin mc th hai, tc l cc doanh nghip dng cc cng c tip th trc tuyn (e-marketing), thng qua cc trang web, e-mail, tham gia vo cc sn giao dch trn mng. Khong 90% doanh nghip thit lp vic nhn n t hng bng cc phng tin in t nh e-mail, fax, in thoi. C n 35% doanh nghip c doanh thu t thng mi in t v mc doanh thu ny chim t 15% tr ln trong tng doanh thu. Honda Vietnam rt thnh cng khi t chc trang web ca mnh vi ni dung phong ph, cho php khch hng bt k ni u cng c th xem kiu dng xe, gi c, danh sch i l Trong lc , nh qun l v cung cp v qua trang web, hng hng khng Jetstar Pacific cho bit c th sp xp bn v my bay vi gi r. Vietnam Airlines cng bt u trin khai hnh thc bn v qua mng, mang li s tin li cho khch hng. Tuy nhin, nhng con s lc quan ni trn khng kha lp c bc tranh kinh doanh u m do nh hng ca khng hong kinh t ton cu. ng Linh cho bit, doanh nghip Vit Nam ang phi i mt vi hai vn tri ngc nhau: ct gim chi ph n mc thp nht, nhng vn tip tc chi tiu qung b, tip th hng ha. Vy phng thc no c th h tr hot ng kinh doanh c hiu qu trong lc kinh t kh khn nh hin nay? Theo ng Linh, hy u t mnh cho trang web. Mt trang web hu hiu s l mt cng c tip th tch cc cho doanh nghip, gip doanh nghip xy dng k hoch cho hng, kt ni v duy tr cc mi quan h vi khch hng, ng Linh ni. Tuy nhin, hin trng trang web ca cc doanh nghip Vit Nam cn t ra nhng vn cn gii quyt. Phn ln cc trang web ny chuyn ti ni dung khng hng n khch hng nn dn n tnh trng nhiu trang web ng c thng tin v hnh nh hi hp trong ni b cng ty. l cha k n trnh thit k trang web cn hn ch, nhiu doanh nghip qu ch trng n hnh thc nh dng nhiu flash, mu sc le lot, gy ri mt.

Nhng iu ng tic nht l nhiu trang web c tn sut cp nht rt km, lm cho ngi c thy chn, s lng truy cp thp dn. Ngi lnh o doanh nghip nu khng hiu nguyn nhn th c th nh gi trang web rt km v khng c ch. Cng c trng hp doanh nghip c trang web p nhng khng bit cch qung b nn t ngi bit n. V cui cng, mt trang web c xy dng vi h tr kinh doanh khng th thiu cng c thanh ton trc tuyn. Theo ti, cc doanh nghip phi xem xt v iu chnh nhng im ny nu mun dng trang web nh mt cng c h tr kinh doanh trong thi im kinh t kh khn, ng Linh khuyn. Nhng yu t then cht u t h tng bng thng rng. Theo Gio s Trn V Ha ngi ang ging dy v thng mi in t ti i hc New York (M), ng thi l Ch tch Hi ng Qun tr Tp on WorldSoft cng nh Vit Nam, tnh hnh kinh t suy thoi khin hng lot doanh nghip nh v va ca M b ng ca, ngi s dng quay hn sang dng Internet t vic mua bn qua mng, thanh ton trn mng cho n qung co, tip th sn phm v dch v. Nhng iu khin thng mi in t M v nhiu nc khc gn Vit Nam pht trin mnh m l do h u t cho bng thng rng bo m giao dch thng sut trn xa l thng tin. Mun pht trin thng mi in t, Vit Nam cn c k hoch pht trin bng thng song song vi vic pht trin cc ng dng, quan tm n vn bo mt to s tin tng ni ngi s dng v thu ht cc doanh nghip tham gia, ng Ha ni. Bit khch hng ca mnh l ai. gc doanh nghip, Gim c Tip th ca Tp on WorldSoft ng David Trn, cho rng gii lnh o doanh nghip phi xc nh r khch hng ca mnh l ai, th trng ca mnh u trc khi ln k hoch xy dng trang web. Trang eBay ni ting thnh cng nh hiu c th hiu ca khch hng, nn thng t nhng sn phm m khch hng ca h quan tm trang ch vi hnh nh rt to. YouTube ni ting vi video v ch nhn YouTube hiu rt r thch xem video v khng tic thi gian xem video ca khch hng. V vy, YouTube lun c hng lot cc video c ni dung lin quan n ch ang xem v t chng v tr m ngi s dng rt d tm. Tp trung vo khch hng ct li. Cng c cng kin nh David Trn, ng Thomas Wanhoff, n t Cng ty T vn Vina Consulting, khuyn cc doanh nghip mun bin trang web thnh cng c kinh doanh tht s, cn tp trung vo khch hng ct li. Amazon l mt trang web thng mi in t bt u bng vic bn sch d chng ai ngh bn sch mang li thnh cng ln trong tng lai. Amazon thnh cng nh tp trung vo ngnh ngh kinh doanh chnh l bn sch qua mng v bm chc khi nim chic ui di (long-tail). Khi nim ny c hiu nh sau: nhng cun sch bn chy nht (best-seller) cha hn l nhng cun sch c bn nhiu nht v s lng, nhng nhng cun sch bn vi s lng t hn nhng n nh qua nhiu nm lin tip li mang n cho Amazon doanh thu cao gp nhiu ln so vi cc quyn best-seller. Ngha l bn cnh nhng cun sch bn chy nht, Amazon cn bn c nhng quyn sch khng phi l best-seller. Amazon lm mi cch to thun li cho khch hng, nh tm nh phn phi c

c mc gi tt nht khch hng c th mua sch vi gi r hn, mua nhiu sch hn, v to ra mt mi trng kinh doanh di hn. Chnh nh chin lc ny m trong mt thi gian rt ngn, Amazon ci thin c cc khon thu v khon n ca cng ty. Tn dng cc cng c c sn trn Internet. Cng nghip Internet bt u t trang web, mng x hi nh Zing Vit Nam hay Facebook, MySpace, Yahoo 3600 M. Thomas Wanhoff cho rng, y l nhng ni m mi ngi c th t hp vi nhau chia s cm xc, kin thc, thng tin cho nhau nn cc doanh nghip hy tn dng nhng cng c ny tip th cho mnh. Name Cheap l mt dch v bn tn min trc tuyn v h tn dng Twitter ging nh blog nhng c vit ngn gn vi 140 t lm truyn thng cho mnh. Name Cheap m mt ti khon Twi